CN114557268A - A layered automatic control irrigation and drainage device, method and irrigation method for guiding root growth - Google Patents
A layered automatic control irrigation and drainage device, method and irrigation method for guiding root growthDownload PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
Translated fromChinese技术领域technical field
本申请涉及节水灌溉技术领域，具体而言，涉及一种分层自控排灌装置、方法及引导根系生长的灌溉方法。The present application relates to the technical field of water-saving irrigation, in particular, to a layered self-control irrigation and drainage device, a method, and an irrigation method for guiding root growth.
背景技术Background technique
目前的农业生产中，土壤的水分状况一直是制约作物产量的重要因素。适宜的土壤水分环境有利于提高作物产量，过湿或者过旱都会导致作物产量急剧减少；因此，排水和灌溉是农业生产领域绕不开的两大话题。农业排水领域发展至今，各种大规模的排水方式已经比较成熟，例如明沟排水，竖井排水等。In current agricultural production, soil moisture has always been an important factor restricting crop yield. Appropriate soil moisture environment is conducive to improving crop yield, and excessive humidity or drought will lead to a sharp decrease in crop yield; therefore, drainage and irrigation are two topics that cannot be avoided in the field of agricultural production. Since the development of agricultural drainage field, various large-scale drainage methods have been relatively mature, such as open ditch drainage, shaft drainage and so on.
南方地区全年降雨量分布不均，夏季降雨量大，容易引发涝渍灾害，过高的土壤含水率对玫瑰等高价值经济作物的危害十分明显；而初春时节，南方地区又很容易发生季节性干旱，干旱持续时间较长，对许多经济作物往往有致命的影响。尽管危害如此明显，但在实际生产过程中，对于三七、重楼等高价值，并且对涝渍特别敏感的经济作物所设计的排水装置不仅比较缺乏，而且还存在功能单一，容易堵塞，自动化程度低，精度低等问题。The annual rainfall in the southern region is unevenly distributed, and the summer rainfall is large, which is easy to cause waterlogging disasters. Excessive soil moisture content is very harmful to high-value cash crops such as roses. In the early spring, the southern region is prone to seasonal occurrences. Sexual drought, which lasts for a long time, often has a fatal impact on many cash crops. Although the harm is so obvious, in the actual production process, the drainage devices designed for high-value cash crops such as Panax notoginseng and heavy buildings and particularly sensitive to waterlogging are not only lacking, but also have single functions, easy to block, automatic Low level, low precision and other issues.
在农业灌溉领域，为节约灌溉用水量，人们探索了许多灌溉方式，并且节水效果都比较明显。节水灌溉技术发展至今，地下灌溉也已经较为成熟，但依然存在灌溉装置适用条件较为严苛，且存在出水孔容易堵塞等问题。伴随着作物的生长，作物根系也在发生变化，所需的灌溉水量、灌溉深度也不同。目前的地下灌溉系统大多于作物定植前预埋于地下，灌溉深度和灌溉半径固定不变，对根系生长、作物发育和水分利用有较大程度的限制。In the field of agricultural irrigation, in order to save irrigation water, many irrigation methods have been explored, and the water saving effect is relatively obvious. Since the development of water-saving irrigation technology, underground irrigation has also been relatively mature, but there are still some problems such as harsh application conditions of irrigation devices and easy blockage of outlet holes. With the growth of crops, the root system of crops is also changing, and the amount of irrigation water and depth of irrigation required are also different. Most of the current underground irrigation systems are pre-buried in the ground before the crops are planted, and the irrigation depth and irrigation radius are fixed, which has a large degree of restrictions on root growth, crop development and water use.
现有的装置采用独立设计，只能实现排水或者灌溉，并不能共用一套设备实现排灌一体化，需要分开安装，安装过程费时费力，成本较高。并且大多装置需要预埋于作物定植前，因此灌溉深度受限，不能根据植株的成长进行调节。若在生产过程中需要对灌溉深度进行调节，则需要重新安装，工程繁琐且工作困难，材料用量大，成本高，难以用于大田研究等工作中。The existing device adopts an independent design, which can only realize drainage or irrigation, and cannot share a set of equipment to realize the integration of drainage and irrigation. And most of the devices need to be pre-buried before the crops are planted, so the irrigation depth is limited and cannot be adjusted according to the growth of the plants. If the irrigation depth needs to be adjusted in the production process, it needs to be re-installed, the engineering is cumbersome and the work is difficult, the material consumption is large, the cost is high, and it is difficult to be used in field research and other work.
