CN114709612A - Circularly polarized isoflux radiation antenna and wireless communication system - Google Patents
Circularly polarized isoflux radiation antenna and wireless communication systemDownload PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
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- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
- H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
- H01Q15/02—Refracting or diffracting devices, e.g. lens, prism
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Abstract
Translated fromChinese
Description
Translated fromChinese技术领域technical field
本发明涉及天线通信技术领域，尤其涉及一种圆极化等通量辐射天线及无线通信系统。The present invention relates to the technical field of antenna communication, and in particular, to a circularly polarized equal-flux radiation antenna and a wireless communication system.
背景技术Background technique
目前，天线在无线通信系统中发挥着举足轻重的作用，其性能决定了无线链路的质量和无线信号的覆盖效果。近年来，我国以及全球移动通信技术发展一日千里，5G通信已经逐步商用，更新的下一代通信技术方案也已经在探索研究当中。各界普遍认为更高频段的通信以及卫星通信等新型通信技术将在未来的通信技术中发挥独一无二的作用。At present, the antenna plays an important role in the wireless communication system, and its performance determines the quality of the wireless link and the coverage effect of the wireless signal. In recent years, with the rapid development of mobile communication technology in my country and the world, 5G communication has been gradually commercialized, and newer next-generation communication technology solutions have also been explored and researched. It is widely believed that higher frequency communication and new communication technologies such as satellite communication will play a unique role in future communication technology.
随着使用频率的上升，对不同的应用场景，往往需要有精细化、针对性的设计来满足不同的应用需求。比如在更高频段以及卫星通信场景中，传输路径较远时，路径损耗会对覆盖区域的信号强度产生显著影响，受此影响，普通笔状辐射波束会造成覆盖区域信号强度差别较大，边缘区域通信连接质量下降。因此，为了提升覆盖区域信号均等覆盖，需要设计通信系统满足信号的等通量覆盖。综合考虑覆盖区域以及链路预算，通过对天线辐射波束进行赋形，可以高效地实现等通量覆盖。圆极化辐射可以避免极化损耗，进一步保障通信质量。目前，这类圆极化天线的设计多基于复杂阵列模型或者反射面技术实现，大多面临着尺寸大、结构复杂、波束外抑制度较差等问题。As the frequency of use increases, refined and targeted designs are often required for different application scenarios to meet different application requirements. For example, in higher frequency bands and satellite communication scenarios, when the transmission path is far away, the path loss will have a significant impact on the signal strength of the coverage area. Affected by this, the ordinary pen-shaped radiation beam will cause a large difference in the signal strength of the coverage area, and the edge The quality of the regional communication connection is degraded. Therefore, in order to improve the equal coverage of the signal in the coverage area, it is necessary to design the communication system to satisfy the equal flux coverage of the signal. Considering the coverage area and link budget comprehensively, by shaping the antenna radiation beam, equal flux coverage can be efficiently achieved. Circularly polarized radiation can avoid polarization loss and further ensure communication quality. At present, the designs of such circularly polarized antennas are mostly based on complex array models or reflector technology, and most of them face problems such as large size, complex structure, and poor out-of-beam suppression.
有鉴于此，有必要提出对目前圆极化天线的结构进行进一步的改进。In view of this, it is necessary to propose further improvements to the structure of the current circularly polarized antenna.
发明内容SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
为解决上述至少一技术问题，本发明的主要目的是提供一种圆极化等通量辐射天线及无线通信系统。In order to solve at least one of the above technical problems, the main purpose of the present invention is to provide a circularly polarized iso-flux radiating antenna and a wireless communication system.
