技术领域Technical Field
本发明涉及智能电网技术领域，特别是涉及一种基于信誉度共识机制的智能电网数据聚合方法。The present invention relates to the field of smart grid technology, and in particular to a smart grid data aggregation method based on a reputation consensus mechanism.
背景技术Background Art
与传统电网技术相比，智能电网是一种利用先进的信息和通信技术提供经济高效、可持续的电力系统的电力网络。智能电表作为智能电网架构的重要组成部分，实现了电力公司与用户之间的双向通信。电力公司可以通过智能电表收集用户细粒度的能源使用数据，并提供最优的电力调度和更准确的计费和实时定价调整等服务，用户也可以利用智能电表的实时定价功能来优化其用电决策，提高能源效率。Compared with traditional grid technology, smart grid is a power network that uses advanced information and communication technologies to provide an economical, efficient and sustainable power system. As an important part of the smart grid architecture, smart meters enable two-way communication between power companies and users. Power companies can collect fine-grained energy usage data from users through smart meters and provide services such as optimal power dispatching, more accurate billing and real-time pricing adjustments. Users can also use the real-time pricing function of smart meters to optimize their electricity usage decisions and improve energy efficiency.
然而，智能电网在提供便利服务的同时，也面临着严重的安全问题。攻击者可以拦截和分析用户细粒度能耗数据来推断有关用户生活习惯的隐私信息，例如家电的使用情况、用户何时睡觉、何时回家等。更重要的是，在传输过程中，电网用户自身可能会试图篡改电力公司收到的计量数据，以便减少能源费用。这不仅影响电力公司的正常计费，而且用于负载监测的错误读数会影响有关电网管理的决策，严重时导致电网不稳定或停电。However, while providing convenient services, smart grids also face serious security issues. Attackers can intercept and analyze users' fine-grained energy consumption data to infer private information about users' living habits, such as the use of home appliances, when users go to bed, when they go home, etc. More importantly, during the transmission process, grid users themselves may try to tamper with the metering data received by the power company in order to reduce energy costs. This not only affects the normal billing of the power company, but also the erroneous readings used for load monitoring will affect the decision-making on grid management, and in serious cases, lead to grid instability or power outages.
针对以上问题，现有工作采用了基于同态加密和基于位掩码的方法。然而，同态加密导致智能电表难以承受的计算成本，而基于位掩码的方法通信效率低下，目前迫切需要新的手段和方法来解决这一问题。To address the above issues, existing work has adopted methods based on homomorphic encryption and bit masking. However, homomorphic encryption leads to unbearable computational costs for smart meters, while the communication efficiency of the bit masking method is low. New means and methods are urgently needed to solve this problem.
区块链是一种去中心化、匿名性、数据不可篡改的分布式数据库。它将数据以区块为单位，按照时间顺序首尾相连构成一个链式数据结构，通过哈希指针来保证数据不可篡改，采用共识机制提供去中心信任。考虑到区块链具有以上特性，本发明使用区块链进行智能电网数据聚合，以保证用户能耗数据的机密性和完整性。Blockchain is a decentralized, anonymous, and tamper-proof distributed database. It connects data in blocks in chronological order to form a chain data structure, uses hash pointers to ensure that data cannot be tampered with, and uses a consensus mechanism to provide decentralized trust. Considering the above characteristics of blockchain, the present invention uses blockchain to aggregate smart grid data to ensure the confidentiality and integrity of user energy consumption data.
然而，现有区块链中大多使用的共识机制不能在这里应用。因为工作量证明(PoW)或权益证明(PoS)等类似共识机制通过解决复杂的数学问题(挖矿)来创建新区块，需消耗大量计算资源，而智能电表计算资源有限。BFT类共识机制协商的通信开销较大，不适用于节点规模较大的网络。However, the consensus mechanisms used in most existing blockchains cannot be applied here. This is because similar consensus mechanisms such as Proof of Work (PoW) or Proof of Stake (PoS) create new blocks by solving complex mathematical problems (mining), which consumes a lot of computing resources, while smart meters have limited computing resources. The BFT consensus mechanism has a large communication overhead and is not suitable for networks with large node sizes.
