CN114427416A - Experimental device and method for simulating temporary plugging fracturing - Google Patents
Experimental device and method for simulating temporary plugging fracturingDownload PDFInfo
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- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/25—Methods for stimulating production
- E21B43/26—Methods for stimulating production by forming crevices or fractures
- E21B43/261—Separate steps of (1) cementing, plugging or consolidating and (2) fracturing or attacking the formation
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B33/00—Sealing or packing boreholes or wells
- E21B33/10—Sealing or packing boreholes or wells in the borehole
- E21B33/13—Methods or devices for cementing, for plugging holes, crevices or the like
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Abstract
Translated fromChinese
Description
Translated fromChinese技术领域technical field
本发明属于油气田开发技术领域，更具体地，涉及一种模拟暂堵压裂的实验装置及方法。The invention belongs to the technical field of oil and gas field development, and more particularly relates to an experimental device and method for simulating temporary plugging and fracturing.
背景技术Background technique
在进行暂堵压裂过程中，为保证暂堵材料有效封堵已有裂缝，提高缝内净压力，实现裂缝转向，在井筒周围形成复杂缝网，需要对不同类型暂堵材料在不同储层及施工条件下的暂堵性能进行模拟、评价。In the process of temporary plugging and fracturing, in order to ensure that the temporary plugging material can effectively plug the existing fractures, increase the net pressure in the fractures, realize the fracture diversion, and form a complex fracture network around the wellbore, different types of temporary plugging materials need to be used in different reservoirs. Simulate and evaluate the temporary plugging performance under construction conditions.
在许洪星(2017)所发明的专利“近井带暂堵室内模拟实验装置及方法(201711294750.4)”中，通过垂直井筒上设置多个分支达到模拟炮眼和裂缝摩阻的效果，进而评价暂堵效果；在郭天魁(2019)所发明的专利“评价堵剂在射孔裂缝中封堵及解堵效果的实验装置及方法(201910143877.9)”中，通过柱塞模拟孔眼及裂缝，评价暂堵效果；在王道成(2017)所发明的专利“一种评价暂堵转向液封堵性能的装置及其测试方法(201710347648.X)”中，通过使用两个腔体分别代表高渗、低渗带，通过注入堵剂实现对高渗带的封堵，随后工作液进入代表低渗带的腔体，从而实现暂堵后工作液的转向；在温庆志(2017)所发明的专利“一种暂堵剂暂堵性能评价实验装置及其工作方法与应用(201710443854.0)”中，通过预置不同裂缝形态的实验板实现对不同裂缝的模拟，进而实现在不同裂缝形态下的封堵效果评价。暂堵压裂模拟实验中需要模拟的物理参数较多，如缝宽、孔眼摩阻、近井摩阻、暂堵剂(暂堵球)在井筒中的运移等，常规的暂堵实验装置多针对单一变量，如缝宽、暂堵材料等，难以涵盖，造成模拟失真的问题。In the patent “Indoor Simulation Experiment Device and Method for Temporary Plugging in the Near-wellbore Zone (201711294750.4)” invented by Xu Hongxing (2017), the effect of simulating the frictional resistance of blastholes and fractures is achieved by setting multiple branches on the vertical wellbore, and then the temporary plugging is evaluated. Effect; in the patent "Experimental Device and Method for Evaluating the Plugging and Unblocking Effects of Plugging Agents in Perforated Fractures (201910143877.9)" invented by Guo Tiankui (2019), the temporary plugging effect is evaluated by simulating holes and cracks with a plunger; In the patent "A Device for Evaluating the Plugging Performance of Temporary Blocking Diverting Fluid and Its Test Method (201710347648.X)" invented by Wang Daocheng (2017), by using two cavities to represent the high-permeability and low-permeability zones respectively, The plugging of the high-permeability zone is achieved by injecting a plugging agent, and then the working fluid enters the cavity representing the low-permeability zone, thereby realizing the diversion of the working fluid after temporary plugging. Temporary plugging performance evaluation experimental device and its working method and application (201710443854.0)”, the simulation of different fractures is realized by presetting experimental plates with different fracture forms, and then the plugging effect evaluation under different fracture forms is realized. There are many physical parameters that need to be simulated in the temporary plugging fracturing simulation experiment, such as fracture width, hole friction, near-wellbore friction, migration of temporary plugging agent (temporary plugging ball) in the wellbore, etc. The conventional temporary plugging experimental device Most of them are aimed at a single variable, such as seam width, temporary plugging material, etc., which are difficult to cover, resulting in the problem of simulation distortion.
并且目前的暂堵压裂模拟实验装置尚无综合性的、包含流入动态的实验仿真设备，缺乏对暂堵工艺从井筒到炮眼、缝内的全程模拟，暂堵模拟装置目前不成熟、不全面，制约了该技术的进一步发展。In addition, the current temporary plugging fracturing simulation experimental device has no comprehensive experimental simulation equipment including inflow dynamics, and lacks the full simulation of the temporary plugging process from the wellbore to the blasthole and fractures. The temporary plugging simulation device is currently immature and incomplete. , which restricts the further development of this technology.
