技术领域Technical Field
本发明为一种残留应力量测方法，特别是有关于一种应用于曲面块材的曲面残留应力的量测方法。The present invention relates to a residual stress measurement method, and in particular to a method for measuring curved surface residual stress applied to curved surface block materials.
背景技术Background technique
随着加工、铸锻件、模具产业朝高值化、高精度与功能性方向发展，工件寿命与破损分析逐渐受到重视，残留应力即为寿命及失效分析重要指标之一。As the processing, casting, forging and mold industries develop towards high value, high precision and functionality, workpiece life and damage analysis are gradually gaining attention, and residual stress is one of the important indicators of life and failure analysis.
残留应力检测方面分为接触式与非破坏检测，常用的接触式残留应力量测以盲孔法为主，随着产品高值化与量测即时化发展，盲孔法已逐渐不适用，故残留应力量测发展将以非破坏量测为主，而非破坏残留应力量测则以X光绕射法为主流，且非破坏量测更能于任何工艺与各使用阶段进行量测，方便进行全面性掌控。但因为采用非接触式量测，故工件载具、材料性质、几何形状、残留应力计算参数均会对量测数据造成影响。Residual stress detection is divided into contact and non-destructive detection. The commonly used contact residual stress measurement is mainly based on the blind hole method. With the development of high-value products and real-time measurement, the blind hole method has gradually become inapplicable. Therefore, the development of residual stress measurement will be mainly based on non-destructive measurement, and non-destructive residual stress measurement is mainly based on X-ray diffraction method. Non-destructive measurement can be measured in any process and at each stage of use, which is convenient for comprehensive control. However, because non-contact measurement is used, the workpiece carrier, material properties, geometric shape, and residual stress calculation parameters will all affect the measurement data.
现阶段残留应力发展主要分为几个方向，残留应力运算模组优化、减少几何影响、残留应力即时量测及可视化等；但却也同时缺少对于曲面形状块材的残留应力量测以及，兼顾曲面形状与携带式的残留应力量测。At present, the development of residual stress is mainly divided into several directions, including optimization of residual stress calculation module, reduction of geometric influence, real-time measurement and visualization of residual stress, etc. However, there is also a lack of residual stress measurement for curved surface block materials and residual stress measurement that takes into account curved surface shape and portability.
另一方面，因应在产品为多曲面几何形状且须达到检测即时化、可视化需求，因此使用携带式检测设备达到现场量测与即时分析需求日渐增高，但此以目前已知技术而言尚存在原始分析模型容易受形状影响，因而容易造成量测误差与数值失真等问题。On the other hand, in response to the need for products with multi-curved geometric shapes and the need for real-time and visual detection, the demand for using portable detection equipment to achieve on-site measurement and real-time analysis is increasing. However, with currently known technologies, the original analysis model is easily affected by the shape, which can easily cause measurement errors and numerical distortion.
另外，本案发明人所有的中国台湾专利证号第TWI669501号“残留应力检测装置及其检测方法”公开了一种针对一曲面且有镀膜的检测件进行表面残留应力的检测计算方法，包括：将检测件固定于检测件载具，并将待检测点调整至最高点；将X射线产生源照射向待检测点；移动检测元件于与X射线的入射方向正交的方向上延伸的路径，并接收检测衍射X射线的强度得到一应变数值；以及通过应力计算模组以应变数值计算出该待检测点的残留应力值。上述所公开的残留应力演算公式乃是利用sin2ψ的残留应力量测法，且应用于曲面镀膜的材料，不适用于曲面块材。In addition, the Taiwan Patent Certificate No. TWI669501 "Residual Stress Detection Device and Detection Method thereof" owned by the inventor of this case discloses a method for detecting and calculating the surface residual stress of a curved and coated test piece, including: fixing the test piece on the test piece carrier, and adjusting the point to be detected to the highest point; irradiating the X-ray generating source to the point to be detected; moving the detection element in a path extending in a direction orthogonal to the incident direction of the X-ray, and receiving and detecting the intensity of the diffracted X-ray to obtain a strain value; and calculating the residual stress value of the point to be detected by the strain value through the stress calculation module. The residual stress calculation formula disclosed above is a residual stress measurement method using sin2 ψ, and is applied to materials with curved coatings, and is not suitable for curved block materials.