综上所述，研发基于信誉度共识机制的智能电网数据聚合方法，仍是智能电网技术领域中亟待解决的问题。In summary, the development of smart grid data aggregation methods based on credibility consensus mechanism is still an urgent problem to be solved in the field of smart grid technology.
发明内容Summary of the invention
本发明的目的在于提供一种基于信誉度共识机制的智能电网数据聚合方法以解决上述背景技术中提出的问题。The purpose of the present invention is to provide a smart grid data aggregation method based on a reputation consensus mechanism to solve the problems raised in the above background technology.
为实现以上目的，本发明提供如下技术方案：一种基于信誉度共识机制的智能电网数据聚合方法，包括面向智能电网数据聚合的区块链框架以及基于信誉度的共识机制。To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: a smart grid data aggregation method based on a reputation consensus mechanism, comprising a blockchain framework for smart grid data aggregation and a reputation-based consensus mechanism.
面向智能电网数据聚合的区块链架构包括：The blockchain architecture for smart grid data aggregation includes:
由同一网关区域内若干个智能电表终端节点组成的区块链共识网络；负责聚合同一网关区域内能源使用数据，并生成区块的记账节点；负责生成智能电表和区域网关的秘密参数并公开系统参数的可信机构；将本区域智能电表的细粒度能耗数据转发给电网控制中心并返回控制信息给智能电表的区域网关；提供能源管理、电力调度、动态定价等服务的电网控制中心。A blockchain consensus network composed of several smart meter terminal nodes in the same gateway area; responsible for aggregating energy usage data in the same gateway area and generating accounting nodes for blocks; a trusted institution responsible for generating secret parameters for smart meters and regional gateways and disclosing system parameters; forwarding the fine-grained energy consumption data of smart meters in the area to the grid control center and returning control information to the regional gateway of the smart meters; a grid control center that provides services such as energy management, power dispatching, and dynamic pricing.
所述电网控制中心与所述区域网关通信连接，所述区域网关节点与所述智能电表通信连接，所述智能电表之间通信连接，所述电网控制中心、区域网关和智能电表均与所述可信机构通信连接。The power grid control center is communicatively connected to the regional gateway, the regional gateway node is communicatively connected to the smart meter, the smart meters are communicatively connected to each other, and the power grid control center, regional gateway and smart meters are all communicatively connected to the trusted institution.
所述可信机构通过椭圆曲线密码学生成各实体的秘密参数并公开系统参数。所述智能电表测量一个时间周期内用户的能源使用数据，并使用私钥对用户的能源使用数据进行加密。The trusted institution generates secret parameters of each entity and discloses system parameters through elliptic curve cryptography. The smart meter measures the energy usage data of the user within a time period and encrypts the energy usage data of the user using a private key.
作为进一步的优选方案，所述基于信誉度的共识机制可以评估区块链共识网络中各终端节点的信誉度，将信誉的模糊概念量化为一个具体的数值分数，分值越高则被选取成为记账节点的几率越大。As a further preferred solution, the reputation-based consensus mechanism can evaluate the reputation of each terminal node in the blockchain consensus network, and quantify the fuzzy concept of reputation into a specific numerical score. The higher the score, the greater the chance of being selected as a bookkeeping node.
作为进一步的优选方案，所述基于信誉度的共识机制提供一个有限的随机偏移量并设置一个权重系数β来反映验证成功率对信誉度的影响程度，以避免出现某些节点的验证成功率在一段时间内一直保持第一的情况。As a further preferred solution, the reputation-based consensus mechanism provides a limited random offset and sets a weight coefficient β to reflect the impact of the verification success rate on the reputation, so as to avoid the situation where the verification success rate of some nodes remains the first for a period of time.
作为进一步的优选方案，所述信誉分最高的终端节点将被选取成为当前时间段的记账节点，负责聚合同一网关区域内终端节点的能源使用数据，并打包成区块分发给其它节点进行验证。As a further preferred solution, the terminal node with the highest reputation score will be selected as the accounting node for the current time period, responsible for aggregating the energy usage data of the terminal nodes in the same gateway area, and packaging it into blocks for distribution to other nodes for verification.