因此期待研发一种模拟暂堵压裂的实验装置及方法，实现缝宽、孔眼摩阻、近井摩阻、暂堵材料在井筒中的运移等参数的模拟，以更真实有效的反映暂堵过程中的现象。Therefore, it is expected to develop an experimental device and method for simulating temporary plugging and fracturing, so as to simulate parameters such as fracture width, borehole friction, near-wellbore friction, and the migration of temporary plugging materials in the wellbore, so as to reflect the temporary plugging and fracturing more realistically and effectively. phenomenon during blocking.
发明内容SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
本发明的目的是提供一种模拟暂堵压裂的实验装置及方法，实现缝宽、孔眼摩阻、近井摩阻、暂堵材料在井筒中的运移等参数的模拟，以更真实有效的反映暂堵过程中的现象。The purpose of the present invention is to provide an experimental device and method for simulating temporary plugging and fracturing, so as to realize the simulation of parameters such as fracture width, borehole friction, near-well friction, and temporary plugging material migration in the wellbore, so as to be more realistic and effective. reflects the phenomenon during the temporary blocking process.
为了实现上述目的，本发明提供一种模拟暂堵压裂的实验装置，包括：In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides an experimental device for simulating temporary plugging and fracturing, including:
井筒，所述井筒为透明材质且沿水平方向设置，所述井筒的一端为进水端，另一端封闭，在所述井筒的筒壁上沿所述井筒的长度方向依次设有多个接口；a wellbore, the wellbore is made of transparent material and arranged in a horizontal direction, one end of the wellbore is a water inlet end, the other end is closed, and a plurality of interfaces are sequentially arranged on the wall of the wellbore along the length of the wellbore;
至少一个炮眼模拟装置，每个所述炮眼模拟装置上包括多个炮眼，所述井筒的至少一个所述接口上设有所述炮眼模拟装置，其他所述接口上设有封闭元件；At least one blasthole simulation device, each of which includes a plurality of blastholes, at least one of the interfaces of the wellbore is provided with the blasthole simulation device, and the other interfaces are provided with sealing elements;
至少一个裂缝模拟装置，所述裂缝模拟装置为透明材质，其内部设有空腔，每个所述裂缝模拟装置安装于一个所述炮眼模拟装置上，使所述空腔通过所述炮眼与所述井筒连通；At least one crack simulation device, the crack simulation device is made of transparent material and has a cavity inside, and each crack simulation device is installed on one of the blasthole simulation devices, so that the cavity passes through the blasthole and all the holes. Describe the wellbore connection;
至少一个测量装置，每个所述测量装置设置于一个所述空腔中的靠近所述炮眼处，用于测量流量和压力；at least one measuring device, each of which is disposed in one of the cavities near the blasthole for measuring flow and pressure;
循环泵，所述循环泵的出水口通过管路连接于所述井筒的进水端，所述裂缝模拟装置的空腔通过管路连接于所述循环泵的进水口。A circulating pump, the water outlet of the circulating pump is connected to the water inlet end of the wellbore through a pipeline, and the cavity of the fracture simulation device is connected to the water inlet of the circulating pump through a pipeline.
可选地，所述炮眼模拟装置呈环状，套设于所述井筒的外壁上，所述多个炮眼贯穿于所述炮眼模拟装置的侧壁且分别与所述接口连通。Optionally, the blasthole simulation device is annular, and is sleeved on the outer wall of the wellbore, and the multiple blastholes penetrate through the sidewall of the blasthole simulation device and communicate with the interface respectively.
可选地，所述炮眼模拟装置为多个，所述多个炮眼模拟装置上的炮眼排布方式及炮眼尺寸不同。Optionally, there are multiple blasthole simulation devices, and blasthole arrangements and blasthole sizes on the multiple blasthole simulation devices are different.
可选地，根据待模拟井筒的裂缝数量确定所述炮眼模拟装置的数量，根据每个裂缝的炮眼数量、炮眼尺寸、炮眼排布方式确定每个所述炮眼模拟装置的炮眼数量、炮眼尺寸、炮眼排布方式。Optionally, the number of the blasthole simulation devices is determined according to the number of cracks in the wellbore to be simulated, and the number of blastholes, the blasthole size, Shothole arrangement.
可选地，所述裂缝模拟装置包括一对平板及多个侧板，所述一对平板相互平行且所述一对平板之间留有缝隙，所述多个侧板沿所述一对平板的边缘依次设置且连接于所述一对平板之间，围成所述空腔；Optionally, the crack simulation device includes a pair of flat plates and a plurality of side plates, the pair of flat plates are parallel to each other and a gap is left between the pair of flat plates, and the plurality of side plates are along the pair of flat plates. The edges of the plates are sequentially arranged and connected between the pair of flat plates to enclose the cavity;
所述裂缝模拟装置上设有通孔，所述通孔贯穿所述一对平板，且所述通孔的轴线与所述一对平板垂直，所述裂缝模拟装置通过所述通孔套设于所述炮眼模拟装置的外侧。The crack simulation device is provided with a through hole, the through hole penetrates the pair of flat plates, and the axis of the through hole is perpendicular to the pair of flat plates, and the crack simulation device is sleeved on the through hole through the through hole. The outside of the blasthole simulator.