综上所述，需要提供一种针对上述现有技术不足的改进技术方案。To sum up, it is necessary to provide an improved technical solution for the deficiencies of the above-mentioned prior art.
发明内容SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
本申请实施例的目的在于提供一种分层自控排灌装置，能够对不同深度的湿度进行监控，根据土壤不同深度的湿度情况进行排水及灌水。The purpose of the embodiments of the present application is to provide a layered automatic control drainage and irrigation device, which can monitor the humidity of different depths, and perform drainage and irrigation according to the humidity conditions of different depths of the soil.
本申请实施例的第二目的还在于提供一种分层自控排灌方法。The second objective of the embodiments of the present application is also to provide a layered self-control irrigation and drainage method.
本申请实施例的第三目的还在于提供一种引导根系生长的灌溉方法。The third objective of the embodiments of the present application is also to provide an irrigation method for guiding root growth.
第一方面，提供了一种分层自控排灌装置，包括排水单元、灌溉单元、多个湿度传感器及控制单元。In a first aspect, a layered automatic control irrigation and drainage device is provided, including a drainage unit, an irrigation unit, a plurality of humidity sensors and a control unit.
排水单元包括抽水机构和蓄水机构，所述抽水机构与所述蓄水机构连接。土壤内的水分通过所述抽水机构被抽入所述蓄水机构内。The drainage unit includes a water pumping mechanism and a water storage mechanism, and the water pumping mechanism is connected with the water storage mechanism. Moisture in the soil is drawn into the water storage mechanism through the water pumping mechanism.
灌溉单元与所述蓄水机构连接，包括多个灌溉层，多个灌溉层沿竖直方向布置。每个所述灌溉层分别通过连接支路与所述蓄水机构的连接，在每个连接支路上均设置第二电磁阀，所述第二电磁阀用于控制所述连接支路的启闭。所述灌溉单元用于将所述蓄水机构内的水排至土壤中。The irrigation unit is connected with the water storage mechanism, and includes a plurality of irrigation layers, and the plurality of irrigation layers are arranged in a vertical direction. Each of the irrigation layers is connected to the water storage mechanism through a connecting branch, and a second solenoid valve is arranged on each connecting branch, and the second electromagnetic valve is used to control the opening and closing of the connecting branch. . The irrigation unit is used to drain the water in the water storage mechanism into the soil.
每两个所述湿度传感器间隔预定距离后沿竖向布置，用于检测不同深度的土壤湿度。Every two humidity sensors are arranged vertically after being separated by a predetermined distance, and are used to detect soil humidity at different depths.
控制单元分别与所述湿度传感器、所述第二电磁阀及所述抽水机构通讯连接，在所述控制单元内预设第一阈值和第二阈值，在其中一个所述湿度传感器的检测值大于所述第一阈值时，所述控制单元控制所述抽水机构开启，将土壤内的水分抽出。在其中一个所述湿度传感器的检测值小于所述第二阈值时，所述控制单元控制位于所在深度的所述第二电磁阀开启，与所述第二电磁阀对应的所述灌溉层灌水。The control unit is respectively connected in communication with the humidity sensor, the second solenoid valve and the water pumping mechanism, a first threshold value and a second threshold value are preset in the control unit, and the detection value of one of the humidity sensors is greater than When the first threshold is reached, the control unit controls the water pumping mechanism to be turned on to pump out the moisture in the soil. When the detection value of one of the humidity sensors is smaller than the second threshold, the control unit controls the second solenoid valve located at the depth to be opened, and the irrigation layer corresponding to the second solenoid valve is irrigated.
在一种实施方案中，抽水机构还包括负压单元，所述负压单元用于在所述蓄水机构内形成负压环境。In one embodiment, the water pumping mechanism further includes a negative pressure unit for forming a negative pressure environment in the water storage mechanism.
在一种实施方案中，蓄水机构与外部水源连接。In one embodiment, the water storage mechanism is connected to an external water source.
在一种实施方案中，相邻两个所述湿度传感器间隔8-15cm。沿竖直方向共设置4-7个湿度传感器。In one embodiment, two adjacent humidity sensors are separated by 8-15 cm. A total of 4-7 humidity sensors are arranged along the vertical direction.
在一种实施方案中，在所述抽水机构与所述蓄水机构之间设置过滤机构，所述过滤机构包括沿排水方向布置的多个过滤层。In one embodiment, a filter mechanism is provided between the water pumping mechanism and the water storage mechanism, and the filter mechanism includes a plurality of filter layers arranged along the drainage direction.