作为进一步的优选方案，所述区块内容包括区块头和区块体两部分，其中，区块头包含前一个区块的哈希值、时间戳、记账节点的假名、节点的信誉分、默克尔根和记账节点对区块的签名，区块体包含同一网关区域内终端节点的能源使用数据和相应的假名。As a further preferred solution, the block content includes two parts: a block header and a block body, wherein the block header contains the hash value of the previous block, a timestamp, a pseudonym of the accounting node, the node's reputation score, a Merkle root, and the signature of the accounting node on the block, and the block body contains the energy usage data and corresponding pseudonyms of the terminal nodes in the same gateway area.
作为进一步的优选方案，所述区块验证包括区块发布方是否拥有最高的信誉值、区块中记录的数据和时间戳是否正确、前一区块的哈希值以及区块签名是否正确。所述终端节点只需要验证与自己相关的记录和在本地存储当前区块的哈希值。As a further preferred solution, the block verification includes whether the block publisher has the highest reputation value, whether the data and timestamp recorded in the block are correct, the hash value of the previous block, and whether the block signature is correct. The terminal node only needs to verify the records related to itself and store the hash value of the current block locally.
作为进一步的优选方案，所述基于信誉度的共识机制可以评估记账节点的发布区块的验证成功率，并动态更新节点的信誉分，作为下一时间周期记账节点选取的依据。若所述验证都满足，则所述区块可以通过区域网关发送给电网控制中心，添加到私有区块链上。As a further preferred solution, the reputation-based consensus mechanism can evaluate the verification success rate of the block published by the accounting node, and dynamically update the node's reputation score as the basis for selecting the accounting node in the next time period. If the verification is satisfied, the block can be sent to the power grid control center through the regional gateway and added to the private blockchain.
本发明的技术效果和优点：本发明提供了一种基于信誉度共识机制的智能电网数据聚合方法，该方法将同一网关区域内的智能电表终端节点形成一个区块链共识网络，并基于信誉度的共识机制评估该网络中各节点的信誉度，公平地选取一个可信的智能电表终端作为记账节点，负责聚合能源使用数据，并打包成区块添加到电网控制中心的私有区块链中。本发明解决了智能电网数据聚合运行效率低、计算复杂度大、通信效率低的问题。安全分析表明，本发明满足智能电网能耗数据聚合的机密性、数据完整性等安全需求。Technical effects and advantages of the present invention: The present invention provides a smart grid data aggregation method based on a reputation consensus mechanism, which forms a blockchain consensus network with smart meter terminal nodes in the same gateway area, and evaluates the reputation of each node in the network based on the reputation consensus mechanism, and fairly selects a trusted smart meter terminal as a bookkeeping node, which is responsible for aggregating energy usage data, and packaging it into blocks and adding it to the private blockchain of the power grid control center. The present invention solves the problems of low operating efficiency, high computational complexity, and low communication efficiency of smart grid data aggregation. Security analysis shows that the present invention meets the security requirements of confidentiality, data integrity, and other security requirements for smart grid energy consumption data aggregation.
附图说明BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
为了使本发明的技术方案以及技术效果更加清晰，本发明提供如下附图进行说明：In order to make the technical solution and technical effects of the present invention clearer, the present invention provides the following drawings for illustration:
图1为本发明中面向智能电网数据聚合的区块链架构；FIG1 is a blockchain architecture for smart grid data aggregation in the present invention;
图2为本发明中基于信誉度共识机制的智能电网数据聚合方法的流程图；FIG2 is a flow chart of a smart grid data aggregation method based on a reputation consensus mechanism in the present invention;
图3为本发明中基于信誉度共识机制的共识过程示意图；FIG3 is a schematic diagram of a consensus process based on a reputation consensus mechanism in the present invention;
图4为本发明中区块的结构示意图。FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a block in the present invention.
具体实施方式DETAILED DESCRIPTION
下面结合附图及具体实施例对本发明作进一步的详细描述。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其它实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。The present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in the field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.
1.本发明的方案设计1. Design of the present invention
图1为本发明的面向智能电网数据聚合的区块链架构，具体实体定义如下：FIG1 is a blockchain architecture for smart grid data aggregation of the present invention, and the specific entity definitions are as follows:
智能电表：安装在用户侧的实体终端，它可以定期地详细测量和收集用户的能源使用数据和相关信息。同一网关区域内若干个智能电表终端节点组成一个区块链共识网络，每个终端节点作为区块链共识的参与者，都有一个潜在的机会被选择为记账节点。Smart meter: A physical terminal installed on the user side that can regularly measure and collect detailed energy usage data and related information. Several smart meter terminal nodes in the same gateway area form a blockchain consensus network. Each terminal node, as a participant in the blockchain consensus, has a potential opportunity to be selected as a bookkeeping node.