可选地，所述裂缝模拟装置为多个，所述多个裂缝模拟装置的一对平板之间的缝隙宽度不同。Optionally, there are multiple crack simulation devices, and gap widths between a pair of flat plates of the multiple crack simulation devices are different.
可选地，根据待模拟井筒的裂缝数量、裂缝宽度，确定所述裂缝模拟装置的数量、缝隙宽度，根据待模拟井筒的相邻裂缝之间的相对位置确定所述裂缝模拟装置的安装位置。Optionally, the number and width of the fracture simulation devices are determined according to the number and width of fractures in the wellbore to be simulated, and the installation position of the fracture simulation device is determined according to relative positions between adjacent fractures in the wellbore to be simulated.
可选地，所述测量装置包括压力计和流量计，所述封闭元件包括丝堵。Optionally, the measuring device includes a pressure gauge and a flow meter, and the closure element includes a plug.
一种模拟暂堵压裂的实验方法，利用上述的实验装置，所述方法包括如下步骤：An experimental method for simulating temporary plugging and fracturing, using the above-mentioned experimental device, the method comprises the following steps:
1)记录测量装置的初始数据；1) Record the initial data of the measuring device;
2)向实验装置中注入暂堵材料进行暂堵压裂模拟实验，获取暂堵材料在不同空腔及炮眼中的分布并记录测量装置的读数；2) Inject temporary plugging material into the experimental device to conduct a temporary plugging fracturing simulation experiment, obtain the distribution of temporary plugging material in different cavities and blastholes, and record the readings of the measuring device;
3)解除暂堵；3) Release the temporary block;
4)对比暂堵前后测量装置的读数，获得暂堵前后不同裂缝模拟装置之间的压力、流量变化。4) Compare the readings of the measuring devices before and after temporary plugging, and obtain the pressure and flow changes between different fracture simulation devices before and after temporary plugging.
可选地，还包括检查所述实验装置的密封性。Optionally, it also includes checking the tightness of the experimental device.
本发明的有益效果在于：在使用本装置进行暂堵压裂模拟实验时，能够模拟真实储层及施工条件设计炮眼模拟装置的炮眼尺寸、数量、布孔方案及裂缝模拟装置的缝宽，并安装在在井筒的对应接口处且利用密封元件封闭其他接口，以针对多个变量进行综合性的仿真模拟；通过预置多个不同炮眼尺寸、数量、布孔方案的炮眼模拟装置、多个不同缝宽的裂缝模拟装置，能够用于模拟不同的储层及施工条件，使用方便、灵活；本装置通过设置不同缝宽的裂缝模拟装置实现不同缝内摩阻的模拟，通过不同孔眼尺寸、数量、布孔方案的炮眼模拟装置实现不同炮眼摩阻的模拟，并通过测量装置直接读取不同裂缝的净压力、流量等数值，实现缝宽、孔眼摩阻、近井摩阻、暂堵材料在井筒中的运移等参数的模拟，更真实有效的反映暂堵过程中的现象，同时，可直观的获取暂堵材料对炮眼的封堵效果以及暂堵材料的缝内暂堵效果。The beneficial effects of the invention are: when the device is used for the simulation experiment of temporary plugging and fracturing, it can simulate the real reservoir and construction conditions to design the blasthole size, quantity, arrangement plan of the blasthole simulation device and the fracture width of the fracture simulation device, and It is installed at the corresponding interface of the wellbore and seals other interfaces with sealing elements to conduct comprehensive simulation for multiple variables; by presetting multiple blasthole simulation devices with different blasthole sizes, numbers, and hole layout schemes, multiple different blasthole simulation devices The fracture simulation device with different fracture width can be used to simulate different reservoirs and construction conditions, which is convenient and flexible to use; this device realizes the simulation of friction resistance in different fractures by setting fracture simulation devices with different fracture widths. , The blasthole simulation device of the hole layout scheme can simulate the friction of different blastholes, and directly read the net pressure, flow and other values of different fractures through the measuring device, so as to realize the fracture width, hole friction, near-well friction, and temporary plugging materials. The simulation of parameters such as migration in the wellbore can reflect the phenomenon during the temporary plugging process more realistically and effectively. At the same time, the plugging effect of the temporary plugging material on the blasthole and the temporary plugging effect in the fracture of the temporary plugging material can be obtained intuitively.
本发明的其它特征和优点将在随后具体实施方式部分予以详细说明。Other features and advantages of the present invention will be described in detail in the detailed description that follows.
附图说明Description of drawings
通过结合附图对本发明示例性实施方式进行更详细的描述，本发明的上述以及其它目的、特征和优势将变得更加明显，其中，在本发明示例性实施方式中，相同的参考标号通常代表相同部件。The above and other objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent from the more detailed description of the exemplary embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein the same reference numerals generally represent the exemplary embodiments of the present invention. same parts.
