技术领域Technical Field
本发明涉及激光器技术领域，特别是涉及一种中红外可饱和吸收体及全光纤中红外脉冲激光器。The present invention relates to the field of laser technology, and in particular to a mid-infrared saturable absorber and an all-fiber mid-infrared pulse laser.
背景技术Background Art
随着光纤激光技术的发展，基于石英光纤的1微米、1.5微米和2微米波段光纤激光器得到了快速发展，但石英光纤在2.5微米以上的波段具有很大的传输损耗，因而石英光纤无法用于产生2.5微米以上的激光。利用声子能量较低的软玻璃光纤(如碲酸盐玻璃光纤、氟化物光纤、硫系玻璃光纤等)，可以实现中红外光纤激光器。但由于中红外光纤具有质脆(氟化物光纤)、易于受潮(氟化物光纤)、转变温度低(碲酸盐玻璃光纤、氟化物光纤、硫系玻璃光纤等)等不足，因而光纤制备和处理难度较大，目前缺少中红外波段的光纤器件，尤其缺乏中红外波段的光纤基可饱和吸收体。另外，目前所有的非光纤基中红外波段可饱和吸收体的调制参数(如调制深度等)都不具备在线可调谐功能。这严重限制了中红外脉冲激光器脉冲参数的灵活性和紧凑度的提升。再者，受限于光纤基调制器件的缺乏，目前也没有全光纤结构中红外光纤脉冲激光器。With the development of fiber laser technology, quartz fiber-based 1-micron, 1.5-micron and 2-micron fiber lasers have developed rapidly, but quartz fiber has a large transmission loss in the band above 2.5 microns, so quartz fiber cannot be used to generate lasers above 2.5 microns. Mid-infrared fiber lasers can be realized by using soft glass fibers with low phonon energy (such as tellurite glass fiber, fluoride fiber, chalcogenide glass fiber, etc.). However, due to the shortcomings of mid-infrared fiber, such as brittleness (fluoride fiber), easy to get damp (fluoride fiber), and low transition temperature (tellurate glass fiber, fluoride fiber, chalcogenide glass fiber, etc.), it is difficult to prepare and process the fiber. At present, there is a lack of fiber devices in the mid-infrared band, especially a lack of fiber-based saturable absorbers in the mid-infrared band. In addition, the modulation parameters (such as modulation depth, etc.) of all non-fiber-based mid-infrared band saturable absorbers currently do not have online tunable functions. This seriously limits the flexibility and compactness of the pulse parameters of mid-infrared pulsed lasers. Furthermore, due to the lack of fiber-based modulation devices, there is currently no all-fiber structured mid-infrared fiber pulse laser.
发明内容Summary of the invention
本发明的目的是提供一种中红外可饱和吸收体及全光纤中红外脉冲激光器，调制参数可在线调谐，可实现全光纤集成，提高激光器的稳定性和输出脉冲参数的灵活性。The purpose of the present invention is to provide a mid-infrared saturable absorber and an all-fiber mid-infrared pulse laser, whose modulation parameters can be tuned online, can realize all-fiber integration, and improve the stability of the laser and the flexibility of the output pulse parameters.
为实现上述目的，本发明提供了如下方案：To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following solutions:
一种中红外可饱和吸收体，设置在激光器中，并接收待调制激光，所述中红外可饱和吸收体包括：A mid-infrared saturable absorber is arranged in a laser and receives a laser to be modulated, the mid-infrared saturable absorber comprising:
吸收体泵浦源，用于产生吸收体泵浦光；An absorber pump source, used for generating absorber pump light;
吸收体光纤，具有激活离子，所述激活离子位于基能级；An absorber optical fiber having an activated ion, wherein the activated ion is located at a fundamental energy level;
所述吸收体光纤与所述吸收体泵浦源连接，所述吸收体光纤用于接收所述吸收体泵浦光和待调制激光；在所述吸收体泵浦光的作用下，所述吸收体光纤的部分激活离子从基能级被泵浦至激发能级，得到第一激活离子，并在所述第一激活离子的激发态吸收效应的作用下对所述待调制激光进行调制。The absorber optical fiber is connected to the absorber pump source, and the absorber optical fiber is used to receive the absorber pump light and the laser to be modulated; under the action of the absorber pump light, part of the activated ions in the absorber optical fiber are pumped from the base energy level to the excitation energy level to obtain the first activated ions, and the laser to be modulated is modulated under the action of the excited state absorption effect of the first activated ions.
可选地，所述吸收体光纤为中红外掺杂光纤。Optionally, the absorber optical fiber is a mid-infrared doped optical fiber.
可选地，所述中红外可饱和吸收体还包括：Optionally, the mid-infrared saturable absorber further includes:
吸收体合束器，分别与所述吸收体泵浦源及所述吸收体光纤连接，用于将所述吸收体泵浦光及待调制激光传输至所述吸收体光纤。The absorber combiner is connected to the absorber pump source and the absorber optical fiber respectively, and is used to transmit the absorber pump light and the laser to be modulated to the absorber optical fiber.