记账节点：通过基于信誉度的共识机制从区块共识网络终端节点中选取，负责聚合同一网关区域内终端节点的能源使用数据，并打包成区块分发给其它节点进行验证。Accounting nodes: Selected from the terminal nodes of the block consensus network through a reputation-based consensus mechanism, responsible for aggregating the energy usage data of the terminal nodes in the same gateway area, and packaging them into blocks for distribution to other nodes for verification.
区域网关：电网控制中心和智能电表之间的实体，负责将本区域智能电表的细粒度能耗数据转发给电网控制中心，并返回控制信息给智能电表。Regional gateway: An entity between the grid control center and the smart meters, responsible for forwarding the fine-grained energy consumption data of the smart meters in the region to the grid control center and returning control information to the smart meters.
可信机构：本发明中所有参与者所信任的实体，负责生成智能电表和区域网关的密码参数以及公开系统参数，并将用户的身份-公钥对存储在一个高安全性的数据库中，只有授权的电网控制中心可以访问。Trusted authority: An entity trusted by all participants in the present invention, responsible for generating cryptographic parameters and public system parameters for smart meters and regional gateways, and storing user identity-public key pairs in a highly secure database that can only be accessed by authorized grid control centers.
电网控制中心：该实体利用区块链定期记录和分析用户的能源使用数据，以便审计和防止数据被篡改，并提供能源管理、电力调度、动态定价等服务。Grid Control Center: This entity uses blockchain to regularly record and analyze users’ energy usage data in order to audit and prevent data tampering, and provide services such as energy management, power dispatch, and dynamic pricing.
参见图2和图3，基于信誉度共识机制的智能电网数据聚合方法，包括以下步骤：Referring to FIG. 2 and FIG. 3 , the smart grid data aggregation method based on the reputation consensus mechanism includes the following steps:
步骤S1.可信机构通过椭圆曲线密码学生成各实体的秘密参数并公开系统参数Step S1. The trusted institution generates secret parameters of each entity through elliptic curve cryptography and discloses system parameters
具体的，所述S1包括以下步骤：Specifically, the S1 includes the following steps:
S101.可信机构设置一个有限域Fp的椭圆曲线E(Fp)，利用生成元P和大素数q生成循环群G。S101. The trusted institution sets up an elliptic curve E(Fp ) of a finite field Fp and generates a cyclic group G using a generator P and a large prime number q.
S102.可信机构从q阶有限域中取随机数S作为系统的主密钥，并计算系统的主公钥：S102. The trusted institution takes a random number S from a q-order finite field as the system's master key and calculates the system's master public key:
Ppub＝S·P (1)Ppub ＝S·P (1)
S103.可信机构设置一个抗碰撞的单向哈希函数H1。S103. The trusted institution sets a collision-resistant one-way hash function H1 .
S104.可信机构将主私钥S秘密保存，并公开系统参数{G,P,q,H1,Ppub}。S104. The trusted institution keeps the master private key S in secret and makes the system parameters {G, P, q, H1 , Ppub } public.
S105.可信机构选择一个随机数为区域网关和智能电表生成秘密参数，以智能电表SMi为例，根据身份ID从q阶有限域中选择一个随机数ri计算所述智能电表的私钥和公钥：S105. The trusted institution selects a random number to generate secret parameters for the regional gateway and the smart meter. Taking the smart meter SMi as an example, a random numberri is selected from the q-order finite field according to the identity ID to calculate the private key and public key of the smart meter:
SKi＝ri+S·H1(IDi) (2)SKi ＝ri +S·H1 (IDi ) (2)
PKi＝SKi·P (3)PKi =SKi ·P (3)
S106.可信机构将生成的区域网关密码参数发送给区域网关，将生成的智能电表秘密参数发送给每一个智能电表。S106. The trusted institution sends the generated regional gateway cryptographic parameters to the regional gateway, and sends the generated smart meter secret parameters to each smart meter.
