CN114340435A - Sole layer with support members - Google Patents

Abstract

Translated fromChinese

一种具有鞋底层(10)的鞋底(1)，在所述鞋底层中装有数个支撑构件(2)，所述支撑构件布置在鞋底表面的延伸范围内相互平行延伸的数个通道(101)中，应使所述鞋底层(10)和所述支撑构件(2)易于制造，并且通过其配合作用能够在鞋底表面的局部区域获得优化的支撑和减震效果。其实现方式为：所述支撑构件(2)由至少两个可相互分离的部件形成，特别是由壳套(20)和至少一个芯部(21)形成，所述数个支撑构件(2)沿着垂直于鞋底纵轴线(L)的竖向(V)被装入所述数个通道(101)并以形状配合的方式被保持在其中，其中所述支撑构件(2)至少部分地填充所述通道(101)，并且所述支撑构件(2)根据其在所述鞋底层(10)的延伸范围内的安置方式，基于其总硬度而沿着鞋底表面具有不同的支撑效果。

A sole (1) having a sole (10) in which several support members (2) are mounted, the support members being arranged in several channels (101) extending parallel to each other within the extension of the sole surface ), the sole layer (10) and the support member (2) should be easy to manufacture, and by their cooperating action an optimized support and shock absorption effect can be obtained in a local area of the sole surface. It is achieved in that the support member (2) is formed by at least two mutually separable parts, in particular by a shell (20) and at least one core (21), the support members (2) The plurality of channels ( 101 ) are inserted in a vertical direction (V) perpendicular to the longitudinal axis (L) of the sole and are held therein in a form-fitting manner, wherein the support member ( 2 ) at least partially fills The channel ( 101 ), and the support member ( 2 ), have different support effects along the sole surface based on their overall stiffness, depending on how they are positioned within the extension of the sole ( 10 ).

Description

Translated fromChinese

具有支撑构件的鞋底层Sole layer with support member

技术领域technical field

本发明描述一种具有鞋底层的鞋底，在所述鞋底层中装有数个支撑构件，所述支撑构件被引入到鞋底表面的延伸范围内相互平行延伸的多个通道中。The present invention describes a sole having a sole in which a number of support members are housed, the support members being introduced into channels extending parallel to each other over the extension of the sole surface.

背景技术Background technique

在过去，鞋子的鞋底经进一步开发，首先使得鞋底或各个鞋底层的减震特性适配于鞋子的用途以及鞋子使用者的身高与体重。所有这些研发都须注意整个鞋底的稳定性不被降低。这在一定程度上是鞋底提供按摩效果时的问题，而本案的目的并不在于提供按摩效果。In the past, the soles of shoes have been further developed, first of all to adapt the shock absorbing properties of the sole or individual soles to the use of the shoe and to the height and weight of the shoe user. All these developments have to take care that the stability of the entire sole is not degraded. To a certain extent, this is a problem when the sole provides a massage effect, and the purpose of this case is not to provide a massage effect.

例如，如CN107440218所揭示的鞋底层，在其延伸范围内具有各种减震构件。这些减震构件被设计成类似垫子或弹簧的结构，在鞋底层的制造过程中，这些结构被安装在空隙或空腔中。借助于回弹性减震构件，可以在限定的部位处取得期望效果，从而可以在体育活动中，例如防止使用者脚底出现压力点。当使用者特别重时，For example, the sole as disclosed in CN107440218 has various shock absorbing members within its extension. These shock absorbing members are designed as cushion- or spring-like structures that are installed in voids or cavities during the manufacture of the sole. By means of the resilient shock-absorbing member, the desired effect can be achieved at defined locations, so that pressure points can be prevented, for example, on the sole of the user's foot during sports activities. When the user is particularly heavy,

CN204908160也揭示了具有减震效果更好的鞋底层的鞋子。鞋底层内同样开设空腔，而空腔中安置有类似垫子或弹簧的减震构件。CN204908160 also discloses shoes with soles with better shock absorption. A cavity is also opened in the sole of the shoe, and a shock absorbing member like a cushion or a spring is arranged in the cavity.

