技术领域technical field
本发明涉及工程施工沉降监测的技术领域，具体涉及到一种基坑及建筑的沉降监测方法。The invention relates to the technical field of engineering construction settlement monitoring, in particular to a settlement monitoring method for foundation pits and buildings.
背景技术Background technique
随着工业与民用建筑业的发展，各种复杂而大型的工程建筑物日益增多，工程建筑物的兴建，改变了地面原有的状态，并且对于建筑物的地基施加了一定的压力，这就必然会引起地基及周围地层的变形。为了保证建筑物的正常使用寿命和建筑物的安全性，并为以后的勘察设计施工提供可靠的资料及相应的沉降参数，建筑物沉降监测的必要性和重要性愈加明显。With the development of industrial and civil construction, various complex and large-scale engineering buildings are increasing. The construction of engineering buildings has changed the original state of the ground and exerted a certain pressure on the foundation of the building. It will inevitably cause deformation of the foundation and surrounding strata. In order to ensure the normal service life and safety of buildings, and to provide reliable data and corresponding settlement parameters for future survey, design and construction, the necessity and importance of building settlement monitoring is becoming more and more obvious.
由此可见，现有技术中对基坑或者建筑的沉降监测是必要的监测项目之一，现有技术中的沉降监测是通过水准仪和水准尺配合完成的。It can be seen that the settlement monitoring of foundation pits or buildings is one of the necessary monitoring items in the prior art, and the settlement monitoring in the prior art is completed through the cooperation of level gauges and leveling rods.
现有技术中使用水准仪进行沉降监测的方法是：1、预先在沉降区域外围设置至少一个已知工作基点，在沉降区域内设置多个沉降监测点，已知工作基点是不会发生沉降的位置，沉降监测点上埋设有固定装置，其主要用于固定水准尺，即预先埋设好固定装置后，能够快速安装拆卸水准尺，加快监测效率。In the prior art, the method of using a level instrument for settlement monitoring is as follows: 1. Set at least one known working base point on the periphery of the settlement area in advance, and set multiple settlement monitoring points in the settlement area. The known working base point is the position where settlement will not occur , There is a fixed device buried on the settlement monitoring point, which is mainly used to fix the leveling rod, that is, after the fixing device is buried in advance, the leveling rod can be quickly installed and disassembled to speed up the monitoring efficiency.
2、在已知工作基点和沉降监测点上设置两个水准尺，在监测站点上用同一个水准仪获取两个水准尺的读数，则可以计算出沉降监测点是否有发生沉降。2. Set two leveling gauges on the known working base point and settlement monitoring point, and use the same leveling instrument to obtain the readings of the two leveling gauges at the monitoring site, then it can be calculated whether there is settlement at the settlement monitoring point.
然而这种方法存在包括水准尺的零点差在内的诸多观测误差，其中零点差即由于两个水准尺的使用情况、磨损情况以及计量精度的问题产生零点误差。虽然理论上所有水准尺的零点应当是统一的，但是由于上述原因导致实际上使用过程中的每个水准尺的零点是不完全相同的，这样将会导致两个水准尺分别安装在不同监测点时其零点不一致，将会出现水准仪的零点误差。However, this method has many observation errors including the zero point difference of the leveling rod. The zero point difference is the zero point error due to the use of the two leveling rods, the wear and tear, and the measurement accuracy. Although the zero point of all leveling rods should be unified in theory, the zero point of each leveling rod in the actual use process is not exactly the same due to the above reasons, which will cause the two leveling rods to be installed at different monitoring points When the zero point is inconsistent, the zero point error of the level will appear.
为了克服上述问题，现有技术中有通过在每个沉降监测点之间设置一个临时监测点，在临时监测点上布置一个水准尺，在监测过程中通过临时监测点的水准尺参数来消除水准测量误差，但是这种方法需要额外增加临时监测点，无疑大大增加了监测所需的测站点数和时间，效率非常低。In order to overcome the above problems, in the prior art, a temporary monitoring point is set between each settlement monitoring point, a leveling rod is arranged on the temporary monitoring point, and the leveling rod parameter of the temporary monitoring point is used to eliminate the leveling during the monitoring process. However, this method requires additional temporary monitoring points, which undoubtedly greatly increases the number of monitoring points and time required for monitoring, and the efficiency is very low.
若在监测过程中只使用一个水准尺，即先将水准尺放置在后视监测点上，然后再将其放在前视监测点上，则不符合监测规范。监测规范中要求在对两点进行沉降监测时，需要进行双点监测，即同一个监测站点上需要同时对两个监测点进行监测，获取水准尺的读数，这是由于此时能够尽可能的消除仪器调试带来的误差以及水准器气泡居中误差等误差。If only one leveling rod is used in the monitoring process, that is, the leveling rod is first placed on the backsight monitoring point, and then placed on the frontsight monitoring point, it does not meet the monitoring specifications. The monitoring specification requires that when two points are monitored for settlement, dual-point monitoring is required, that is, two monitoring points need to be monitored at the same monitoring site to obtain the readings of the leveling rod. Eliminate the errors caused by instrument debugging and the centering error of the level bubble.
此外，由于监测的需要，往往会在监测区域内设置数量众多的沉降监测点，例如每间隔20m左右设置一个沉降监测点，在监测区域可能形成上百个沉降监测点，现有技术中的监测方法所需要的监测时间较长，效率较低。In addition, due to the needs of monitoring, a large number of settlement monitoring points are often set in the monitoring area. For example, a settlement monitoring point is set at an interval of about 20m, and hundreds of settlement monitoring points may be formed in the monitoring area. The monitoring in the prior art The monitoring time required by the method is longer and the efficiency is lower.
由此可见，现有技术中使用水准仪和水准尺进行监测时需要消除水准测量误差以及提高监测效率的要求。It can be seen that, in the prior art, when using level gauges and leveling rods for monitoring, it is necessary to eliminate leveling errors and improve monitoring efficiency.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的目的是提供一种基坑及建筑的沉降监测方法，能够消除水准测量误差，大大提高监测效率，减少作业时间。The purpose of the present invention is to provide a settlement monitoring method for foundation pits and buildings, which can eliminate leveling errors, greatly improve monitoring efficiency, and reduce working time.
