CN114262633A - High-temperature tar-containing pyrolysis gas dust removal device and method - Google Patents

Abstract

Translated fromChinese

本发明涉及一种高温含焦油热解气除尘装置及方法，装置中的管道重力除尘器包含一个与反应器气体出口相接的气体入口，一个与二级除尘器相接的气体出口，一个与一级灰舱相连的排灰口，所述气体入口与排灰口之间，以及气体出口与排灰口之间设置倾斜流道，从反应器出口进入的气体在所述倾斜流道内由于惯性力以及碰撞再借助重力作用使尘粒下落至排灰口；所述排灰口与所述一级灰舱之间安装排灰阀；所述二级除尘器用于对从管道冲力除尘器气体出口流入的气体进行二次除尘，排尘出口通过排灰阀连接二级灰舱；所述的一级灰舱、二级灰舱均用于暂存尘粒，其出口均通过排灰阀接入反应器；所述的蒸汽缓冲罐用于向所述管道重力除尘器、二级除尘器内通过热蒸汽，用于定期进行吹扫。

The invention relates to a high-temperature tar-containing pyrolysis gas dedusting device and method. The pipeline gravity dedusting device in the device comprises a gas inlet connected with a gas outlet of a reactor, a gas outlet connected with a secondary precipitator, and a gas outlet connected with a secondary precipitator. The ash discharge port connected to the first-stage ash chamber, between the gas inlet and the ash discharge port, and between the gas outlet and the ash discharge port, an inclined flow channel is arranged, and the gas entering from the reactor outlet is in the inclined flow channel due to inertia. Force and collision, and then use gravity to make dust particles fall to the ash discharge port; an ash discharge valve is installed between the ash discharge port and the primary ash chamber; the secondary dust collector is used to force the gas outlet from the pipeline to the dust collector. The inflowing gas is subjected to secondary dust removal, and the dust outlet is connected to the secondary ash chamber through the ash discharge valve; the first and secondary ash chambers are used for temporary storage of dust particles, and their outlets are connected through the ash discharge valve. Reactor; the steam buffer tank is used for passing hot steam into the pipeline gravity precipitator and the secondary precipitator for regular purging.

Description

High-temperature tar-containing pyrolysis gas dust removal device and method

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of dust removal and environmental protection, and particularly relates to a high-temperature tar-containing pyrolysis gas dust removal method and device.

Background

High-temperature tar-containing pyrolysis gas widely exists in various industrial production lines, such as coal pyrolysis quality improvement, biomass, sludge, organic solid waste and other pyrolysis gasification, steel plant coking process, household garbage pyrolysis power generation and other processes.

The temperature of the pyrolysis gas is high, generally at 300-³. The pyrolysis gas has complex components and contains CO₂、CO、H₂、CH₄、C₂H₄、C₃H₆、H₂O, many complex macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and tar.

The dust removal of the pyrolysis gas needs to be carried out in a high-temperature environment, when the pyrolysis gas is cooled and condensed, dust is concentrated in the pyrolysis oil, and the separation of tar and the dust is very difficult. The high-temperature on-line separation effect of the pyrolysis coke breeze and the pyrolysis oil gas is not ideal, and the solid content in the coal tar is higher and the oil quality is poorer finally. The prior art is difficult to economically and effectively realize the separation and purification of the dust-containing tar, the viscosity of the dust-containing tar is increased, the fluidity is poor, the dust-containing tar is easy to adhere to the wall of the furnace, the blockage of pipelines and equipment for conveying is easy to cause, the dust-containing tar is also easy to block a burner nozzle, the combustion stability is reduced, and further the load stability of a hearth is reduced.

The high temperature, the dust and the tar are the problems of the prior pyrolysis gas dust removal process. The cyclone dust collector is widely applied in the field of dust collection, but the filtering precision is relatively rough, and the problem of filtering tiny dust is difficult to solve. The bag type dust collector can realize finer filtration, but the temperature resistance of the bag is generally not more than 260 ℃, the phenomenon of bag burning is easy to occur when the temperature is too high, and the temperature of the dust-containing gas needs to be reduced to meet the working requirement of the filter material in order to ensure that the filter material is not damaged. Volatile oil is contained in the pyrolysis gas, and when the temperature is reduced, tar in the pyrolysis gas can be separated out to cause 'bag pasting', so that the filtering material loses filtering capacity, equipment is blocked, and the tar cannot be recycled.

The ceramic film dust collector solves the problem that the bag type dust collector cannot resist high temperature, but due to the material, the mechanical strength of the ceramic filter element is poor, the thermal shock resistance is poor, the high-temperature environment is easy to crack due to temperature fluctuation, and the filter element is easy to break due to extrusion caused by dust accumulation agglomeration. Because of its high failure rate, operational instability adversely affects the stable operation of subsequent pyrolysis gas processing facilities. The service life is short, and the filter element replacement frequency is high. Meanwhile, the ceramic filter element is expensive, so that the operation cost of the dust removal system is quite high.

