技术领域Technical field
本发明属于无线通信技术领域，尤其涉及一种智能反射面辅助通信的信号广播方法。The invention belongs to the field of wireless communication technology, and in particular relates to a signal broadcasting method for intelligent reflective surface-assisted communication.
背景技术Background technique
智能反射面是一种新型的人工电磁材料，它由大量相同结构的反射单元所构成。从微观角度看，通过人为地控制每个反射单元的反射系数(相位、幅度)，可以使其对入射电磁波独立施加可控影响；从宏观角度看，通过协同控制所有反射单元，可以进一步改变反射波束的数量、方向、散射程度等。Smart reflective surface is a new type of artificial electromagnetic material, which is composed of a large number of reflective units with the same structure. From a microscopic point of view, by artificially controlling the reflection coefficient (phase, amplitude) of each reflection unit, it can independently exert a controllable influence on the incident electromagnetic wave; from a macroscopic point of view, by cooperatively controlling all reflection units, the reflection can be further changed. The number, direction, scattering degree, etc. of the beams.
将智能反射面应用到实际通信系统中时，需要配置特定的反射系数，从而形成不同的反射波束，使信号反射至特定的方向。在这一过程中，只要已知信号在智能反射面处的到达角及离开角，即可计算出特定反射系数。但在这种情况下，智能反射面的反射波束通常只能集中于一个特定的方向，即在该方向上接收功率最大，在其他方向上接收功率极小。如果要利用智能反射面来广播信号，则需要反射波束的范围更宽，且在该范围内接收功率比较均匀，此时这种反射系数计算方法不再适用，需要其他反射方法来进行计算。When applying smart reflective surfaces to actual communication systems, specific reflection coefficients need to be configured to form different reflection beams to reflect signals in specific directions. In this process, as long as the arrival and departure angles of the signal at the smart reflective surface are known, the specific reflection coefficient can be calculated. But in this case, the reflected beam of the smart reflector can usually only be concentrated in a specific direction, that is, the received power is maximum in this direction and the received power is extremely small in other directions. If you want to use smart reflective surfaces to broadcast signals, you need a wider range of reflected beams, and the received power is relatively uniform within this range. At this time, this reflection coefficient calculation method is no longer applicable, and other reflection methods are needed for calculation.
发明内容Contents of the invention
发明目的：在现有的智能反射面波束配置方法中，通常其反射波束只能集中在某个极窄的特定方向上，而不能在一个较宽的范围内均匀分布，因此无法用于信号广播。为此，本发明提出一种智能反射面辅助通信的信号广播方法，它首先在角度域选取合适的采样点数，并根据采样点数确定天线响应矩阵，再依次计算出目标矢量的最终相位响应，最后计算出待配置的反射系数，能够达到在给定广播角度范围内让波束均匀分配的效果。Purpose of the invention: In existing intelligent reflective surface beam configuration methods, usually the reflected beam can only be concentrated in a very narrow specific direction and cannot be evenly distributed over a wide range, so it cannot be used for signal broadcasting. . To this end, the present invention proposes a signal broadcast method for intelligent reflective surface-assisted communication. It first selects an appropriate number of sampling points in the angle domain, determines the antenna response matrix based on the number of sampling points, and then calculates the final phase response of the target vector in turn. Finally, Calculating the reflection coefficient to be configured can achieve the effect of uniform beam distribution within a given broadcast angle range.