为达上述目的，本发明的一个实施例中提供了一种基坑及建筑的沉降监测方法，包括以下步骤：In order to achieve the above object, an embodiment of the present invention provides a settlement monitoring method for foundation pits and buildings, comprising the following steps:
步骤(1)在监测区域内设置n个沉降监测点，并根据监测顺序对所有沉降监测点进行编号，在监测时按照编号进行依次检测；沉降监测点的编号依次为第一沉降监测点、第二沉降监测点至第n沉降监测点；在沉降监测点周边设置监测站点，每个沉降监测点对应布置至少一个监测站点；Step (1) Set up n subsidence monitoring points in the monitoring area, and number all subsidence monitoring points according to the monitoring sequence, and perform sequential detection according to the number during monitoring; the numbers of the subsidence monitoring points are the first subsidence monitoring point, the second From the second settlement monitoring point to the nth settlement monitoring point; monitoring stations are set up around the settlement monitoring point, and each settlement monitoring point is correspondingly arranged with at least one monitoring station;
步骤(2)在监测区域外围设置两个已知工作基点，已知工作基点所在位置不发生沉降，两个已知工作基点分别为第一已知工作基点和第二已知工作基点；其中第一已知工作基点与第一沉降监测点相邻，第二已知工作基点与第n沉降监测点相邻；Step (2) Set two known working base points on the periphery of the monitoring area, where settlement does not occur at the location of the known working base points, and the two known working base points are respectively the first known working base point and the second known working base point; A known working base point is adjacent to the first settlement monitoring point, and a second known working base point is adjacent to the nth settlement monitoring point;
步骤(3)准备水准仪进行监测，水准仪配置有两个水准尺，两个水准尺分别为水准尺M和水准尺N；Step (3) prepare level instrument to monitor, and level instrument is equipped with two level gauges, and two level gauges are respectively level gauge M and level gauge N;
步骤(4)在沉降监测点和已知工作基点外围设置监测站点，在监测站点上使用水准仪获取对应位置上水准尺M和水准尺N的读数，计算得到每个沉降监测点的沉降参数；Step (4) Set up monitoring stations at the settlement monitoring point and the known working base point periphery, use the level instrument on the monitoring station to obtain the readings of leveling rod M and leveling rod N on the corresponding position, and calculate the settlement parameters of each settlement monitoring point;
其中，第一沉降监测点和第二沉降监测点的观测高差计算方法为：Among them, the calculation method of the observed height difference between the first settlement monitoring point and the second settlement monitoring point is:
(A11)将两个水准尺交替放置在第一已知工作基点上，水准仪设置在第一监测站点上获取两个水准尺的读数，此时以水准尺M为后视，后视读数记为C1M1；水准尺N为前视，前视读数为C1N1；(A11) Place the two leveling rods alternately on the first known working base point, and set the leveling device on the first monitoring station to obtain the readings of the two leveling rods. At this time, the leveling rod M is used as the backsight, and the backsight reading is recorded as C1 M1 ; leveling gauge N is the forward sight, and the forward sight reading is C1 N1 ;
(A12)将处于后视位置的水准尺M从第一已知工作基点上取下，放置在第一沉降监测点上，使用水准仪在第二监测站点上获取此时水准尺M的读数和第一已知工作基点上水准尺N的读数，此时水准尺M相对于水准尺N位于前视位置，记为C2M2和C2N2；(A12) Remove the leveling rod M at the backsight position from the first known working base point, place it on the first settlement monitoring point, and use the leveling instrument to obtain the reading of the leveling rod M at this time and the second monitoring point at the second monitoring station. The readings of the leveling rod N on a known working base point, when the leveling rod M is at the forward-looking position relative to the leveling rod N, denoted as C2 M2 and C2 N2 ;
(A13)将处于后视位置的水准尺N从第一已知工作基点上取下，放置在第二沉降监测点上，使用水准仪在第三监测站点上获取此时第一沉降监测点上水准尺M的读数和第二沉降监测点上水准尺N的读数，此时水准尺N相对于水准尺M位于前视位置，记为C3M3和C3N3；(A13) Remove the leveling rod N at the backsight position from the first known working base point, place it on the second settlement monitoring point, and use the level to obtain the level at the first settlement monitoring point at the third monitoring station The reading of the leveling gauge M and the reading of the leveling gauge N on the second settlement monitoring point. At this time, the leveling gauge N is in the forward-looking position relative to the leveling gauge M, which are recorded as C3 M3 and C3 N3 ;
(A14)第一已知工作基点至第一沉降监测点的观测高差为(后视C1M1-前视C1N1)+(后视C2N2-前视C2M2)＝C1M1-C2M2+C2N2-C1N1；(A14) The observed height difference from the first known working base point to the first settlement monitoring point is (backsight C1 M1 - frontsight C1 N1 )+(backsight C2 N2 - frontsight C2 M2 )=C1 M1 -C2 M2 +C2 N2 -C1 N1 ;
(A15)第一已知工作基点至第二沉降监测点的观测高差为(后视C2N2-前视C2M2)+(后视C3M3-前视C3N3)＝C2N2-C3N3+C3M3-C2M2；(A15) The observed height difference from the first known working base point to the second settlement monitoring point is (backsight C2 N2 - frontsight C2 M2 ) + (backsight C3 M3 - frontsight C3 N3 )=C2 N2 -C3 N3 +C3 M3 -C2 M2 ;
其中，第三沉降监测点至第n-1沉降监测点的观测高程差计算方法可以采用以下方法，具体步骤为：Among them, the calculation method of the observed elevation difference from the third settlement monitoring point to the n-1th settlement monitoring point can adopt the following method, and the specific steps are:
(Ax1)确定当前沉降监测点的序号x，当前计算的观测高程差为第x沉降监测点的观测高程差；(Ax1) determine the sequence number x of the current settlement monitoring point, and the observed elevation difference of current calculation is the observed elevation difference of the xth settlement monitoring point;
(Ax2)通过水准仪在第x监测站点上获取第x-2沉降监测点的后视水准尺M的读数，记为CxM0；(Ax2) Obtain the reading of the backsight leveling rod M of the x-2 settlement monitoring point on the x-th monitoring site through the level instrument, which is denoted as CxM0;
(Ax3)获取第x-1沉降监测点的前视水准尺N的读数，记为CxN0；(Ax3) Obtain the reading of the forward-looking leveling rod N of the x-1th settlement monitoring point, denoted as CxN0;
(Ax4)将后视位置的水准尺M移动至第x沉降监测点，获取第x沉降监测点的水准尺M的前视读数，记为CxM1；(Ax4) Move the leveling rod M at the backsight position to the xth settlement monitoring point, and obtain the forward-looking reading of the leveling rod M at the xth settlement monitoring point, which is denoted as CxM1;
(Ax5)观测高程差为(后视CxM0-前视CxN0)+(后视CxN0-前视CxM1)＝CxM0-CxM1。(Ax5) The observed elevation difference is (backsight CxM0-foresight CxN0)+(backsight CxN0-foresight CxM1)=CxM0-CxM1.