发明内容Summary of the invention
本发明的目的在于提供一种曲面块材的残留应力量测方法，应用X-ray光源与侦测器整合的残留应力检测设备，以cosα分析法计算出待检测的曲面最高点的应变值，并将该应变值代入一曲面块材残留应力运算模型，而得到该曲面的残留应力值。The purpose of the present invention is to provide a residual stress measurement method for curved block materials, using a residual stress detection device that integrates an X-ray light source and a detector, and using the cosα analysis method to calculate the strain value of the highest point of the curved surface to be detected, and then substituting the strain value into a curved block residual stress calculation model to obtain the residual stress value of the curved surface.
为达成上述目的，本发明提供一种曲面块材的残留应力量测方法，其步骤包含：定位一曲面块材的一待检测的曲面的曲率最高点作为一待检测点；应用一整合X-ray光源与侦测器的仪器设备，以一X-ray绕射原理进行该待检测点的量测，结合cosα法分析计算出该仪器设备量测的应变值；以及配合该曲面块材的材料性质量测数据，导入下述公式1曲面块材残留应力运算模型，计算出一曲面残留应力：To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present invention provides a residual stress measurement method for a curved block material, the steps of which include: locating a point with the highest curvature of a curved surface to be detected of a curved block material as a point to be detected; using an instrument that integrates an X-ray light source and a detector to measure the point to be detected based on an X-ray diffraction principle, and analyzing and calculating the strain value measured by the instrument in combination with the cosα method; and combining the material property measurement data of the curved block material, importing the following formula 1 curved block material residual stress calculation model to calculate a curved residual stress:
[公式1][Formula 1]
其中，σ：曲面残留应力；Ε：块材的杨氏系数；ε：仪器设备量测的应变值；hb：块材的厚度；κ：曲面最高点的曲率；χ：绕射深度。Wherein, σ: residual stress of the surface; Ε: Young's modulus of the bulk material; ε: strain value measured by the instrument; hb : thickness of the bulk material; κ: curvature of the highest point of the surface; χ: diffraction depth.
前述所应用的cosα法为分析该仪器设备对该待检测点量测在一绕射环α角度范围下的德拜环α角应变值、德拜环－α角应变值、德拜环π+α角应变值及德拜环π－α角应变值等四种应变值，并代入下述公式2而得到该仪器设备量测的应变值：The cosα method used above is to analyze the four strain values of the Debye ring α angle strain value, Debye ring -α angle strain value, Debye ring π+α angle strain value and Debye ring π-α angle strain value measured by the instrument at the point to be tested within a diffraction ring α angle range, and substitute them into the following formula 2 to obtain the strain value measured by the instrument:
[公式2][Formula 2]
其中，ε：该仪器设备量测的应变值，εα：德拜环α角应变值，ε-α：德拜环－α角应变值，επ+α：德拜环π+α角应变值，επ-α：德拜环π－α角应变值。Wherein, ε: strain value measured by the instrument, εα : Debye ring α angle strain value, ε-α : Debye ring - α angle strain value, επ+α : Debye ring π+α angle strain value, επ-α : Debye ring π-α angle strain value.
在一些实施方案中，该仪器设备为整合X-ray光源与侦测器于相对该待检测点的同一侧的仪器设备。In some embodiments, the instrument is an instrument that integrates an X-ray light source and a detector on the same side relative to the point to be detected.
在一些实施方案中，该仪器设备为一携带式仪器设备。In some embodiments, the device is a portable device.
在一些实施方案中，该待检测点的定位方式为配合一曲面固定载台将该曲面块材固定于其上，并于该曲面固定载台校调出该待检测点的位置维持在一水平最高点上。In some embodiments, the point to be detected is positioned by fixing the curved block material thereon with a curved fixed carrier, and adjusting the position of the point to be detected on the curved fixed carrier to maintain it at a horizontal highest point.
在一些实施方案中，该曲面固定载台校具有一受测件放置槽、一锁固器及一水平调整器，该受测件放置槽用以容置该曲面块材，该锁固器用以将该曲面块材锁固于该受测件放置槽中，该水平调整器用以配合该锁固器的紧固力道，将该待检测点维持在一水平最高点位置。In some embodiments, the curved fixed carrier has a test piece placement slot, a locker and a horizontal adjuster. The test piece placement slot is used to accommodate the curved surface block material, the locker is used to lock the curved surface block material in the test piece placement slot, and the horizontal adjuster is used to cooperate with the tightening force of the locker to maintain the point to be tested at a horizontal highest point position.