在一种实施方案中，过滤机构沿排水方向依次包括：细沙石过滤层、过滤海绵过滤层以及晴纶棉过滤层。In one embodiment, the filtering mechanism sequentially includes: a fine sand and stone filter layer, a filter sponge filter layer and an acrylic cotton filter layer along the drainage direction.
在一种实施方案中，述灌溉单元包括3-5个灌溉层，每个所述灌溉层的厚度设为8-15cm。In one embodiment, the irrigation unit includes 3-5 irrigation layers, and the thickness of each of the irrigation layers is set to 8-15 cm.
在一种实施方案中，每个所述灌溉层包括多个灌水出口，在所述灌水出口处设置防堵结构，所述防堵结构包括沿水平方向伸出的排水管，在所述排水管的底部均布多个排水孔。在所述排水管的伸出端设置锥形盖帽。In one embodiment, each of the irrigation layers includes a plurality of irrigation outlets, and an anti-blocking structure is provided at the irrigation outlets, and the anti-blocking structure includes a drainage pipe extending in a horizontal direction, and the drainage pipe is located at the drainage pipe. The bottom is evenly distributed with multiple drainage holes. A conical cap is provided on the protruding end of the drain pipe.
根据本申请的第二方面，还提供了一种分层自控排灌方法，使用如第一方面所述的分层自控排灌装置，包括以下步骤：According to the second aspect of the present application, a layered automatic control irrigation and drainage method is also provided, using the layered automatic control drainage and irrigation device as described in the first aspect, comprising the following steps:
S1、将湿度传感器作为监测点对土壤的湿度进行检测并将检测数值发送至控制单元。S1. Use the humidity sensor as a monitoring point to detect the humidity of the soil and send the detected value to the control unit.
S2、在控制单元内预设第一阈值和第二阈值，控制单元将检测数值分别与第一阈值及第二阈值进行比对。S2. The first threshold and the second threshold are preset in the control unit, and the control unit compares the detected value with the first threshold and the second threshold respectively.
S3、在检测数值大于等于第一阈值时，启动抽水机构，将水分抽至蓄水机构内，直至检测数值小于第一阈值关闭抽水机构。S3. When the detected value is greater than or equal to the first threshold, start the pumping mechanism to pump water into the water storage mechanism, and close the pumping mechanism until the detected value is less than the first threshold.
S4、在检测数值小于第二阈值时，打开湿度传感器所在深度的灌溉层的第二电磁阀，将蓄水机构内水排至土壤内，直至检测数值大于等于第二阈值，关闭第二电磁阀。S4. When the detected value is less than the second threshold, open the second solenoid valve of the irrigation layer at the depth where the humidity sensor is located, and discharge the water in the water storage mechanism into the soil until the detected value is greater than or equal to the second threshold, then close the second solenoid valve .
根据本申请的第三方面，还提供了一种引导根系生长的灌溉方法，使用如第一方面所述的分层自控排灌装置，包括：根据作物植株的生长发育情况控制不同灌溉层进行灌溉。在作物处于幼苗期时，开启上层的灌溉层进行灌溉。在作物生长发育旺盛时，同时打开多个灌溉层进行灌溉。According to a third aspect of the present application, an irrigation method for guiding root growth is also provided, using the layered self-control irrigation and drainage device as described in the first aspect, including: controlling different irrigation layers for irrigation according to the growth and development of crop plants. When the crops are in the seedling stage, the upper irrigation layer is turned on for irrigation. When the crops are growing vigorously, multiple irrigation layers are opened at the same time for irrigation.
与现有技术相比，本申请的有益效果为：Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present application are:
在本申请的技术方案中，通过对不同深度的湿度进行监控，能够根据土壤不同深度的湿度情况进行排水及灌水。并且通过在不同深度设置电磁阀，控制不同的灌溉层进行灌水，在土壤湿度过小时，针对性进行灌水。在土壤湿度过大时，通过负压单元进行抽水并蓄水，以达到节水的目的，以适应洪涝灾害等天气。在干旱时使用蓄水机构内的水进行灌溉，节约水资源。既可以减少对耕地面积的占用，又可以更为精确的检测测作物的实际含水率，方便实现精准灌溉。实现了灌排一体化，节约成本，利于推广使用。In the technical solution of the present application, by monitoring the humidity at different depths, drainage and irrigation can be performed according to the humidity conditions at different depths of the soil. And by setting solenoid valves at different depths, different irrigation layers are controlled for irrigation, and targeted irrigation is carried out when the soil humidity is too low. When the soil humidity is too high, water is pumped and stored through the negative pressure unit to achieve the purpose of saving water and adapt to weather such as flood disasters. Use water from the water storage facility for irrigation during droughts, saving water resources. It can not only reduce the occupation of cultivated land, but also more accurately detect the actual moisture content of crops, which is convenient for precise irrigation. It realizes the integration of irrigation and drainage, saves costs, and is conducive to popularization and use.