其中，最后两个沉降监测点第n-1沉降监测点和第n沉降监测点(假设n为奇数)的观测高差计算方法为：Among them, the calculation method of the observed height difference between the n-1th settlement monitoring point and the nth settlement monitoring point (assuming n is an odd number) of the last two settlement monitoring points is:
(An1)将水准尺N放置在第n-1沉降监测点上，将水准尺M放置在第n沉降监测点上，水准仪设置在第n+1监测站点上获取两个水准尺的读数，此时以水准尺N为后视，后视读数记为Cn+1Mn+1；水准尺M为前视，前视读数为Cn+2Nn+2；(An1) Place the leveling gauge N on the n-1 settlement monitoring point, place the leveling gauge M on the nth settlement monitoring point, and set the leveling gauge to obtain the readings of the two leveling gauges on the n+1 monitoring site. At this time, the level gauge N is used as the backsight, and the backsight reading is recorded as Cn+1 Mn+1 ; the leveling gauge M is the front sight, and the foresight reading is Cn+2 Nn+2 ;
(An2)将水准尺M放置在第n沉降监测点上，将水准尺N放置在第二已知工作基点上，水准仪设置在第n+2监测站点上获取两个水准尺的读数，此时以水准尺M为后视，后视读数记为Cn+2Mn+2；水准尺N为前视，前视读数为Cn+2Nn+2；(An2) Place the leveling gauge M on the nth subsidence monitoring point, place the leveling gauge N on the second known working base point, and set the leveling gauge to obtain the readings of the two leveling gauges on the n+2 monitoring station. At this time The level gauge M is the backsight, and the backsight reading is recorded as Cn+2 Mn+2 ; the leveling gauge N is the front sight, and the foresight reading is Cn+2 Nn+2 ;
(An3)将处于后视位置的水准尺M从第n沉降监测点上取下，与水准尺N交替放置在放置在第二已知工作基点上，使用水准仪在第n+3监测站点上获取此时水准尺M的读数和水准尺N的读数，此时水准尺M相对于水准尺N位于前视位置，记为Cn+3Mn+3，Cn+3Nn+3；(An3) Remove the leveling gauge M at the backsight position from the nth subsidence monitoring point, place it alternately with the leveling gauge N on the second known working base point, and use the leveling instrument to obtain it at the n+3 monitoring station At this time, the readings of the leveling rod M and the leveling rod N, at this time, the leveling rod M is at the forward-looking position relative to the leveling rod N, which is recorded as Cn+3 Mn+3 , Cn+3 Nn+3 ;
(An4)第n-1沉降监测点至第二已知工作基点的观测高差为(后视Cn+1Nn+1-前视Cn+1Mn+1)+(后视Cn+2Mn+2-前视Cn+2Nn+2)＝Cn+1Nn+1-Cn+2Nn+2+Cn+2Mn+2-Cn+1Mn+1；(An4) The observed height difference from the n-1th settlement monitoring point to the second known working base point is (backsight Cn+1 Nn+1 - frontsight Cn+1 Mn+1 )+(backsight Cn +2 Mn+2 -Look ahead Cn+2 Nn+2 )＝Cn+1 Nn+1 -Cn+2 Nn+2 +Cn+2 Mn+2 -Cn+1 Mn+1 ;
(An5)第n沉降监测点至第二已知工作基点的观测高差为(后视Cn+2Mn+2-前视Cn+2Nn+2)+(后视Cn+3Nn+3-前视Cn+3Mn+3)＝Cn+2Mn+2-Cn+3Mn+3+Cn+3Nn+3-Cn+2Nn+2；(An5) The observed height difference from the nth settlement monitoring point to the second known working base point is (backsight Cn+2 Mn+2 - frontsight Cn+2 Nn+2 )+(backsight Cn+3 Nn+3 -Look ahead Cn+3 Mn+3 )＝Cn+2 Mn+2 -Cn+3 Mn+3 +Cn+3 Nn+3 -Cn+2 Nn +2 ;
同理可知，水准路线中奇数监测站点观测的前视沉降监测点相对于后视水准尺N已知工作基点的观测高差为偶数个高差之和，偶数监测站点观测的前视沉降监测点相对于后视水准尺M已知工作基点的观测高差同样为偶数个高差之和。In the same way, it can be seen that the observed height difference of the forward-looking settlement monitoring points observed at odd-numbered monitoring stations in the leveling route relative to the known working base point of the backsight leveling rod N is the sum of even-numbered height differences, and the forward-looking settlement monitoring points observed at even-numbered monitoring stations The observed height difference of the known working base point relative to the backsight leveling rod M is also the sum of even number of height differences.
步骤(5)将水准仪中记录的观测数据导出后生成监测成果，监测成果包括每个沉降监测点的沉降参数，累积沉降参数、沉降速率和监测误差。Step (5) After exporting the observation data recorded in the level gauge, the monitoring results are generated. The monitoring results include the settlement parameters of each settlement monitoring point, the cumulative settlement parameters, the settlement rate and the monitoring error.
本发明优化的方案中，沉降监测点与对应的监测站点之间的距离，一等水准测量时不应大于30m，一等水准测量时不应大于50m。监测区域内按设计要求的密度布置沉降监测点。In the optimized scheme of the present invention, the distance between the settlement monitoring point and the corresponding monitoring station should not be greater than 30m during the first-class leveling survey, and should not be greater than 50m during the first-class leveling survey. Settlement monitoring points are arranged in the monitoring area according to the density required by the design.
本发明优化的方案中，监测中误差m的计算方法为：In the optimized scheme of the present invention, the calculation method of error m in monitoring is:
m0为测量等级对应的测站中误差，n为某沉降监测点至已知工作基点的加权测站数； m0 is the error in the station corresponding to the measurement level, and n is the number of weighted stations from a certain settlement monitoring point to a known working base point;
当水准测量的等级为一等时，m0＝0.15mm；当水准测量的等级为二等时，m0＝0.5mm。When the grade of leveling is first class, m0 =0.15mm; when the grade of leveling is second class, m0 =0.5mm.
本发明优化的方案中，同一区域沉降监测点的监测需要在同一天内完成所有沉降监测点的监测。In the optimized solution of the present invention, the monitoring of the settlement monitoring points in the same area needs to be completed on the same day at all the settlement monitoring points.
本发明优化的方案中，期间沉降速率的计算方法为期间沉降量与监测期间间隔天数的比例。In the optimized scheme of the present invention, the calculation method of the sedimentation rate during the period is the ratio of the sedimentation amount during the period to the number of days between monitoring periods.
综上所述，本发明具有以下优点：In summary, the present invention has the following advantages:
1、本发明设置两个已知工作基点，通过在已知工作基点上交替布置两个水准尺，既作为前视点也可以作为后视点进而对相邻的首尾的沉降监测点进行监测，对于其他沉降监测点，通过靠前两站作为后视点，靠前一站作为中间监测点，中间监测点既可以作为第一次监测的前视点，也可以作为第二次监测的后视点，进而能够计算出观测高差，这样得到的任意一个沉降监测点相对于已知工作基点的高差均为偶数个测站高差之和，得到了消除水准测量误差的目的。1. The present invention sets two known working base points, and by alternately arranging two leveling rods on the known working base points, it can be used not only as a front sight point but also as a back sight point to monitor the adjacent head and tail settlement monitoring points. For other For the settlement monitoring point, the first two stations are used as the backsight point, and the first station is used as the middle monitoring point. The height difference of any subsidence monitoring point obtained in this way relative to the known working base point is the sum of the height differences of the even number of stations, which achieves the purpose of eliminating the leveling error.
