CN114617088A - Breeding method for improving immunity of Babylonia - Google Patents

Abstract

The application discloses a breeding method for improving immunity of Babylonia, which comprises the following steps: (1) preparing a cement culture pond: after the cement culture pond is disinfected, 6-8cm of sea sand is laid, the sea sand is exposed for 1-2 days, finally, seawater is injected, water is changed once every 2-5 days, sand is changed once every 15-20 days, and the top of the cement culture pond is subjected to sun shading treatment; (2) throwing Babylonia larvae: 5-10g/m of feed is put into the culture pond in the step (1)²And 0.5-1g/m of glucose²Vitamin C, then 300-²Culturing the young Babylonia; (3) feeding feed: feeding the mixed feed once every morning, wherein the feeding amount of the mixed feed is 2-5% of the total weight of the Babylonia; feeding the minced fish for one time at night, wherein the feeding amount of the minced fish is 3-4% of the total weight of the Babylonia. The Babylonia breeding method can prevent pathogenic bacteria from infecting Babylonia, promote growth of Babylonia and improve survival rate of Babylonia.

Description

Breeding method for improving immunity of Babylonia

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of aquaculture, in particular to a culture method for improving the immunity of Babylonia.

Background

Babylonia spp is commonly called as Wang snail, Hua snail and Feng snail, is distributed in tropical zone and subtropical zone, and is an economic shellfish inhabiting on carnivorous shallow seabed. The wild Babylonia is greatly harvested to greatly reduce the quantity in nearly ten years, and the harvesting quantity can not meet the market demand, so that the Babylonia is developed into a new type of mariculture. At present, the domestic bred varieties mainly comprise Babylonia areolata and Babylonia mudensis. From the culture variety, the babylonia areolata is the leading variety for Hainan culture, has the advantages of high growth speed, short culture period, delicious meat flavor, rich unsaturated fatty acid content in soft parts, high culture economic value, convenience in transportation and the like, and is popular with farmers and consumers. The cultivating yield of the babylonia lutosa is less.

With the expansion of the scale of Babylonia breeding, the breeding environment is gradually worsened, various outbreak diseases occur frequently, and the development of Babylonia breeding industry is seriously threatened. The pathogens causing the Babylonia orientalis to be attacked reported at present comprise harmful parasitic animals such as polypodia, monosporean, ciliate and the like, bacteria and the like, wherein the most common bacterial diseases mainly including vibrio are common, and huge disasters are brought to the industrial culture of the Babylonia orientalis. Wherein, the vibrio infection mode is mainly through wounds of organs such as skin, digestive tract and the like or direct infection.

Disclosure of Invention

Therefore, the invention aims to provide a culture method for improving the immunity of Babylonia, which can prevent pathogenic bacteria from infecting Babylonia, promote the growth of Babylonia and improve the survival rate of Babylonia.

The technical scheme of the invention is realized as follows:

a culture method for improving the immunity of Babylonia includes the following steps:

(1) preparing a cement culture pond: preparing a cement culture pond: after the cement culture pond is disinfected, 6-8cm of sea sand is laid, the sea sand is exposed for 1-2 days, finally, seawater is injected, water is changed once every 2-5 days, sand is changed once every 15-20 days, and the top of the cement culture pond is subjected to sun shading treatment;

(2) throwing Babylonia larvae: 5-10g/m of feed is put into the culture pond in the step (1)²And 0.5-1g/m of glucose²Vitamin C, and then 300-450 pieces/m²Culturing the young Babylonia; before young Babylonia, glucose and vitamin C are added into the culture pond to supplement the physical strength of the young Babylonia and prevent the stress reaction generated by the replacement environment of the young Babylonia.

(3) Feeding feed: feeding the mixed feed once every morning, wherein the feeding amount of the mixed feed is 2-5% of the total weight of the Babylonia; feeding the minced fish for one time at night, wherein the feeding amount of the minced fish is 3-4% of the total weight of the Babylonia.

The further technical proposal is that the particle size of the sea sand in the step (1) is 0.25-0.5 mm.

The further technical proposal is that the shell height of the Babylonia larvae in the step (2) is between 0.5 and 1.5 cm.

The further technical scheme is that the compound feed comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 15-30 parts of fish meal, 30-45 parts of soybean meal, 35-50 parts of corn starch, 2-7 parts of vegetable oil, 5-10 parts of peanut powder, 0.5-2 parts of monocalcium phosphate, 0.1-0.2 part of additive and 3-5 parts of traditional Chinese medicine extract.