技术方案：为实现上述目的，本发明采用的技术方案为：Technical solution: In order to achieve the above objects, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is:
一种智能反射面辅助通信的信号广播方法，其特征在于，包括如下步骤：A signal broadcasting method for intelligent reflective surface-assisted communication, which is characterized by including the following steps:
步骤1：用户配备单天线，基站配备多天线，智能反射面有多个反射单元，基站通过信道估计方法估计出发射信号在智能反射面处的到达角θin；Step 1: The user is equipped with a single antenna, the base station is equipped with multiple antennas, and the smart reflective surface has multiple reflection units. The base station estimates the arrival angle θin of the transmitted signal at the smart reflective surface through the channel estimation method;
步骤2：基站根据用户需求确定智能反射面反射信号的广播角度范围，即广播角度的最小值和最大值，Step 2: The base station determines the broadcast angle range of the signal reflected by the intelligent reflective surface according to user needs, that is, the minimum and maximum broadcast angle,
步骤3：基站选取合适的角度域采样点数目M，并根据M确定天线响应矩阵F，并根据M以及步骤2中的广播角度范围确定目标矢量g的幅度响应；Step 3: The base station selects the appropriate number of angle domain sampling points M, determines the antenna response matrix F based on M, and determines the amplitude response of the target vector g based on M and the broadcast angle range in step 2;
步骤4：基站确定目标矢量g的初始相位响应；Step 4: The base station determines the initial phase response of the target vector g;
步骤5：基站根据天线响应矩阵F及目标矢量g的幅度响应和初始相位响应计算出目标矢量g的最终相位响应，再根据最终相位响应计算出待配置的反射系数；Step 5: The base station calculates the final phase response of the target vector g based on the antenna response matrix F and the amplitude response and initial phase response of the target vector g, and then calculates the reflection coefficient to be configured based on the final phase response;
步骤6：基站为智能反射面配置该反射系数。Step 6: The base station configures the reflection coefficient for the intelligent reflective surface.
作为优选，步骤3中，天线响应矩阵F的计算方法如下：As a preference, in step 3, the antenna response matrix F is calculated as follows:
其中F(m,:)表示矩阵的第m行，α1(m)表示第m个采样角度对应的阵列响应矢量，α2(θin)表示θin对应的阵列响应矢量，.*代表矢量的点乘。Where F(m,:) represents the m-th row of the matrix, α1 (m) represents the array response vector corresponding to the m-th sampling angle, α2 (θin ) represents the array response vector corresponding to θin , .* represents the vector point multiplication.
作为优选，步骤3中，目标矢量g的幅度响应设置如下：As a preference, in step 3, the amplitude response of the target vector g is set as follows:
|gm|代表g中第m个元素的幅度值，代表向下取整符号，/>代表向上取整符号，P代表过渡带内的采样点数，i代表过渡带的采样点到广播角度边界采样点的点数距离。当第m个采样点的角度处于广播角度范围时，幅度值设置为1，当该角度处于过渡带角度范围时，幅度值设置为/>否则设置为0。|gm | represents the amplitude value of the m-th element in g, Represents the rounding down symbol, /> represents the upward rounding sign, P represents the number of sampling points in the transition zone, and i represents the distance in points from the sampling point in the transition zone to the broadcast angle boundary sampling point. When the angle of the m-th sampling point is within the broadcast angle range, the amplitude value is set to 1. When the angle is within the transition zone angle range, the amplitude value is set to/> Otherwise set to 0.
作为优选，步骤4中，目标矢量g的初始相位响应设置如下：As a preference, in step 4, the initial phase response of the target vector g is set as follows:
代表g中第m个元素的初始相位值，j代表复数符号，/>代表斜率，通常取值为2，即k＝2*M。 represents the initial phase value of the m-th element in g, j represents the complex symbol, /> Represents the slope, usually the value is 2, that is, k=2*M.
作为优选，步骤5中，最终相位响应的计算方式为：As a preference, in step 5, the final phase response is calculated as:
∠gm代表g中第m个元素的最终相位值，W代表[0,2π]内的角度集，gm(w)代表第m个元素中以w为角度对应的目标矢量，F-1代表天线响应矩阵F的伪逆矩阵。∠gm represents the final phase value of the m-th element in g, W represents the angle set within [0,2π], gm (w) represents the target vector corresponding to w as the angle in the m-th element, F-1 Represents the pseudo-inverse matrix of the antenna response matrix F.