在一些实施例中，上述的锁固器为一可将先端部螺出或螺入该受测件放置槽一侧壁，以顶抵固定或释放该曲面块材的螺丝结构。In some embodiments, the above-mentioned locking device is a screw structure whose tip end can be screwed out or screwed into a side wall of the test piece placement slot to abut against, fix or release the curved block material.
在一些实施例中，前述的锁固器为一可将先端部螺出或螺入该受测件放置槽槽底，以顶高或放低该曲面块材的螺丝结构。In some embodiments, the aforementioned locking device is a screw structure that can screw the tip end out of or into the bottom of the test piece placement slot to raise or lower the curved surface block.
本发明的至少具有下列特点：本发明提出的量测模型，可适用于曲面形状块材的残留应力量测，以解决现有量测技术无法精准量化曲面块材残留应力等问题。利用本发明所提出的量测模型、固定载台与携带式X光绕射仪整合，以降低量测误差、减少曲面影响因子，有效掌握几何特性，突破残留应力量测点于曲面形状偏移造成的量测误差。因本发明使用应用cosα法的残留应力量测特性，因此在配合携带式设备下，可应用于现场即时量测。The present invention has at least the following characteristics: The measurement model proposed in the present invention can be applied to the residual stress measurement of curved surface block materials to solve the problem that the existing measurement technology cannot accurately quantify the residual stress of curved surface block materials. The measurement model proposed in the present invention, the fixed stage and the portable X-ray diffractometer are integrated to reduce the measurement error, reduce the surface influence factor, effectively grasp the geometric characteristics, and break through the measurement error caused by the offset of the residual stress measurement point on the curved surface shape. Because the present invention uses the residual stress measurement characteristics of the cosα method, it can be applied to on-site real-time measurement in conjunction with portable equipment.
附图说明BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
图1为本发明一实施例的曲面块材的残留应力量测方法的流程图；FIG1 is a flow chart of a method for measuring residual stress of a curved block material according to an embodiment of the present invention;
图2为本发明一实施例的曲面块材的残留应力量测设备的检测方式示意图；FIG2 is a schematic diagram of a detection method of a residual stress measurement device for a curved block material according to an embodiment of the present invention;
图3为本发明一实施例的曲面固定载台定位该曲面块材的立体图；FIG3 is a three-dimensional view of a curved surface fixed stage positioning the curved surface block according to an embodiment of the present invention;
图4为图3的该曲面固定载台放置并定位该曲面块材置的该锁固器与该水平调整器作用于该曲面块材的侧面示意图。4 is a side view of the curved surface fixed platform of FIG. 3 for placing and positioning the curved surface block, and the locking device and the leveling device acting on the curved surface block.
图中：In the figure:
1：曲面块材；11：曲面；111：待检测点；2：仪器设备；21：X-ray光线；22：绕射光线；3：曲面固定载台；31：受测件放置槽；311：侧壁；312：槽底；32：锁固器；33：水平调整器；S11至S13：曲面块材的残留应力量测方法的步骤。1: curved block; 11: curved surface; 111: point to be tested; 2: instrument; 21: X-ray light; 22: diffraction light; 3: curved fixed carrier; 31: test piece placement slot; 311: side wall; 312: slot bottom; 32: locker; 33: level adjuster; S11 to S13: steps of the residual stress measurement method of curved block.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
现配合图式将本发明实施例详细说明如下，其所附图式主要为简化的示意图，仅以示意方式说明本发明的基本结构，因此在该等图式中仅标示与本发明有关的元件，且所显示的元件并非以实施时的数目、形状、尺寸比例等加以绘制，其实际实施时的规格尺寸实为一种选择性的设计，且其元件布局形态有可能更为复杂。The embodiments of the present invention are described in detail with reference to the drawings as follows. The drawings are mainly simplified schematic diagrams, which only illustrate the basic structure of the present invention in a schematic manner. Therefore, only elements related to the present invention are marked in the drawings, and the displayed elements are not drawn in terms of the number, shape, size ratio, etc. during implementation. The specifications and dimensions during actual implementation are actually a selective design, and the element layout may be more complicated.
