CN114431921A - Ultrasonic scalpel and its blade - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses an ultrasonic scalpel and a scalpel head thereof, wherein the ultrasonic scalpel comprises a cylindrical main body, the near end of the main body is provided with a connecting structure, the far end of the main body is provided with the scalpel head, the scalpel head comprises a blade positioned at the far end and a sawtooth row at least positioned at one side of the blade and extending along the axis of the main body, the sawtooth row is two rows side by side, each row of sawtooth row is formed by arranging one row of sawteeth, and the tooth tips of the two rows of sawteeth face to opposite directions. The double-row reversely-arranged hook tooth structure design ensures that enough cutting force exists in the whole period, can improve the cutting efficiency in multiples on the premise of not increasing the stress value, and reduces the power output requirement on a host; the tool bit can carry out the coupling with the load well in the cutting process, and the operator only need hold the cutter and cut can, has improved the comfortable degree of use.

Description

Translated fromChinese

超声手术刀及其刀头Ultrasonic scalpel and its blade

技术领域technical field

本发明涉及手术器械技术领域，具体地涉及一种超声手术刀及其刀头。The invention relates to the technical field of surgical instruments, in particular to an ultrasonic scalpel and a blade head thereof.

背景技术Background technique

随着现代医学的迅猛发展，超声手术仪器已越来越多地应用于临床外科手术治疗中，它将超声能量应用于外科手术，具有切割精细、安全、组织选择性和低温止血等特点，极大地丰富了外科手术的手段，提升了外科手术的质量，一定程度上减轻了患者的病痛。其中，超声手术刀就是一种具有特定应用功能的超声手术仪器。With the rapid development of modern medicine, ultrasonic surgical instruments have been increasingly used in clinical surgical treatment. It applies ultrasonic energy to surgical operations. It has the characteristics of fine cutting, safety, tissue selectivity and low temperature hemostasis. The earth has enriched the means of surgery, improved the quality of surgery, and relieved the pain of patients to a certain extent. Among them, the ultrasonic scalpel is an ultrasonic surgical instrument with specific application functions.

目前的超声手术刀一般分为两种形式，如美国专利US8343178所揭示的一种超声手术刀，位于远端的工作头为光滑的刀刃结构，即该专利中揭示的附图标记20、22、24揭示的部分，该刀刃结构包括远端刀刃和位于其两侧的侧面刀刃，远端刀刃与侧面刀刃圆滑过渡。这种形式的刀刃结构的切割效率不高。The current ultrasonic scalpel is generally divided into two forms, such as an ultrasonic scalpel disclosed in US Pat. No. 8,343,178. The working head at the distal end is a smooth blade structure, namely thereference numerals 20, 22, 24, the blade structure includes a distal blade and side blades located on both sides thereof, and the distal blade and the side blade have a smooth transition. The cutting efficiency of this form of blade structure is not high.

因此，美国专利USD667117揭示了另一种超声手术刀的刀刃结构，远端的刀刃采用刀片形式，刀刃的两侧采用正三角形锯齿形式。这样就可以增加超声手术刀的手术使用场景，正三角形锯齿可以切割相对较硬的骨头或其他组织。但是由于存在超声高频振荡产生的高内应力的存在，无法在锯齿造型上做的如传统行业那般形状激进，齿形深且锋利。为了协调锯齿内应力和切割效率，欧洲专利EP3586774揭示了另一种超声手术刀的切割刀刃。Therefore, US Patent USD667117 discloses another blade structure of an ultrasonic scalpel. The distal blade is in the form of a blade, and the two sides of the blade are in the form of regular triangular serrations. In this way, the surgical use of the ultrasonic scalpel can be increased, and the equilateral triangular serrations can cut relatively hard bones or other tissues. However, due to the existence of high internal stress generated by ultrasonic high-frequency oscillation, it is impossible to make the shape of the sawtooth as radical as the traditional industry, and the tooth shape is deep and sharp. In order to coordinate the internal stress of the saw teeth and the cutting efficiency, European patent EP3586774 discloses another cutting edge of an ultrasonic scalpel.

发明内容SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

本发明的目的是克服现有技术存在的不足，提供一种高效切割的超声手术刀及其刀头。The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies existing in the prior art, and to provide an ultrasonic scalpel for efficient cutting and a cutter head thereof.

本发明的目的通过以下技术方案来实现：The object of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:

一种超声手术刀，包括圆柱形的主体，所述主体的近端为一连接结构，远端设置有刀头，所述刀头包括位于最远端的刀刃和至少位于其一侧沿主体轴线延伸设置的锯齿排，所述锯齿排为并排的两列，每列锯齿排均由一列锯齿排列而成，两列所述锯齿排的齿尖的朝向相反。An ultrasonic scalpel comprises a cylindrical main body, the proximal end of the main body is a connecting structure, the distal end is provided with a cutter head, the cutter head comprises a cutting edge located at the most distal end and at least one side of the main body along the axis of the main body The extended sawtooth rows are arranged in two parallel rows, each row of sawtooth rows is formed by one row of sawtooth rows, and the tooth tips of the two rows of the sawtooth rows are in opposite directions.