2、本发明在监测过程中不需要额外设置临时监测点，也就不需要在临时监测点上布置相关的固定装置，减少了监测站点，提高了监测效率。2. The present invention does not need additional temporary monitoring points during the monitoring process, and also does not need to arrange related fixing devices on the temporary monitoring points, which reduces the number of monitoring sites and improves monitoring efficiency.
3、本发明的沉降监测方法，通过两个水准尺交替布置在起始已知工作基点上，分别按一站水准测量的要求进行测量，其余沉降监测点以任意站上点的方式进行监测，则偶数监测站点观测的前视沉降监测点相对于后视水准尺M已知工作基点的观测高差同样为偶数个高差之和，则奇数监测站点观测的前视沉降监测点相对于后视水准尺N已知工作基点的观测高差为偶数个高差之和，这样既符合现行业水准测量规范要求的双站上点的要求，又减少了水准测量的站数，不仅提高工作效率，还提高了沉降监测点的监测精度。3. In the settlement monitoring method of the present invention, two leveling rods are alternately arranged on the initial known working base points, and are measured respectively according to the requirements of one station leveling survey, and the rest of the settlement monitoring points are monitored in the manner of arbitrary station points, Then the observed height difference of the forward-sight settlement monitoring points observed at the even-numbered monitoring stations relative to the known working base point of the backsight leveling rod M is also the sum of the even-numbered height differences, and the foresight settlement monitoring points observed at the odd-numbered monitoring stations are relative to the backsight The observed height difference of the known working base point of the leveling gauge N is the sum of even number of height differences, which not only meets the requirements of the current industry leveling standards for two-station upper points, but also reduces the number of leveling stations, which not only improves work efficiency, It also improves the monitoring accuracy of settlement monitoring points.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本发明一个实施例中基坑及建筑的沉降监测方法的整体布局示意图；Fig. 1 is the overall layout schematic diagram of the settlement monitoring method of foundation pit and building in one embodiment of the present invention;
图2为本发明一个实施例中对第一已知工作基点、第一沉降监测点、第二沉降监测点的监测示意图；Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of monitoring the first known working base point, the first settlement monitoring point, and the second settlement monitoring point in one embodiment of the present invention;
图3为本发明一个实施例中沉降监测点n个数为偶数时，第n-1沉降监测点、第n沉降监测点和第二个已知工作基点的观测示意图；Fig. 3 is when the number of settlement monitoring points n is an even number in one embodiment of the present invention, the observation schematic diagram of the n-1th settlement monitoring point, the nth settlement monitoring point and the second known working base point;
图4为本发明一个实施例中沉降监测点n个数为奇数时，第n-1沉降监测点、第n沉降监测点和第二个已知工作基点的观测示意图；；Fig. 4 is an observation schematic diagram of the n-1th settlement monitoring point, the nth settlement monitoring point and the second known working base point when the n number of settlement monitoring points is an odd number in an embodiment of the present invention;
图5为本发明一个实施例中第X沉降监测点，X为偶数时的观测示意图。Fig. 5 is an observation schematic diagram of the Xth subsidence monitoring point in an embodiment of the present invention, when X is an even number.
图6为本发明一个实施例中第X沉降监测点，X为奇数时的观测示意图。Fig. 6 is an observation schematic diagram of the Xth settlement monitoring point in an embodiment of the present invention, when X is an odd number.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
参考图1，本发明提供了一种基坑及建筑的沉降监测方法，包括以下步骤：With reference to Fig. 1, the present invention provides a kind of settlement monitoring method of foundation pit and building, comprises the following steps:
步骤(1)在监测区域内设置n个沉降监测点，并根据监测顺序对所有沉降监测点进行编号，在监测时按照编号进行依次检测；沉降监测点的编号依次为第一沉降监测点、第二沉降监测点至第n沉降监测点；在沉降监测点周边设置监测站点，每个沉降监测点对应布置至少一个监测站点。Step (1) Set up n subsidence monitoring points in the monitoring area, and number all subsidence monitoring points according to the monitoring sequence, and perform sequential detection according to the number during monitoring; the numbers of the subsidence monitoring points are the first subsidence monitoring point, the second From the second settlement monitoring point to the nth settlement monitoring point; monitoring stations are set up around the settlement monitoring point, and at least one monitoring station is arranged corresponding to each settlement monitoring point.
监测区域的形状和面积是不特定的，在布置沉降监测点时，可以先布置已知工作基点，按照已知工作基点为起始位置，依次呈带状布置沉降监测点。在对沉降监测点进行监测时，根据沉降监测点的编号依次进行。The shape and area of the monitoring area are not specific. When arranging the settlement monitoring points, the known working base points can be arranged first, and the settlement monitoring points are arranged sequentially in a strip shape based on the known working base points as the starting position. When monitoring the settlement monitoring points, it shall be carried out sequentially according to the numbers of the settlement monitoring points.
根据水准仪的监测标准和要求，水准仪与监测点之间的距离需要符合规范，这样能够保证操作的监测精度，例如监测区域内按设计要求的密度布置沉降监测点，沉降监测点与对应的监测站点之间的距离小于50m，具体的，一等水准测量时不应大于30m，二等水准测量时不应大于50m。在获取计算任意一个沉降监测点的观测高差时，均需要移动水准仪到该沉降监测点对应的监测位置，使得即便在更换沉降监测点时，水准仪也能够与将要监测的沉降监测点之间的间距保持规范范围内的间距。According to the monitoring standards and requirements of the level instrument, the distance between the level instrument and the monitoring point needs to meet the specifications, so as to ensure the monitoring accuracy of the operation. For example, the settlement monitoring points are arranged according to the density required by the design in the monitoring area. The distance between them is less than 50m. Specifically, it should not be greater than 30m for first-class leveling, and should not be greater than 50m for second-class leveling. When obtaining and calculating the observed height difference of any settlement monitoring point, it is necessary to move the level to the monitoring position corresponding to the settlement monitoring point, so that even when the settlement monitoring point is replaced, the level can be in the same distance as the settlement monitoring point to be monitored. Spacing maintains a spacing within the specification.
步骤(2)在监测区域外围设置两个已知工作基点，已知工作基点所在位置不发生沉降，两个已知工作基点分别为第一已知工作基点和第二已知工作基点；其中第一已知工作基点与第一沉降监测点相邻，第二已知工作基点与第n沉降监测点相邻。Step (2) Set two known working base points on the periphery of the monitoring area, where settlement does not occur at the location of the known working base points, and the two known working base points are respectively the first known working base point and the second known working base point; A known working base point is adjacent to the first settlement monitoring point, and a second known working base point is adjacent to the nth settlement monitoring point.