步骤S2.每个智能电表在一个时间周期内将其用户的能源使用数据和其公钥转发给同一网关区域内其它智能电表终端节点。Step S2. Each smart meter forwards its user's energy usage data and its public key to other smart meter terminal nodes in the same gateway area within a time period.
一个时间周期默认为10分钟，可以根据网络情况、电网控制中心统计需求更改。The default time period is 10 minutes, which can be changed according to the network conditions and the statistical requirements of the power grid control center.
具体的，所述S2包括以下步骤：Specifically, S2 includes the following steps:
S201.每个智能电表测量一个时间周期内用户的能源使用数据，并使用私钥对用户的能源使用数据进行加密。S201. Each smart meter measures the energy usage data of a user within a time period and encrypts the energy usage data of the user using a private key.
S202.每个智能电表将密文数据和其公钥转发给同一网关区域内其它终端节点。S202. Each smart meter forwards the encrypted data and its public key to other terminal nodes in the same gateway area.
S203.其它节点收到密文后，验证所述公钥的身份；验证通过后，使用所述公钥对密文数据解密。S203. After receiving the ciphertext, other nodes verify the identity of the public key; after the verification is successful, the public key is used to decrypt the ciphertext data.
步骤S3.基于用户信誉度的共识机制选取一个信誉度最高的智能电表的作为这一时间周期的记账节点。Step S3. Based on the consensus mechanism of user reputation, a smart meter with the highest reputation is selected as the accounting node for this time period.
具体的，所述S3包括以下步骤：Specifically, S3 includes the following steps:
S301.评估网络中每个智能电表终端节点的信誉度，将信誉的模糊概念量化为一个具体的数值分数，以智能电表终端节点SMi为例，信誉分计算如下：S301. Evaluate the reputation of each smart meter terminal node in the network, quantify the fuzzy concept of reputation into a specific numerical score. Taking the smart meter terminal node SMi as an example, the reputation score is calculated as follows:
式中，Scorei表示所述智能电表SMi当前的信誉分，β是权重系数，n为网络中终端节点的数量，θi是所述智能电表SMi发布区块的验证成功率，T为当前时间戳，PKi为所述智能电表SMi的公钥。In the formula, Scorei represents the current reputation score of the smart meter SMi , β is the weight coefficient, n is the number of terminal nodes in the network, θi is the verification success rate of the block published by the smart meter SMi , T is the current timestamp, and PKi is the public key of the smart meter SMi .
S302.所述智能电表的信誉度受到其发布区块的验证成功率θi和哈希值h(T‖PKi)的影响，其中，θi决定了该节点的可信度，主要根据节点发布区块的验证结果评价，所添加的哈希值h(T‖PKi)modn提供一个有限的随机偏移量，并设置一个权重系数β(0≤β≤1)来反映验证成功率对信誉度的影响程度。S302. The credibility of the smart meter is affected by the verification success rateθi of the blocks it publishes and the hash value h(T‖PKi ), whereθi determines the credibility of the node, which is mainly evaluated based on the verification results of the blocks published by the node. The added hash value h(T‖PKi ) modn provides a finite random offset, and a weight coefficient β (0≤β≤1) is set to reflect the influence of the verification success rate on the credibility.
S303.通过这种度量，每个智能电表终端节点都可以与信誉度相关联，并选取信誉分最高的节点作为记账节点，负责聚合同一网关区域内终端节点的能源使用数据。S303. Through this measurement, each smart meter terminal node can be associated with a reputation, and the node with the highest reputation score is selected as the accounting node, which is responsible for aggregating the energy usage data of the terminal nodes in the same gateway area.
步骤S4.记账节点选取后，将同一区域网关内终端节点的能源使用数据和相应的公钥打包形成一个新的区块，并将该区块分发给同一区域网关内其它节点进行验证。Step S4. After the accounting node is selected, the energy usage data and corresponding public keys of the terminal nodes in the same regional gateway are packaged into a new block, and the block is distributed to other nodes in the same regional gateway for verification.
具体的，所述S4包括以下步骤：Specifically, S4 includes the following steps:
S401.参见图4，所述记账节点将同一区域网关内各节点的能源使用数据和相应的公钥视作一笔交易记录到区块体中。S401. Referring to FIG. 4 , the accounting node records the energy usage data and corresponding public key of each node in the same regional gateway as a transaction in the block body.