优选的，所述锯齿的前角γ为正前角。Preferably, the rake angle γ of the saw teeth is a positive rake angle.

优选的，所述锯齿的前角γ为15°±5°。Preferably, the rake angle γ of the saw teeth is 15°±5°.

优选的，所述锯齿的后角α为20°±10°。Preferably, the relief angle α of the saw teeth is 20°±10°.

优选的，所述锯齿的齿尖角β不小于45°。Preferably, the tooth tip angle β of the saw teeth is not less than 45°.

优选的，所述锯齿排的锯齿齿间距为1.3mm至1.7mm之间。Preferably, the tooth pitch of the saw tooth row is between 1.3 mm and 1.7 mm.

优选的，两列所述锯齿排中相应的锯齿的齿根在超声手术刀厚度方向为相互重叠的共齿底结构。Preferably, the tooth roots of the corresponding serrations in the two serration rows are mutually overlapping common tooth bottom structures in the thickness direction of the ultrasonic scalpel.

优选的，所述超声手术刀在厚度方向分别具有两个端面，至少一个所述端面上开设有凹槽。Preferably, the ultrasonic scalpel has two end faces in the thickness direction, and at least one of the end faces is provided with a groove.

优选的，所述刀刃为刃口刀刃，钝口刀刃，及锯齿刀刃的至少一种。Preferably, the blade is at least one of an edge blade, a blunt blade, and a serrated blade.

优选的，所述刀头包括位于最远端的刀刃和分别对称设于其两侧沿主体轴线延伸设置的两条锯齿排。Preferably, the cutting head comprises a cutting edge located at the most distal end and two serration rows symmetrically arranged on both sides thereof and extending along the axis of the main body.

优选的，所述刀头包括位于最远端的刀刃和位于其一侧沿主体轴线延伸设置的锯齿排，以及位于其对称的另一侧的切割刃。Preferably, the cutting head comprises a cutting edge located at the most distal end and a serration row located on one side thereof extending along the axis of the main body, and a cutting edge located on the other symmetrical side thereof.

本发明还揭示了一种超声手术刀的刀头，所述刀头包括位于最远端的刀刃和至少位于其一侧沿主体轴线延伸设置的锯齿排，所述锯齿排包括锯齿，所述锯齿为龟背齿，其前角γ为15°±5°，后角α为20°±10°。The invention also discloses a cutter head of an ultrasonic scalpel. The cutter head includes a cutting edge located at the most distal end and a serration row extending along the axis of the main body at least on one side of the cutter head. The serration row comprises serrations, and the serrations are It is the dorsal tooth of the turtle, its front angle γ is 15°±5°, and the back angle α is 20°±10°.

优选的，所述锯齿排为并排的两列，每列锯齿排均由一列所述锯齿排列而成，两列所述锯齿排的齿尖的朝向相反。Preferably, the sawtooth rows are two side-by-side rows, each row of sawtooth rows is formed by one row of the sawtooth rows, and the tooth tips of the two rows of sawtooth rows are oriented in opposite directions.

优选的，所述锯齿的齿尖角β不小于45°。Preferably, the tooth tip angle β of the saw teeth is not less than 45°.

优选的，所述锯齿排的锯齿齿间距为1.3mm至1.7mm之间。Preferably, the tooth pitch of the saw tooth row is between 1.3 mm and 1.7 mm.

优选的，两列所述锯齿排中相应的锯齿的齿根在超声手术刀厚度方向为相互重叠的共齿底结构。Preferably, the tooth roots of the corresponding serrations in the two serration rows are mutually overlapping common tooth bottom structures in the thickness direction of the ultrasonic scalpel.

优选的，所述超声手术刀在厚度方向分别具有两个端面，至少一个所述端面上开设有凹槽。Preferably, the ultrasonic scalpel has two end faces in the thickness direction, and at least one of the end faces is provided with a groove.

优选的，所述刀刃为刃口刀刃，钝口刀刃，及锯齿刀刃的至少一种。Preferably, the blade is at least one of an edge blade, a blunt blade, and a serrated blade.

优选的，所述刀头包括位于最远端的刀刃和分别对称设于其两侧沿主体轴线延伸设置的两条锯齿排。Preferably, the cutting head comprises a cutting edge located at the most distal end and two serration rows symmetrically arranged on both sides thereof and extending along the axis of the main body.

优选的，所述刀头包括位于最远端的刀刃和位于其一侧沿主体轴线延伸设置的锯齿排，以及位于其对称的另一侧的切割刃。Preferably, the cutting head comprises a cutting edge located at the most distal end and a serration row located on one side thereof extending along the axis of the main body, and a cutting edge located on the other symmetrical side thereof.