图1示出了根据本发明的一个实施例的模拟暂堵压裂的实验装置的示意性结构图。Fig. 1 shows a schematic structural diagram of an experimental device for simulating temporary plugging and fracturing according to an embodiment of the present invention.
图2示出了根据本发明的一个实施例的模拟暂堵压裂的实验装置的主视图。FIG. 2 shows a front view of an experimental device for simulating temporary plugging and fracturing according to an embodiment of the present invention.
图3、图4示出了根据本发明的一个实施例的不同缝宽的裂缝模拟装置的示意性结构图。Figures 3 and 4 show schematic structural diagrams of a fracture simulation device with different fracture widths according to an embodiment of the present invention.
图5、图6、图7示出了根据本发明的一个实施例的不同炮眼排布方式的示意图。5 , 6 and 7 are schematic diagrams showing different arrangements of blastholes according to an embodiment of the present invention.
附图标记说明Description of reference numerals
1、井筒；2、裂缝模拟装置；3、炮眼模拟装置；4、暂堵材料；5、接口；6、管路；7、循环泵；8、测量装置；21、缝隙；31；炮眼。1. Wellbore; 2. Fracture simulation device; 3. Blasthole simulation device; 4. Temporary plugging material; 5. Interface; 6. Pipeline; 7. Circulating pump; 8. Measuring device;
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面将更详细地描述本发明的优选实施方式。虽然以下描述了本发明的优选实施方式，然而应该理解，可以以各种形式实现本发明而不应被这里阐述的实施方式所限制。相反，提供这些实施方式是为了使本发明更加透彻和完整，并且能够将本发明的范围完整地传达给本领域的技术人员。Preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in more detail below. While the preferred embodiments of the present invention are described below, it should be understood that the present invention may be embodied in various forms and should not be limited by the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the present invention to those skilled in the art.
在本发明的描述中，需要理解的是，术语“中心”、“纵向”、“横向”、“长度”、“宽度”、“厚度”、“上”、“下”、“前”、“后”、“左”、“右”、“竖直”、“水平”、“顶”、“底”“内”、“外”、“顺时针”、“逆时针”、“轴向”、“径向”、“周向”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本发明和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本发明的限制。In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", " Rear, Left, Right, Vertical, Horizontal, Top, Bottom, Inner, Outer, Clockwise, Counterclockwise, Axial, The orientations or positional relationships indicated by "radial direction", "circumferential direction", etc. are based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, which are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying the indicated devices or elements. It must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operate in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of the present invention.
本发明公开了一种模拟暂堵压裂的实验装置，包括：The invention discloses an experimental device for simulating temporary plugging and fracturing, comprising:
井筒，井筒为透明材质且沿水平方向设置，井筒的一端为进水端，另一端封闭，在井筒的筒壁上沿井筒的长度方向依次设有多个接口；Wellbore, the wellbore is made of transparent material and arranged in the horizontal direction, one end of the wellbore is the water inlet end, the other end is closed, and a plurality of interfaces are arranged on the wall of the wellbore along the length of the wellbore in sequence;
至少一个炮眼模拟装置，每个炮眼模拟装置上包括多个炮眼，井筒的至少一个接口上设有炮眼模拟装置，其他接口上设有封闭元件；At least one blasthole simulation device, each blasthole simulation device includes a plurality of blastholes, at least one interface of the wellbore is provided with a blasthole simulation device, and other interfaces are provided with closing elements;
至少一个裂缝模拟装置，裂缝模拟装置为透明材质，其内部设有空腔，每个裂缝模拟装置安装于一个炮眼模拟装置上，使空腔通过炮眼与井筒连通；At least one fracture simulation device, the fracture simulation device is made of transparent material and has a cavity inside, and each fracture simulation device is installed on a blasthole simulation device, so that the cavity is communicated with the wellbore through the blasthole;
至少一个测量装置，每个测量装置设置于一个空腔中的靠近炮眼处，用于测量流量和压力；at least one measuring device, each measuring device disposed in a cavity near the blasthole for measuring flow and pressure;
循环泵，循环泵的出水口通过管路连接于井筒的进水端，裂缝模拟装置的空腔通过管路连接于循环泵的进水口。Circulating pump, the water outlet of the circulating pump is connected to the water inlet of the wellbore through the pipeline, and the cavity of the fracture simulation device is connected to the water inlet of the circulating pump through the pipeline.