总而言之，上面提到的想法似乎相当模糊，在实践中，适合不同鞋子使用者的个人需求的商业化大规模制鞋会变得很困难。目前还不清楚，究竟应该如何可重复地调节使鞋底层的减震特性匹配体重或者说鞋子的用途。目前尚不可能对减震特性进行足够精确的微调。即使面式地分布在鞋底表面的空腔数量大大增加，调节的可能性也受到严重限制。面式地分布在鞋底表面的减震构件不太可能达到足够高的密度。可以肯定的是，要轻易地制造这种鞋底层比较困难，因为需要付出很大努力才能使减震构件与鞋底层中不同大小的空腔相匹配。All in all, the ideas mentioned above seem rather vague, and in practice commercial large-scale shoe production that fits the individual needs of different shoe users can become difficult. It's unclear exactly how the cushioning properties of the sole should be reproducibly adjusted to match body weight or the purpose of the shoe. Fine-tuning the damping characteristics with sufficient precision is not currently possible. Even if the number of cavities distributed over the sole surface is greatly increased, the possibilities for adjustment are severely limited. It is unlikely that a sufficiently high density of shock absorbing elements is distributed over the sole surface. To be sure, it is difficult to easily manufacture such soles because of the great effort required to match the shock absorbing members to the different sized cavities in the sole.

发明内容SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

本发明的目的是创造一种鞋底的鞋底层，所述鞋底层具有数个支撑构件，其中鞋底层和支撑构件易于制造，并且通过二者的配合作用，有针对性地在鞋底表面的局部区域中获得优化的支撑和减震效果。The object of the present invention is to create a sole layer for a shoe sole, which has several support members, wherein the sole layer and the support members are easy to manufacture, and through the cooperation of the two, targeted local areas of the sole surface for optimized support and shock absorption.

所产生的鞋底应能达到不同的减震规格，同时仍能产生足够稳定的鞋底层。为了实现这一点，支撑构件以形状配合的方式被安置在鞋底层中。The resulting sole should be able to achieve different shock absorption specifications while still producing a sufficiently stable sole. In order to achieve this, the support member is positioned in the sole of the shoe in a form-fitting manner.

为了达成上述目的，鞋底层的形状或者说空腔的排布和形状为了匹配期望的鞋子尺寸而总是具有相同的结构，其中，对有待使用的支撑构件的选择是不同的，以适配于想要实现的减震特性。For this purpose, the shape of the sole layer or the arrangement and the shape of the cavities always have the same configuration in order to match the desired shoe size, wherein the selection of the support members to be used is different to suit the The damping characteristics you want to achieve.

本发明的特征组合的变化或细微调整可以在细节描述中找到，在附图中被图示出来，并已被纳入从属权利要求中。Variations or minor adaptations of the combination of features of the invention can be found in the detailed description, illustrated in the drawings and incorporated in the dependent claims.

附图说明Description of drawings

下面将结合附图对本发明的主题进行详细描述。本发明的必要特征、细节和优点将从以下描述中产生。The subject matter of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The essential features, details and advantages of the invention will emerge from the following description.

其中：in:

图1为具有数个支撑构件的鞋底在支撑构件被插入鞋底层中的数个通道之前的透视性分解图。1 is a perspective exploded view of a sole having several support members before the support members are inserted into several channels in the sole layer.

图2为经不同程度地填充的支撑构件的透视图，此处选择了具有十字形横截面的芯部作为例子。Figure 2 is a perspective view of a differently filled support member, where a core with a cross-shaped cross-section has been chosen as an example.

图3为具有鞋底层的鞋底的透视图，在鞋底层中，数个支撑构件被布置成部分地突出于鞋底表面。Figure 3 is a perspective view of a sole having a sole in which several support members are arranged to partially protrude from the sole surface.

具体实施方式Detailed ways

此处示出作为鞋底1的一部分的鞋底层10。鞋底1本身构成此处未图示的鞋子的一部分。由此产生的鞋底层10提供一种沿着鞋底表面进行网目化细密调节的可能性，以定义本案所关注的局部减震特性。沿着不同区域，在脚掌区域、后跟区域、脚的外缘区域，或沿着鞋底表面的纵向拱形区域，可以实现有针对性定义的减震特性，这适用于所有的鞋子尺寸或相应比例的鞋底尺寸。这些区域在图3中用虚线表示。The sole 10 is shown here as part of the sole 1 . The sole 1 itself forms part of a shoe not shown here. The resulting sole 10 offers the possibility of fine-mesh adjustment along the sole surface to define the local shock absorbing properties of interest in this case. Along different areas, in the area of the ball of the foot, the area of the heel, the area of the outer edge of the foot, or along the area of the longitudinal arch of the sole surface, it is possible to achieve specifically defined damping properties, which are suitable for all shoe sizes or corresponding proportions sole size. These regions are indicated by dashed lines in FIG. 3 .