已知工作基点和沉降监测点是在整个监测周期内存在的，其上均安装后固定水准尺的装置，能够快速装卸水准尺，提高监测效率。已知工作基点作为沉降监测的固定起算点使用。It is known that the working base point and the settlement monitoring point exist in the whole monitoring cycle, and the devices for fixing the leveling rod are installed on them, which can quickly load and unload the leveling rod and improve the monitoring efficiency. The known working base point is used as a fixed starting point for settlement monitoring.
步骤(3)准备水准仪进行监测，水准仪配置有两个水准尺，两个水准尺分别为水准尺M和水准尺N。Step (3) Prepare a leveling instrument for monitoring. The leveling instrument is equipped with two leveling gauges, the two leveling gauges are leveling gauge M and leveling gauge N respectively.
步骤(4)在沉降监测点和已知工作基点外围设置监测站点，在监测站点上使用水准仪获取对应位置上水准尺M和水准尺N的读数，计算得到每个沉降监测点的观测高差。Step (4) Set up monitoring stations on the periphery of the settlement monitoring point and the known working base point, use the level instrument on the monitoring station to obtain the readings of leveling rod M and leveling rod N at the corresponding position, and calculate the observed height difference of each settlement monitoring point.
监测站点的设置需要满足监测站点与沉降监测点的距离符合要求即可，监测站点即水准仪的安装固定位置，水准仪安装在监测站点后需要进行调试。The setting of the monitoring station needs to meet the requirements of the distance between the monitoring station and the settlement monitoring point. The monitoring station is the installation and fixed position of the level instrument. After the level instrument is installed at the monitoring station, it needs to be debugged.
其中，第一沉降监测点和第二沉降监测点的观测高差计算方法为：Among them, the calculation method of the observed height difference between the first settlement monitoring point and the second settlement monitoring point is:
(A11)将两个水准尺交替放置在第一已知工作基点上，水准仪设置在第一监测站点上获取两个水准尺的读数，此时以水准尺M为后视，后视读数记为C1M1；水准尺N为前视，前视读数为C1N1；(A11) Place the two leveling rods alternately on the first known working base point, and set the leveling device on the first monitoring station to obtain the readings of the two leveling rods. At this time, the leveling rod M is used as the backsight, and the backsight reading is recorded as C1 M1 ; leveling gauge N is the forward sight, and the forward sight reading is C1 N1 ;
(A12)将处于后视位置的水准尺M从第一已知工作基点上取下，放置在第一沉降监测点上，使用水准仪在第二监测站点上获取此时水准尺M的读数和第一已知工作基点上水准尺N的读数，此时水准尺M相对于水准尺N位于前视位置，记为C2M2和C2N2；(A12) Remove the leveling rod M at the backsight position from the first known working base point, place it on the first settlement monitoring point, and use the leveling instrument to obtain the reading of the leveling rod M at this time and the second monitoring point at the second monitoring station. The readings of the leveling rod N on a known working base point, when the leveling rod M is at the forward-looking position relative to the leveling rod N, denoted as C2 M2 and C2 N2 ;
(A13)将处于后视位置的水准尺N从第一已知工作基点上取下，放置在第二沉降监测点上，使用水准仪在第三监测站点上获取此时第一沉降监测点上水准尺M的读数和第二沉降监测点上水准尺N的读数，此时水准尺N相对于水准尺M位于前视位置，记为C3M3和C3N3；(A13) Remove the leveling rod N at the backsight position from the first known working base point, place it on the second settlement monitoring point, and use the level to obtain the level at the first settlement monitoring point at the third monitoring station The reading of the leveling gauge M and the reading of the leveling gauge N on the second settlement monitoring point. At this time, the leveling gauge N is in the forward-looking position relative to the leveling gauge M, which are recorded as C3 M3 and C3 N3 ;
(A14)第一已知工作基点至第一沉降监测点的观测高差为(后视C1M1-前视C1N1)+(后视C2N2-前视C2M2)＝C1M1-C2M2+C2N2-C1N1；(A14) The observed height difference from the first known working base point to the first settlement monitoring point is (backsight C1 M1 - frontsight C1 N1 )+(backsight C2 N2 - frontsight C2 M2 )=C1 M1 -C2 M2 +C2 N2 -C1 N1 ;
(A15)第一已知工作基点至第二沉降监测点的观测高差为(后视C2N2-前视C2M2)+(后视C3M3-前视C3N3)＝C2N2-C3N3+C3M3-C2M2；(A15) The observed height difference from the first known working base point to the second settlement monitoring point is (backsight C2 N2 - frontsight C2 M2 ) + (backsight C3 M3 - frontsight C3 N3 )=C2 N2 -C3 N3 +C3 M3 -C2 M2 ;
其中，最后两个沉降监测点第n-1沉降监测点和第n沉降监测点(假设n为奇数)的观测高差计算方法为：Among them, the calculation method of the observed height difference between the n-1th settlement monitoring point and the nth settlement monitoring point (assuming n is an odd number) of the last two settlement monitoring points is:
(An1)将水准尺N放置在第n-1沉降监测点上，将水准尺M放置在第n沉降监测点上，水准仪设置在第n+1监测站点上获取两个水准尺的读数，此时以水准尺N为后视，后视读数记为Cn+1Mn+1；水准尺M为前视，前视读数为Cn+2Nn+2；(An1) Place the leveling gauge N on the n-1 settlement monitoring point, place the leveling gauge M on the nth settlement monitoring point, and set the leveling gauge to obtain the readings of the two leveling gauges on the n+1 monitoring site. At this time, the level gauge N is used as the backsight, and the backsight reading is recorded as Cn+1 Mn+1 ; the leveling gauge M is the front sight, and the foresight reading is Cn+2 Nn+2 ;
(An2)将水准尺M放置在第n沉降监测点上，将水准尺N放置在第二已知工作基点上，水准仪设置在第n+2监测站点上获取两个水准尺的读数，此时以水准尺M为后视，后视读数记为Cn+2Mn+2；水准尺N为前视，前视读数为Cn+2Nn+2；(An2) Place the leveling gauge M on the nth subsidence monitoring point, place the leveling gauge N on the second known working base point, and set the leveling gauge to obtain the readings of the two leveling gauges on the n+2 monitoring station. At this time The level gauge M is the backsight, and the backsight reading is recorded as Cn+2 Mn+2 ; the leveling gauge N is the front sight, and the foresight reading is Cn+2 Nn+2 ;