为实现上述目的，本发明还提供了如下方案：To achieve the above object, the present invention also provides the following solution:
一种全光纤中红外脉冲激光器，所述全光纤中红外脉冲激光器包括：An all-fiber mid-infrared pulse laser, comprising:
主泵浦源，用于产生主泵浦光；A main pump source, used for generating main pump light;
光纤光栅对，包括高反光纤光栅及低反光纤光栅；所述高反光纤光栅与所述主泵浦源连接；A fiber grating pair, comprising a high-reflection fiber grating and a low-reflection fiber grating; the high-reflection fiber grating is connected to the main pump source;
主掺杂光纤，与所述高反光纤光栅连接，所述主掺杂光纤具有激活离子；所述激活离子以受激吸收的形式吸收所述主泵浦光，并以受激辐射的形式发射光；所述高反光纤光栅用于对所述主掺杂光纤发射的光选频，得到第一选频激光，并将所述第一选频激光反射至所述主掺杂光纤；A main doped optical fiber is connected to the high-reflection fiber grating, and the main doped optical fiber has activated ions; the activated ions absorb the main pump light in the form of stimulated absorption and emit light in the form of stimulated radiation; the high-reflection fiber grating is used to select the frequency of the light emitted by the main doped optical fiber to obtain a first frequency-selected laser, and reflect the first frequency-selected laser to the main doped optical fiber;
中红外可饱和吸收体，与所述主掺杂光纤连接，用于对所述主掺杂光纤发射的光进行调制，得到调制激光；A mid-infrared saturable absorber connected to the main doped optical fiber and used to modulate the light emitted by the main doped optical fiber to obtain a modulated laser;
所述低反光纤光栅与所述中红外可饱和吸收体连接，所述低反光纤光栅用于对所述调制激光进行选频，得到第二选频激光，并将部分所述第二选频激光反射至所述主掺杂光纤，将其余所述第二选频激光透射输出；在所述第二选频激光达到稳态后，所述低反光纤光栅透射输出的激光为主激光；The low-reflection fiber grating is connected to the mid-infrared saturable absorber, and the low-reflection fiber grating is used to select the frequency of the modulated laser to obtain a second frequency-selected laser, and reflect part of the second frequency-selected laser to the main doped optical fiber, and transmit and output the rest of the second frequency-selected laser; after the second frequency-selected laser reaches a steady state, the laser transmitted and output by the low-reflection fiber grating is the main laser;
所述主掺杂光纤还用于以受激辐射的形式对所述第一选频激光及所述第二选频激光进行放大。The main doped optical fiber is also used to amplify the first frequency-selective laser and the second frequency-selective laser in the form of stimulated radiation.
可选地，所述全光纤中红外脉冲激光器还包括：Optionally, the all-fiber mid-infrared pulse laser further comprises:
主合束器，分别与所述主泵浦源及所述高反光纤光栅连接，用于将所述主泵浦光发送至所述高反光纤光栅。The main beam combiner is connected to the main pump source and the high-reflection fiber Bragg grating respectively, and is used to send the main pump light to the high-reflection fiber Bragg grating.
可选地，所述主掺杂光纤为中红外掺杂光纤。Optionally, the main doped optical fiber is a mid-infrared doped optical fiber.
可选地，所述全光纤中红外脉冲激光器还包括：Optionally, the all-fiber mid-infrared pulse laser further comprises:
包层光滤除器，与所述低反光纤光栅连接，用于滤除在光纤包层中传输的未被完全吸收的主泵浦光和吸收体泵浦光。The cladding light filter is connected to the low-reflection fiber grating and is used to filter out the main pump light and absorber pump light that are not completely absorbed and are transmitted in the fiber cladding.
可选地，所述全光纤中红外脉冲激光器为环型腔结构。Optionally, the all-fiber mid-infrared pulse laser is a ring cavity structure.