具体地，在使用本装置进行暂堵压裂模拟实验时，能够模拟真实储层及施工条件，设计炮眼模拟装置的炮眼尺寸、数量、布孔方案及裂缝模拟装置的缝宽，并安装在在井筒的对应接口处且利用密封元件封闭其他接口，以针对多个变量进行综合性的仿真模拟；Specifically, when using this device for temporary plugging and fracturing simulation experiments, it can simulate real reservoirs and construction conditions, design the size, number, hole layout plan of the blasthole simulation device, and the fracture width of the fracture simulation device, and install it in the At the corresponding interface of the wellbore and sealing other interfaces with sealing elements to conduct comprehensive simulation for multiple variables;
进一步地，能够通过预置多个不同炮眼尺寸、数量、布孔方案的炮眼模拟装置、多个不同缝宽的裂缝模拟装置，用于模拟不同的储层及施工条件，使用方便、灵活，并且可以模拟在相同注入压力下的不同流量、不同摩阻，明确不同缝宽条件下的进液量及摩阻变化；Further, it can be used to simulate different reservoirs and construction conditions by presetting multiple blasthole simulation devices with different blasthole sizes, numbers, and hole layout schemes, and multiple fracture simulation devices with different fracture widths. It is easy to use, flexible, and It can simulate different flow rates and different frictional resistances under the same injection pressure, and clarify the changes of liquid inflow and frictional resistance under the conditions of different slit widths;
本装置通过设置不同缝宽的裂缝模拟装置实现不同缝内摩阻的模拟，通过不同孔眼尺寸、数量、布孔方案的炮眼模拟装置实现不同炮眼摩阻的模拟，并通过测量装置直接读取不同裂缝的净压力、流量等数值，实现缝宽、孔眼摩阻、近井摩阻、暂堵材料在井筒中的运移等参数的模拟，更真实有效的反映暂堵过程中的现象，同时，采用透明材质可直观的获取暂堵材料对炮眼的封堵效果以及暂堵材料的缝内暂堵效果。The device realizes the simulation of friction resistance in different fractures by setting up fracture simulation devices with different fracture widths, and realizes the simulation of frictional resistance of different blastholes through blasthole simulation devices with different hole sizes, numbers, and hole arrangements, and directly reads different blasthole frictions through the measuring device. The net pressure, flow rate and other values of the fracture can be used to simulate parameters such as fracture width, hole friction, near-wellbore friction, and the migration of temporary plugging materials in the wellbore, which more truly and effectively reflect the phenomenon in the process of temporary plugging. The use of transparent material can intuitively obtain the plugging effect of the temporary plugging material on the blasthole and the temporary plugging effect of the temporary plugging material in the fracture.
可选地，炮眼模拟装置呈环状，套设于井筒的外壁上，多个炮眼贯穿于炮眼模拟装置的侧壁且分别与接口连通。Optionally, the blasthole simulation device is annular, and is sleeved on the outer wall of the wellbore, and a plurality of blastholes penetrate through the sidewall of the blasthole simulation device and are respectively communicated with the interface.
具体地，炮眼模拟装置设置为环状，与井筒的轮廓相适应，可拆卸且方便安装，容易实现密封连接，也可以配合密封圈或者密封胶带使用。Specifically, the blasthole simulation device is set in an annular shape, which is adapted to the contour of the wellbore, is detachable and easy to install, and is easy to achieve sealing connection, and can also be used with a sealing ring or sealing tape.
进一步地，炮眼模拟装置也可以为其他形状，只要能安装于井筒上并对接口进行封堵即可。Further, the blasthole simulation device can also be in other shapes, as long as it can be installed on the wellbore and plug the interface.
可选地，炮眼模拟装置为多个，多个炮眼模拟装置上的炮眼排布方式及炮眼尺寸不同。Optionally, there are multiple blasthole simulation devices, and the blasthole arrangement and size of blastholes on the multiple blasthole simulation devices are different.
具体地，设置多个炮眼排布方式及炮眼尺寸不同的炮眼模拟装置可以用于模拟不同的施工条件及炮眼摩阻。Specifically, setting up multiple blasthole simulation devices with different blasthole arrangements and blasthole sizes can be used to simulate different construction conditions and blasthole friction.
可选地，根据待模拟井筒的裂缝数量确定炮眼模拟装置的数量，根据每个裂缝的炮眼数量、炮眼尺寸、炮眼排布方式确定每个炮眼模拟装置的炮眼数量、炮眼尺寸、炮眼排布方式。Optionally, the number of blasthole simulation devices is determined according to the number of cracks in the wellbore to be simulated, and the number of blastholes, blasthole size, and blasthole arrangement of each blasthole simulation device are determined according to the number of blastholes, blasthole size, and blasthole arrangement for each crack. .
具体地，炮眼模拟装置的数量与待模拟井筒的裂缝数量一致，每个炮眼模拟装置对应于一个裂缝，且每个炮眼模拟装置上的炮眼数量及排布方式与待模拟井筒对应裂缝处实际施工时的炮眼数量及排布方式一致，炮眼尺寸和间距均按比例缩小；Specifically, the number of blasthole simulation devices is consistent with the number of fractures in the wellbore to be simulated, each blasthole simulation device corresponds to one fracture, and the number and arrangement of blastholes on each blasthole simulation device are the same as the actual construction at the corresponding fracture in the wellbore to be simulated. The number and arrangement of blastholes are the same, and the size and spacing of blastholes are proportionally reduced;
进一步地，根据待模拟井筒的各项参数制作相应的炮眼模拟装置和裂缝模拟装置，进行仿真模拟，使装置更接近真实条件，模拟效果更好，使获得的数据更真实。Further, according to the parameters of the wellbore to be simulated, the corresponding blasthole simulation device and fracture simulation device are made, and simulation is carried out, so that the device is closer to the real conditions, the simulation effect is better, and the obtained data is more realistic.