本发明的有益效果主要体现在：The beneficial effects of the present invention are mainly reflected in:

双排反向布局的勾齿结构设计，保证在整个周期都有足够的切削力，可以在不增加应力值的前提下成倍的提高切割效率，降低对主机的功率输出需求；The double-row reverse layout of the hook tooth structure design ensures that there is enough cutting force in the whole cycle, which can double the cutting efficiency without increasing the stress value and reduce the power output demand of the host;

切削过程中刀头可以很好地与负载进行耦合，操作者仅需扶住刀具进行切割即可，提高了使用过程的舒适程度；During the cutting process, the cutter head can be well coupled with the load, and the operator only needs to hold the cutter for cutting, which improves the comfort of the use process;

刀头的一侧设置有锯齿排，其对称的另一侧设置有切割刃，操作者可以有选择地选用锯齿排或者切割刃进行切割，扩大了本发明的使用场景。One side of the cutter head is provided with a serrated row, and the other symmetrical side is provided with a cutting edge, and the operator can selectively select the serrated row or the cutting edge for cutting, which expands the application scene of the present invention.

附图说明Description of drawings

下面结合附图对本发明技术方案作进一步说明：The technical scheme of the present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings:

图1：本发明超声手术刀优选实施例的示意图；Fig. 1: the schematic diagram of the preferred embodiment of the ultrasonic scalpel of the present invention;

图2：图1中A部分的放大图；Figure 2: Enlarged view of part A in Figure 1;

图3：图2的正视图；Figure 3: Front view of Figure 2;

图4：图2的俯视图；Figure 4: Top view of Figure 2;

图5：超声波的特性示意图；Figure 5: Schematic diagram of the characteristics of ultrasonic waves;

图6：三种齿形的切削力的对比示意图；Figure 6: Schematic diagram of the comparison of the cutting forces of the three tooth profiles;

图7：前角与切削力的对比示意图；Figure 7: Schematic diagram of the comparison of rake angle and cutting force;

图8：两种齿背形状的对比示意图；Figure 8: Schematic diagram of the comparison of two tooth back shapes;

图9：本发明优选实施例的龟背齿的排列示意图；Fig. 9: the arrangement schematic diagram of the tortoise teeth of the preferred embodiment of the present invention;

图10：本发明超声手术刀第二实施例的刀头的示意图；Fig. 10: A schematic diagram of the cutter head of the second embodiment of the ultrasonic scalpel of the present invention;

图11：本发明超声手术刀第三实施例的刀头的示意图；Figure 11: a schematic diagram of the cutter head of the third embodiment of the ultrasonic scalpel of the present invention;

图12：本发明超声手术刀第三实施例的刀头的另一方向的示意图；Fig. 12: a schematic diagram of another direction of the cutter head of the third embodiment of the ultrasonic scalpel of the present invention;

图13：本发明超声手术刀第四实施例的刀头的示意图；Figure 13: A schematic diagram of the blade head of the fourth embodiment of the ultrasonic scalpel of the present invention;

图14：本发明超声手术刀第五实施例的刀头的示意图；Figure 14: a schematic diagram of the blade head of the fifth embodiment of the ultrasonic scalpel of the present invention;

图15：本发明超声手术刀第六实施例的刀头的示意图。Fig. 15 is a schematic diagram of the cutter head of the sixth embodiment of the ultrasonic scalpel of the present invention.

具体实施方式Detailed ways

以下将结合附图所示的具体实施方式对本发明进行详细描述。但这些实施方式并不限于本发明，本领域的普通技术人员根据这些实施方式所做出的结构、方法、或功能上的变换均包含在本发明的保护范围内。The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the specific embodiments shown in the accompanying drawings. However, these embodiments are not limited to the present invention, and structural, method, or functional transformations made by those of ordinary skill in the art based on these embodiments are all included in the protection scope of the present invention.

在方案的描述中，需要说明的是，术语“中心”、“上”、“下”、“左”、“右”、“前”、“后”、“竖直”、“水平”、“内”、“外”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本发明的限制。此外，术语“第一”、“第二”、“第三”仅用于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性。并且，在方案的描述中，以操作人员为参照，靠近操作者的方向为近端，远离操作者的方向为远端。In the description of the scheme, it should be noted that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "front", "rear", "vertical", "horizontal", " The orientation or positional relationship indicated by "inside", "outside", etc. is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, which is only for convenience and simplification of description, rather than indicating or implying that the indicated device or element must have a specific orientation , constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as limiting the invention. Furthermore, the terms "first", "second", and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed to indicate or imply relative importance. In addition, in the description of the solution, with reference to the operator, the direction close to the operator is the proximal end, and the direction away from the operator is the distal end.

如图1所示，本发明揭示了一种超声手术刀，包括圆柱形的主体111。主体111可以是同一直径的圆柱体，也可以是适应超声能量传输的多节式不同直径的圆柱体。As shown in FIG. 1 , the present invention discloses an ultrasonic scalpel, which includes acylindrical body 111 . Themain body 111 may be a cylinder with the same diameter, or may be a multi-segmented cylinder with different diameters suitable for ultrasonic energy transmission.

所述主体111的近端为一连接结构112，所述连接结构112可以是内螺纹，外螺纹，粘接或者超声焊接等方式，与超声发生器连接。The proximal end of themain body 111 is a connectingstructure 112, and the connectingstructure 112 can be connected to the ultrasonic generator by means of internal threads, external threads, bonding or ultrasonic welding.