为实现上述目的，本发明还提供了如下方案：To achieve the above object, the present invention also provides the following solution:
一种全光纤中红外脉冲激光器，所述全光纤中红外脉冲激光器包括：主泵浦源、中红外可饱和吸收体、主合束器、光纤光栅对及主掺杂光纤；An all-fiber mid-infrared pulse laser, comprising: a main pump source, a mid-infrared saturable absorber, a main beam combiner, a fiber grating pair and a main doped fiber;
所述主泵浦源用于产生主泵浦光；The main pump source is used to generate main pump light;
所述光纤光栅对包括高反光纤光栅及低反光纤光栅；The fiber grating pair includes a high-reflection fiber grating and a low-reflection fiber grating;
所述主合束器分别与所述主泵浦源、所述中红外可饱和吸收体的吸收体泵浦源及所述高反光纤光栅连接；所述主合束器用于将所述主泵浦光及吸收体泵浦光传输至所述高反光纤光栅；The main beam combiner is connected to the main pump source, the absorber pump source of the mid-infrared saturable absorber and the high-reflection fiber grating respectively; the main beam combiner is used to transmit the main pump light and the absorber pump light to the high-reflection fiber grating;
所述主掺杂光纤与所述高反光纤光栅连接，所述主掺杂光纤具有激活离子，所述激活离子以受激吸收的形式吸收所述主泵浦光的光子，并以受激辐射的形式发射光；The main doped optical fiber is connected to the high-reflection fiber grating, and the main doped optical fiber has activated ions, which absorb photons of the main pump light in the form of stimulated absorption and emit light in the form of stimulated radiation;
所述高反光纤光栅用于将主泵浦光传输至主掺杂光纤，并对所述主掺杂光纤发射的光进行选频，得到第一选频激光，并将所述第一选频激光反射至所述主掺杂光纤；The high-reflection fiber grating is used to transmit the main pump light to the main doped fiber, and to perform frequency selection on the light emitted by the main doped fiber to obtain a first frequency-selected laser, and to reflect the first frequency-selected laser to the main doped fiber;
所述中红外可饱和吸收体的吸收体光纤与所述主掺杂光纤连接，所述吸收体光纤用于对所述主掺杂光纤发射的光进行调制，得到调制激光；The absorber fiber of the mid-infrared saturable absorber is connected to the main doped fiber, and the absorber fiber is used to modulate the light emitted by the main doped fiber to obtain modulated laser;
所述低反光纤光栅与所述吸收体光纤连接，所述低反光纤光栅用于对所述调制激光进行选频，得到第二选频激光，并将部分所述第二选频激光反射至所述主掺杂光纤，将部分所述第二选频激光透射输出；在所述第二选频激光达到稳态后，所述低反光纤光栅透射输出的激光为主激光；The low-reflection fiber Bragg grating is connected to the absorber optical fiber, and is used to select the frequency of the modulated laser to obtain a second frequency-selected laser, and reflect part of the second frequency-selected laser to the main doped optical fiber, and transmit and output part of the second frequency-selected laser; after the second frequency-selected laser reaches a steady state, the laser transmitted and output by the low-reflection fiber Bragg grating is the main laser;
所述主掺杂光纤还用于以受激辐射的形式对所述第一选频激光及所述第二选频激光进行放大。The main doped optical fiber is also used to amplify the first frequency-selective laser and the second frequency-selective laser in the form of stimulated radiation.
可选地，所述全光纤中红外脉冲激光器还包括：Optionally, the all-fiber mid-infrared pulse laser further comprises:
包层光滤除器，与所述低反光纤光栅连接，用于滤除在光纤包层中传输的未被完全吸收的主泵浦光和吸收体泵浦光。The cladding light filter is connected to the low-reflection fiber grating and is used to filter out the main pump light and absorber pump light that are not completely absorbed and are transmitted in the fiber cladding.
根据本发明提供的具体实施例，本发明公开了以下技术效果：中红外可饱和吸收体包括吸收体泵浦源和吸收体光纤，中红外可饱和吸收体基于吸收体光纤中激活离子的激发态吸收效应实现，通过调节吸收体泵浦源产生的吸收体泵浦光，即可实现调制参数的在线调谐。并基于光纤基中红外可饱和吸收体提出一种全光纤中红外脉冲激光器，实现了全光纤集成，提高了激光器的稳定性。According to the specific embodiments provided by the present invention, the present invention discloses the following technical effects: the mid-infrared saturable absorber includes an absorber pump source and an absorber optical fiber. The mid-infrared saturable absorber is realized based on the excited state absorption effect of activated ions in the absorber optical fiber. By adjusting the absorber pump light generated by the absorber pump source, the modulation parameters can be tuned online. Based on the optical fiber-based mid-infrared saturable absorber, an all-fiber mid-infrared pulse laser is proposed, which realizes all-fiber integration and improves the stability of the laser.
附图说明BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施例中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.
图1为本发明中红外可饱和吸收体的结构示意图；FIG1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a mid-infrared saturable absorber according to the present invention;
图2为光纤基中红外可饱和吸收体的能级示意图；FIG2 is a schematic diagram of the energy levels of a fiber-based mid-infrared saturable absorber;
图3为全光纤中红外脉冲激光器的第一种结构示意图；FIG3 is a schematic diagram of a first structure of an all-fiber mid-infrared pulse laser;
图4为全光纤中红外脉冲激光器的第二种结构示意图。FIG4 is a schematic diagram of a second structure of an all-fiber mid-infrared pulse laser.
符号说明：Explanation of symbols:
主泵浦源-1，光纤基中红外可饱和吸收体-2，吸收体泵浦源-21，吸收体合束器-22，吸收体光纤-23，主合束器-3，光纤光栅对-4，高反光纤光栅-41，低反光纤光栅-42，主掺杂光纤-5，包层光滤除器-6。Main pump source-1, fiber-based mid-infrared saturable absorber-2, absorber pump source-21, absorber combiner-22, absorber fiber-23, main combiner-3, fiber grating pair-4, high-reflection fiber grating-41, low-reflection fiber grating-42, main doped fiber-5, cladding light filter-6.
具体实施方式DETAILED DESCRIPTION
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.