S402.所述记账节点将这些交易通过默克尔树算法进行哈希，获得一个默克尔根。S402. The accounting node hashes these transactions using the Merkle tree algorithm to obtain a Merkle root.
S403.所述记账节点将前一个区块的哈希值、时间戳、所述记账节点的公钥、当前时间段的信誉分以及默克尔根记录到区块头中。S403. The accounting node records the hash value of the previous block, the timestamp, the public key of the accounting node, the reputation score of the current time period, and the Merkle root into the block header.
S404.所述记账节点对所述区块私钥签名后将其签名添加到所述区块中，同时向网络广播所述区块。S404. The accounting node signs the block private key and adds its signature to the block, and broadcasts the block to the network at the same time.
S405.同一网关区域其它终端节点在接收到所述区块后，根据设定的规则对所述区块进行验证，验证包括区块发布方是否拥有最高的信誉值；所述区块中记录的数据、时间戳、前一区块的哈希值是否正确；所述公钥是否正确验证所述区块的签名。S405. After receiving the block, other terminal nodes in the same gateway area verify the block according to the set rules, including whether the block publisher has the highest reputation value; whether the data, timestamp, and hash value of the previous block recorded in the block are correct; and whether the public key correctly verifies the signature of the block.
S406.所述终端节点只需要验证与自己相关的记录，并在本地存储所述区块的哈希值，作为下一个区块的前哈希值。S406. The terminal node only needs to verify the records related to itself and store the hash value of the block locally as the pre-hash value of the next block.
步骤S5.更新智能电表终端节点的信誉度，并选取下一时间周期的记账节点。Step S5. Update the credibility of the smart meter terminal node and select the accounting node for the next time period.
具体的，所述S5包括以下步骤：Specifically, S5 includes the following steps:
S501.根据区块验证结果计算智能电表终端节点的验证成功率，以智能电表终端节点SMi为例，验证成功率θi计算如下：S501. Calculate the verification success rate of the smart meter terminal node according to the block verification result. Taking the smart meter terminal node SMi as an example, the verification success rate θi is calculated as follows:
式中，Sij为同一区域网关内其它节点SMj对所述终端节点SMi发布区块后的信用评分(j≠i)，n是网络中终端节点数量，N为动态总时间周期，λ为可调参数。Wherein, Sij is the credit score of other nodes SMj in the same regional gateway after publishing the block to the terminal node SMi (j≠i), n is the number of terminal nodes in the network, N is the dynamic total time period, and λ is an adjustable parameter.
S502.同一区域网关内其它节点对所述终端节点SMi发布区块过程中的诚实行为进行信用评分，Sij∈{1,0,-1}，Sij＝1表示当前时间周期，所述终端节点SMi发布的区块通过了同一区域网关内其它节点SMj的验证；Sij＝0，表示SMi没有发布区块；Sij＝-1，表示SMi当前发布的区块经节点SMj验证后为非法区块。S502. Other nodes in the same regional gateway give credit scores to the honest behavior of the terminal node SMi in the process of publishing blocks, Sij ∈{1,0,-1}, Sij =1 indicates that in the current time period, the block published by the terminal node SMi has passed the verification of other nodes SMj in the same regional gateway; Sij =0, indicating that SMi has not published a block; Sij =-1, indicating that the block currently published by SMi is an illegal block after verification by node SMj .
S503.将所述验证成功率θi代入公式4，更新所述智能电表终端节点的信誉度评分。S503. Substitute the verification success rate θi into Formula 4 to update the credibility score of the smart meter terminal node.
S504.每个智能电表终端节点在本地存储一个信誉列表，记录着网络中所述节点的信誉分，选取信誉分最高的终端节点作为下一时间周期的记账节点。S504. Each smart meter terminal node stores a reputation list locally, recording the reputation scores of the nodes in the network, and selects the terminal node with the highest reputation score as the accounting node for the next time period.