所述主体111的远端设置有刀头113。具体如图2至图4所示，所述刀头113包括位于最远端的刀刃101和至少位于其一侧沿主体轴线延伸设置的锯齿排102。本领域的技术人员所熟知的，锯齿排102可以设置在刀头113的任意一侧，当然也可以是图2中揭示的分别对称设于刀刃101的两侧的两条锯齿排102。The distal end of themain body 111 is provided with acutter head 113 . Specifically, as shown in FIG. 2 to FIG. 4 , thecutter head 113 includes acutting edge 101 at the most distal end and aserration row 102 extending along the main body axis at least at one side thereof. As known to those skilled in the art, theserration row 102 can be arranged on any side of thecutter head 113 , and of course can also be twoserration rows 102 symmetrically arranged on both sides of theblade 101 as shown in FIG. 2 .

所述刀头113为本发明的设计要点，如图1至图4所示的优选实施例中，所述刀头113的刀刃101为薄片式渐变的刃口刀刃，具体为：沿超声手术刀厚度方向为圆弧形投影，沿超声手术刀宽度方向为三角形投影110。沿厚度方向为半圆的结构设计，该结构较为圆滑，当刀刃101接触到血管、神经等脆弱组织时，不会对其产生刮伤，且超声的作用会将其推远，再配合足够的冷却水降低热效应，可以对这些组织产生很好的保护效果。沿宽度方向为三角形设计，尖部可以设置有一小平面或者圆弧面，在接触到松质骨及较薄的皮质骨时，锐角角度的尖顶也能对这些组织实现较有效的切割。Thecutter head 113 is the design point of the present invention. In the preferred embodiment shown in FIG. 1 to FIG. 4 , thecutting edge 101 of thecutter head 113 is a blade with a gradual change in thin slices, specifically: along the ultrasonic scalpel The thickness direction is a circular arc projection, and the width direction of the ultrasonic scalpel is atriangular projection 110 . The semicircular structure along the thickness direction is designed, the structure is relatively smooth, when theblade 101 contacts the fragile tissue such as blood vessels, nerves, etc., it will not scratch it, and the effect of ultrasound will push it away, and with sufficient cooling Water reduces thermal effects and can have a very good protective effect on these tissues. It is a triangular design along the width direction, and the tip can be provided with a small flat surface or a circular arc surface. When it comes into contact with cancellous bone and thinner cortical bone, the sharp-angled tip can also achieve more effective cutting of these tissues.

所述刀刃101的半圆弧状顶部结束的两侧末梢各有一个齿尖，该齿尖由两个圆弧段相交成形，形成第一齿尖114。该第一齿尖114由尖端外圆R3mm和内圆R1.5mm组合而成，沿齿尖做切线，可以看出该齿属于-15°±5°的负前角，保证整个刀刃101属于以切为辅，以安全为主的尖端面，减少术中对医生操作精度的要求，更好的保护重要组织。The two ends of the semi-circular arc top of theblade 101 each have a tooth tip, and the tooth tip is formed by intersecting two arc segments to form thefirst tooth tip 114 . Thefirst tooth tip 114 is composed of the outer circle R3mm of the tip and the inner circle R1.5mm. If a tangent is made along the tooth tip, it can be seen that the tooth belongs to the negative rake angle of -15°±5°, ensuring that theentire blade 101 belongs to the The cutting is supplemented by the safety-oriented tip surface, which reduces the requirements for the accuracy of the doctor's operation during the operation and better protects the important tissues.

所述锯齿排102为并排的两列，每列锯齿排102均由一列锯齿103排列而成，本优选实施例中两列所述锯齿排102的锯齿103完全相同。Thesawtooth rows 102 are two parallel rows, and each row ofsawtooth rows 102 is formed by a row ofsawtooth rows 103 . In this preferred embodiment, thesawtooth rows 102 of the two rows ofsawtooth rows 102 are identical.

对于锯齿103来讲，它的运动轨迹为理想简谐振动，如图5所示，从平衡位置零点开始启动，对于正半周，齿尖朝刀头远端行进；对于负半周，朝刀头近端行进。为了保证刀头在正半周和负半周都有相近的切割效果，本发明两列所述锯齿排102的齿尖104、105的朝向相反。For the sawtooth 103, its motion trajectory is an ideal simple harmonic vibration. As shown in Figure 5, it starts from the zero point of the equilibrium position. For the positive half cycle, the tooth tip travels toward the distal end of the cutter head; for the negative half cycle, it moves closer to the cutter head. end travel. In order to ensure that the cutter head has similar cutting effects in the positive half circle and the negative half circle, thetooth tips 104 and 105 of the twoserration rows 102 of the present invention are in opposite directions.

对于锯齿形状来说，有三个重要参数，分别是：For the sawtooth shape, there are three important parameters, namely:

γ：前角122，切削前刀面与垂直平面的夹角；γ:rake angle 122, the angle between the cutting rake face and the vertical plane;

α：后角120，切削面与水平面的夹角；α: The clearance angle is 120, the angle between the cutting surface and the horizontal plane;

β：齿尖角121，前刀面与后刀面所形成的夹角。β:Tooth tip angle 121, the angle formed by the rake face and the flank.