可选地，裂缝模拟装置包括一对平板及多个侧板，一对平板相互平行且一对平板之间留有缝隙，多个侧板沿一对平板的边缘依次设置且连接于一对平板之间，围成空腔；Optionally, the crack simulation device includes a pair of flat plates and a plurality of side plates, the pair of flat plates are parallel to each other and a gap is left between the pair of flat plates, and the plurality of side plates are arranged in sequence along the edges of the pair of flat plates and connected to the pair of flat plates. between, forming a cavity;
裂缝模拟装置上设有通孔，通孔贯穿一对平板，且通孔的轴线与一对平板垂直，裂缝模拟装置通过通孔套设于炮眼模拟装置的外侧。The crack simulation device is provided with a through hole, the through hole penetrates a pair of flat plates, the axis of the through hole is perpendicular to the pair of flat plates, and the crack simulation device is sleeved on the outside of the blasthole simulation device through the through hole.
具体地，裂缝模拟装置通过通孔可拆卸的套设于炮眼模拟装置的外侧且与炮眼模拟装置之间密封连接，使井筒中的暂堵材料能够通过炮眼进入腔体中。Specifically, the fracture simulation device is detachably sleeved on the outside of the blasthole simulation device through the through hole and is sealedly connected with the blasthole simulation device, so that the temporary plugging material in the wellbore can enter the cavity through the blasthole.
可选地，裂缝模拟装置为多个，多个裂缝模拟装置的一对平板之间的缝隙宽度不同。Optionally, there are multiple crack simulation devices, and the gap widths between a pair of flat plates of the multiple crack simulation devices are different.
具体地，设置多个不同缝宽的裂缝模拟装置，用于模拟不同的缝内摩阻。Specifically, a plurality of fracture simulation devices with different fracture widths are set up to simulate different frictional resistances in the fractures.
可选地，根据待模拟井筒的裂缝数量、裂缝宽度，确定裂缝模拟装置的数量、缝隙宽度，根据待模拟井筒的相邻裂缝之间的相对位置确定裂缝模拟装置的安装位置。Optionally, the number and width of fracture simulation devices are determined according to the number and width of fractures in the wellbore to be simulated, and the installation position of the fracture simulation device is determined according to relative positions between adjacent fractures in the wellbore to be simulated.
具体地，裂缝模拟装置的数量与待模拟井筒的裂缝数量一致，每个裂缝模拟装置对应于一个裂缝，且每个裂缝模拟装置的安装位置均与待模拟井筒上所对应裂缝的位置相对应，间距及缝隙宽度则按比例缩小；Specifically, the number of fracture simulation devices is consistent with the number of fractures in the wellbore to be simulated, each fracture simulation device corresponds to one fracture, and the installation position of each fracture simulation device corresponds to the position of the corresponding fracture on the wellbore to be simulated, The spacing and gap width are scaled down;
进一步地，根据待模拟井筒的裂缝位置和裂缝宽度制作相应的裂缝模拟装置并选择相应的安装位置，能够更接近真实条件，模拟效果更好，使获得的数据更真实。Further, according to the fracture position and fracture width of the wellbore to be simulated, the corresponding fracture simulation device is fabricated and the corresponding installation position is selected, which can be closer to the real conditions, the simulation effect is better, and the obtained data is more realistic.
可选地，测量装置包括压力计和流量计，封闭元件包括丝堵。Optionally, the measuring device includes a pressure gauge and a flow meter, and the closing element includes a plug.
具体地，可以视需求设置其他种类的测量设备，不限于压力计和流量计；封闭元件可以选用其他种类密封装置，只要能达到封堵效果就可以。Specifically, other types of measuring equipment can be provided as required, not limited to pressure gauges and flow meters; other types of sealing devices can be selected for the sealing element, as long as the blocking effect can be achieved.
一种模拟暂堵压裂的实验方法，利用上述的实验装置，方法包括如下步骤：An experimental method for simulating temporary plugging and fracturing, using the above-mentioned experimental device, the method comprises the following steps:
1)记录测量装置的初始数据；1) Record the initial data of the measuring device;
2)向实验装置中注入暂堵材料进行暂堵压裂模拟实验，获取暂堵材料在不同空腔及炮眼中的分布并记录测量装置的读数；2) Inject temporary plugging material into the experimental device to conduct a temporary plugging fracturing simulation experiment, obtain the distribution of temporary plugging material in different cavities and blastholes, and record the readings of the measuring device;
3)解除暂堵；3) Release the temporary block;
4)对比暂堵前后测量装置的读数，获得暂堵前后不同裂缝模拟装置之间的压力、流量变化。4) Compare the readings of the measuring devices before and after temporary plugging, and obtain the pressure and flow changes between different fracture simulation devices before and after temporary plugging.
具体地，本方法能够同时针对多个变量进行模拟实验，如缝宽、孔眼摩阻、近井摩阻、暂堵材料在井筒中的运移，能够全面获取暂堵材料从井筒到炮眼至缝内的全部过程，能够真实有效的反应暂堵材料的性能。Specifically, this method can simultaneously conduct simulation experiments for multiple variables, such as fracture width, borehole friction, near-wellbore friction, and the migration of temporary plugging materials in the wellbore, and can comprehensively obtain temporary plugging materials from wellbore to blasthole to fractures The whole process inside can truly and effectively reflect the performance of the temporary plugging material.