作为优选，步骤5中，待配置的反射系数的计算方式为：Preferably, in step 5, the reflection coefficient to be configured is calculated as:
g代表最终相位响应对应的目标矢量，max|F-1g|代表矢量F-1g中元素的最大幅度值。g represents the target vector corresponding to the final phase response, and max|F-1 g| represents the maximum amplitude value of the element in the vector F-1 g.
本发明相比现有技术，具有以下有益效果：Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:
本发明通过在角度域选取合适的采样点数，依次计算出天线响应矩阵和目标矢量的相位响应，最后计算出反射系数，智能反射面通过配置该反射系数即可实现在给定反射角度范围内的均匀信号广播。The present invention selects an appropriate number of sampling points in the angle domain, sequentially calculates the phase response of the antenna response matrix and the target vector, and finally calculates the reflection coefficient. The intelligent reflective surface can achieve reflection within a given reflection angle range by configuring the reflection coefficient. Uniform signal broadcast.
附图说明Description of the drawings
图1为实施例一中不同方法的信号广播效果与理想广播效果的对比图；Figure 1 is a comparison diagram of the signal broadcasting effect and the ideal broadcasting effect of different methods in Embodiment 1;
图2为实施例二中不同方法的信号广播效果与理想广播效果的对比图；Figure 2 is a comparison chart between the signal broadcasting effect of different methods and the ideal broadcasting effect in Embodiment 2;
图3为实施例一中不同方法的实际信号广播效果对比图；Figure 3 is a comparison chart of actual signal broadcasting effects of different methods in Embodiment 1;
图4为实施例二中不同方法的实际信号广播效果对比图。Figure 4 is a comparison chart of actual signal broadcasting effects of different methods in Embodiment 2.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面结合附图和具体实施例，进一步阐明本发明，应理解这些实例仅用于说明本发明而不用于限制本发明的范围，在阅读了本发明之后，本领域技术人员对本发明的各种等价形式的修改均落于本申请所附权利要求所限定的范围。The present invention will be further clarified below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific examples. It should be understood that these examples are only used to illustrate the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. After reading the present invention, those skilled in the art will have a clear understanding of various aspects of the present invention. Modifications to the price form are within the scope defined by the appended claims of this application.
一种智能反射面辅助通信的信号广播方法，它首先在角度域选取合适的采样点数，并根据采样点数确定天线响应矩阵，再依次计算出目标矢量的最终相位响应，最后计算出待配置的反射系数，能够达到在给定广播角度范围内让波束均匀分配的效果。其包括如下步骤：A signal broadcast method for intelligent reflective surface-assisted communication. It first selects an appropriate number of sampling points in the angle domain, determines the antenna response matrix based on the number of sampling points, then calculates the final phase response of the target vector in turn, and finally calculates the reflection to be configured. Coefficient can achieve the effect of evenly distributing beams within a given broadcast angle range. It includes the following steps:
步骤1：用户配备单天线，基站配备多天线，智能反射面有多个反射单元，基站通过信道估计方法估计出发射信号在智能反射面处的到达角θin。本实例中设置基站天线数为16，智能反射面有N＝128个反射单元，智能反射面处信号到达角为即150°。Step 1: The user is equipped with a single antenna, the base station is equipped with multiple antennas, and the smart reflective surface has multiple reflection units. The base station estimates the arrival angle θin of the transmitted signal at the smart reflective surface through the channel estimation method. In this example, the number of base station antennas is set to 16, the smart reflective surface has N=128 reflection units, and the signal arrival angle at the smart reflective surface is That is 150°.
步骤2：基站根据用户需求确定智能反射面反射信号的广播角度范围，即广播角度的最小值和最大值，本实例中设置/>即50°，/>即100°。Step 2: The base station determines the broadcast angle range of the signal reflected by the intelligent reflective surface according to user needs, that is, the minimum and maximum broadcast angle, Set in this example/> That is 50°,/> That is 100°.