The further technical proposal is that the additive comprises glycosaminoglycan and phosphoramidon, and the weight ratio of the glycosaminoglycan to the phosphoramidon is 5-10: 0.1-0.2.

The further technical scheme is that the traditional Chinese medicine extract comprises Chinese gall extract, liquorice extract and Chinese fevervine herb extract, and the weight ratio of the Chinese gall extract to the liquorice extract to the Chinese fevervine herb extract is 3-4:1-2: 1-2. The preparation method of the gallnut extracting solution comprises the steps of crushing gallnuts, adding 75% ethanol according to the material-liquid ratio of 1:15g/mL, performing ultrasonic extraction for 1h at 25 ℃ and 300w for 3 times, combining the extracting solutions for 3 times, and filtering the extracting solutions through a 0.45um filter membrane to obtain the gallnut extracting solution. The preparation method of the licorice extract comprises the steps of slicing and crushing licorice, adding 50% ethanol according to the material-liquid ratio of 1:10g/mL, carrying out ultrasonic extraction for 90min at 50 ℃ under 180W for 3 times, combining the 3 times of extract, and filtering through a 0.45um filter membrane to obtain the licorice extract. The preparation method of the paederia scandens extract comprises the steps of adding paederia scandens into 40% ethanol according to a material-liquid ratio of 3.6:1, carrying out ultrasonic extraction at 70 ℃ and 200W for 90min for 3 times, combining the 3 times of extract, and filtering through a 0.45-um filter membrane to obtain the paederia scandens extract.

The further technical scheme is that the raw materials of the minced fish comprise, by weight, 10-15 parts of portunus trituberculatus, 40-60 parts of trash fish, 20-30 parts of trash shrimp and 20-40 parts of corn starch; the preparation method of the fish meat paste comprises the steps of beating the shell-removed portunus trituberculatus, the head and tail-removed trash fish and trash shrimps into meat paste, mixing the meat paste with corn starch, and preparing into particles.

The further technical proposal is that the seawater in the culture pond in the step (1) is controlled to have the water temperature of 15-32 ℃, the pH value of 6.8-7.5 and the water depth of 30-80 cm.

Although the growth rate of Babylonia can be improved by controlling the pH value of water in the culture pond to be 8.0-9.0 in the prior art, the Babylonia infection vibriosis rate is high in the environment with the pH value of water being 8.0-9.0, and the Babylonia infection vibriosis rate is remarkably reduced by controlling the pH value to be 6.8-7.5 while the normal growth rate of Babylonia is ensured.

The traditional Chinese medicine extract is put into water in the form of feed, and can directly act on pathogens, inhibit the growth of the pathogens, control or reduce the number of the pathogens, or directly kill the pathogens to control the further deterioration of the disease. The Chinese medicinal extract can also improve the gastrointestinal function and physiological function of Babylonia, and enhance the defense function of Babylonia, thereby improving the immunity and survival rate of Babylonia.

The glycosaminoglycan in the additive has strong inhibiting effect on Vibrio alginolyticus, and the glycosaminoglycan is acidic, so that the growth and reproduction of Vibrio alginolyticus are inhibited. Meanwhile, glycosaminoglycan is polyvalent anion, and can increase the in-vivo K-pair of Babylonia⁺、Na⁺、Ca²⁺、Mg²⁺And the adsorption capacity of the composition improves the nutrient absorption of Babylonia, enhances the immunity of Babylonia, and further improves the survival rate of Babylonia.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:

(1) the water environment for culturing the Babylonia is controlled, so that the normal growth of the Babylonia is guaranteed, and the survival rate of the Babylonia is improved.

(2) Glycosaminoglycan in the additive can inhibit the growth and prevention of vibrio alginolyticus which is pathogenic bacteria of Babylonia, and the glycosaminoglycan and the phosphoramide can synergistically improve the survival rate of Babylonia. The Chinese medicinal extracts of the Chinese gall extract, the liquorice extract and the paederia scandens extract can improve the functions of gastrointestinal tracts and the physiological functions of organisms of Babylonia and enhance the defense function of Babylonia, so that the immunity of Babylonia is improved, and the survival rate of Babylonia is improved. In addition, the gallnut extract, the liquorice extract and the paederia scandens extract improve the water quality, can directly act on pathogens, inhibit the growth of the pathogens, control or reduce the number of the pathogens, and further improve the survival rate of Babylonia.