以下各实施例的说明是参考附加的图式，用以例示本发明可据以实施的特定实施例。本发明所提到的方向用语，例如「上」、「下」、「前」、「后」、「左」、「右」、「内」、「外」、「侧面」等，仅是参考附加图式的方向。因此，使用的方向用语是用以说明及理解本申请，而非用以限制本申请。另外，在说明书中，除非明确地描述为相反的，否则词语“包括”将被理解为意指包括所述元件，但是不排除任何其它元件。The following descriptions of the embodiments are with reference to the attached drawings to illustrate specific embodiments in which the present invention may be implemented. The directional terms mentioned in the present invention, such as "upper", "lower", "front", "back", "left", "right", "inside", "outside", "side", etc., are only with reference to the directions of the attached drawings. Therefore, the directional terms used are used to illustrate and understand the present application, rather than to limit the present application. In addition, in the specification, unless explicitly described to the contrary, the word "comprising" will be understood to mean including the elements described, but not excluding any other elements.
请参照图1及图2所示。本实施例的曲面块材的残留应力量测方法，其步骤包含下列步骤S11至步骤S13：Please refer to Figures 1 and 2. The residual stress measurement method of the curved block material of this embodiment includes the following steps S11 to S13:
步骤S11：定位一曲面块材1的一待检测的曲面11的曲率最高点作为一待检测点111，如图2所示。该曲面块材1可以是具有同一曲率的圆杆型块材，也可以是具有多个曲率表面的块材，若是该曲面块材1为大型块材，则就地架设该仪器设备进行检测，若该曲面块材1尺寸不大，则采用后述的曲面固定载台3，如图3所示，定位之。Step S11: Positioning the highest point of curvature of a curved surface 11 to be tested of a curved surface block 1 as a point to be tested 111, as shown in Figure 2. The curved surface block 1 can be a round rod-shaped block with the same curvature, or a block with multiple curvature surfaces. If the curved surface block 1 is a large block, the instrument equipment is set up on site for testing. If the curved surface block 1 is not large in size, the curved surface fixed carrier 3 described later is used, as shown in Figure 3, to position it.
步骤S12：应用一整合X-ray光源与侦测器(Detector)的仪器设备，以一X-ray绕射(X-ray diffraction)原理，由该X-ray光源对该待检测点照射一X-ray光线21，并由该侦测器接收并量测其绕射光线22，结合cosα法分析计算出该仪器设备量测的应变值ε。Step S12: Using an instrument that integrates an X-ray light source and a detector, based on an X-ray diffraction principle, the X-ray light source irradiates an X-ray beam 21 to the point to be detected, and the detector receives and measures the diffracted beam 22, and the strain value ε measured by the instrument is calculated by combining the cosα method.
步骤S13：配合该曲面块材1的材料性质量测数据，如X-ray光线21的绕射深度χ、块材杨氐系数Ε、块材厚度hb、块材曲面最高点的曲率κ，导入一曲面块材残留应力运算模型，即下述公式1，算得该曲面的曲面残留应力σ：[公式1]Step S13: According to the measured data of the material properties of the curved block 1, such as the diffraction depth χ of the X-ray ray 21, the Young's coefficient Ε of the block, the thicknesshb of the block, and the curvature κ of the highest point of the curved surface, a curved block residual stress calculation model is introduced, that is, the following formula 1, to calculate the curved surface residual stress σ of the curved surface: [Formula 1]
上述cosα法为分析该仪器设备对该待检测点量测在一绕射环α角度范围下于德拜环中对应于德拜环α角、德拜环－α角、德拜环π+α角及德拜环π－α角的四种应变值，代入下述公式2可得到该仪器设备量测的应变值ε；The above cosα method is to analyze the four strain values corresponding to the Debye ring α angle, Debye ring -α angle, Debye ring π+α angle and Debye ring π-α angle measured by the instrument at the point to be tested within a diffraction ring α angle range in the Debye ring. Substituting into the following formula 2, the strain value ε measured by the instrument can be obtained;
[公式2][Formula 2]
其中，εα：德拜环α角应变值，ε-α：德拜环－α角应变值，επ+α：德拜环π+α角应变值，επ-α：德拜环π－α角应变值。Wherein, εα : Debye ring α angle strain value, ε-α : Debye ring -α angle strain value, επ+α : Debye ring π+α angle strain value, επ-α : Debye ring π-α angle strain value.