可选地，还包括检查实验装置的密封性。Optionally, it also includes checking the tightness of the experimental device.
具体地，检查验装置的密封性可以通过循环泵使用清水或压裂液在实验装置中进行管路循环，至实验装置充满液体后逐步提高排量及压力，如果实验装置不漏不渗则说明实验装置的密封性良好。Specifically, to check the tightness of the test device, use water or fracturing fluid to circulate the pipeline in the test device through a circulating pump, and gradually increase the displacement and pressure after the test device is filled with liquid. If the test device does not leak or seep, it means that The tightness of the experimental device is good.
实施例1Example 1
图1示出了本实施例的模拟暂堵压裂的实验装置的示意性结构图；图2示出了本实施例的模拟暂堵压裂的实验装置的主视图；图3、图4示出了不同缝宽的裂缝模拟装置的示意性结构图；图5、图6、图7示出了不同炮眼排布方式的示意图。Figure 1 shows a schematic structural diagram of the experimental device for simulating temporary plugging and fracturing in this embodiment; Figure 2 shows the front view of the experimental device for simulating temporary plugging and fracturing in this embodiment; Figures 3 and 4 show Figure 5, Figure 6, Figure 7 show schematic diagrams of different blasthole arrangements.
如图1、图2所示，井筒1为透明材质(塑料、玻璃等其他适合的透明均可)且沿水平方向设置，井筒1的一端为进水端，另一端封闭，在井筒1的筒壁上沿井筒1的长度方向依次设有四个接口5；As shown in Figures 1 and 2, the wellbore 1 is made of transparent material (plastic, glass and other suitable transparent materials) and is arranged in the horizontal direction. One end of the wellbore 1 is the water inlet end, and the other end is closed. Four
四个炮眼模拟装置3呈环状，套设于井筒1上且与接口5一一对应，每个炮眼模拟装置3上包括多个炮眼31，多个炮眼31贯穿于炮眼模拟装置3的侧壁且分别与接口5连通，每个炮眼模拟装置3上的炮眼31排布方式及尺寸均不同，如图5、图6、图7所示；The four
裂缝模拟装置2为四个，与炮眼模拟装置3一一对应，每个裂缝模拟装置2由透明材质(塑料、玻璃等其他适合的透明材质均可)的一对平板及侧板围成，一对平板相互平行且一对平板之间留有缝隙21，侧板沿一对平板的边缘依次设置且连接于一对平板之间，形成空腔；裂缝模拟装置2上设有通孔，通孔贯穿一对平板，且通孔的轴线与一对平板垂直，裂缝模拟装置2通过通孔套设于炮眼模拟装置3的外侧，使空腔通过炮眼31与井筒1连通；四个裂缝模拟装置2的一对平板之间的缝隙21宽度不同，如图3、图4所示，且两边的两个裂缝模拟装置缝宽较大、中间的两个裂缝模拟装置缝宽较小，用以模拟外侧的优势裂缝和内侧的劣势裂缝；There are four
在每个裂缝模拟装置2的空腔中设置一个测量装置8，该测量装置8设置于空腔内的靠近炮眼31处，包括压力计和流量计，用于测量流量和压力；A measuring
循环泵7的出水口通过管路6连接于井筒1的进水端，四个裂缝模拟装置2的空腔分别通过管路6连接于循环泵7的进水口。The water outlet of the circulating
其中，接口5的位置及间距根据待模拟井筒的裂缝位置和间距设置；炮眼模拟装置3和裂缝模拟装置2的数量根据待模拟井筒的裂缝数量确定；每个炮眼模拟装置3的炮眼31数量、炮眼31尺寸、炮眼31排布方式根据每个裂缝的炮眼数量、炮眼尺寸、炮眼排布方式确定；每个裂缝模拟装置2的缝隙21宽度根据待模拟井筒的裂缝宽度确定；在使用本装置进行暂堵压裂模拟实验时，能够模拟真实储层及施工条件，以针对多个变量进行综合性的仿真模拟。Among them, the position and spacing of the
本装置通过设置不同缝宽的裂缝模拟装置实现不同缝内摩阻的模拟，通过不同孔眼尺寸、数量、布孔方案的炮眼模拟装置实现不同炮眼摩阻的模拟，并通过测量装置直接读取不同裂缝的净压力、流量等数值，实现缝宽、孔眼摩阻、近井摩阻、暂堵材料在井筒中的运移等参数的模拟，更真实有效的反映暂堵过程中的现象，同时，采用透明材质可直观的获取暂堵材料对炮眼的封堵效果以及暂堵材料的缝内暂堵效果The device realizes the simulation of friction resistance in different fractures by setting up fracture simulation devices with different fracture widths, and realizes the simulation of frictional resistance of different blastholes through blasthole simulation devices with different hole sizes, numbers, and hole arrangements, and directly reads different blasthole frictions through the measuring device. The net pressure, flow rate and other values of the fracture can be used to simulate parameters such as fracture width, hole friction, near-wellbore friction, and the migration of temporary plugging materials in the wellbore, which more truly and effectively reflect the phenomenon in the process of temporary plugging. The use of transparent material can intuitively obtain the plugging effect of the temporary plugging material on the blasthole and the temporary plugging effect of the temporary plugging material in the fracture
实施例2Example 2
一种模拟暂堵压裂的实验方法，利用实施例1中的实验装置，方法包括如下步骤：An experimental method for simulating temporary plugging and fracturing, using the experimental device in Example 1, the method includes the following steps:
1)确定实验中的排量，并预估压力；1) Determine the displacement in the experiment and estimate the pressure;