(3) The mixed feed and the minced fish are mixed for feeding, so that the growth of Babylonia can be promoted, and the average increase of the shell height of Babylonia in 90-day culture is 0.229-0.255 mm.

Detailed Description

For clear and complete description of the technical solutions in the present invention, it is obvious that the inventor combines the embodiments to describe, but the following embodiments describe only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Example 1

A culture method for improving the immunity of Babylonia includes the following steps:

(1) preparing a cement culture pond: preparing a cement culture pond: after the cement culture pond is disinfected, 6cm of sea sand is paved, the cement culture pond is exposed to the sun for 1 day, finally, the sea water is injected, the water is changed once every 2 days, the sand is cleaned and changed once every 15 days, and the top of the cement culture pond is subjected to sun shading treatment;

(2) throwing Babylonia larvae: 5g/m of feed is put into the culture pond in the step (1)²And 0.5g/m of glucose²Vitamin C is added, and then 300/m of vitamin C is added²Culturing the young Babylonia;

(3) feeding feed: feeding the mixed feed once every morning, wherein the feeding amount of the mixed feed is 2 percent of the total weight of the Babylonia; feeding the minced fish for one time at night, wherein the feeding amount of the minced fish is 4 percent of the total weight of the Babylonia.

The particle size of the sea sand in the step (1) is 0.25 mm. Controlling the water temperature of the seawater in the culture pond in the step (1) to be 15 ℃, the pH value to be 6.8 and the water depth to be 30 cm. The shell height of the Babylonia larvae in the step (2) is between 0.5 and 1.5 cm.

The compound feed comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 15 parts of fish meal, 30 parts of bean pulp, 35 parts of corn starch, 2 parts of vegetable oil, 5 parts of peanut powder, 0.5 part of monocalcium phosphate, 0.1 part of additive and 3 parts of traditional Chinese medicine extract.

The additive comprises glycosaminoglycan and phosphoramidine, and the weight ratio of the glycosaminoglycan to the phosphoramidine is 5: 0.1. The traditional Chinese medicine extract comprises a Chinese gall extracting solution, a liquorice extracting solution and a Chinese fevervine extracting solution, wherein the weight ratio of the Chinese gall extracting solution to the liquorice extracting solution to the Chinese fevervine extracting solution is 3:1: 1. The raw materials of the minced fish comprise, by weight, 10 parts of portunus trituberculatus, 40 parts of trash fish, 20 parts of trash shrimp and 20 parts of corn starch; the preparation method of the fish meat paste comprises the steps of beating the shell-removed portunus trituberculatus, the head and tail-removed trash fish and trash shrimps into meat paste, mixing the meat paste with corn starch, and preparing into particles.

Example 2

A breeding method for improving immunity of Babylonia comprises the following steps:

(1) preparing a cement culture pond: preparing a cement culture pond: after the cement culture pond is disinfected, 8cm of sea sand is paved, the cement culture pond is exposed for 2 days, finally, seawater is injected, water is changed once every 5 days, sand is changed once every 20 days, and the top of the cement culture pond is subjected to sun shading treatment;

(2) throwing Babylonia larvae: putting 10g/m into the culture pond in the step (1)²Glucose and 1g/m²Vitamin C, then 450/m²Culturing the young Babylonia;

(3) feeding feed: feeding the mixed feed once every morning, wherein the feeding amount of the mixed feed is 5 percent of the total weight of the Babylonia; feeding the minced fish for one time at night, wherein the feeding amount of the minced fish is 3 percent of the total weight of the Babylonia.

The particle size of the sea sand in the step (1) is 0.5 mm. Controlling the water temperature of the seawater in the culture pond in the step (1) to be 30 ℃ and controlling the water depth to be 70cm at pH7.0. The shell height of the Babylonia larvae in the step (2) is between 0.5 and 1.5 cm.

The compound feed comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 25 parts of fish meal, 40 parts of bean pulp, 45 parts of corn starch, 5 parts of vegetable oil, 8 parts of peanut powder, 1 part of monocalcium phosphate, 0.1 part of additive and 4 parts of traditional Chinese medicine extract.