(An3)将处于后视位置的水准尺M从第n沉降监测点上取下，与水准尺N交替放置在放置在第二已知工作基点上，使用水准仪在第n+3监测站点上获取此时水准尺M的读数和水准尺N的读数，此时水准尺M相对于水准尺N位于前视位置，记为Cn+3Mn+3，Cn+3Nn+3；(An3) Remove the leveling gauge M at the backsight position from the nth subsidence monitoring point, place it alternately with the leveling gauge N on the second known working base point, and use the leveling instrument to obtain it at the n+3 monitoring station At this time, the readings of the leveling rod M and the leveling rod N, at this time, the leveling rod M is at the forward-looking position relative to the leveling rod N, which is recorded as Cn+3 Mn+3 , Cn+3 Nn+3 ;
(An4)第n-1沉降监测点至第二已知工作基点的观测高差为(后视Cn+1Nn+1-前视Cn+1Mn+1)+(后视Cn+2Mn+2-前视Cn+2Nn+2)＝Cn+1Nn+1-Cn+2Nn+2+Cn+2Mn+2-Cn+1Mn+1；(An4) The observed height difference from the n-1th settlement monitoring point to the second known working base point is (backsight Cn+1 Nn+1 - frontsight Cn+1 Mn+1 )+(backsight Cn +2 Mn+2 -Look ahead Cn+2 Nn+2 )＝Cn+1 Nn+1 -Cn+2 Nn+2 +Cn+2 Mn+2 -Cn+1 Mn+1 ;
(An5)第n沉降监测点至第二已知工作基点的观测高差为(后视Cn+2Mn+2-前视Cn+2Nn+2)+(后视Cn+3Nn+3-前视Cn+3Mn+3)＝Cn+2Mn+2-Cn+3Mn+3+Cn+3Nn+3-Cn+2Nn+2；(An5) The observed height difference from the nth settlement monitoring point to the second known working base point is (backsight Cn+2 Mn+2 - frontsight Cn+2 Nn+2 )+(backsight Cn+3 Nn+3 -Look ahead Cn+3 Mn+3 )＝Cn+2 Mn+2 -Cn+3 Mn+3 +Cn+3 Nn+3 -Cn+2 Nn +2 ;
同理可知，水准路线中奇数监测站点观测的前视沉降监测点相对于后视水准尺N已知工作基点的观测高差为偶数个高差之和，偶数监测站点观测的前视沉降监测点相对于后视水准尺M已知工作基点的观测高差同样为偶数个高差之和。In the same way, it can be seen that the observed height difference of the forward-looking settlement monitoring points observed at odd-numbered monitoring stations in the leveling route relative to the known working base point of the backsight leveling rod N is the sum of even-numbered height differences, and the forward-looking settlement monitoring points observed at even-numbered monitoring stations The observed height difference of the known working base point relative to the backsight leveling rod M is also the sum of even number of height differences.
步骤(5)将水准仪中记录的观测数据导出后生成监测成果，监测成果包括每个沉降监测点的期间沉降量和沉降速率，累积沉降量和沉降速率，监测中误差。期间沉降速率的计算方法为期间沉降量与监测期次间隔天数的比例，监测中误差m的计算方法为：Step (5) After exporting the observation data recorded in the level gauge, the monitoring results are generated. The monitoring results include the period settlement amount and settlement rate of each settlement monitoring point, the cumulative settlement amount and settlement rate, and the monitoring error. The calculation method of the settlement rate during the period is the ratio of the settlement amount during the period to the number of days between monitoring periods, and the calculation method of the error m in the monitoring is:
m0为测量等级对应的测站中误差，n为某沉降监测点至已知工作基点的加权测站数； m0 is the error in the station corresponding to the measurement level, and n is the number of weighted stations from a certain settlement monitoring point to a known working base point;
当水准测量的等级为一等时，m0＝0.15mm；当水准测量的等级为二等时，m0＝0.5mm。When the grade of leveling is first class, m0 =0.15mm; when the grade of leveling is second class, m0 =0.5mm.
监测误差与测量等级和监测次数有关，监测次数与沉降监测点的数量相同。测量等级是根据要求获得的，例如，若当前建筑的沉降监测所需要的的测量等级要求是一等，则m0＝0.15mm；此时监测所采用的水准仪的精度也应符合一等水准测量的要求，当测量等级要求是二等时，此时所采用的水准仪的精度则应符合二等水准测量的要求。The monitoring error is related to the measurement level and the monitoring frequency, and the monitoring frequency is the same as the number of settlement monitoring points. The measurement level is obtained according to the requirements. For example, if the current building settlement monitoring requires a first-class measurement level, then m0 =0.15mm; at this time, the accuracy of the level instrument used for monitoring should also meet the first-level level measurement When the measurement level is required to be second-class, the accuracy of the level instrument used at this time should meet the requirements of second-class leveling.
本发明的具体实施例中，为了消除因为天气环境导致的监测误差，沉降监测点的监测需要在同一天内完成所有沉降监测点的监测。In a specific embodiment of the present invention, in order to eliminate monitoring errors caused by the weather environment, the monitoring of settlement monitoring points needs to complete the monitoring of all settlement monitoring points within the same day.
实施例1：对重庆轨道交通4号线西延伸段工程进行沉降监测，已知点为假定高程，监测方法为：Example 1: Settlement monitoring is carried out on the west extension section of Chongqing Rail Transit Line 4. The known point is the assumed elevation, and the monitoring method is:
步骤(1)在监测区域内设置100个沉降监测点，在沉降监测点周边设置监测站点，每个沉降监测点对应布置至少一个监测站点。Step (1) Set up 100 subsidence monitoring points in the monitoring area, set up monitoring stations around the settlement monitoring points, and arrange at least one monitoring station for each subsidence monitoring point.
步骤(2)在监测区域外围设置两个已知工作基点，其中第一已知工作基点与第一沉降监测点相邻，第二已知工作基点与第100沉降监测点相邻。Step (2) Set two known working base points on the periphery of the monitoring area, wherein the first known working base point is adjacent to the first settlement monitoring point, and the second known working base point is adjacent to the 100th settlement monitoring point.