为实现上述目的，本发明采用的一个技术方案为：提供一种圆极化等通量辐射天线包括：馈电网络、介质基板、地板、馈源及介质透镜，所述介质基板与所述地板叠置，所述馈电网络设置于所述介质基板远离地板的一侧，用于将接收信号均匀分成至少两路信号并进行有序馈电，相邻信号的相位差为90°；所述馈源设置于所述地板远离所述介质基板的一侧，且所述馈源与所述馈电网络连接，用于将至少两路馈电信号合成为圆极化信号并发出圆极化电磁波；所述介质透镜设置于所述地板且罩设所述馈源，所述介质透镜远离所述地板的一侧为圆极化电磁波的出射方向，所述介质透镜用于对圆极化电磁波的相位进行调节，在介质透镜口径场面上的场分布满足对应的近场分布，以实现圆极化等通量辐射波束赋形。In order to achieve the above object, a technical solution adopted by the present invention is to provide a circularly polarized isoflux radiation antenna including: a feed network, a dielectric substrate, a floor, a feed source and a dielectric lens, the dielectric substrate and the floor stacking, the feeding network is arranged on the side of the dielectric substrate away from the floor, and is used to evenly divide the received signal into at least two signals and perform orderly feeding, and the phase difference between adjacent signals is 90°; the The feed source is arranged on the side of the floor away from the dielectric substrate, and the feed source is connected to the feed network for synthesizing at least two feed signals into circularly polarized signals and emitting circularly polarized electromagnetic waves ; The dielectric lens is arranged on the floor and covers the feed, the side of the dielectric lens away from the floor is the outgoing direction of the circularly polarized electromagnetic wave, and the dielectric lens is used for the transmission of the circularly polarized electromagnetic wave. The phase is adjusted, and the field distribution on the aperture surface of the dielectric lens satisfies the corresponding near-field distribution, so as to achieve circularly polarized isoflux radiation beamforming.
其中，所述介质透镜包括呈圆柱的座体，以及与所述座体连接且呈半球状的介质体，所述座体远离所述介质体的一端与所述地板抵接，所述介质体远离所述座体的一侧形成有凹口。Wherein, the dielectric lens includes a cylindrical seat body, and a hemispherical dielectric body connected to the seat body, the end of the seat body away from the medium body is in contact with the floor, and the A notch is formed on the side away from the seat body.
其中，所述座体的直径为天线工作频率的1.45波长，高度在天线工作频率的0.5波长-1.0波长之间，所述座体的高度与凹口的深度比值为0.7-1.1之间；所述介质体的直径为天线工作频率的1.45波长，高度为天线工作频率的0.54波长。Wherein, the diameter of the base is 1.45 wavelengths of the working frequency of the antenna, the height is between 0.5 wavelengths-1.0 wavelengths of the working frequency of the antenna, and the ratio of the height of the base to the depth of the notch is between 0.7-1.1; The diameter of the dielectric body is 1.45 wavelengths of the working frequency of the antenna, and the height is 0.54 wavelengths of the working frequency of the antenna.
其中，所述介质透镜的材质为聚四氟乙烯材质。Wherein, the material of the dielectric lens is polytetrafluoroethylene.
其中，所述馈源包括天线单元，及围设于所述天线单元周侧的环形金属结构。Wherein, the feed source includes an antenna unit and a ring-shaped metal structure surrounding the antenna unit.
其中，所述天线单元为贴片天线或喇叭天线。Wherein, the antenna unit is a patch antenna or a horn antenna.
其中，所述馈电网络为威尔金斯功分器组成的一分四网络，用于将接收信号均分成四等份。Wherein, the feeding network is a one-to-four network composed of Wilkins power dividers, which is used to equally divide the received signal into four equal parts.
其中，所述介质基板为罗杰斯板。Wherein, the dielectric substrate is a Rogers board.
为实现上述目的，本发明采用的另一个技术方案为：提供一种无线通信系统，包括上述的圆极化等通量辐射天线。In order to achieve the above object, another technical solution adopted by the present invention is to provide a wireless communication system, including the above-mentioned circularly polarized iso-flux radiation antenna.
本发明的技术方案通过介质透镜结构，能够控制辐射口径电磁波分布情况，实现等通量辐射波束，同时具有一定的波束空间选择特性，抑制波束外干扰；通过将馈源加载于介质内部，提高集成度，降低天线整体尺寸实现集成安装；通过馈电网络及馈源，采用序列馈电技术能够实现大空间角度范围内的低交叉极化辐射。通过上述实施例的实施，本方案实现了紧凑型圆极化等通量辐射波束赋形，还具有结构紧凑且简单，波束外具有空间截止能力等优点。The technical scheme of the present invention can control the electromagnetic wave distribution of the radiation aperture through the dielectric lens structure, realize the equal flux radiation beam, and at the same time have a certain beam space selection characteristic to suppress the interference outside the beam; by loading the feed inside the medium, the integration is improved. It can reduce the overall size of the antenna to achieve integrated installation; through the feed network and feed source, the sequence feeding technology can achieve low cross-polarization radiation in a large spatial angle range. Through the implementation of the above embodiments, the solution realizes compact circularly polarized isoflux radiation beamforming, and also has the advantages of compact and simple structure, and space cut-off capability outside the beam.