The additive comprises glycosaminoglycan and phosphoramidine, and the weight ratio of the glycosaminoglycan to the phosphoramidine is 10: 0.2. The traditional Chinese medicine extract comprises a Chinese gall extracting solution, a liquorice extracting solution and a Chinese fevervine extracting solution, wherein the weight ratio of the Chinese gall extracting solution to the liquorice extracting solution to the Chinese fevervine extracting solution is 4:1: 1. The raw materials of the minced fish comprise, by weight, 12 parts of portunus trituberculatus, 50 parts of trash fish, 25 parts of trash shrimp and 25 parts of corn starch; the preparation method of the fish meat paste comprises the steps of beating the shell-removed portunus trituberculatus, the head and the tail of the trash fish and the trash shrimp into the meat paste, mixing the meat paste with the corn starch, and preparing the mixture into particles.

Example 3

A culture method for improving the immunity of Babylonia includes the following steps:

(1) preparing a cement culture pond: preparing a cement culture pond: after the cement culture pond is disinfected, 7cm of sea sand is paved, the cement culture pond is exposed for 2 days, finally, seawater is injected, water is changed once every 4 days, sand is cleaned and changed once every 18 days, and the top of the cement culture pond is subjected to sun shading treatment;

(2) feeding Babylonia larvae: putting 8g/m into the culture pond in the step (1)²Glucose and 0.8g/m²Vitamin C is added in 400/m²Culturing the young Babylonia;

(3) feeding feed: feeding the mixed feed once every morning, wherein the feeding amount of the mixed feed is 3 percent of the total weight of the Babylonia; feeding the minced fish for one time at night, wherein the feeding amount of the minced fish is 3 percent of the total weight of the Babylonia.

The particle size of the sea sand in the step (1) is 0.45 mm. Controlling the water temperature of the seawater in the culture pond in the step (1) to be 32 ℃, the pH value to be 7.5 and the water depth to be 80 cm. The shell height of the young Babylonia in the step (2) is between 0.5 and 1.5 cm.

Replacing the cement culture pond in the step (1) with a high-level pond.

The compound feed comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30 parts of fish meal, 45 parts of soybean meal, 50 parts of corn starch, 7 parts of vegetable oil, 10 parts of peanut powder, 2 parts of monocalcium phosphate, 0.2 part of additive and 5 parts of traditional Chinese medicine extract.

The additive comprises glycosaminoglycan and phosphoramidine, and the weight ratio of the glycosaminoglycan to the phosphoramidine is 5: 0.2. The traditional Chinese medicine extract comprises a Chinese gall extracting solution, a liquorice extracting solution and a Chinese fevervine extracting solution, wherein the weight ratio of the Chinese gall extracting solution to the liquorice extracting solution to the Chinese fevervine extracting solution is 2:1: 1. The raw materials of the minced fish comprise, by weight, 15 parts of portunus trituberculatus, 60 parts of trash fish, 30 parts of trash shrimp and 40 parts of corn starch; the preparation method of the fish meat paste comprises the steps of beating the shell-removed portunus trituberculatus, the head and tail-removed trash fish and trash shrimps into meat paste, mixing the meat paste with corn starch, and preparing into particles.

Comparative example 1

Compared with the embodiment 2, the seawater in the culture pond in the step (1) controls the water temperature to be 30 ℃ and the pH value to be 8.5, and the water depth is 70 cm. The other steps were the same as in example 2.

Comparative example 2

Compared with the example 2, the additive in the compound feed is glycosaminoglycan and does not contain phosphoramidite. The other steps were the same as in example 2.

Comparative example 3

Compared with the example 2, the additive in the compound feed is the phosphamide and the glycosaminoglycan. The other steps were the same as in example 2.

Comparative example 4

Compared with the embodiment 2, the traditional Chinese medicine extract is gallnut extract, and liquorice extract and Chinese fevervine herb extract are not contained. The other steps were the same as in example 2.

Comparative example 5

Compared with the embodiment 2, the traditional Chinese medicine extract is gallnut extract and liquorice extract, and the paederia scandens extract is not used. The other steps were the same as in example 2.

Comparative example 6

Compared with the example 2, the Babylonia is fed with the minced fish once every morning and evening, and the feeding amount of the minced fish in the morning is 5 percent of the total weight of the Babylonia; the feeding amount of the minced fish meat at night is 3 percent of the total weight of the Babylonia. The other steps were the same as in example 2.

Babylonia growth and survival test

The comparative culture experiment was carried out on 7 treatment items in total of examples 1 to 3 and comparative examples 1 to 4, and the average shell height was measured on the first day of culture for 1 day, the average shell height was measured on 90 days after culture, and the average shell height per day was calculated from the average shell height on 1 day and the average shell height on 90 days after culture to obtain the average shell height increase per day within 90 days of culture. The survival rate is the ratio of the number of live Babylonia on the 90 th day to the number of live Babylonia on the first day.