附图说明Description of drawings
为了更清楚地说明本申请实施例的技术方案，下面将对实施例中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，应当理解，以下附图仅示出了本申请的某些实施例，因此不应被看作是对范围的限定，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他相关的附图。In order to illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application more clearly, the following drawings will briefly introduce the drawings that need to be used in the embodiments. It should be understood that the following drawings only show some embodiments of the present application, and therefore do not It should be regarded as a limitation of the scope, and for those of ordinary skill in the art, other related drawings can also be obtained according to these drawings without any creative effort.
图1为根据本申请实施例示出的一种分层自控排灌装置的立体结构示意图；1 is a schematic three-dimensional structure diagram of a layered automatic control irrigation and drainage device according to an embodiment of the present application;
图2为图1中分层自控排灌装置的纵剖面图；Fig. 2 is the longitudinal sectional view of the layered automatic control irrigation and drainage device in Fig. 1;
图3为图1中分层自控排灌装置的横剖面图；Fig. 3 is the cross-sectional view of the layered automatic control irrigation and drainage device in Fig. 1;
图4为图1中灌水出口的结构示意图；Fig. 4 is the structural representation of the irrigation outlet in Fig. 1;
图5为根据本申请实施例示出的一种分层自控排灌方法的流程图。FIG. 5 is a flowchart of a layered automatic control irrigation and drainage method according to an embodiment of the present application.
附图标记：1、第一过滤层；2、第二过滤层；3、第三过滤层；4、晴纶棉填充物；5、过滤海绵填充物；6、细沙石填充物；7、抽水孔；8、灌水出口；9、灌水过滤层；10、灌溉层；11、蓄水机构；12、手拉环；13、第一电磁阀；14、第二电磁阀。Reference numerals: 1, the first filter layer; 2, the second filter layer; 3, the third filter layer; 4, the acrylic cotton filling; 5, the filter sponge filling; 6, the fine sand filling; Hole; 8, irrigation outlet; 9, irrigation filter layer; 10, irrigation layer; 11, water storage mechanism; 12, hand pull ring; 13, first solenoid valve; 14, second solenoid valve.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
为使本申请实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合本申请实施例中的附图，对本申请实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例是本申请一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。通常在此处附图中描述和示出的本申请实施例的组件可以以各种不同的配置来布置和设计。In order to make the purposes, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present application clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be described clearly and completely below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments It is a part of the embodiments of the present application, but not all of the embodiments. The components of the embodiments of the present application generally described and illustrated in the drawings herein may be arranged and designed in a variety of different configurations.
因此，以下对在附图中提供的本申请的实施例的详细描述并非旨在限制要求保护的本申请的范围，而是仅仅表示本申请的选定实施例。基于本申请中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本申请保护的范围。Thus, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the application provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the application as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the application. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative work fall within the protection scope of the present application.
根据本申请的第一方面，参见图1至图4所示，首先提供一种分层自控排灌装置，包括：排水单元、灌溉单元、多个湿度传感器以及控制单元。According to the first aspect of the present application, referring to FIGS. 1 to 4 , a layered self-control irrigation and drainage device is first provided, including a drainage unit, an irrigation unit, a plurality of humidity sensors and a control unit.
排水单元包括抽水机构和蓄水机构11，抽水机构与蓄水机构11连接。抽水机构包括多个抽水孔7，蓄水机构11通过负压单元与抽水机构连接，通过打开负压单元在蓄水机构11内形成负压环境，使土壤内的水分通过负压单元抽水孔7被抽入蓄水机构11内。The drainage unit includes a water pumping mechanism and a
湿度传感器，设于分层自控排灌装置的侧面，沿竖直方向均布多个，用于检测不同深度的土壤湿度。Humidity sensors are arranged on the side of the layered self-control irrigation and drainage device, and are evenly distributed along the vertical direction to detect soil moisture at different depths.