附图说明Description of drawings
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图示出的结构获得其他的附图。In order to explain the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art more clearly, the following briefly introduces the accompanying drawings that need to be used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, the accompanying drawings in the following description are only These are some embodiments of the present invention, and for those of ordinary skill in the art, other drawings can also be obtained according to the structures shown in these drawings without creative efforts.
图1为本发明一实施例圆极化等通量辐射天线的立体结构示意图；FIG. 1 is a schematic three-dimensional structure diagram of a circularly polarized iso-flux radiating antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention;
图2为本发明一实施例圆极化等通量辐射天线的侧视图；2 is a side view of a circularly polarized isoflux radiating antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention;
图3为本发明一实施例圆极化等通量辐射天线的分解结构示意图；3 is a schematic diagram of an exploded structure of a circularly polarized iso-flux radiating antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention;
图4为本发明一实施例圆极化等通量辐射天线中馈电网络的结构示意图；4 is a schematic structural diagram of a feeding network in a circularly polarized iso-flux radiating antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention;
图5为本发明圆极化等通量辐射天线的性能曲线图；Fig. 5 is the performance curve diagram of the circularly polarized isoflux radiation antenna of the present invention;
图6为本发明圆极化等通量辐射天线的右旋极化曲线图；Fig. 6 is the right-handed polarization curve diagram of the circularly polarized isoflux radiating antenna of the present invention;
图7为本发明圆极化等通量辐射天线的左旋极化曲线图；7 is a left-handed polarization curve diagram of a circularly polarized iso-flux radiating antenna of the present invention;
图8为本发明圆极化等通量辐射天线的轴比曲线图。FIG. 8 is an axial ratio curve diagram of the circularly polarized isoflux radiation antenna of the present invention.
本发明目的的实现、功能特点及优点将结合实施例，参照附图做进一步说明。The realization, functional characteristics and advantages of the present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings in conjunction with the embodiments.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明的一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
需要说明，本发明中涉及“第一”、“第二”等的描述仅用于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示其相对重要性或者隐含指明所指示的技术特征的数量。由此，限定有“第一”、“第二”的特征可以明示或者隐含地包括至少一个该特征。另外，各个实施例之间的技术方案可以相互结合，但是必须是以本领域普通技术人员能够实现为基础，当技术方案的结合出现相互矛盾或无法实现时应当认为这种技术方案的结合不存在，也不在本发明要求的保护范围之内。It should be noted that the descriptions involving "first", "second", etc. in the present invention are only for the purpose of description, and should not be understood as indicating or implying their relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of indicated technical features. Thus, a feature delimited with "first", "second" may expressly or implicitly include at least one of that feature. In addition, the technical solutions between the various embodiments can be combined with each other, but must be based on the realization by those of ordinary skill in the art. When the combination of technical solutions is contradictory or cannot be realized, it should be considered that the combination of such technical solutions does not exist. , is not within the scope of protection required by the present invention.
区别于现有技术中的圆极化天线的设计多基于复杂阵列模型或者反射面技术实现，大多面临着尺寸大、结构复杂、波束外抑制度较差等问题，本发明提供了一种圆极化等通量辐射天线，能够实现圆极化等通量波束赋形，还具有结构简单、波束赋形性能良好，波束外抑制作用明显等优点，能够满足无线通信系统对覆盖区域相等或者近似相等信号强度覆盖的需求。该圆极化等通量辐射天线的具体结构请参照下述的实施例。Different from the design of the circularly polarized antenna in the prior art, which is mostly realized based on the complex array model or the reflector technology, and mostly faces the problems of large size, complex structure, and poor out-of-beam suppression, the present invention provides a circular polarized antenna. The iso-flux radiating antenna can realize circularly polarized iso-flux beamforming, and also has the advantages of simple structure, good beamforming performance, and obvious out-beam suppression effect, which can meet the requirements of wireless communication systems for equal or approximately equal coverage areas. Signal strength coverage needs. For the specific structure of the circularly polarized isoflux radiation antenna, please refer to the following embodiments.
为了更清楚的描述本方案的实施例，下面结合附图1至3来对圆极化等通量辐射天线的具体结构进行说明。In order to describe the embodiments of this solution more clearly, the specific structure of the circularly polarized isoflux radiation antenna will be described below with reference to FIGS. 1 to 3 .