本发明的目的是提供一种中红外可饱和吸收体及全光纤中红外脉冲激光器，中红外可饱和吸收体基于吸收体光纤中激活离子的激发态吸收效应实现，通过调节吸收体泵浦源产生的吸收体泵浦光，即可实现调制参数的在线调谐。并基于光纤基中红外可饱和吸收体提出一种全光纤中红外脉冲激光器，实现了全光纤集成，提高了激光器的稳定性。The purpose of the present invention is to provide a mid-infrared saturable absorber and an all-fiber mid-infrared pulse laser. The mid-infrared saturable absorber is realized based on the excited state absorption effect of activated ions in the absorber fiber. By adjusting the absorber pump light generated by the absorber pump source, the modulation parameters can be tuned online. Based on the fiber-based mid-infrared saturable absorber, an all-fiber mid-infrared pulse laser is proposed, which realizes all-fiber integration and improves the stability of the laser.
为使本发明的上述目的、特征和优点能够更加明显易懂，下面结合附图和具体实施方式对本发明作进一步详细的说明。In order to make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and easy to understand, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
如图1所示，本发明中红外可饱和吸收体包括吸收体泵浦源21及吸收体光纤23。具体地，所述中红外可饱和吸收体为光纤基中红外可饱和吸收体。As shown in Fig. 1, the mid-infrared saturable absorber of the present invention comprises an absorber pump source 21 and an absorber optical fiber 23. Specifically, the mid-infrared saturable absorber is an optical fiber-based mid-infrared saturable absorber.
所述吸收体泵浦源21用于产生吸收体泵浦光。The absorber pump source 21 is used to generate absorber pump light.
所述吸收体光纤23具有激活离子，所述激活离子位于基能级。所述吸收体光纤23与所述吸收体泵浦源21连接，所述吸收体光纤23用于接收所述吸收体泵浦光和待调制激光。优选地，所述吸收体光纤23为中红外掺杂光纤。吸收体光纤23的掺杂离子的激发态吸收的吸收谱覆盖了待调制激光的波长λ3。The absorber fiber 23 has activated ions, and the activated ions are at the base energy level. The absorber fiber 23 is connected to the absorber pump source 21, and the absorber fiber 23 is used to receive the absorber pump light and the laser to be modulated. Preferably, the absorber fiber 23 is a mid-infrared doped fiber. The absorption spectrum of the excited state absorption of the doped ions of the absorber fiber 23 covers the wavelength λ3 of the laser to be modulated.
在所述吸收体泵浦光的作用下，所述吸收体光纤23的部分初始激活离子从基能级被泵浦至激发能级，得到第一激活离子，并在所述第一激活离子的激发态吸收效应的作用下对所述待调制激光进行调制。Under the action of the absorber pump light, some initial activated ions of the absorber optical fiber 23 are pumped from the base energy level to the excitation energy level to obtain first activated ions, and the laser to be modulated is modulated under the action of the excited state absorption effect of the first activated ions.
进一步地，所述中红外可饱和吸收体还包括吸收体合束器22。所述吸收体合束器22分别与所述吸收体泵浦源21及所述吸收体光纤23连接，所述吸收体合束器22用于将所述吸收体泵浦光及待调制激光发送至所述吸收体光纤23。此外，所述吸收体合束器22也可为吸收体波分复用器，具体由纤芯泵浦或包层泵浦方式决定。Furthermore, the mid-infrared saturable absorber further includes an absorber combiner 22. The absorber combiner 22 is connected to the absorber pump source 21 and the absorber optical fiber 23 respectively, and the absorber combiner 22 is used to send the absorber pump light and the laser to be modulated to the absorber optical fiber 23. In addition, the absorber combiner 22 can also be an absorber wavelength division multiplexer, which is specifically determined by the core pumping or cladding pumping method.
吸收体光纤23中的掺杂离子能级简化图如图2所示。吸收体泵浦源21输出的吸收体泵浦光的波长为λ2。吸收体泵浦光通过吸收体合束器22进入吸收体光纤23，被吸收体光纤23内的部分激活离子吸收。这部分激活离子从基能级E1被泵浦至第一激发能级E2(如图2中过程a所示)。A simplified diagram of the doped ion energy levels in the absorber fiber 23 is shown in FIG2 . The wavelength of the absorber pump light output by the absorber pump source 21 is λ2 . The absorber pump light enters the absorber fiber 23 through the absorber combiner 22 and is absorbed by some of the activated ions in the absorber fiber 23. These activated ions are pumped from the base energy level E1 to the first excitation energy level E2 (as shown in process a in FIG2 ).
当第一激发能级E2与第二激发能级E3之间的跃迁对应的波长范围覆盖待调制激光的波长λ3时，吸收体光纤23将吸收待调制激光(一个处于第一激发能级E2的离子可以吸收一个波长为λ3的光子，如图2中过程b所示)。When the wavelength range corresponding to the transition between the first excitation energy levelE2 and the second excitation energy levelE3 covers the wavelengthλ3 of the laser to be modulated, the absorber fiber 23 will absorb the laser to be modulated (an ion at the first excitation energy levelE2 can absorb a photon with a wavelength ofλ3 , as shown in process b in Figure 2).