步骤3：基站选取合适的角度域采样点数目M，并根据M确定天线响应矩阵F，并根据M以及步骤2中的广播角度范围确定目标矢量g的幅度响应。本实例中选取角度域采样点数目为M＝2*N＝256，为θin对应的阵列响应矢量，/>为第m个采样角度对应的阵列响应矢量，ΔIRS是对波长归一化后的智能反射面天线单元的距离。天线响应矩阵F的计算公式为：/>F(m,:)表示矩阵的第m行，.*代表矢量的点乘。Step 3: The base station selects an appropriate number M of angle domain sampling points, determines the antenna response matrix F based on M, and determines the amplitude response of the target vector g based on M and the broadcast angle range in step 2. In this example, the number of angle domain sampling points selected is M=2*N=256. is the array response vector corresponding to θin ,/> is the array response vector corresponding to the m-th sampling angle, and ΔIRS is the distance of the smart reflector antenna unit normalized to the wavelength. The calculation formula of the antenna response matrix F is:/> F(m,:) represents the m-th row of the matrix, .* represents the dot product of the vector.
本实例中选取过渡带内的采样点数为P＝20，则目标矢量g的幅度响应设置为：In this example, the number of sampling points in the transition zone is selected as P=20, then the amplitude response of the target vector g is set to:
步骤4：基站确定目标矢量g的初始相位响应。本实例中，目标矢量g的初始相位响应为：Step 4: The base station determines the initial phase response of the target vector g. In this example, the initial phase response of the target vector g is:
代表g中第m个元素的初始相位值，j代表复数符号。 represents the initial phase value of the m-th element in g, and j represents the complex sign.
步骤5：基站根据天线响应矩阵F及目标矢量g的幅度响应和初始相位响应计算出目标矢量g的最终相位响应，再根据最终相位响应计算出待配置的反射系数。本实例中[0,2π]内的角度集选取为即将[0,2π]之间的角度均匀划分为180个点。首先计算出第52个元素的最终相位响应，其中g52(w)代表第52个元素中以w为角度对应的目标矢量，其计算方式为/>则最终相位响应为Step 5: The base station calculates the final phase response of the target vector g based on the antenna response matrix F and the amplitude response and initial phase response of the target vector g, and then calculates the reflection coefficient to be configured based on the final phase response. In this example, the angle set within [0,2π] is selected as That is, the angle between [0,2π] is evenly divided into 180 points. First, calculate the final phase response of the 52nd element, where g52 (w) represents the target vector corresponding to the angle w in the 52nd element, and its calculation method is/> Then the final phase response is
在计算出∠g52后，开始计算∠g53，其中g53(w)中第52个元素的相位为已计算出的∠g52，g53(w)的计算方式为即目标矢量中已计算出最终相位响应的元素不再使用其初始相位响应。以此类推，在计算第q个元素的最终相位响应时，其目标矢量应该设置为/>其最终相位响应为After calculating ∠g52 , start calculating ∠g53 , where the phase of the 52nd element in g53 (w) is the calculated ∠g52 , and the calculation method of g53 (w) is That is, elements in the target vector for which the final phase response has been calculated no longer use their initial phase response. By analogy, when calculating the final phase response of the q-th element, its target vector should be set to/> Its final phase response is
依次计算出不同元素的最终相位响应后，求出最终相位响应对应的目标矢量为：待配置的反射系数计算公式为：/>其中max|F-1g|代表矢量F-1g中元素的最大幅度值。After calculating the final phase responses of different elements in sequence, the target vector corresponding to the final phase response is found: The calculation formula of the reflection coefficient to be configured is:/> where max|F-1 g| represents the maximum amplitude value of the element in vector F-1 g.
步骤6：基站为智能反射面配置该反射系数，可以开始信号广播。Step 6: The base station configures the reflection coefficient for the intelligent reflective surface and can start signal broadcasting.
实施例二：Example 2:
步骤1：用户配备单天线，基站配备多天线，智能反射面有多个反射单元，基站通过信道估计方法估计出发射信号在智能反射面处的到达角θin。本实例中设置基站天线数为32，智能反射面有N＝256个反射单元，智能反射面处信号到达角为即120°。Step 1: The user is equipped with a single antenna, the base station is equipped with multiple antennas, and the smart reflective surface has multiple reflection units. The base station estimates the arrival angle θin of the transmitted signal at the smart reflective surface through the channel estimation method. In this example, the number of base station antennas is set to 32, the smart reflective surface has N=256 reflection units, and the signal arrival angle at the smart reflective surface is That is 120°.