请参照图1至图3，图1为本发明一实施例圆极化等通量辐射天线的立体结构示意图；图2为本发明一实施例圆极化等通量辐射天线的侧视图；图3为本发明一实施例圆极化等通量辐射天线的分解结构示意图。在本发明实施例中，该圆极化等通量辐射天线包括：馈电网络100、介质基板200、地板300、馈源400及介质透镜500，所述介质基板200与所述地板300叠置，所述馈电网络100设置于所述介质基板200远离地板300的一侧，用于将接收信号均匀分成至少两路信号并进行有序馈电，相邻信号的相位差为90°；所述馈源400设置于所述地板300远离所述介质基板200的一侧，且所述馈源400与所述馈电网络100连接，用于将至少两路馈电信号合成为圆极化信号并发出圆极化电磁波；所述介质透镜500设置于所述地板300且罩设所述馈源400，所述介质透镜500远离所述地板300的一侧为圆极化电磁波的出射方向，所述介质透镜500用于对圆极化电磁波的相位进行调节，在介质透镜500口径场面上的场分布满足介质透镜500口径场面的近场分布，以实现圆极化等通量辐射波束赋形。Please refer to FIGS. 1 to 3. FIG. 1 is a schematic three-dimensional structure diagram of a circularly polarized iso-flux radiating antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 2 is a side view of a circularly polarized iso-flux radiating antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention; 3 is a schematic diagram of an exploded structure of a circularly polarized isoflux radiation antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention. In this embodiment of the present invention, the circularly polarized isoflux radiation antenna includes: a
具体的，馈电网络100设置于介质基板200，且馈电网络100具有至少两个馈电端，介质基板200与地板300叠置，且介质基板200的面积小于地板300的面积，馈源400设置于地板300远离介质基板200的一侧，介质基板200与地板300均具有供馈电端穿出的通孔201，馈电端与馈源400电连接，馈源400可将至少两个馈电端的馈电信号合成为圆极化信号并发出对应的圆极化电磁波。介质透镜500罩设于馈源400，可以对馈源400发出的圆极化电磁波进行调控，在介质透镜500口径场面上的场分布满足对应的近场分布，以实现圆极化等通量辐射波束赋形。Specifically, the
工作时，上述的馈电网络100可以将接收信号或输入信号均分成至少两路信号；至少两路信号通过介质基板200采用有序馈电技术馈入馈源400中，馈源400将至少两路馈电信号合成为圆极化信号并发出圆极化电磁波，最后由介质透镜500对圆极化电磁波进行调控，在介质透镜500口径场面上的场分布满足对应的近场分布，以实现圆极化等通量辐射波束赋形。During operation, the above-mentioned
具体的，所述介质透镜500包括呈圆柱的座体510，以及与所述座体510连接且呈半球状的介质体520，所述座体510远离所述介质体520的一端与所述地板300抵接，所述介质体520远离所述座体510的一侧形成有凹口530。本实施例中，座体510内部中空，馈源400位于座体510的底部。介质透镜500能够对圆极化电磁波的相位进行调节，在介质透镜500口径场面上的场分布满足对应的近场分布，以实现圆极化等通量辐射波束赋形。进一步的，所述座体510的直径为天线工作频率的1.45波长，高度在天线工作频率的0.5波长-1.0波长之间，所述座体高度与凹口的深度比值为0.7-1.1之间，所述介质体520的直径为天线工作频率的1.45波长，高度为天线工作频率的0.54波长。Specifically, the
在一具体的实施例中，所述介质透镜500的材质为聚四氟乙烯材质等热塑介质来实现。介质透镜500的相应的介质尺寸会随着不同介质介电常数的改变而改变。In a specific embodiment, the material of the
进一步的，所述馈源400包括天线单元410，及围设于所述天线单元410周侧的环形金属结构420。天线单元410位于环形金属结构420中间，用于避免馈电信号外溢且能够防止外部信号干扰。进一步的，所述天线单元410为贴片天线或喇叭天线。Further, the
请参照图4，图4为本发明一实施例圆极化等通量辐射天线中馈电网络100的结构示意图。在一实施例中，所述馈电网络100为威尔金斯功分器组成的一分四网络，用于将接收信号均分成四等份。具体的，馈电网络100包括输入端110、第一馈电端121、第二馈电端122、第三馈电端123、第四馈电端124及传输网络130，该输入端110通过传输网络130分别与第一馈电端121、第二馈电端122、第三馈电端123及第四馈电端124连接。第一馈电端121、第二馈电端122、第三馈电端123及第四馈电端124中各路信号的相位相差90度。各馈电端分别通过金属柱与天线单元400电连接。Please refer to FIG. 4 . FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a
其中，所述介质基板200为罗杰斯板RO4003。The
为了更清楚的描述本实施例的方案，下面结合附图图5至图8对圆极化等通量辐射天线的测试性能进行进一步说明。In order to describe the solution of this embodiment more clearly, the test performance of the circularly polarized isoflux radiation antenna is further described below with reference to FIGS. 5 to 8 of the accompanying drawings.