该吸收过程具有“可饱和”的特点：功率高的激光可将吸收体光纤23“漂白(吸收率下降，通过率上升)”而吸收率很低，功率低的激光通过吸收体光纤23时，吸收体光纤23对其的吸收率很高。因而，当待调制激光通过吸收体光纤23时，待调制激光时域上功率较弱的部分由于吸收率高，该部分激光损耗大；而待调制激光时域上功率较强的部分由于吸收率低，该部分激光损耗小。因而该可饱和吸收过程可对待调制激光进行调制。This absorption process has the characteristic of "saturation": high-power laser can "bleach" the absorber fiber 23 (absorption rate decreases, and the passing rate increases) and the absorption rate is very low. When the low-power laser passes through the absorber fiber 23, the absorption rate of the absorber fiber 23 is very high. Therefore, when the laser to be modulated passes through the absorber fiber 23, the part of the laser to be modulated with a weaker power in the time domain has a large laser loss due to the high absorption rate; while the part of the laser to be modulated with a stronger power in the time domain has a small laser loss due to the low absorption rate. Therefore, this saturable absorption process can modulate the laser to be modulated.
调节吸收体泵浦源输出的吸收体泵浦光λ2的功率，将使吸收体光纤23内被泵浦至第一激发能级E2上的激活离子的数量发生改变，从而导致吸收体光纤23对待调制激光的调制能力发生变化，即可实现调制参数(调制深度和/或恢复时间)的在线调谐。Adjusting the power of the absorber pump light λ2 output by the absorber pump source will change the number of activated ions pumped to the first excitation energy level E2 in the absorber optical fiber 23, thereby causing the modulation ability of the absorber optical fiber 23 to change to the modulated laser, thereby achieving online tuning of the modulation parameters (modulation depth and/or recovery time).
光纤基中红外可饱和吸收体2的两端均可与其他光纤和器件通过熔接方式连接，便于实现全光纤化，且可通过调节其泵浦功率来实现调制参数的在线调谐。光纤基中红外可饱和吸收体2本身是一段加了泵浦光的掺杂光纤，改变该掺杂光纤的泵浦功率可以实现调制参数的在线调谐。与同类产品相比，本发明具有可全光纤集成、调制参数可在线调谐等明显优势。Both ends of the fiber-based mid-infrared saturable absorber 2 can be connected to other optical fibers and devices by fusion splicing, which is convenient for achieving full fiberization, and the modulation parameters can be tuned online by adjusting its pump power. The fiber-based mid-infrared saturable absorber 2 itself is a section of doped optical fiber with pump light added. Changing the pump power of the doped optical fiber can achieve online tuning of the modulation parameters. Compared with similar products, the present invention has obvious advantages such as full fiber integration and online tuning of modulation parameters.
如图3所示，本发明全光纤中红外脉冲激光器包括：主泵浦源1、光纤光栅对4、主掺杂光纤5以及上述的光纤基中红外可饱和吸收体2。As shown in FIG3 , the all-fiber mid-infrared pulse laser of the present invention comprises: a main pump source 1 , a fiber grating pair 4 , a main doped fiber 5 , and the above-mentioned fiber-based mid-infrared saturable absorber 2 .
其中，所述主泵浦源1用于产生主泵浦光。所述主泵浦光的波长为λ1。根据主激光波长的不同，主泵浦源1可以为单波长泵浦源，也可以是具有多个波长的激光器，或者由多个相同或不同工作波长的激光器合束得到。The main pump source 1 is used to generate main pump light. The wavelength of the main pump light is λ1 . Depending on the wavelength of the main laser, the main pump source 1 can be a single-wavelength pump source, or a laser with multiple wavelengths, or a combination of multiple lasers with the same or different working wavelengths.
所述光纤光栅对4包括高反光纤光栅41及低反光纤光栅42。所述高反光纤光栅41与所述主泵浦源1连接。具体地，光纤光栅对4的工作波长为主激光波长λ3，亦即该激光器的设计波长。The fiber grating pair 4 includes a high-reflection fiber grating 41 and a low-reflection fiber grating 42. The high-reflection fiber grating 41 is connected to the main pump source 1. Specifically, the working wavelength of the fiber grating pair 4 is the main laser wavelength λ3 , that is, the design wavelength of the laser.
所述主掺杂光纤5与所述高反光纤光栅41连接，所述主掺杂光纤5具有激活离子，所述激活离子以受激吸收的形式吸收所述主泵浦光，并以受激辐射的形式发射光(即，放大的自发辐射)，发射波长为一个范围，该范围包含主激光波长。优选地，所述主掺杂光纤5为中红外掺杂光纤。所述主掺杂光纤5掺杂离子的发射谱覆盖了主激光波长λ3。The main doped fiber 5 is connected to the high-reflection fiber grating 41, and the main doped fiber 5 has activated ions, which absorb the main pump light in the form of stimulated absorption and emit light in the form of stimulated radiation (i.e., amplified spontaneous radiation), and the emission wavelength is a range, which includes the main laser wavelength. Preferably, the main doped fiber 5 is a mid-infrared doped fiber. The emission spectrum of the doped ions in the main doped fiber 5 covers the main laser wavelength λ3 .
所述高反光纤光栅41用于对所述主掺杂光纤发射的光选频，得到第一选频激光，并将所述第一选频激光反射至所述主掺杂光纤5。The high-reflection fiber grating 41 is used to select the frequency of the light emitted by the main doped optical fiber to obtain a first frequency-selected laser, and reflect the first frequency-selected laser to the main doped optical fiber 5 .