步骤2：基站根据用户需求确定智能反射面反射信号的广播角度范围，即广播角度的最小值和最大值，本实例中设置/>即120°，/>即150°。Step 2: The base station determines the broadcast angle range of the signal reflected by the intelligent reflective surface according to user needs, that is, the minimum and maximum broadcast angle, Set in this example/> That is 120°,/> That is 150°.
步骤3：基站选取合适的角度域采样点数目M，并根据M确定天线响应矩阵F，并根据M以及步骤2中的广播角度范围确定目标矢量g的幅度响应。本实例中选取角度域采样点数目为M＝1.5*N＝384，为θin对应的阵列响应矢量，/>为第m个采样角度对应的阵列响应矢量，ΔIRS是对波长归一化后的智能反射面天线单元的距离。天线响应矩阵F的计算公式为：/>F(m,:)表示矩阵的第m行，.*代表矢量的点乘。Step 3: The base station selects an appropriate number M of angle domain sampling points, determines the antenna response matrix F based on M, and determines the amplitude response of the target vector g based on M and the broadcast angle range in step 2. In this example, the number of angle domain sampling points selected is M=1.5*N=384. is the array response vector corresponding to θin ,/> is the array response vector corresponding to the m-th sampling angle, and ΔIRS is the distance of the smart reflector antenna unit normalized to the wavelength. The calculation formula of the antenna response matrix F is:/> F(m,:) represents the m-th row of the matrix, .* represents the dot product of the vector.
本实例中选取过渡带内的采样点数为P＝25，则目标矢量g的幅度响应设置为：In this example, the number of sampling points in the transition zone is selected as P=25, then the amplitude response of the target vector g is set to:
步骤4：基站确定目标矢量g的初始相位响应。本实例中，目标矢量g的初始相位响应为：Step 4: The base station determines the initial phase response of the target vector g. In this example, the initial phase response of the target vector g is:
代表g中第m个元素的初始相位值，j代表复数符号。 represents the initial phase value of the m-th element in g, and j represents the complex sign.
步骤5：基站根据天线响应矩阵F及目标矢量g的幅度响应和初始相位响应计算出目标矢量g的最终相位响应，再根据最终相位响应计算出待配置的反射系数。本实例中[0,2π]内的角度集选取为即将[0,2π]之间的角度均匀划分为180个点。首先计算出第237个元素的最终相位响应，其中g237(w)代表第237个元素中以w为角度对应的目标矢量，其计算方式为/>则最终相位响应为Step 5: The base station calculates the final phase response of the target vector g based on the antenna response matrix F and the amplitude response and initial phase response of the target vector g, and then calculates the reflection coefficient to be configured based on the final phase response. In this example, the angle set within [0,2π] is selected as That is, the angle between [0,2π] is evenly divided into 180 points. First, calculate the final phase response of the 237th element, where g237 (w) represents the target vector corresponding to the angle w in the 237th element, and its calculation method is/> Then the final phase response is
在计算出∠g237后，开始计算∠g238，其中g238(w)中第237个元素的相位为已计算出的∠g237，g238(w)的计算方式为即目标矢量中已计算出最终相位响应的元素不再使用其初始相位响应。以此类推，在计算第q个元素的最终相位响应时，其目标矢量应该设置为/>其最终相位响应为After calculating ∠g237 , start calculating ∠g238 , where the phase of the 237th element in g238 (w) is the calculated ∠g237 , and the calculation method of g238 (w) is That is, elements in the target vector for which the final phase response has been calculated no longer use their initial phase response. By analogy, when calculating the final phase response of the q-th element, its target vector should be set to/> Its final phase response is
依次计算出不同元素的最终相位响应后，求出最终相位响应对应的目标矢量为：待配置的反射系数计算公式为：/>其中max|F-1g|代表矢量F-1g中元素的最大幅度值。After calculating the final phase responses of different elements in sequence, the target vector corresponding to the final phase response is found: The calculation formula of the reflection coefficient to be configured is:/> where max|F-1 g| represents the maximum amplitude value of the element in vector F-1 g.