如图6所示的三种齿形，分别为标准齿117（前角为0°），钝齿118（前角为-15°±5°），勾齿119（前角为+15°±5°）。传统的锯齿为等腰三角形齿形，前角γ为负值，属于钝齿118。虽然在运动的正负半周都有相同的效果；但缺点也同样明显，切割效率不足。The three tooth shapes shown in Figure 6 are standard tooth 117 (rake angle is 0°), obtuse tooth 118 (rake angle is -15°±5°), hook tooth 119 (rake angle is +15°±5°) 5°). The traditional sawtooth is an isosceles triangular tooth shape, and the front angle γ is a negative value, which belongs to theblunt tooth 118 . Although it has the same effect in the positive and negative half of the movement; but the disadvantage is also obvious, the cutting efficiency is insufficient.

具体参照图6，对切削行进过程中的刀具受到的切削力进行分析。可以看到，钝齿118的切削力最大，勾齿119的切削力最小，但钝齿有较大的偏离切削面的力Fz，而勾齿的偏离切削面的力Fz为负值。说明传统的等腰三角形锯齿在使用过程中，产生较大的行进切削力，但切削过程中刀头容易被弹开，需要足够大的按压力来稳定刀头。本发明中采用的是勾齿119，即所述锯齿103的前角γ122为正前角。虽然行进切削力仅为钝齿的68%左右，对于相同难度的负载，明显切削效果会更好；且偏离切削面的力Fz为负值，说明切削过程中刀头可以很好地与负载进行耦合，操作者仅需扶住刀具进行切割即可，提高了使用过程的舒适程度。Referring specifically to FIG. 6 , the cutting force received by the tool during the cutting process is analyzed. It can be seen that the cutting force of thecog teeth 118 is the largest, and the cutting force of thehook teeth 119 is the smallest, but the cog teeth have a larger force Fz deviating from the cutting surface, and the force Fz deviating from the cutting surface of the hook teeth is negative. It shows that the traditional isosceles triangular sawtooth generates a large traveling cutting force during the use process, but the cutter head is easily bounced off during the cutting process, and a sufficient pressing force is required to stabilize the cutter head. Thehook teeth 119 are used in the present invention, that is, the rake angle γ122 of thesaw teeth 103 is a positive rake angle. Although the traveling cutting force is only about 68% of the blunt tooth, the cutting effect will be better for the load of the same difficulty; and the force Fz deviating from the cutting surface is a negative value, indicating that the cutter head can be well adjusted to the load during the cutting process. Coupling, the operator only needs to hold the cutter to cut, which improves the comfort of the use process.

为了确定正前角的角度，如图7所示，本发明分别从0度开始至30度均匀设置7种正前角的角度，发现随着正前角角度的加大，行进切削力逐渐下降，在10°开始出现负值的按压力Fz。且随着前角角度的增加，切削力下降的幅度也逐渐放缓。再对这7组齿形的刀头进行模态分析，在设计的工作频率，分析统计最大应力stress的数值，整体应力变化比较小，但也可以看出随着前角角度的增加，应力值先下降后上升，在10°至20°±10°的前角角度附近为最小值。随后，正前角角度增加，最大应力逐渐增加。而且正前角角度的增加，势必会造成齿尖角变小，切削齿尖的强度下降，更容易发生切削疲劳导致齿尖破裂。综上所述，在10°至20°±10°之间的正前角角度设计是合适的，本发明采用的是最优的为15°±5°的正前角γ122。In order to determine the angle of the positive rake angle, as shown in FIG. 7 , the present invention evenly sets 7 kinds of positive rake angle angles from 0 degrees to 30 degrees, and it is found that with the increase of the positive rake angle angle, the traveling cutting force gradually decreases , a negative pressing force Fz begins to appear at 10°. And with the increase of the rake angle, the reduction of the cutting force gradually slowed down. Then carry out modal analysis on the cutter heads of the 7 groups of tooth profiles. At the designed operating frequency, the value of the maximum stress stress is analyzed and counted. The overall stress change is relatively small, but it can also be seen that with the increase of the rake angle, the stress value It first falls and then rises, and the minimum value is around the rake angle of 10° to 20°±10°. Subsequently, the positive rake angle increases and the maximum stress increases gradually. Moreover, the increase of the positive rake angle will inevitably cause the tooth tip angle to become smaller, the strength of the cutting tooth tip will decrease, and it is more likely to cause cutting fatigue and lead to tooth tip cracking. To sum up, the design of the positive rake angle between 10° and 20°±10° is suitable, and the optimal positive rake angle γ122 of 15°±5° is adopted in the present invention.