TABLE 1

As can be seen from Table 1, the average increase of the height of the shells in the culture of examples 1 to 3 for 90 days is between 0.229 and 0.255mm, and the survival rate is between 89.3 percent and 90.2 percent. Compared with the comparative example 1, the average increase of the shell height of the Babylonia in the comparative example 1 is obviously higher than that in the example 2, and the weak alkaline water environment is favorable for the rapid growth of the Babylonia, while the survival rate of the Babylonia in the comparative example 1 is lower than that in the example 2, mainly because the weak alkaline water environment is also favorable for the growth of pathogenic bacteria, the death rate of the Babylonia is increased. As can be seen from the comparison between example 2 and comparative examples 2 and 3, the additive is glycosaminoglycan and phosphoramidon which have synergistic effect, and can improve the survival rate of Babylonia. As can be seen from the comparison between example 2 and comparative examples 4 to 5, the licorice root extract and the paederia scandens extract have a synergistic effect of increasing the survival rate of Babylonia. Comparing example 2 with comparative example 6, it can be seen that the average increase of the shell height per day is higher when the compound feed is fed once in the morning and the minced fish is fed in the evening in example 2 than in comparative example 6, and the growth of Babylonia can be promoted by adding the compound feed.

The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.

Claims (8)

1. A culture method for improving the immunity of Babylonia is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:

(1) preparing a cement culture pond: after the cement culture pond is disinfected, 6-8cm of sea sand is laid, the sea sand is exposed for 1-2 days, finally, seawater is injected, water is changed once every 2-5 days, sand is changed once every 15-20 days, and the top of the cement culture pond is subjected to sun shading treatment;

(2) throwing Babylonia larvae: 5-10g/m of feed is put into the culture pond in the step (1)²And 0.5-1g/m of glucose²Vitamin C, then 300-²Culturing the young Babylonia;

(3) feeding feed: feeding the mixed feed once every morning, wherein the feeding amount of the mixed feed is 2-5% of the total weight of the Babylonia; feeding the minced fish for one time at night, wherein the feeding amount of the minced fish is 3-4% of the total weight of the Babylonia.

2. The culture method for improving immunity of Babylonia according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the particle size of the sea sand in the step (1) is 0.25-0.5 mm.

3. The culture method for improving the immunity of Babylonia as claimed in claim 1, wherein the culture method comprises the following steps: the shell height of the Babylonia larvae in the step (2) is between 0.5 and 1.5 cm.

4. The culture method for improving the immunity of Babylonia as claimed in claim 1, wherein the culture method comprises the following steps: the compound feed comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 15-30 parts of fish meal, 30-45 parts of soybean meal, 35-50 parts of corn starch, 2-7 parts of vegetable oil, 5-10 parts of peanut powder, 0.5-2 parts of monocalcium phosphate, 0.1-0.2 part of additive and 3-5 parts of traditional Chinese medicine extract.

5. The culture method for improving the immunity of Babylonia as claimed in claim 4, wherein the culture method comprises the following steps: the additive comprises glycosaminoglycan and phosphoramidine, and the weight ratio of the glycosaminoglycan to the phosphoramidine is 5-10: 0.1-0.2.

6. The culture method for improving the immunity of Babylonia as claimed in claim 4, wherein the culture method comprises the following steps: the traditional Chinese medicine extract comprises Chinese gall extract, liquorice extract and Chinese fevervine extract, and the weight ratio of the Chinese gall extract to the liquorice extract to the Chinese fevervine extract is 3-4:1-2: 1-2.

7. The culture method for improving the immunity of Babylonia as claimed in claim 1, wherein the culture method comprises the following steps: the raw materials of the minced fish comprise, by weight, 10-15 parts of portunus trituberculatus, 40-60 parts of trash fish, 20-30 parts of trash shrimp and 20-40 parts of corn starch; the preparation method of the fish meat paste comprises the steps of beating the shell-removed portunus trituberculatus, the head and the tail of the trash fish and the trash shrimp into the meat paste, mixing the meat paste with the corn starch, and preparing the mixture into particles.

8. The culture method for improving the immunity of Babylonia as claimed in claim 1, wherein the culture method comprises the following steps: controlling the water temperature of the seawater in the culture pond in the step (1) to be 15-32 ℃, controlling the pH value to be 6.8-7.5 and controlling the water depth to be 30-80 cm.