在即可使用的状态下，鞋底层10的底面上配设具有大底层11的轮廓110的大底层11。大底层11在此伸出到上封闭面100的高度。在整个鞋底1准备使用之前，通常还会在鞋底层10的上封闭面100上设置盖底层和内底或鞋垫。为清楚起见，此处未图示这些不同的鞋底，但也可以选择将其作为鞋底层10的一部分。In the ready-to-use state, alarge base layer 11 having acontour 110 of thelarge base layer 11 is arranged on the bottom surface of thesole layer 10 . Thelarge bottom layer 11 projects here to the level of theupper closing surface 100 . Before theentire sole 1 is ready for use, a cover bottom layer and an insole or insole are usually also provided on the upper closedsurface 100 of thesole layer 10 . For clarity, these different soles are not shown here, but could alternatively be included as part of sole 10 .

在鞋底表面的延伸范围内，在鞋底层10中开设有相互平行延伸的通道101。通道101被布置成平行于纵向L的数行通道101和平行于鞋底层10的横向Q的数列通道101。In the extension range of the sole surface,channels 101 extending parallel to each other are opened in thesole layer 10 . Thechannels 101 are arranged in rows ofchannels 101 parallel to the longitudinal direction L and columns ofchannels 101 parallel to the transverse direction Q of thesole layer 10 .

通道101的延伸方向为竖向V，分别垂直于纵向L和横向Q。其中，通道101从鞋底层10的面向脚的上封闭面100垂直于鞋底层10的纵向L和横向Q地朝大底层11方向延伸。通过通道101的定向和数量而形成蜂窝状结构。相邻通道101之间设有将通道内腔彼此分开的通道壁102。通道101优选都是相互平行延伸，其中由于鞋底层10高度不一，通道101的深度可以彼此不同。这在图1中很清楚，其中从竖向V看，通道101在鞋底层10的后跟区域的深度大于其在脚掌区域的深度。The extending direction of thechannel 101 is the vertical direction V, which is perpendicular to the longitudinal direction L and the transverse direction Q, respectively. Therein, thechannel 101 extends from the upper closedsurface 100 of thesole layer 10 facing the foot, perpendicular to the longitudinal direction L and the transverse direction Q of thesole layer 10 , towards the largesole layer 11 . The honeycomb structure is formed by the orientation and number ofchannels 101 . Betweenadjacent channels 101 there arechannel walls 102 separating the channel cavities from each other. Thechannels 101 preferably all extend parallel to each other, wherein the depths of thechannels 101 may be different from each other due to the different heights of thesoles 10 . This is clear in Figure 1, where the depth of thechannel 101 in the heel region of thesole layer 10, seen in vertical V, is greater than its depth in the ball of the foot region.

通道101的横截面在此特别是选用圆形，其中也可以选择其他的平面几何图形，诸如矩形、正方形、三角形、六边形等多边形，或者也可以选择星形。The cross-section of thechannel 101 is here in particular a circle, wherein other planar geometries, such as polygons such as rectangles, squares, triangles, hexagons, etc., or also star shapes can also be selected.

该横截面在通道101的延伸范围内优选保持不变。在此情况下，通道101的造型呈鞋底层10中的盲孔的形式，这些盲孔朝上封闭面100开放。This cross section preferably remains constant over the extension of thechannel 101 . In this case, thechannel 101 is shaped in the form of blind holes in thesole layer 10 , which are open towards theupper closing surface 100 .