如图8所示，按照齿背的形状来分，常见的有直背齿123和龟背齿124，本发明采用的是龟背齿124。因为相同前后角的前提下，龟背齿可以有更窄的齿宽，对于齿尖的强度和齿间距的设计有明显的优势。采用如前文相同的方法进行建模分析，我们对后角的大小进行了分析，分别从0°至30°均匀设置7种后角参数（忽略后背与负载的摩擦影响），对切削力进行分析，我们发现随着后角角度的增加，行进切削力有微弱增加的趋势。仅从切削力的角度上来看，后角角度越小越好。但后角角度越小，齿背更容易与剩余的负载组织进行接触，从而增加阻力和摩擦生热；从形态上看，后角角度越小，齿间距就会越大，单位距离内可以放置的齿数会越少，反而切削效果会下降。综合考虑，所以本发明中优选的后角角度为20°±10°。所述锯齿103的齿尖角β121的角度不小于45°。本发明优选齿尖角β121的角度为55°。As shown in FIG. 8 , according to the shape of the dorsum of the teeth, the common ones are straightdorsal teeth 123 andtortoise teeth 124 , and the present invention adopts thetortoise teeth 124 . Because under the premise of the same front and rear angle, the tortoise teeth can have a narrower tooth width, which has obvious advantages for the strength of the tooth tip and the design of the tooth spacing. Using the same method as before for modeling analysis, we analyzed the size of the relief angle, and set 7 kinds of relief angle parameters evenly from 0° to 30° (ignoring the friction between the back and the load). Analysis, we found that with the increase of the relief angle, the cutting force has a slight increase trend. From the point of view of cutting force only, the smaller the relief angle, the better. However, the smaller the relief angle is, the easier it is for the tooth back to come into contact with the remaining load tissue, thereby increasing resistance and frictional heat generation; from a morphological point of view, the smaller the relief angle, the larger the tooth spacing, which can be placed within a unit distance The number of teeth will be less, but the cutting effect will be reduced. Considering it comprehensively, the preferred clearance angle in the present invention is 20°±10°. The angle of the tooth tip angle β121 of thesaw teeth 103 is not less than 45°. In the present invention, the angle of the tooth tip angle β121 is preferably 55°.

如图9所示，按照正前角15°±5°，后角20°±10°设计的龟背齿，齿根圆角R0.25，齿高0.6mm，最短的齿间距为1.05mm。在尽量保证总切割长度相当的前提下，分别按照齿间距125×齿数126：1.1mm×13，1.3mm×11，1.5mm×10，1.7mm×8设计四种不同的齿间距。在本发明设计的谐振频率点分析最大高频内应力，最大应力总是位于最近端齿的根部，随着间距的增加，最大应力逐渐减小，在间距增加到1.5mm后应力减小的值就比较微弱，这时候最大应力主要受最近端齿的位置决定，齿离第一节点距离越近，应力值越高。在总长不变的前提下，取1.3mm至1.7mm是比较合理的选择区间，其中1.5mm齿间距是一个比较优的值。As shown in Figure 9, the tortoise teeth designed according to the positive rake angle of 15°±5° and the back angle of 20°±10°, the root fillet is R0.25, the tooth height is 0.6mm, and the shortest tooth spacing is 1.05mm. Under the premise of ensuring the total cutting length as much as possible, four different tooth spacings are designed according to the tooth spacing 125×the number of teeth 126: 1.1mm×13, 1.3mm×11, 1.5mm×10, and 1.7mm×8. The maximum high-frequency internal stress is analyzed at the resonant frequency point designed by the present invention. The maximum stress is always located at the root of the nearest tooth. With the increase of the spacing, the maximum stress gradually decreases, and the stress decreases when the spacing increases to 1.5mm. It is relatively weak. At this time, the maximum stress is mainly determined by the position of the nearest tooth. The closer the tooth is to the first node, the higher the stress value. Under the premise that the total length remains unchanged, it is a reasonable selection range to take 1.3mm to 1.7mm, and the tooth spacing of 1.5mm is an optimal value.

本发明提出的双排反向布局（即两列所述锯齿排102的齿尖104、105的朝向相反）的勾齿结构设计，保证在对硬组织127切削的整个周期都有足够的切削力，经模拟分析，本发明的结构可以在不增加应力值的前提下成倍的提高切割效率。The double-row reversed layout (that is, thetooth tips 104 and 105 of the twoserration rows 102 are in opposite directions) of the hook tooth structure design proposed by the present invention ensures that there is sufficient cutting force in the entire cycle of cutting thehard tissue 127 , through simulation analysis, the structure of the present invention can double the cutting efficiency without increasing the stress value.

本发明中为避免因位置交错而产生的应力集中而导致的失效断裂风险，本发明采用共齿底结构设计，如图3所示，即两列所述锯齿排102中相应的锯齿103的齿根109在超声手术刀厚度方向为相互重叠在接近一半齿高以下是完全公用的结构，从龟背的圆弧转角开始，齿尖朝前后分成两侧。In the present invention, in order to avoid the risk of failure and fracture caused by stress concentration caused by staggered positions, the present invention adopts a common tooth bottom structure design, as shown in FIG. Theroots 109 overlap each other in the thickness direction of the ultrasonic scalpel, which is a completely common structure below half the tooth height. Starting from the arc corner of the turtle's back, the tooth tips are divided into two sides toward the front and rear.