为了因应现场量测的需求，本发明的仪器设备为整合X-ray光源与侦测器于相对该待检测点的同一侧。甚至可将X-ray光源与侦测器设置于同一机箱内，以利于待测工件现场架设，而达成一残留应力量测的携带式仪器设备。In order to meet the needs of on-site measurement, the instrument of the present invention integrates the X-ray light source and the detector on the same side relative to the point to be tested. The X-ray light source and the detector can even be set up in the same chassis to facilitate on-site installation of the workpiece to be tested, thereby achieving a portable instrument for residual stress measurement.
在一些实施例中，该待检测点的定位方式为配合一曲面固定载台将该曲面块材固定于其上，并于该曲面固定载台校调出该待检测点的位置维持在一水平最高点上。In some embodiments, the positioning method of the point to be detected is to fix the curved surface block thereon with a curved surface fixed carrier, and calibrate the position of the point to be detected on the curved surface fixed carrier to maintain it at a horizontal highest point.
在一些实施例中，该曲面固定载台校具有一受测件放置槽、一锁固器及一水平调整器，该受测件放置槽用以容置该曲面块材，该锁固器用以将该曲面块材锁固于该受测件放置槽中，该水平调整器用以配合该锁固器的紧固力道，将该待检测点维持在一水平最高点位置。In some embodiments, the curved fixed carrier calibration has a test piece placement slot, a locker and a horizontal adjuster. The test piece placement slot is used to accommodate the curved surface block material, the locker is used to lock the curved surface block material in the test piece placement slot, and the horizontal adjuster is used to cooperate with the tightening force of the locker to maintain the point to be tested at a horizontal highest point position.
如图4所示，在一些实施例中，该锁固器为一可将先端部螺出或螺入该受测件放置槽一侧壁311，以顶抵固定或释放该曲面块材的螺丝结构；该水平调整器为一可将先端部螺出或螺入该受测件放置槽槽底312，以顶高或放低该曲面块材的螺丝结构。As shown in Figure 4, in some embodiments, the locker is a screw structure that can screw the tip end out of or into the side wall 311 of the test piece placement groove to support or release the curved block material; the level adjuster is a screw structure that can screw the tip end out of or into the bottom 312 of the test piece placement groove to raise or lower the curved block material.
通过上述该曲面固定载台3的该下凹的受测件放置槽31的设计可快速寻找曲率最高点，例如再将该曲面块材1平行地放置在该受测件放置槽31，先以锁固器32稍微固持住该曲面块材1，即可以该曲面固定载台3顶面为基准，即可以该曲面固定载台3顶面找出该曲面11最高点，再以该水平调整器33顶高该曲面块材1，使抬高该待检测点111，以降低可携式残留应力量测仪器的量测误差，减少曲面影响因子，有效掌握几何特性，突破残留应力量测于曲面形状偏移造成的量测误差。Through the design of the concave test piece placement groove 31 of the above-mentioned curved surface fixed platform 3, the highest point of curvature can be quickly found. For example, the curved surface block 1 is placed parallel to the test piece placement groove 31, and the curved surface block 1 is first slightly fixed by the locker 32. The top surface of the curved surface fixed platform 3 can be used as a reference, that is, the highest point of the curved surface 11 can be found by the top surface of the curved surface fixed platform 3, and then the curved surface block 1 is lifted by the horizontal adjuster 33 to raise the point 111 to be tested, so as to reduce the measurement error of the portable residual stress measuring instrument, reduce the surface influencing factor, effectively grasp the geometric characteristics, and break through the measurement error caused by the residual stress measurement and the curved surface shape offset.
以上所述实施例仅是为充分说明本发明而所举的较佳的实施例，本发明的保护范围不限于此。本技术领域的技术人员在本发明基础上所作的等同替代或变换，均在本发明的保护范围之内。本发明的保护范围以权利要求书为准。The above-described embodiments are only preferred embodiments for fully illustrating the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Equivalent substitutions or changes made by those skilled in the art based on the present invention are within the protection scope of the present invention. The protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the claims.
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202011536393.XACN114659687B (en) | 2020-12-23 | 2020-12-23 | Method for measuring residual stress of curved surface block |
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| CN202011536393.XACN114659687B (en) | 2020-12-23 | 2020-12-23 | Method for measuring residual stress of curved surface block |
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| CN202011536393.XAActiveCN114659687B (en) | 2020-12-23 | 2020-12-23 | Method for measuring residual stress of curved surface block |
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| TW202223373A (en)* | 2020-12-04 | 2022-06-16 | 財團法人金屬工業研究發展中心 | Residual stress measurement method of curved surface bulk |
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