所述光纤基中红外可饱和吸收体2与所述主掺杂光纤5连接，所述光纤基中红外可饱和吸收体2用于对所述主掺杂光纤发射的光进行调制，得到调制激光。The fiber-based mid-infrared saturable absorber 2 is connected to the main doped optical fiber 5 , and the fiber-based mid-infrared saturable absorber 2 is used to modulate the light emitted by the main doped optical fiber to obtain modulated laser light.
所述低反光纤光栅42与所述光纤基中红外可饱和吸收体2连接，所述低反光纤光栅42用于对所述调制激光进行进一步选频，得到第二选频激光，并将部分第二选频激光反射至所述主掺杂光纤5，将部分第二选频激光透射输出。由于所述高反光纤光栅与低反光纤光栅在工作波长和带宽上是匹配的，因此两者的选频效果是一致的，实现特定波长的激光输出。The low-reflection fiber grating 42 is connected to the fiber-based mid-infrared saturable absorber 2, and the low-reflection fiber grating 42 is used to further select the frequency of the modulated laser to obtain a second frequency-selected laser, and reflect part of the second frequency-selected laser to the main doped fiber 5, and transmit part of the second frequency-selected laser for output. Since the high-reflection fiber grating and the low-reflection fiber grating are matched in working wavelength and bandwidth, the frequency selection effects of the two are consistent, and laser output of a specific wavelength is achieved.
主掺杂光纤5发射的光在高反光纤光栅41与低反光纤光栅42构成的谐振腔内来回振荡，直至低反光纤光栅42透射输出的激光达到稳态。达到稳态时，低反光纤光栅42透射输出的激光即为主激光。The light emitted by the main doped fiber 5 oscillates back and forth in the resonant cavity formed by the high-reflection fiber grating 41 and the low-reflection fiber grating 42 until the laser outputted by the low-reflection fiber grating 42 reaches a steady state. When the steady state is reached, the laser outputted by the low-reflection fiber grating 42 is the main laser.
进一步地，所述全光纤中红外脉冲激光器还包括主合束器3。所述主合束器3分别与所述主泵浦源1及所述高反光纤光栅连接，所述主合束器3用于将所述主泵浦光传输至所述高反光纤光栅。具体地，主合束器3由纤芯泵浦或包层泵浦方式决定选型。Furthermore, the all-fiber mid-infrared pulse laser further includes a main beam combiner 3. The main beam combiner 3 is connected to the main pump source 1 and the high-reflection fiber Bragg grating, respectively, and is used to transmit the main pump light to the high-reflection fiber Bragg grating. Specifically, the main beam combiner 3 is selected based on the core pumping or cladding pumping method.
更进一步地，所述全光纤中红外脉冲激光器还包括包层光滤除器6。所述包层光滤除器6与所述低反光纤光栅连接，所述包层光滤除器6用于滤除所述光纤包层中的光。包层光滤除器6保证了激光器输出的激光中不含包层光成分。当激光在谐振腔中往返振荡一定周期后，最终达到动态平衡，该激光器输出端即可输出稳定的中红外脉冲激光。Furthermore, the all-fiber mid-infrared pulse laser further includes a cladding light filter 6. The cladding light filter 6 is connected to the low-reflection fiber grating, and the cladding light filter 6 is used to filter out the light in the fiber cladding. The cladding light filter 6 ensures that the laser output by the laser does not contain cladding light components. After the laser oscillates back and forth in the resonant cavity for a certain period, it eventually reaches a dynamic balance, and the output end of the laser can output a stable mid-infrared pulse laser.
在光纤光栅对4的选频作用下，波长λ3处的光子在光纤光栅对4构成的谐振腔内来回往返，激光的光子数不断增长，进而使激光的功率被放大，同时被光纤基中红外可饱和吸收体2所调制。主泵浦光源不断地给主掺杂光纤5中的激活离子提供能量，该激活离子不断发生受激辐射，进而激光的功率被不断放大。同时，光纤光栅对4中的低反射率光栅不断将激光输出至腔外，最终，激光器达到动态平衡，腔内功率和输出功率均趋于稳定。此时激光器实现稳定的中红外脉冲激光输出。Under the frequency selection effect of the fiber grating pair 4, the photons at wavelength λ3 go back and forth in the resonant cavity formed by the fiber grating pair 4, and the number of laser photons continues to increase, thereby amplifying the power of the laser, and at the same time being modulated by the fiber-based mid-infrared saturable absorber 2. The main pump light source continuously provides energy to the activated ions in the main doped fiber 5, and the activated ions continuously undergo stimulated radiation, thereby continuously amplifying the power of the laser. At the same time, the low-reflectivity grating in the fiber grating pair 4 continuously outputs the laser to the outside of the cavity. Finally, the laser reaches a dynamic balance, and both the intracavity power and the output power tend to be stable. At this time, the laser achieves stable mid-infrared pulse laser output.
此外，光纤基中红外可饱和吸收体2和主掺杂光纤5的位置可互换。Furthermore, the positions of the fiber-based mid-infrared saturable absorber 2 and the main doped fiber 5 may be interchanged.