在术中切割的过程中会遇到另一问题，当对一截面较大，组织较厚的骨质进行离断时，超声手术刀刀头会不可避免地长时间埋入骨质内。现如今主流的超声手术刀皆为片状结构，在厚度方向分别具有两个大面积的端面106。在刀片埋入组织内部时，平面结构会对已切除平面进行长时间的接触，在超声的作用下，会产生大量的热，容易造成切割创面的二次升温而影响骨头愈合。且需要超声发生器输出更多的能量，作用在这个无效输出上，对硬件的输出功率也提出了更高的需求。为解决这一问题，如图10所示的本发明的第二实施例，在每个所述端面106上均开设有凹槽107。该实施例中，所示凹槽107呈跑道形，单侧凹槽的深度不大于总厚度的25%，中间留下的实质大于总厚度的50%，保留足够的机械强度。凹槽的总长度大于切割锯齿的总长度。当然，其他形状的凹槽107也是允许的。Another problem will be encountered in the process of intraoperative cutting. When a bone with a large cross-section and thick tissue is severed, the ultrasonic scalpel blade will inevitably be buried in the bone for a long time. The current mainstream ultrasonic scalpels are all sheet-like structures with two large-area end faces 106 in the thickness direction respectively. When the blade is embedded in the tissue, the plane structure will contact the excised plane for a long time. Under the action of ultrasound, a lot of heat will be generated, which will easily cause the secondary heating of the cutting wound and affect bone healing. In addition, the ultrasonic generator needs to output more energy, acting on this invalid output, which also puts forward a higher demand for the output power of the hardware. To solve this problem, in the second embodiment of the present invention shown in FIG. 10 , agroove 107 is opened on each of the end faces 106 . In this embodiment, thegroove 107 shown is in the shape of a racetrack, the depth of the groove on one side is not more than 25% of the total thickness, and the remaining part in the middle is substantially more than 50% of the total thickness, so as to retain sufficient mechanical strength. The overall length of the grooves is greater than the overall length of the cutting teeth. Of course, other shapes ofgrooves 107 are also permissible.

如图11和图12揭示的本发明的第三实施例，与优选实施例的区别在于，所述刀头113的一侧沿主体轴线延伸设置有锯齿排102，其对称的另一侧设置有切割刃108。这样，操作者可以有选择地选用锯齿排102或者切割刃108进行切割，扩大了本发明的使用场景。The third embodiment of the present invention disclosed in FIGS. 11 and 12 differs from the preferred embodiment in that one side of thecutter head 113 is provided with asawtooth row 102 extending along the main body axis, and the other symmetrical side is provided with aserration row 102 . Cuttingedge 108 . In this way, the operator can selectively select thesawtooth row 102 or thecutting edge 108 for cutting, which expands the application scenarios of the present invention.

如图13揭示的本发明的第四实施例，与第三实施例相比，增加了端面106上的凹槽107。该效果与第二实施例类似，在此不再赘述。In the fourth embodiment of the present invention disclosed in FIG. 13 , compared with the third embodiment,grooves 107 on theend face 106 are added. This effect is similar to that of the second embodiment, and will not be repeated here.

如图14、15所示的第五、第六实施例中，与图1、图10所示的优选实施例、第二实施例相比，所述刀头113的刀刃101为半圆形钝口刀刃。这样，当超声发生器产生的超声波传递至刀刃时，产生更强的驱离的效果，保护血管、神经等脆弱组织，且不易对其产生刮伤，可以对这些组织产生很好的保护效果。如图15所示的第六实施例中，增加了端面106上的凹槽107，该效果与第二实施例类似，在此不再赘述。当然，本领域的技术人员应该熟知，所述刀头113的刀刃101还可以是其他形式，例如锯齿刀刃等。In the fifth and sixth embodiments shown in FIGS. 14 and 15 , compared with the preferred embodiment and the second embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 and 10 , thecutting edge 101 of thecutter head 113 is semi-circular and blunt. Knife blade. In this way, when the ultrasonic wave generated by the ultrasonic generator is transmitted to the blade, it has a stronger driving effect, protects fragile tissues such as blood vessels and nerves, and is not easy to scratch them, which can have a good protective effect on these tissues. In the sixth embodiment as shown in FIG. 15 , agroove 107 on theend face 106 is added, and the effect is similar to that of the second embodiment, and will not be repeated here. Of course, those skilled in the art should know that thecutting edge 101 of the cuttinghead 113 may also be in other forms, such as a serrated cutting edge and the like.

应当理解，虽然本说明书按照实施方式加以描述，但并非每个实施方式仅包含一个独立的技术方案，说明书的这种叙述方式仅仅是为清楚起见，本领域技术人员应当将说明书作为一个整体，各实施方式中的技术方案也可以经适当组合，形成本领域技术人员可以理解的其他实施方式。It should be understood that although this specification is described in terms of embodiments, not every embodiment only includes an independent technical solution, and this description in the specification is only for the sake of clarity, and those skilled in the art should take the specification as a whole, and each The technical solutions in the embodiments can also be appropriately combined to form other embodiments that can be understood by those skilled in the art.