2)检查实验装置的密封性：使用循环泵，利用清水进行管路循环，至实验装置充满液体后逐步提高排量及压力，如果设备不漏不渗则密封性良好；2) Check the tightness of the experimental device: use a circulating pump and use clean water to circulate the pipeline. After the experimental device is filled with liquid, gradually increase the displacement and pressure. If the equipment does not leak or leak, the tightness is good;
3)实验开始前，记录测量装置的初始数据，即各缝隙中靠近炮眼处的压力计、流量计读数，用于实验后分析炮眼、缝内的摩阻及进液量；3) Before the experiment starts, record the initial data of the measuring device, that is, the readings of the pressure gauge and flowmeter near the blasthole in each crevice, which are used to analyze the friction resistance and liquid inflow in the blasthole and the crevice after the experiment;
4)向实验装置中注入暂堵材料进行暂堵压裂模拟实验，获取暂堵材料在不同空腔及炮眼中的分布并记录测量装置的读数，进行暂堵实验时，可根据实验方案结合实际调整此时循环泵的排量；4) Inject temporary plugging materials into the experimental device to conduct temporary plugging fracturing simulation experiments, obtain the distribution of temporary plugging materials in different cavities and blastholes, and record the readings of the measuring device. Adjust the displacement of the circulating pump at this time;
其中，暂堵材料为暂堵球或者暂堵剂，暂堵球或暂堵剂随液流进入井筒，并进入优势裂缝：Among them, the temporary plugging material is a temporary plugging ball or a temporary plugging agent, and the temporary plugging ball or temporary plugging agent enters the wellbore with the liquid flow and enters the dominant fractures:
暂堵球直接坐封于炮眼处，进行暂堵作业；通过透明装置可获取暂堵球对炮眼的封堵效果，如暂堵球的运移路径、暂堵球的封堵数量等，同时通过压力计及流量计读数也可判定封堵结果；The temporary blocking ball is directly seated at the blasthole for temporary blocking operation; through the transparent device, the blocking effect of the temporary blocking ball on the blasthole can be obtained, such as the migration path of the temporary blocking ball, the blocking quantity of the temporary blocking ball, etc. The pressure gauge and flowmeter readings can also determine the blocking result;
暂堵剂随液流循环，并逐渐固结暂堵，可通过透明装置获取暂堵剂在炮眼、缝内的封堵效果，及暂堵剂在不同裂缝的分布规律以及在炮眼、缝内的分布状态，同时根据压力计及流量计读数可判定封堵结果，压力计读数可作为暂堵剂的有效封堵压力；The temporary plugging agent circulates with the liquid flow, and gradually solidifies and temporarily plugs. The plugging effect of the temporary plugging agent in the blasthole and fracture, as well as the distribution law of the temporary plugging agent in different fractures and the effect of the temporary plugging agent in the blasthole and fracture can be obtained through a transparent device. distribution state, and the plugging result can be determined according to the readings of the pressure gauge and flowmeter, and the readings of the pressure gauge can be used as the effective plugging pressure of the temporary plugging agent;
5)解除暂堵：暂堵球可通过反转循环泵，实现暂堵球的解堵及回收；暂堵剂的解堵需要注入解堵剂，随装置的循环逐步解除封堵；实验后更换循环液体，清洁仪器内部，防止出现残渣污染；5) Releasing temporary blocking: The temporary blocking ball can be removed and recovered by reversing the circulating pump; the blocking removal of the temporary blocking agent needs to be injected with a blocking agent, and the blocking will be gradually lifted with the circulation of the device; it will be replaced after the experiment. Circulate the liquid to clean the inside of the instrument to prevent residue contamination;
4)对比暂堵前后测量装置的读数，获得暂堵前后不同裂缝模拟装置之间的压力、流量变化。4) Compare the readings of the measuring devices before and after temporary plugging, and obtain the pressure and flow changes between different fracture simulation devices before and after temporary plugging.
以上已经描述了本发明的各实施例，上述说明是示例性的，并非穷尽性的，并且也不限于所披露的各实施例。在不偏离所说明的各实施例的范围和精神的情况下，对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说许多修改和变更都是显而易见的。Various embodiments of the present invention have been described above, and the foregoing descriptions are exemplary, not exhaustive, and not limiting of the disclosed embodiments. Numerous modifications and variations will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the described embodiments.
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