灌溉单元与蓄水机构11连接，灌溉单元用于将蓄水机构11内的水排至土壤中。灌溉单元包括3个灌溉层10，3个灌溉层10沿竖直方向布置。每个灌溉层10分别通过连接支路与蓄水机构11的连接，在每个连接支路上均设置第二电磁阀14，第二电磁阀14用于控制所在连接支路的启闭。The irrigation unit is connected to the
控制单元分别与湿度传感器、灌溉单元的第二电磁阀14及负压单元通讯连接，在控制单元内预设第一阈值和第二阈值，在某一深度的湿度传感器检测值大于第一阈值时，控制单元控制开启负压单元，将土壤内的水分抽出。在预定深度的湿度传感器检测到的湿度值小于第二阈值时，控制单元控制位于所在深度的第二电磁阀14 的开启，以使同深度的灌溉层10进行灌水。The control unit is respectively connected in communication with the humidity sensor, the
本申请通过对不同深度的湿度进行监控，能够根据土壤不同深度的湿度情况进行排水及灌水。通过排灌一体化设计，可以减少安装时的工作量,降低成本。涝灾排出去的水经过收集以后可在旱季进行灌溉。并且通过在不同深度设置电磁阀，控制不同的灌溉层进行灌水，在土壤湿度过小时，针对性进行灌水。在土壤湿度过大时，通过负压单元进行抽水并蓄水，以达到节水的目的，以适应洪涝灾害等天气。在干旱时使用蓄水机构内的水进行灌溉，节约水资源。可以极大地减轻土壤涝害，增加作物产量。分层灌水的功能，可以引导根系横纵向发展，促进作物生长，同时还可减少灌溉水蒸发，节约水资源。既可以减少对耕地面积的占用，又可以更为精确的检测测作物的实际含水率，方便实现精准灌溉。实现了灌排一体化，节约成本，利于推广使用。In the present application, by monitoring the humidity at different depths, drainage and irrigation can be performed according to the humidity conditions at different depths of the soil. Through the integrated design of irrigation and drainage, the workload and cost during installation can be reduced. The water discharged from the flood can be collected and irrigated during the dry season. And by setting solenoid valves at different depths, different irrigation layers are controlled for irrigation, and targeted irrigation is carried out when the soil humidity is too low. When the soil humidity is too high, water is pumped and stored through the negative pressure unit to achieve the purpose of saving water and adapt to weather such as flood disasters. Use water from the water storage facility for irrigation during droughts, saving water resources. It can greatly reduce soil waterlogging and increase crop yield. The function of layered irrigation can guide the horizontal and vertical development of the root system, promote the growth of crops, and at the same time reduce the evaporation of irrigation water and save water resources. It can not only reduce the occupation of cultivated land, but also more accurately detect the actual moisture content of crops, which is convenient for precise irrigation. It realizes the integration of irrigation and drainage, saves costs, and is conducive to popularization and use.
需要说明的是，本装置可以用于科学研究的试验田布置，将其安装在两垅作物之间，用于精确的控制灌溉与排水。也可以用于南方易涝地区高价值作物的分层排水。It should be noted that the device can be used for the layout of experimental fields in scientific research, and it is installed between two ridge crops for precise control of irrigation and drainage. It can also be used for layered drainage of high-value crops in southern flood-prone areas.
在一种实施方式中，负压单元通过第一电磁阀13控制开启，第一电磁阀13与控制系统通讯连接。In one embodiment, the negative pressure unit is controlled to be opened by the
在一种实施方式中，负压单元包括双向泵，铺设于地表。在双向泵正转时，将蓄水机构11内形成负压环境。在双向泵反转时，将蓄水机构11内的水抽出以流入灌溉单元内。In one embodiment, the negative pressure unit includes a bidirectional pump and is laid on the ground. When the bidirectional pump is rotating forward, a negative pressure environment is formed in the
需要说明的是，双向泵的进水管道与排水单元连接，双向泵的出水管道与灌溉单元连接，在进水管道及出水管道上均设置单向阀。单向阀均沿水流方向开启。在排水时，打开进水管道上的单向阀，关闭出水管道上的单向阀；在灌水时，打开出水管道上的单向阀，关闭进水管道上的单向阀。It should be noted that the water inlet pipe of the bidirectional pump is connected to the drainage unit, the water outlet pipe of the bidirectional pump is connected to the irrigation unit, and one-way valves are provided on both the water inlet pipe and the water outlet pipe. The one-way valves all open in the direction of the water flow. When draining water, open the one-way valve on the water inlet pipe and close the one-way valve on the water outlet pipe; when pouring water, open the one-way valve on the water outlet pipe and close the one-way valve on the water inlet pipe.
具体的，双向泵的出水管道与每个连接支路连接。Specifically, the water outlet pipeline of the bidirectional pump is connected with each connection branch.