上文所列出的一系列的详细说明仅仅是针对本发明的可行性实施方式的具体说明，它们并非用以限制本发明的保护范围，凡未脱离本发明技艺精神所作的等效实施方式或变更均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。The series of detailed descriptions listed above are only specific descriptions for the feasible embodiments of the present invention, and they are not used to limit the protection scope of the present invention. Changes should all be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (20)

1. An ultrasonic surgical blade characterized in that: including columniform main part (111), the near-end of main part (111) is a connection structure (112), and the distal end is provided with tool bit (113), tool bit (113) are including being located most distal cutting edge (101) and being located at least that one side thereof extends sawtooth row (102) that sets up along the main part axis, sawtooth row (102) are two rows side by side, and every row sawtooth row (102) are formed by arranging a sawtooth (103), two rows the orientation of prong (104, 105) of sawtooth row (102) is opposite.

2. The ultrasonic surgical blade of claim 1, wherein: the rake angle gamma (122) of the saw teeth (103) is a positive rake angle.

3. The ultrasonic surgical blade of claim 2, wherein: the rake angle γ (122) of the serrations (103) is 15 ° ± 5 °.

4. The ultrasonic surgical blade of claim 1, wherein: the relief angle alpha (120) of the saw teeth (103) is 20 DEG + -10 deg.

5. The ultrasonic surgical blade of claim 1, wherein: the tooth tip angle beta (121) of the saw tooth (103) is not less than 45 degrees.

6. The ultrasonic surgical blade of claim 1, wherein: the serration pitch (125) of the serration row (102) is between 1.3mm and 1.7 mm.

7. The ultrasonic surgical blade of claim 1, wherein: the tooth roots (109) of the corresponding saw teeth (103) in the two rows of saw tooth rows (102) are in a mutual overlapped common-tooth-bottom structure in the thickness direction of the ultrasonic scalpel.

8. The ultrasonic surgical blade of claim 1, wherein: the ultrasonic scalpel is provided with two end faces (106) in the thickness direction, and at least one end face (106) is provided with a groove (107).

9. The ultrasonic surgical blade of claim 1, wherein: the cutting edge (101) is at least one of a cutting edge, a blunt edge cutting edge and a sawtooth cutting edge.

10. The ultrasonic surgical blade of any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein: the cutter head (113) comprises a blade (101) positioned at the farthest end and two saw tooth rows (102) which are symmetrically arranged on the two sides of the blade and extend along the axis of the main body.

11. The ultrasonic surgical blade of any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein: the cutting head (113) comprises a cutting edge (101) at the most distal end and a row of saw teeth (102) extending along the axis of the body at one side thereof, and a cutting edge (108) at the other side thereof which is symmetrical.

12. The utility model provides a tool bit of supersound scalpel which characterized in that: the tool bit (113) comprises a cutting edge (101) at the farthest end and a sawtooth row (102) which is at least located on one side of the cutting edge and extends along the axis of the main body, the sawtooth row (102) comprises sawteeth (103), the sawteeth (103) are turtleback teeth, the front angle gamma (122) of the sawtooth is 15 degrees +/-5 degrees, and the rear angle alpha (120) of the sawtooth is 20 degrees +/-10 degrees.

13. The ultrasonic-surgical-blade bit of claim 12, wherein: the sawtooth rows (102) are two rows in parallel, each row of sawtooth rows (102) is formed by arranging one row of sawteeth (103), and the tooth tips (104, 105) of the two rows of sawtooth rows (102) are opposite in direction.

14. The ultrasonic-surgical-blade bit of claim 12, wherein: the tooth tip angle beta (121) of the sawtooth (103) is not less than 45 degrees.

15. The ultrasonic-surgical-blade bit of claim 12, wherein: the tooth spacing (125) of the row of teeth (102) is between 1.3mm and 1.7 mm.

16. The ultrasonic-surgical-blade bit of claim 12, wherein: the tooth roots (109) of the corresponding saw teeth (103) in the two rows of saw teeth (102) are in a mutual overlapped common-tooth-bottom structure in the thickness direction of the ultrasonic scalpel.

17. The ultrasonic-surgical-blade cartridge of claim 12, wherein: the ultrasonic scalpel is provided with two end faces (106) in the thickness direction, and at least one end face (106) is provided with a groove (107).

18. The ultrasonic-surgical-blade cartridge of claim 12, wherein: the cutting edge (101) is at least one of a cutting edge, a blunt edge cutting edge and a sawtooth cutting edge.

19. The ultrasonic-surgical-blade bit of any one of claims 12 to 18, wherein: the cutter head (113) comprises a blade (101) positioned at the farthest end and two sawtooth rows (102) which are symmetrically arranged on the two sides of the blade and extend along the axis of the main body.

20. The ultrasonic-surgical-blade bit of any one of claims 12 to 18, wherein: the cutting head (113) comprises a cutting edge (101) at the most distal end and a row of saw teeth (102) extending along the axis of the body at one side thereof, and a cutting edge (108) at the other side thereof which is symmetrical.

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