请参照图5，图5为本发明圆极化等通量辐射天线的性能曲线图，由图5可知，本方案的圆极化等通量天线的s11在4.5到6.5GHz的范围内都优于-15dB。请参照图6，图6为本发明圆极化等通量辐射天线的右旋极化曲线图，由图6可知，本方案的圆极化等通量天线在68度的范围内实现了等通量波束覆盖，边际最大增益为6.72dB，副瓣小于-15dB。请参照图7，图7为本发明圆极化等通量辐射天线的左旋极化曲线图，由图7可知，本方案的圆极化等通量天线在150度的范围内，左旋圆极化波小于-25dB。请参照图8，图8为本发明圆极化等通量辐射天线的轴比曲线图，由图8可知，本方案的圆极化等通量天线在145度范围内，轴比小于3dB。Please refer to FIG. 5. FIG. 5 is a performance curve diagram of the circularly polarized isoflux radiation antenna of the present invention. It can be seen from FIG. 5 that the s11 of the circularly polarized isoflux antenna of this solution is excellent in the range of 4.5 to 6.5 GHz. at -15dB. Please refer to FIG. 6. FIG. 6 is a right-handed polarization curve diagram of the circularly polarized isoflux radiating antenna of the present invention. As can be seen from FIG. 6, the circularly polarized isoflux antenna of the present solution realizes the Flux beam coverage with a marginal maximum gain of 6.72dB and side lobes less than -15dB. Please refer to FIG. 7. FIG. 7 is a left-handed polarization curve diagram of the circularly polarized isoflux radiating antenna of the present invention. It can be seen from FIG. The chemical wave is less than -25dB. Please refer to FIG. 8 . FIG. 8 is a graph of the axial ratio of the circularly polarized isoflux radiating antenna of the present invention. As can be seen from FIG. 8 , the circularly polarized isoflux antenna of this scheme has an axial ratio of less than 3dB within a range of 145 degrees.
综上可知，本方案中信号通过馈电网络100馈入后被分为四等份，且每路馈电信号相位相差90度，随后馈电信号采用有序馈电方式馈入馈源400中，然后馈源400发出的电磁波经过介质透镜500的调控，实现辐射相位面的调控，从而实现圆极化等通量波束赋形。该天线结构简单、波束赋形性能良好，波束外抑制作用明显，等通量波束宽度为68度，3dB轴比覆盖范围为145度，能够在C波段频率工作，且可以方便地设计并应用在其他工作频段。To sum up, in this scheme, the signal is divided into four equal parts after being fed through the
在本发明的实施例中，该无线通信系统，包括圆极化等通量辐射天线。该圆极化等通量辐射天线的具体结构请参照上述的实施例，此处不再赘述。由于本方案的无线通信系统应用了上述的圆极化等通量辐射天线，故具有圆极化等通量辐射天线的所有优点和效果。In an embodiment of the present invention, the wireless communication system includes a circularly polarized isoflux radiation antenna. For the specific structure of the circularly polarized iso-flux radiation antenna, please refer to the above-mentioned embodiment, which will not be repeated here. Since the above-mentioned circularly polarized iso-flux radiation antenna is used in the wireless communication system of this solution, it has all the advantages and effects of the circularly polarized iso-flux radiation antenna.
以上所述仅为本发明的优选实施例，并非因此限制本发明的专利范围，凡是在本发明的技术方案构思下，利用本发明说明书及附图内容所作的等效结构变换，或直接/间接运用在其他相关的技术领域均包括在本发明的专利保护范围内。The above descriptions are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Any equivalent structural transformation made by the description and accompanying drawings under the concept of the technical solution of the present invention, or direct/indirect Applications in other related technical fields are included in the scope of patent protection of the present invention.
Claims (9)
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