步骤6：基站为智能反射面配置该反射系数，可以开始信号广播。Step 6: The base station configures the reflection coefficient for the intelligent reflective surface and can start signal broadcasting.
为了更好的将本发明方法与其他方法进行对比，除了上述两个实施例外，仿真结果图中还将出现两种对比的方法。第一种方法中目标矢量g设置的初始相位响应并非步骤4中的线性相位响应，而是随机相位响应，其余执行步骤均与上述实施例相同；第二种方法中目标矢量g在步骤5中并不计算最终相位响应，而是直接将步骤4中的初始相位响应当作最终相位响应来计算待配置的反射系数，其余执行步骤均与上述实施例相同。In order to better compare the method of the present invention with other methods, in addition to the above two embodiments, two comparative methods will also appear in the simulation result diagram. In the first method, the initial phase response set by the target vector g is not the linear phase response in step 4, but a random phase response. The remaining execution steps are the same as the above embodiment; in the second method, the target vector g is set in step 5. The final phase response is not calculated, but the initial phase response in step 4 is directly used as the final phase response to calculate the reflection coefficient to be configured. The remaining execution steps are the same as in the above embodiment.
图1和图2分别为实施例一和实施例二中不同方法的信号广播效果与理想广播效果的对比图，从中可以看出，将接收功率进行归一化之后，不同方法基本上都能满足在给定广播角度范围内实现均匀广播的效果。图3和图4分别为实施例一和实施例二中不同方法的实际信号广播效果对比图，从中可以看出，如果将评价指标从归一化接收功率变为实际接收功率，则本发明方法的实际接收功率明显优于其他两种对比方法。仿真结果图说明尽管三种方法在给定角度范围内都能实现均匀广播，但本发明方法的实际接收功率更大，对用户更有利，能够提高通信质量。Figure 1 and Figure 2 are respectively a comparison chart of the signal broadcasting effect and the ideal broadcasting effect of different methods in Embodiment 1 and Embodiment 2. It can be seen from it that after normalizing the received power, different methods can basically meet the requirements. Achieve the effect of uniform broadcast within a given broadcast angle range. Figures 3 and 4 are comparison charts of actual signal broadcasting effects of different methods in Embodiment 1 and Embodiment 2 respectively. It can be seen from them that if the evaluation index is changed from normalized received power to actual received power, the method of the present invention will The actual received power is significantly better than the other two comparison methods. The simulation result diagram illustrates that although the three methods can achieve uniform broadcast within a given angle range, the actual received power of the method of the present invention is greater, which is more beneficial to users and can improve communication quality.
以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式，应当指出：对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明原理的前提下，还可以做出若干改进和润饰，这些改进和润饰也应视为本发明的保护范围。The above are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention. It should be pointed out that those of ordinary skill in the art can make several improvements and modifications without departing from the principles of the present invention. These improvements and modifications can also be made. should be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
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| KR20160134436A (en)* | 2015-05-13 | 2016-11-23 | 주식회사 만도 | Method for estimating direction of arrival and apparatus for estimating direction of arrival using the same |
| CN112887002A (en)* | 2021-01-13 | 2021-06-01 | 之江实验室 | Wave beam domain channel angle estimation method for intelligent reflector auxiliary communication |
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| KR20160134436A (en)* | 2015-05-13 | 2016-11-23 | 주식회사 만도 | Method for estimating direction of arrival and apparatus for estimating direction of arrival using the same |
| CN112887002A (en)* | 2021-01-13 | 2021-06-01 | 之江实验室 | Wave beam domain channel angle estimation method for intelligent reflector auxiliary communication |
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