当发生涝渍时，双向泵正向转动，将抽水机构的管路内空气抽出以形成负压空间，将土壤内多余水分经过负压单元排至蓄水机构内储存。当季节性干旱来临时，双向泵反向旋转，将处理后的水通过灌溉单元输送至作物根部，为作物提供充足的水分。可以实现负压排水与灌水共用一个泵，节约成本。When waterlogging occurs, the two-way pump rotates forward, and the air in the pipeline of the pumping mechanism is pumped out to form a negative pressure space, and the excess water in the soil is discharged to the water storage mechanism through the negative pressure unit for storage. When the seasonal drought comes, the bidirectional pump rotates in the opposite direction, delivering the treated water through the irrigation unit to the roots of the crops, providing sufficient water for the crops. The negative pressure drainage and irrigation can share one pump, which saves the cost.
在一种实施方式中，蓄水机构11为蓄水箱，蓄水箱与外部水源连接，考虑在蓄水机构11蓄水不足时，能够通过外部水源灌水。In one embodiment, the
在另一种实施方式中，在蓄水机构11与外部水源连接的管路上连接集水装置，集水装置可收集发生涝渍时的积水至蓄水机构11内，待旱季时可以用来灌溉。In another embodiment, a water collecting device is connected to the pipeline connecting the
需要说明的是，在蓄水机构11与外部水源连接的管路上连接施肥装置，施肥装置将水溶性肥料加至蓄水机构11内，可以对作物植株进行水肥管理，以拓宽装置的适用范围，实现水肥一体化。It should be noted that a fertilization device is connected to the pipeline connecting the
在一种实施方式中，蓄水箱的顶部盖板为不可拆卸的密封式设计。In one embodiment, the top cover of the water storage tank is of a non-removable sealed design.
在一种实施方式中，蓄水箱采用分层设计，具体的，沿竖直方向设置三层，每一层分别与灌溉层对应设置。在每一层的底部设有出水管，每层蓄水箱与对应的灌溉层10通过连接支管连接。In one embodiment, the water storage tank adopts a layered design. Specifically, three layers are arranged along the vertical direction, and each layer is arranged corresponding to the irrigation layer. A water outlet pipe is provided at the bottom of each layer, and the water storage tank of each layer is connected with the
在每层蓄水箱通过进水管道与对应层的抽水孔7连接，在每个进水管道上均设置一个第一电磁阀13。Each layer of the water storage tank is connected to the
具体的，每层蓄水箱的高度为20cm，在本装置的周侧沿竖直方向均布多个湿度传感器。Specifically, the height of each layer of water storage tanks is 20 cm, and a plurality of humidity sensors are evenly distributed along the vertical direction on the peripheral side of the device.
当20cm深度内的湿度传感器监测到土壤含水率大于第一阈值时，便会打开此层所对应的第一电磁阀13，并且启动负压单元，而其他层的第一电磁阀13并不会打开。当20-40cm深度处的湿度传感器监测到该层土壤湿度值大于第一阈值时，打开该层所对应的第一电磁阀13，该层的排水系统打开，使该层进行负压排水。通过分层负压排水，可以对不同深度的土壤水分进行精准调控，高效调控。When the humidity sensor within a depth of 20cm detects that the soil moisture content is greater than the first threshold, the
在一种实施方式中，每层蓄水箱内部均设有支撑件，增强结构稳定性，避免负压排水环境下每层蓄水箱发生损坏。在负压单元工作时，支撑件提供足够的支撑力。In one embodiment, each layer of the water storage tank is provided with a support member to enhance the structural stability and avoid damage to each layer of the water storage tank in a negative pressure drainage environment. When the negative pressure unit is working, the supporting piece provides sufficient supporting force.
在一种实施方式中，每两个湿度传感器间隔10cm。沿竖直方向共设置5个湿度传感器。因此，该装置的监测深度为60cm。本装置能自动监测土壤含水率，实现精准排水；排水深度大，排水速度快。In one embodiment, every two humidity sensors are separated by 10 cm. A total of 5 humidity sensors are arranged in the vertical direction. Therefore, the monitoring depth of this device is 60 cm. The device can automatically monitor the soil moisture content and achieve precise drainage; the drainage depth is large and the drainage speed is fast.
需要说明的是，通过设置不同个数及不同间隔的湿度传感器，能够满足不同种类植株在不同时期的根部湿度监控。例如，重楼的根系的长度范围为20-50cm。It should be noted that by setting different numbers and different intervals of humidity sensors, the root humidity monitoring of different types of plants in different periods can be satisfied. For example, the length of the root system of a heavy building ranges from 20-50cm.