现在在此引入数个优选分别为多件式设计的支撑构件2，这些支撑构件沿竖向V插入数个通道101中。支撑构件2至少部分地填充通道101。借此使支撑构件2以形状配合的方式保持在通道101中。由于在实践中，穿鞋者的体重是在竖向V上发生作用，因此支撑构件2被防丢地固定住。支撑构件2应具有不同硬度，从而根据支撑构件2的安置方式，鞋底层10的各区域将具有不同的减震效果。There are now several supportingelements 2 , each preferably of multi-part design, introduced here, which are inserted in the vertical direction V intoseveral channels 101 . Thesupport member 2 at least partially fills thechannel 101 . Thesupport member 2 is thereby held in thechannel 101 in a form-fitting manner. Since in practice the weight of the wearer acts on the vertical V, thesupport member 2 is secured against loss. Thesupport members 2 should have different stiffnesses, so that depending on how thesupport members 2 are positioned, various regions of thesole layer 10 will have different shock absorbing effects.

支撑构件2由至少两个可相互分离的部件制成。此处图示了包括壳套20和至少一个芯部21的两件式变体，并将对其进行详细阐述。壳套20在此被设计成具有圆形横截面，该横截面中开设有壳套内轮廓200。壳套20的横截面与通道101的横截面相一致，从而可形成形状配合连接。将芯部21沿着壳套的纵轴线方向插入壳套20的挖空空间中。为此，芯部21具有相应的芯部外轮廓210。芯部21与壳套20的连接也是形状配合连接。Thesupport member 2 is made of at least two mutually separable parts. A two-piece variant comprising ashell 20 and at least onecore 21 is illustrated here and will be explained in detail. Thecasing 20 is designed here to have a circular cross section in which the casing inner contour 200 opens. The cross-section of thejacket 20 corresponds to the cross-section of thechannel 101 so that a form-fit connection can be formed. Thecore 21 is inserted into the hollow space of thecasing 20 in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the casing. For this purpose, thecore 21 has a corresponding coreouter contour 210 . The connection of thecore 21 to theshell 20 is also a form-fit connection.

基于壳套20所使用的材料、壳套高度H和壳套内轮廓200，壳套20具有可调节的硬度。同样的情况也适用于芯部21，基于其材料、芯部高度K和芯部外轮廓210。由此实现每个支撑构件2的总硬度。Thecasing 20 has an adjustable stiffness based on the material used for thecasing 20, the casing height H and the casing inner contour 200. The same applies to thecore 21 , based on its material, the core height K and the coreouter contour 210 . The overall stiffness of eachsupport member 2 is thereby achieved.

图2中例示性地示出被不同程度插入的、具有不同硬度的芯部21以及空的壳套20。通过正确选择相匹配的壳套20和芯部21，可以实现各种硬度等级和各种减震等级的支撑构件2。可选地，一些支撑构件2的芯部21可被插设成部分地从壳套20中伸出。FIG. 2 shows schematically insertedcores 21 of different degrees of hardness andempty shells 20 . With the correct choice of matchingshell 20 andcore 21,support members 2 of various hardness levels and various shock absorption levels can be achieved. Alternatively, thecores 21 of some of thesupport members 2 may be inserted to partially protrude from theshell 20 .

然而优选的是，芯部21的芯部高度K被选择成与支撑构件2的壳套20的壳套高度H同等大小，并且芯部21与壳套高度H齐平地插入壳套内轮廓200中。Preferably, however, the core height K of thecore 21 is chosen to be the same size as the shell height H of theshell 20 of thesupport member 2 and thecore 21 is inserted flush with the shell height H into the shell inner contour 200 .

在实践中，壳套20被实施得比至少一个芯部21更软，使得壳套20的硬度总是小于所插入的至少一个芯部21的硬度。In practice, theshell 20 is embodied softer than the at least onecore 21 , so that the hardness of theshell 20 is always less than the hardness of the inserted at least onecore 21 .

通过对支撑构件2的各个部件的设计，并且根据其在鞋底层10的延伸范围内的安置方式，可以沿着鞋底表面有针对性地定域地实现期望的支撑效果和减震效果。Through the design of the individual components of thesupport member 2, and depending on how they are arranged in the extension of thesole layer 10, the desired support and shock absorption effects can be achieved in a targeted and localized manner along the sole surface.

在支撑构件2的图示例子中，芯部外轮廓210的形状或者说芯部21的横截面形状是一个十字。事实表明，这种横截面特别合适，但也可以选择其他的平面几何形状。In the illustrated example of thesupport member 2, the shape of the coreouter contour 210 or the cross-sectional shape of thecore 21 is a cross. This cross-section has been shown to be particularly suitable, but other planar geometries can also be selected.