所述全光纤中红外脉冲激光器可为环型腔结构。当为环形腔结构时，本领域的一般技术人员清楚，谐振腔的样式将与图3所示方案的谐振腔结构不同。The all-fiber mid-infrared pulse laser may be a ring cavity structure. When it is a ring cavity structure, it is clear to those skilled in the art that the pattern of the resonant cavity will be different from the resonant cavity structure of the scheme shown in FIG. 3 .
在不造成主掺杂光纤5和吸收体光纤23中的掺杂离子相互影响的前提下，可取消光纤基中红外可饱和吸收体2的吸收体合束器22，此时吸收体泵浦源21输出的激光改由主合束器3的尾纤注入激光器中，如图4所示。Under the premise that the doped ions in the main doped fiber 5 and the absorber fiber 23 do not affect each other, the absorber combiner 22 of the fiber-based mid-infrared saturable absorber 2 can be eliminated. At this time, the laser output by the absorber pump source 21 is injected into the laser through the pigtail of the main combiner 3, as shown in FIG4 .
本发明全光纤中红外脉冲激光器包括：主泵浦源1、上述的光纤基中红外可饱和吸收体2、主合束器3、光纤光栅对4及主掺杂光纤5。The all-fiber mid-infrared pulse laser of the present invention comprises: a main pump source 1, the above-mentioned fiber-based mid-infrared saturable absorber 2, a main beam combiner 3, a fiber grating pair 4 and a main doped fiber 5.
所述主泵浦源1用于产生主泵浦光。根据主激光波长的不同，主泵浦源1可以为单波长泵浦源，也可以是具有多个波长的激光器，或者由多个相同或不同工作波长的激光器合束得到。The main pump source 1 is used to generate main pump light. Depending on the wavelength of the main laser, the main pump source 1 can be a single-wavelength pump source, or a laser with multiple wavelengths, or a combination of multiple lasers with the same or different working wavelengths.
所述光纤光栅对4包括高反光纤光栅41及低反光纤光栅42。The fiber Bragg grating pair 4 includes a high-reflection fiber Bragg grating 41 and a low-reflection fiber Bragg grating 42 .
所述主合束器3分别与所述主泵浦源1、所述光纤基中红外可饱和吸收体2的吸收体泵浦源21及所述高反光纤光栅41连接。所述主合束器3用于将所述主泵浦光及吸收体泵浦光传输至所述高反光纤光栅41。The main beam combiner 3 is respectively connected to the main pump source 1, the absorber pump source 21 of the fiber-based mid-infrared saturable absorber 2 and the high-reflection fiber grating 41. The main beam combiner 3 is used to transmit the main pump light and the absorber pump light to the high-reflection fiber grating 41.
所述主掺杂光纤5与所述高反光纤光栅41连接，所述主掺杂光纤5具有激活离子，所述激活离子以受激吸收的形式吸收所述主泵浦光，并通过受激辐射的形式发射光(即，放大的自发辐射)，发射波长为一个范围，该范围包含主激光波长。The main doped fiber 5 is connected to the high-reflection fiber grating 41, and the main doped fiber 5 has activated ions. The activated ions absorb the main pump light in the form of stimulated absorption and emit light (i.e., amplified spontaneous radiation) in the form of stimulated radiation. The emission wavelength is a range that includes the main laser wavelength.
所述高反光纤光栅41用于对所述主掺杂光纤5发射的光进行选频，得到第一选频激光，并将第一选频激光反射至主掺杂光纤5。The high-reflection fiber grating 41 is used to perform frequency selection on the light emitted by the main doped optical fiber 5 to obtain a first frequency-selected laser, and reflect the first frequency-selected laser to the main doped optical fiber 5 .
所述光纤基中红外可饱和吸收体2的吸收体光纤23与所述主掺杂光纤5连接，所述吸收体光纤23用于对所述主掺杂光纤发射的光进行调制，得到调制激光。The absorber fiber 23 of the fiber-based mid-infrared saturable absorber 2 is connected to the main doped fiber 5 , and the absorber fiber 23 is used to modulate the light emitted by the main doped fiber to obtain modulated laser light.
所述低反光纤光栅42与所述吸收体光纤23连接，所述低反光纤光栅42用于对所述调制激光进一步选频，得到第二选频激光，并将部分第二选频激光反射至所述主掺杂光纤5，将部分第二选频激光透射输出。由于所述高反光纤光栅与低反光纤光栅在工作波长和带宽上是匹配的，因此两者的选频效果是一致的。在第二选频激光达到稳态后，低反光纤光栅透射输出的激光为主激光。The low-reflection fiber grating 42 is connected to the absorber fiber 23, and is used to further select the frequency of the modulated laser to obtain a second frequency-selected laser, and reflect part of the second frequency-selected laser to the main doped fiber 5, and transmit and output part of the second frequency-selected laser. Since the high-reflection fiber grating and the low-reflection fiber grating are matched in working wavelength and bandwidth, the frequency selection effects of the two are consistent. After the second frequency-selected laser reaches a steady state, the laser transmitted and output by the low-reflection fiber grating is the main laser.