在一种实施方式中，在负压单元与蓄水机构11之间设置过滤机构，过滤机构包括沿排水方向依次布置第一过滤层1、第二过滤层2以及第三过滤层3。In one embodiment, a filter mechanism is provided between the negative pressure unit and the
需要说明的是，第一过滤层1设于最外层，在第一过滤层1的外壁密集开孔，方便水流流入。第一过滤层1与第二过滤层2的接触面上均设有密集开孔，第二过滤层2与第三过滤层3的接触面上均设有密集开孔。It should be noted that the
具体的，如图1至图3所示，第一过滤层1、第二过滤层2以及第三过滤层3均采用抽屉式设计，根据需要随时取出某一过滤层，以便检修以及更换滤层。在第一过滤层1、第二过滤层2以及第三过滤层3的顶部均设有顶盖，顶部边缘处均采用橡胶圈以进行密封。在第一过滤层1、第二过滤层2以及第三过滤层3的顶部均设置手拉环12，当过滤层发生堵塞时，可通过手拉环12取出整个过滤层进行维修或者更换。多个过滤层的设置可以减少负压排水过程中堵塞的可能性，延长装置使用寿命，使后期维护更加便捷。Specifically, as shown in Figures 1 to 3, the
具体的，在第一过滤层1内设置细沙石填充物6，在第二过滤层2内设置过滤海绵填充物5，在第三过滤层3内设置晴纶棉填充物4。考虑过滤密度沿排水方向递增，能够将水分进行充分过滤后进行储存。Specifically, a
在一种实施方式中，灌溉单元包括3个灌溉层10，每个灌溉层10的厚度设为10cm。本装置的灌水深度及湿润半径可变，可以拓宽一般地下灌溉系统的适用范围。In one embodiment, the irrigation unit includes 3 irrigation layers 10, and the thickness of each
在一种实施方式中，每个灌溉层10包括多个灌水出口8，灌水出口8为半圆形，在灌水出口8处设置防堵结构。In one embodiment, each
在一种实施方式中，如图4所示，防堵结构包括沿水平方向伸出的排水管，在所述排水管的底部均布多个排水孔。在所述排水管的伸出端设置锥形盖帽，考虑防止外部的土壤堵塞排水孔。In one embodiment, as shown in FIG. 4 , the anti-blocking structure includes a drain pipe extending in a horizontal direction, and a plurality of drain holes are evenly distributed at the bottom of the drain pipe. A conical cap is arranged on the protruding end of the drainage pipe, in order to prevent the external soil from blocking the drainage hole.
需要说明的是，在灌溉层10的最外侧，即与土壤接触的一侧内设置灌水过滤层9，对蓄水机构内的水进行过滤后排出，以增强抗塞堵性能。It should be noted that an
在一种实施方式中，本装置的所有连接处均采用密封结构，将本装置安装于土壤内后，防止土壤进入装置内部，对装置造成损坏影响使用。该装置可拆卸的特性，可让排灌系统适用于更多场合，同时便于干管的回收及存放。In one embodiment, all the joints of the device adopt a sealing structure. After the device is installed in the soil, the soil can be prevented from entering the inside of the device, causing damage to the device and affecting the use. The detachable feature of the device makes the irrigation and drainage system suitable for more occasions, and at the same time facilitates the recovery and storage of main pipes.
根据本申请的第二方面，还提供了一种分层自控排灌方法，如图5所示，使用如第一方面所述的分层自控排灌装置，包括以下步骤：According to the second aspect of the present application, a layered automatic control irrigation and drainage method is also provided, as shown in FIG. 5 , using the layered automatic control drainage and irrigation device as described in the first aspect, comprising the following steps:
S1、将湿度传感器作为监测点对土壤的湿度进行检测并将检测数值发送至控制单元。S1. Use the humidity sensor as a monitoring point to detect the humidity of the soil and send the detected value to the control unit.
S2、在控制单元内预设第一阈值和第二阈值，控制单元将检测数值分别与第一阈值及第二阈值进行比对。S2. The first threshold and the second threshold are preset in the control unit, and the control unit compares the detected value with the first threshold and the second threshold respectively.
其中，第一阈值大于第二阈值。Wherein, the first threshold is greater than the second threshold.
S3、在检测数值大于等于第一阈值时，启动负压单元，将水分抽至蓄水机构内，直至检测数值小于第一阈值关闭负压单元。S3. When the detected value is greater than or equal to the first threshold, start the negative pressure unit to pump water into the water storage mechanism, and close the negative pressure unit until the detected value is less than the first threshold.