步骤(3)准备水准仪进行监测，水准仪配置有两个水准尺，两个水准尺分别为水准尺M和水准尺N；Step (3) prepare level instrument to monitor, and level instrument is equipped with two level gauges, and two level gauges are respectively level gauge M and level gauge N;
步骤(4)在沉降监测点和已知工作基点外围设置监测站点，在监测站点上使用水准仪获取对应位置上水准尺M和水准尺N的读数，计算得到每个沉降监测点的观测高差；Step (4) Set up monitoring stations at the settlement monitoring point and the known working base point periphery, use the level instrument on the monitoring station to obtain the readings of leveling rod M and leveling rod N on the corresponding position, and calculate the observed height difference of each settlement monitoring point;
其中，第一沉降监测点和第二沉降监测点的观测高差计算方法为：Among them, the calculation method of the observed height difference between the first settlement monitoring point and the second settlement monitoring point is:
(A11)将两个水准尺交替放置在第一已知工作基点上，水准仪设置在第一监测站点上获取两个水准尺的读数，此时以水准尺M为后视，后视读数记为C1M1；水准尺N为前视，前视读数为C1N1；(A11) Place the two leveling rods alternately on the first known working base point, and set the leveling device on the first monitoring station to obtain the readings of the two leveling rods. At this time, the leveling rod M is used as the backsight, and the backsight reading is recorded as C1 M1 ; leveling gauge N is the forward sight, and the forward sight reading is C1 N1 ;
(A12)将处于后视位置的水准尺M从第一已知工作基点上取下，放置在第一沉降监测点上，使用水准仪在第二监测站点上获取此时水准尺M的读数和第一已知工作基点上水准尺N的读数，此时水准尺M相对于水准尺N位于前视位置，记为C2M2和C2N2；(A12) Remove the leveling rod M at the backsight position from the first known working base point, place it on the first settlement monitoring point, and use the leveling instrument to obtain the reading of the leveling rod M at this time and the second monitoring point at the second monitoring station. The readings of the leveling rod N on a known working base point, when the leveling rod M is at the forward-looking position relative to the leveling rod N, denoted as C2 M2 and C2 N2 ;
(A13)将处于后视位置的水准尺N从第一已知工作基点上取下，放置在第二沉降监测点上，使用水准仪在第三监测站点上获取此时第一沉降监测点上水准尺M的读数和第二沉降监测点上水准尺N的读数，此时水准尺N相对于水准尺M位于前视位置，记为C3M3和C3N3；(A13) Remove the leveling rod N at the backsight position from the first known working base point, place it on the second settlement monitoring point, and use the level to obtain the level at the first settlement monitoring point at the third monitoring station The reading of the leveling gauge M and the reading of the leveling gauge N on the second settlement monitoring point. At this time, the leveling gauge N is in the forward-looking position relative to the leveling gauge M, which are recorded as C3 M3 and C3 N3 ;
(A14)第一已知工作基点至第一沉降监测点的观测高差为(后视C1M1-前视C1N1)+(后视C2N2-前视C2M2)＝C1M1-C2M2+C2N2-C1N1；(A14) The observed height difference from the first known working base point to the first settlement monitoring point is (backsight C1 M1 - frontsight C1 N1 )+(backsight C2 N2 - frontsight C2 M2 )=C1 M1 -C2 M2 +C2 N2 -C1 N1 ;
(A15)第一已知工作基点至第二沉降监测点的观测高差为(后视C2N2-前视C2M2)+(后视C3M3-前视C3N3)＝C2N2-C3N3+C3M3-C2M2；(A15) The observed height difference from the first known working base point to the second settlement monitoring point is (backsight C2 N2 - frontsight C2 M2 ) + (backsight C3 M3 - frontsight C3 N3 )=C2 N2 -C3 N3 +C3 M3 -C2 M2 ;
其中，最后两个沉降监测点第n-1沉降监测点和第n沉降监测点(假设n为奇数)的观测高差计算方法为：Among them, the calculation method of the observed height difference between the n-1th settlement monitoring point and the nth settlement monitoring point (assuming n is an odd number) of the last two settlement monitoring points is:
(An1)将水准尺N放置在第n-1沉降监测点上，将水准尺M放置在第n沉降监测点上，水准仪设置在第n+1监测站点上获取两个水准尺的读数，此时以水准尺N为后视，后视读数记为Cn+1Mn+1；水准尺M为前视，前视读数为Cn+2Nn+2；(An1) Place the leveling gauge N on the n-1 settlement monitoring point, place the leveling gauge M on the nth settlement monitoring point, and set the leveling gauge to obtain the readings of the two leveling gauges on the n+1 monitoring site. At this time, the level gauge N is used as the backsight, and the backsight reading is recorded as Cn+1 Mn+1 ; the leveling gauge M is the front sight, and the foresight reading is Cn+2 Nn+2 ;
(An2)将水准尺M放置在第n沉降监测点上，将水准尺N放置在第二已知工作基点上，水准仪设置在第n+2监测站点上获取两个水准尺的读数，此时以水准尺M为后视，后视读数记为Cn+2Mn+2；水准尺N为前视，前视读数为Cn+2Nn+2；(An2) Place the leveling gauge M on the nth subsidence monitoring point, place the leveling gauge N on the second known working base point, and set the leveling gauge to obtain the readings of the two leveling gauges on the n+2 monitoring station. At this time The level gauge M is the backsight, and the backsight reading is recorded as Cn+2 Mn+2 ; the leveling gauge N is the front sight, and the foresight reading is Cn+2 Nn+2 ;
(An3)将处于后视位置的水准尺M从第n沉降监测点上取下，与水准尺N交替放置在放置在第二已知工作基点上，使用水准仪在第n+3监测站点上获取此时水准尺M的读数和水准尺N的读数，此时水准尺M相对于水准尺N位于前视位置，记为Cn+3Mn+3，Cn+3Nn+3；(An3) Remove the leveling gauge M at the backsight position from the nth subsidence monitoring point, place it alternately with the leveling gauge N on the second known working base point, and use the leveling instrument to obtain it at the n+3 monitoring station At this time, the readings of the leveling rod M and the leveling rod N, at this time, the leveling rod M is at the forward-looking position relative to the leveling rod N, which is recorded as Cn+3 Mn+3 , Cn+3 Nn+3 ;
(An4)第n-1沉降监测点至第二已知工作基点的观测高差为(后视Cn+1Nn+1-前视Cn+1Mn+1)+(后视Cn+2Mn+2-前视Cn+2Nn+2)＝Cn+1Nn+1-Cn+2Nn+2+Cn+2Mn+2-Cn+1Mn+1；(An4) The observed height difference from the n-1th settlement monitoring point to the second known working base point is (backsight Cn+1 Nn+1 - frontsight Cn+1 Mn+1 )+(backsight Cn +2 Mn+2 -Look ahead Cn+2 Nn+2 )＝Cn+1 Nn+1 -Cn+2 Nn+2 +Cn+2 Mn+2 -Cn+1 Mn+1 ;
(An5)第n沉降监测点至第二已知工作基点的观测高差为(后视Cn+2Mn+2-前视Cn+2Nn+2)+(后视Cn+3Nn+3-前视Cn+3Mn+3)＝Cn+2Mn+2-Cn+3Mn+3+Cn+3Nn+3-Cn+2Nn+2；(An5) The observed height difference from the nth settlement monitoring point to the second known working base point is (backsight Cn+2 Mn+2 - frontsight Cn+2 Nn+2 )+(backsight Cn+3 Nn+3 -Look ahead Cn+3 Mn+3 )＝Cn+2 Mn+2 -Cn+3 Mn+3 +Cn+3 Nn+3 -Cn+2 Nn +2 ;
同理可知，水准路线中奇数监测站点观测的前视沉降监测点相对于后视水准尺N已知工作基点的观测高差为偶数个高差之和，偶数监测站点观测的前视沉降监测点相对于后视水准尺M已知工作基点的观测高差同样为偶数个高差之和。In the same way, it can be seen that the observed height difference of the forward-looking settlement monitoring points observed at odd-numbered monitoring stations in the leveling route relative to the known working base point of the backsight leveling rod N is the sum of even-numbered height differences, and the forward-looking settlement monitoring points observed at even-numbered monitoring stations The observed height difference of the known working base point relative to the backsight leveling rod M is also the sum of even number of height differences.