鞋底层10制成后，支撑构件2插入所设置的通道101中。在此这样来选择壳套20的壳套高度H，使得支撑元件2略微突出于鞋底层10的面向脚的上封闭面100。如此一来，壳套20的端面与鞋底层10的上封闭面100不齐平。芯部高度K在此被选择成与壳套高度H同等大小，或者说，芯部21的插入方式是使芯部21在一侧与其壳套20齐平。After the sole 10 is made, thesupport member 2 is inserted into thechannel 101 provided. Here, the shell height H of theshell 20 is selected such that thesupport element 2 protrudes slightly beyond theupper closing surface 100 of thesole layer 10 facing the foot. As a result, the end surface of theshell 20 is not flush with the upperclosed surface 100 of thesole layer 10 . The core height K is here chosen to be the same size as the jacket height H, or thecore 21 is inserted in such a way that thecore 21 is flush with itsjacket 20 on one side.

如图3所示，在例如存在于脚掌区域的一些区段中，通道101被相同的支撑构件2所填充，这些支撑构件包括相同的壳套20和芯部21，且具有限定的总硬度。在其他区域，例如在后跟区域，平行于横向Q的成列通道101被相同的支撑构件2所填充，但这些支撑构件2的总硬度不同于脚掌区域的支撑构件2的总硬度。As shown in Figure 3, in some sections, eg present in the sole area, thechannels 101 are filled by thesame support members 2 comprising thesame shell 20 andcore 21 and having a defined overall stiffness. In other areas, for example in the heel area, the columns ofchannels 101 parallel to the transverse direction Q are filled by thesame support members 2, but the total stiffness of thesesupport members 2 differs from that of thesupport members 2 in the sole area.

在例示性标出的区域C中，插在相邻通道101中的支撑构件2具有不同的壳套20、芯部21，和/或这些壳套20和/或芯部21具有不同硬度。这就可以沿着鞋底表面对减震效果进行非常精确的局部调整。根据通道101和支撑构件2的直径，可以沿上封闭面100高密度地设置支撑构件2，以便能实现对局部减震效果的高分辨调节。In the exemplarily marked area C, thesupport members 2 inserted inadjacent channels 101 havedifferent shells 20,cores 21, and/or theseshells 20 and/orcores 21 have different hardnesses. This allows very precise local adjustment of the shock absorption effect along the sole surface. Depending on the diameters of thechannels 101 and thesupport members 2, thesupport members 2 can be arranged at a high density along theupper closing surface 100, so that a high-resolution adjustment of the local damping effect can be achieved.

由于壳套20和芯部21是用塑料制成，优选用聚合物和弹性体制成，因此，用肖氏硬度计进行硬度测量。肖氏硬度A优选介于20至30与40至50之间。Since theshell 20 and the core 21 are made of plastic, preferably polymers and elastomers, hardness measurements are made with a Shore durometer. The Shore A hardness is preferably between 20 and 30 and 40 and 50.

开设有通道101的鞋底层10可用塑料注塑工艺或者例如用3d打印机来制造。这同样适用于支撑构件2的壳套20和芯部21。所有可被相应加工的塑料材料都在考虑范围内。The sole 10 provided with thechannel 101 can be produced by a plastic injection molding process or, for example, by a 3D printer. The same applies to theshell 20 and thecore 21 of thesupport member 2 . All plastic materials that can be processed accordingly are considered.

可选地，也可以进一步以材料接合的方式将芯部21固定在壳套内轮廓200中，这例如通过粘合剂来实现。Optionally, the core 21 can also be further fixed in the shell inner contour 200 in a cohesive manner, for example by means of an adhesive.

也可以将一个以上的芯部21插入每个支撑构件2的壳套20中。It is also possible to insert more than onecore 21 into theshell 20 of eachsupport member 2 .