具体的，可以根据湿度传感器所在深度启动对应层的第一电磁阀，以精准控制土壤湿度。Specifically, the first solenoid valve of the corresponding layer can be activated according to the depth where the humidity sensor is located, so as to precisely control the soil humidity.
S4、在检测数值小于第二阈值时，打开湿度传感器所在深度的灌溉层10的第二电磁阀14，将蓄水机构内水排至土壤内直至检测数值大于等于第二阈值，关闭第二电磁阀14。S4, when the detected value is less than the second threshold, open the
在一种实施方式中，在步骤S1中，根据降水量选择不同位置的湿度传感器作为监测点。在降水量小于20mm时，上层土壤的含水率大于下层土壤的含水率，将10cm处的湿度传感器作为监测点，对土壤的水分进行检测，考虑避免负压单元频繁启动增加成本。在降水量大于30mm时，多个湿度传感器同时对土壤水分进行监测。In one embodiment, in step S1, humidity sensors at different locations are selected as monitoring points according to the amount of precipitation. When the precipitation is less than 20mm, the moisture content of the upper soil is greater than that of the lower soil. The humidity sensor at 10cm is used as the monitoring point to detect the soil moisture, and it is considered to avoid frequent activation of the negative pressure unit and increase the cost. When the precipitation is greater than 30mm, multiple humidity sensors monitor soil moisture at the same time.
根据本申请的第三方面，还提供了一种引导根系生长的灌溉方法，使用如第一方面所述的分层自控排灌装置，包括：根据作物植株的生长发育情况进行不同深度的灌溉。在作物处于幼苗期时，开启上层灌溉层进行灌溉。不仅可以促进作物生长，还可以节约大量灌溉水。在作物生长发育旺盛时，打开多个灌溉层进行灌溉。According to the third aspect of the present application, there is also provided an irrigation method for guiding root growth, using the layered self-control irrigation and drainage device as described in the first aspect, including: performing irrigation at different depths according to the growth and development of crop plants. When the crops are in the seedling stage, turn on the upper irrigation layer for irrigation. Not only can promote crop growth, but also save a lot of irrigation water. When the crops are growing vigorously, open multiple irrigation layers for irrigation.
当灌水深度适当下移的时候，整个湿润体距离根系一定深度并保持一定时间。在这期间根系周围干燥，由于根系生长具有向水向肥性，根系会向更深、更广处，即湿润体方向生长。When the irrigation depth is appropriately moved down, the entire moist body is kept at a certain depth from the root system and maintained for a certain period of time. During this period, the surrounding area of the root system is dry, and because the root system is hydrotropic, the root system will grow deeper and wider, that is, in the direction of the moist body.
以上所述仅为本申请的优选实施例而已，并不用于限制本申请，对于本领域的技术人员来说，本申请可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本申请的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本申请的保护范围之内。The above descriptions are only preferred embodiments of the present application, and are not intended to limit the present application. For those skilled in the art, the present application may have various modifications and changes. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of this application shall be included within the protection scope of this application.
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| CN206651155U (en)* | 2017-03-31 | 2017-11-21 | 宜良万林农业发展有限公司 | A kind of edible rose plants irrigating facility |
| CN106879434A (en)* | 2017-04-13 | 2017-06-23 | 广州大学 | Intelligent water-saving irrigation system and its method based on dry deep temporal scalable |
| CN109596812A (en)* | 2018-12-27 | 2019-04-09 | 固安京蓝云科技有限公司 | Determine the method and device of the irrigation parameter of crop |
| AU2020100749A4 (en)* | 2020-05-13 | 2020-06-25 | Institute Of Environment And Sustainable Development In Agriculture, Chinese Academy Of Agricultural Sciences | Intelligent supplementary grassland irrigation management system |
| CN111713385A (en)* | 2020-06-01 | 2020-09-29 | 北京农业智能装备技术研究中心 | Automatic irrigation method and system |
| CN111887137A (en)* | 2020-07-21 | 2020-11-06 | 太仓标美海绵城市科技有限公司 | Soil moisture control system for garden engineering and control method thereof |
| CN214961592U (en)* | 2021-04-06 | 2021-12-03 | 石家庄赛塔普科技有限公司 | Water-saving irrigation system based on Internet of things |
| CN113841595A (en)* | 2021-11-09 | 2021-12-28 | 湘潭大学 | Energy-saving intelligent precision irrigation system based on the combination of soil moisture and depth |
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