每间隔一定时间进行一次沉降监测，将监测得到的数据汇总形成监测成果，监测成果包括每个沉降监测点的期间沉降量和沉降速率，累积沉降量和沉降速率、监测中误差。由于沉降监测站点数量太多，且涉及到相关保密要求，因此本发明仅公开部分沉降监测站点的数据，本发明公开的沉降监测点为第4沉降监测站点、第5沉降监测点和第6沉降监测点，实施例1的部分监测结果如下表所示：Settlement monitoring is carried out at regular intervals, and the monitoring data are summarized to form monitoring results. The monitoring results include the period settlement amount and settlement rate of each settlement monitoring point, the cumulative settlement amount and settlement rate, and the error in monitoring. Due to the large number of settlement monitoring sites and related confidentiality requirements, the present invention only discloses the data of some settlement monitoring sites. The settlement monitoring points disclosed in the present invention are the 4th settlement monitoring site, the 5th settlement monitoring site and the 6th settlement monitoring site. Monitoring point, the partial monitoring result of embodiment 1 is shown in the table below:
表1：实施例1的部分监测结果：Table 1: Partial monitoring results of Example 1:
实施例2：对某一施工工地进行沉降监测，采用常规方法和本发明的方法进行监测，常规方法是在沉降监测点之间设置临时监测点，进而消除水准测量误差。Embodiment 2: To monitor the settlement of a certain construction site, the conventional method and the method of the present invention are used for monitoring. The conventional method is to set temporary monitoring points between the settlement monitoring points, thereby eliminating leveling errors.
两种方法均是在沉降监测区域内布置7个沉降监测点，分别为LN1-LN7，其中LB01为已知工作基点，两种方法的监测结果如下表2所示。Both methods arrange seven settlement monitoring points in the settlement monitoring area, namely LN1-LN7, among which LB01 is the known working base point. The monitoring results of the two methods are shown in Table 2 below.
表2：实施例2的监测结果对比Table 2: Comparison of monitoring results of Example 2
从表2中可以看出，常规监测方法的监测站数为16站，新方法的监测站数为11站。从表2中合计可知本发明的方法与常规监测方法比较，监测效率提高31％。一般情况下本发明的监测站数＝常规监测法站数/2+2，当常规监测站数为100站，则本发明的方法需要监测的站数为52站，由此可见本发明的方法可以少监测48站。It can be seen from Table 2 that the conventional monitoring method has 16 monitoring stations, and the new method has 11 monitoring stations. It can be known from Table 2 that the monitoring efficiency of the method of the present invention is increased by 31% compared with the conventional monitoring method. In general, the number of monitoring stations of the present invention=number of conventional monitoring method stations/2+2, when the number of conventional monitoring stations is 100 stations, the number of stations that the method of the present invention needs to monitor is 52 stations, thus the method of the present invention can be seen 48 stations can be monitored less.
本发明的方法是基于对水准测量误差来源和误差控制监测方法进行分析，结合基坑及建筑沉降监测的特点，提出的一种新的水准测量沉降监测法。通过案例对常规沉降监测法和本发明的沉降监测法进行分析比较，可以看出本发明的沉降监测法符合规范要求；能够大幅度提高工作效率；能够大幅度提高最弱监测点的精度。The method of the invention is based on analyzing the source of the leveling error and the error control and monitoring method, combined with the characteristics of foundation pit and building settlement monitoring, and proposes a new leveling measurement settlement monitoring method. By case analysis and comparison of the conventional settlement monitoring method and the settlement monitoring method of the present invention, it can be seen that the settlement monitoring method of the present invention meets the requirements of the specification; can greatly improve work efficiency; and can greatly improve the accuracy of the weakest monitoring point.
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| CN202111634422.0ACN114413833B (en) | 2021-12-29 | 2021-12-29 | A settlement monitoring method for foundation pits and buildings |
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| CN202111634422.0ACN114413833B (en) | 2021-12-29 | 2021-12-29 | A settlement monitoring method for foundation pits and buildings |
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| CN115218843B (en)* | 2022-07-12 | 2025-01-03 | 四川中水成勘院测绘工程有限责任公司 | Stability Evaluation Method of Horizontal Displacement Monitoring Control Network |
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| KR100765154B1 (en)* | 2006-12-05 | 2007-10-15 | 삼부기술 주식회사 | Surveying method using distance adjustment before and after when leveling on slope |
| KR100819844B1 (en)* | 2006-10-31 | 2008-04-07 | (주)아세아항측 | National level control point survey method using image information acquisition from geodetic survey |
| CN102636155A (en)* | 2012-04-28 | 2012-08-15 | 天津二十冶建设有限公司 | Two-instrument simultaneous measuring method for increasing leveling precision |
| CN105865416A (en)* | 2016-05-20 | 2016-08-17 | 桂林理工大学 | Leveling rod suspended leveling method for settlement monitoring |
| CN111721260A (en)* | 2020-06-01 | 2020-09-29 | 上海勘察设计研究院(集团)有限公司 | High-precision light beam method settlement measurement method based on i-angle error correction of level gauge |
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| KR100819844B1 (en)* | 2006-10-31 | 2008-04-07 | (주)아세아항측 | National level control point survey method using image information acquisition from geodetic survey |
| KR100765154B1 (en)* | 2006-12-05 | 2007-10-15 | 삼부기술 주식회사 | Surveying method using distance adjustment before and after when leveling on slope |
| CN102636155A (en)* | 2012-04-28 | 2012-08-15 | 天津二十冶建设有限公司 | Two-instrument simultaneous measuring method for increasing leveling precision |
| CN105865416A (en)* | 2016-05-20 | 2016-08-17 | 桂林理工大学 | Leveling rod suspended leveling method for settlement monitoring |
| CN111721260A (en)* | 2020-06-01 | 2020-09-29 | 上海勘察设计研究院(集团)有限公司 | High-precision light beam method settlement measurement method based on i-angle error correction of level gauge |
| Title |
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| 基坑沉降监测信息的自动化处理研究;高磊;孙阳阳;濮慧蕾;曾京;王源;;地下空间与工程学报(第S2期);全文* |
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| PE01 | Entry into force of the registration of the contract for pledge of patent right | Denomination of invention:A settlement monitoring method for foundation pits and buildings Granted publication date:20230815 Pledgee:Chengdu SME financing Company Limited by Guarantee Pledgor:SICHUAN ZHONGSHUI CHENGKANYUN SURVEYING & MAPPING ENGINEERING CO.,LTD. Registration number:Y2024980053232 |