由于设有数个面式地分布在鞋底表面的平面中的支撑构件2，因此可以对鞋底层10的减震特性进行精确调节，并且局部高分辨率地调节。其中，直接相邻的通道101可配设不同的支撑构件2。数个支撑构件2可以完全分层插入相应的通道101中。各支撑构件2可通过桥式标定断裂点相互连接。在3d打印方法中，也可以同时打印带有通道101的鞋底层10和支撑构件2。相应地，用3d打印机完全以3d打印方法以打印方式制造根据权利要求之一所述的鞋底层10。Due to the presence ofseveral support members 2 distributed planarly in the plane of the sole surface, the damping properties of the sole 10 can be adjusted precisely and locally with high resolution. Wherein, the directlyadjacent channels 101 may be provided withdifferent support members 2 .Several support members 2 can be inserted into the correspondingchannels 101 in complete layers. Theindividual support members 2 can be connected to each other by means of bridge-type marked breaking points. In the 3D printing method, thesole layer 10 with thechannels 101 and thesupport member 2 can also be printed simultaneously. Accordingly, thesole layer 10 according to one of the claims is produced entirely in a 3D printing method by means of a 3D printer.

附图标记说明Description of reference numerals

1鞋底1 sole

10鞋底层10 Bottom of the shoe

100上封闭面100 upper closed face

101通道101 channels

102通道壁102 Channel Wall

鞋底表面sole surface

11大底层11 Great Ground Floors

110大底层的轮廓2支撑构件(数个，优选为两件式)110Contoured base 2 support members (several, preferably two pieces)

20壳套20 shells

200壳套内轮廓200 shell inner contour

H壳套高度H Shell Height

21芯部(至少一个)21 cores (at least one)

210芯部外轮廓210 core outer contour

K芯部高度L鞋底纵轴线/鞋底层的纵向(L)Q横向K core height L sole longitudinal axis / sole longitudinal (L) Q transverse

V竖向V vertical

C区域area C

Claims (11)

1. A sole (1) with a sole layer (10) in which a plurality of support elements (2) are arranged, said support members being arranged in several channels (101) extending parallel to each other in the extension of the sole surface, characterized in that the support member (2) is formed by at least two mutually separable parts, in particular formed by a shell (20) and at least one core (21), into which channels (101) the support members (2) are inserted in a vertical direction (V) perpendicular to the longitudinal axis (L) of the sole and are retained in a form-fitting manner, wherein the support member (2) at least partially fills the channel (101), and the support elements (2) have different support effects along the sole surface depending on their arrangement in the extension of the sole layer (10) on the basis of their total hardness.

2. Sole (1) with a sole layer (10) according to claim 1, wherein the casing (20) is embodied softer than the at least one core (21).

3. The sole (1) with a sole layer (10) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein a core outer contour (210) of the at least one core (21) matches a shell inner contour (200) of the shell (20) such that the at least one core (21) can be inserted into the shell (20) and retained in a form-fitting manner.

4. The sole (1) with a sole layer (10) according to claim 3, wherein the at least one core (21) is secured in a materially bonded manner in the shell inner contour (200).

5. The sole (1) with a sole layer (10) according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the hardness of the at least one core (21) of the support member (2) in the ball region of the sole layer (10) is softer than the hardness of the at least one core (21) of the support member (2) in the heel region of the sole layer (10).

6. Sole (1) with a sole layer (10) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein a shell height (H) of the shell (20) is selected such that the support element (2) protrudes in a vertical direction (V) of the sole layer (10) over an upper foot-facing closure face (100) of the sole layer (10).

7. The sole (1) with a sole layer (10) according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the at least one core (21) protrudes from the shell inner contour (200) of the shell (20).

8. The sole (1) with a sole layer (10) according to any of the previous claims, wherein the core height (K) of the support member (2) corresponds to the shell height (H).

9. The sole (1) with a sole layer (10) according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the several channels (101) are formed as blind holes in the sole layer (10) extending from the upper closed face (100) of the sole layer (10) facing the foot to a large bottom layer (11) bordering the sole layer (10).

10. The sole (1) with a sole layer (10) according to any of the previous claims 3 to 9, wherein the core outer contour (210) of the at least one core (21) is a cross.

11. The sole (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the several channels (101) extend parallel to each other and are arranged perpendicular to the longitudinal direction (L) of the sole layer (10) in the direction of the large sole layer from the upper foot-facing closing face (100) of the sole layer (10) forming a honeycomb structure along the vertical direction (V) of the sole layer (10), and adjacent channels (101) are separated by channel walls (102).

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