步骤S6.若所述区块验证都满足，则所述区块通过区域网关发送给电网控制中心，添加到私有区块链上，并开始下一时间周期的数据聚合。若不满足，步骤S5选取的记账节点可作为当前时间周期新的记账节点，重新聚合能源使用数据，生成区块并验证。Step S6. If the block verification is satisfied, the block is sent to the power grid control center through the regional gateway, added to the private blockchain, and data aggregation for the next time period begins. If not satisfied, the accounting node selected in step S5 can be used as a new accounting node for the current time period, re-aggregate energy usage data, generate blocks and verify.
2.本发明的安全性分析2. Safety Analysis of the Present Invention
机密性：在本发明中，智能电表终端节点用它的公钥进行通信，真实身份ID不会被公开；用户的身份-公钥对存储在可信机构一个高安全性的数据库中，即只有可信机构和授权的电网控制中心知道每个公钥的真实身份；即使攻击者截获了密文，也无法获取用户真实的能源使用数据。Confidentiality: In the present invention, the smart meter terminal node uses its public key to communicate, and the real identity ID will not be disclosed; the user's identity-public key pair is stored in a high-security database of a trusted institution, that is, only the trusted institution and the authorized power grid control center know the true identity of each public key; even if an attacker intercepts the ciphertext, he cannot obtain the user's real energy usage data.
完整性：本发明基于区块链技术，各智能电表终端节点的能源使用数据由记账节点记录在不可篡改和永久保存的区块链中。区块头中的默克尔根可以验证区块中的能源使用数据在传输过程中是否被篡改。依赖于前一个区块的哈希值，所有区块都是相互链接的。如果任何区块被篡改，所有后续的区块哈希更改将被触发。因此新的区块一旦产生，则其包含的数据的完整性则可以被保证。Integrity: The present invention is based on blockchain technology. The energy usage data of each smart meter terminal node is recorded by the accounting node in a tamper-proof and permanently stored blockchain. The Merkle root in the block header can verify whether the energy usage data in the block has been tampered with during transmission. All blocks are linked to each other depending on the hash value of the previous block. If any block is tampered with, all subsequent block hash changes will be triggered. Therefore, once a new block is generated, the integrity of the data it contains can be guaranteed.
共识安全：共识机制的主要安全问题源于如何公平地选择值得信任的记账节点。如果一个恶意节点被选中，会严重威胁共识机制的安全性。本发明提供了一种新的基于用户信誉度的证明共识机制，最大限度地保证了共识的安全性和公平性。节点的信誉度评分越高，就意味着他/她过去的行为越可信；节点的信誉度评分是公开计算并记录在区块上的，因此恶意用户不能更改它们；即使某个恶意用户试图通过不诚实地评估其它节点的信誉而成为记账节点，其不诚实的信任评估对后续记账节点的选取影响有限，因为大多数节点都是“诚实的”；即使一个恶意用户成为记账节点，其恶意行为也可以被设计的信任模型检测，可信机构会撤销其相应的秘密参数，限制其行为；同时，哈希操作提供一个有限的随机偏移量来避免某些验证成功率高的节点在一段时间内一直充当记账节点的情况，实现网络负载均衡。Consensus security: The main security issue of the consensus mechanism stems from how to fairly select trustworthy accounting nodes. If a malicious node is selected, it will seriously threaten the security of the consensus mechanism. The present invention provides a new proof consensus mechanism based on user reputation, which maximizes the security and fairness of the consensus. The higher the reputation score of a node, the more credible his/her past behavior is; the reputation score of a node is publicly calculated and recorded on the block, so malicious users cannot change them; even if a malicious user attempts to become an accounting node by dishonestly evaluating the reputation of other nodes, his/her dishonest trust evaluation has limited impact on the selection of subsequent accounting nodes because most nodes are "honest"; even if a malicious user becomes an accounting node, his/her malicious behavior can be detected by the designed trust model, and the trusted organization will revoke its corresponding secret parameters and restrict its behavior; at the same time, the hash operation provides a limited random offset to avoid certain nodes with high verification success rates from acting as accounting nodes for a period of time, thereby achieving network load balancing.
以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施例，但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此，应当说明的是，任何熟悉本领域的技术人员在本发明披露的技术范围内，做出的所有等同替代、明显变形形式，仍属于发明所涵盖的范围，理应受到本发明的保护。The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. It should be noted that all equivalent substitutions and obvious deformation forms made by any technician familiar with the field within the technical scope disclosed in the present invention still fall within the scope of the invention and should be protected by the present invention.
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