进一步地，所述全光纤中红外脉冲激光器还包括包层光滤除器6。所述包层光滤除器6与所述低反光纤光栅42连接，所述包层光滤除器6用于将在光纤包层中传输的未被完全吸收的主泵浦光和吸收体泵浦光滤除，得到中红外脉冲激光。Furthermore, the all-fiber mid-infrared pulse laser further includes a cladding light filter 6. The cladding light filter 6 is connected to the low-reflection fiber grating 42, and the cladding light filter 6 is used to filter out the main pump light and absorber pump light that are not completely absorbed and transmitted in the fiber cladding to obtain a mid-infrared pulse laser.
此时的激光器亦可为环型腔结构。吸收体光纤23和主掺杂光纤5的位置可互换。The laser in this case may also be a ring cavity structure. The positions of the absorber fiber 23 and the main doped fiber 5 may be interchangeable.
由于光纤基中红外可饱和吸收体2实质上是一段加了泵浦光的掺杂光纤，可以很方便地通过熔接与其他部件实现整个激光器的全光纤化。所以本发明提供的全光纤中红外脉冲激光器能够真正意义上实现全光纤化，全部部件均通过熔接实现连接。而已有的中红外脉冲光纤激光器由于可饱和吸收体或/和其他器件的限制，均存在未实现全光纤化的情况。因而与同类产品相比，本发明的全光纤中红外脉冲激光器的抗震、防潮、寿命、稳定性、可靠性和紧凑度有明显提升。Since the fiber-based mid-infrared saturable absorber 2 is essentially a section of doped fiber with pump light added, it can be easily welded with other components to realize the full fiberization of the entire laser. Therefore, the all-fiber mid-infrared pulse laser provided by the present invention can truly realize full fiberization, and all components are connected by welding. However, due to the limitations of the saturable absorber and/or other devices, the existing mid-infrared pulse fiber lasers have not achieved full fiberization. Therefore, compared with similar products, the shock resistance, moisture resistance, life, stability, reliability and compactness of the all-fiber mid-infrared pulse laser of the present invention are significantly improved.
为了更好的理解本发明的方案，下面结合具体实施例进一步进行说明。In order to better understand the solution of the present invention, it is further described below in conjunction with specific embodiments.
主泵浦源为976nm带尾纤的激光二极管，主合束器为工作波长为976nm的光纤合束器，高反光纤光栅和低反光纤光栅为工作波长为主激光器波长λ3的光纤光栅对，主掺杂光纤是掺铒ZBLAN(Er3+：ZBLAN)光纤。吸收体泵浦源为工作波长为1950nm左右的光纤激光器，吸收体合束器为中红外波分复用器，吸收体掺杂光纤是掺钬ZBLAN(Ho3+：ZBLAN)光纤。光纤光栅对的工作波长λ3(即主激光波长λ3)为2.7-3.0μm中的任意波长。该激光器可实现在波长λ3处的中红外脉冲激光输出。The main pump source is a 976nm laser diode with pigtails, the main combiner is a fiber combiner with an operating wavelength of 976nm, the high-reflection fiber grating and the low-reflection fiber grating are fiber grating pairs with an operating wavelength of the main laser wavelength λ3 , and the main doped fiber is erbium-doped ZBLAN (Er3+ : ZBLAN) fiber. The absorber pump source is a fiber laser with an operating wavelength of about 1950nm, the absorber combiner is a mid-infrared wavelength division multiplexer, and the absorber doped fiber is holmium-doped ZBLAN (Ho3+ : ZBLAN) fiber. The operating wavelength λ3 of the fiber grating pair (i.e., the main laser wavelength λ3 ) is any wavelength in the range of 2.7-3.0μm. The laser can achieve mid-infrared pulsed laser output at a wavelength of λ3 .
吸收体泵浦源的输出激光波长实际上可以为1900-2100nm之间的波长，以1950nm最为典型。The output laser wavelength of the absorber pump source can actually be a wavelength between 1900-2100 nm, with 1950 nm being the most typical.
上述实施例的激光器为线型腔结构。也可以为环型腔结构。The laser in the above embodiment has a linear cavity structure, but may also have a ring cavity structure.
本说明书中各个实施例采用递进的方式描述，每个实施例重点说明的都是与其他实施例的不同之处，各个实施例之间相同相似部分互相参见即可。The various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner, and each embodiment focuses on the differences from other embodiments. The same or similar parts between the various embodiments can be referenced to each other.
本文中应用了具体个例对本发明的原理及实施方式进行了阐述，以上实施例的说明只是用于帮助理解本发明的方法及其核心思想；同时，对于本领域的一般技术人员，依据本发明的思想，在具体实施方式及应用范围上均会有改变之处。综上所述，本说明书内容不应理解为对本发明的限制。The principles and implementation methods of the present invention are described in this article using specific examples. The description of the above embodiments is only used to help understand the method and core idea of the present invention. At the same time, for those skilled in the art, according to the idea of the present invention, there will be changes in the specific implementation methods and application scope. In summary, the content of this specification should not be understood as limiting the present invention.
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| CN202210360910.5ACN114725762B (en) | 2022-04-07 | 2022-04-07 | Middle infrared saturable absorber and all-fiber middle infrared pulse laser |
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