The single dust remover is difficult to effectively remove dust with different particle sizes, and in the process of adopting the cyclone dust remover as pre-dust removal, the horizontal pipe sections of the inlet and the outlet of the cyclone dust remover are easy to deposit and block, so that the equipment is difficult to stably run for a long time.

In summary, a dust removal method and device with high dust removal efficiency, high precision, high temperature resistance and reliable operation become urgent needs.

Disclosure of Invention

The technical problem solved by the invention is as follows: the defects in the prior art are overcome, and the high-temperature domestic garbage pyrolysis gas dedusting process is provided, so that dust in the pyrolysis gas is separated out in a high-temperature environment, and clean pyrolysis gas is obtained.

The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a high-temperature pyrolysis gas dust removal device containing tar comprises a reactor, a pipeline gravity dust remover, a secondary dust remover, a primary ash bin, a secondary ash bin and a steam buffer tank;

the pipeline gravity dust collector comprises a gas inlet connected with a gas outlet of the reactor, a gas outlet connected with a secondary dust collector, and an ash discharge port connected with a primary ash cabin, wherein inclined flow channels are arranged between the gas inlet and the ash discharge port and between the gas outlet and the ash discharge port, and dust particles fall to the ash discharge port through the action of gravity due to inertia force and collision in the inclined flow channels by gas entering from the outlet of the reactor; an ash discharge valve is arranged between the ash discharge port and the first-stage ash cabin;

the secondary dust remover is used for carrying out secondary dust removal on gas flowing in from a gas outlet of the pipeline impact dust remover, and the dust exhaust outlet is connected with the secondary dust cabin through a dust exhaust valve;

the first-stage dust cabin and the second-stage dust cabin are used for temporarily storing dust particles, and outlets of the first-stage dust cabin and the second-stage dust cabin are connected into the reactor through dust discharge valves;

the steam buffer tank is used for introducing hot steam into the pipeline gravity dust collector and the secondary dust collector for periodic purging.

Preferably, a V-shaped flow channel is formed between a gas inlet and a gas outlet of the pipeline gravity dust collector, a vertically downward outlet flow channel is arranged at the bottom of the V-shaped flow channel, the V-shaped flow channel and the outlet flow channel are equal-diameter circular pipe flow channels, and the diameter of the inlet pipeline at the front end of the gas inlet is smaller than that of the equal-diameter circular pipe.

Preferably, the upper wall surface of the inclined flow channel is provided with dust removing fins, the dust removing fins are staggered along the wall surface of the flow channel, namely projections of the fins in the axial direction are orderly arranged at a certain interval, and the projections in the radial direction do not overlap with each other.

Preferably, an outer jacket is arranged outside the pipeline gravity dust collector, and heat tracing and heat preservation are carried out on the pipeline gravity dust collector by using high-temperature flue gas or superheated steam as a high-temperature medium.

Preferably, the secondary dust remover adopts an outer jacket type structure, and a high-temperature tar-containing pyrolysis gas inlet, a high-temperature tar-containing pyrolysis gas outlet, a pyrolysis gas ash outlet, a flue gas inlet, a flue gas outlet and a flue gas ash outlet are structurally arranged;

metal filter bag tube bundles are arranged in the structure, and a pulse valve is arranged above each tube bundle; the gas to be purified enters from the high-temperature tar-containing pyrolysis gas inlet, is dedusted by the metal filter bag tube bundles arranged in the high-temperature tar-containing pyrolysis gas inlet and then is discharged from the high-temperature tar-containing pyrolysis gas outlet, and the removed ash is discharged from the pyrolysis gas ash outlet; the high-temperature medium enters the outer jacket layer from the flue gas inlet and is discharged from the flue gas outlet positioned above the high-temperature medium, and the ash in the high-temperature medium is settled and discharged from the flue gas ash outlet.

Preferably, the steam inlet of the secondary dust remover arranged on the structure is used for realizing dust removal by back flushing through a pulse valve by superheated steam.

Preferably, the steam temperature of the superheated steam is more than or equal to 400 ℃, and the steam pressure is 4-6 Mpa.

Preferably, the pipeline gravity dust collector and the secondary dust collector are both provided with temperature control systems, and the temperature of the dust collector is controlled to be more than or equal to 400 ℃ in the working process.

A high-temperature tar-containing pyrolysis gas dedusting method comprises the following steps:

preheating the system;

controlling the temperature of the pipeline gravity dust collector and the temperature of the secondary dust collector to be kept at a preset temperature;

performing inert gas replacement on the system to enable pyrolysis gas to be in an inert environment;

controlling the system to start working after replacement is finished;

monitoring the material level heights in the first-level ash cabin and the second-level ash cabin, closing an ash discharge valve at the outlet of the dust remover when the material level in the ash cabin reaches a set high material level, controlling the ash material in the corresponding ash cabin to enter the reactor, opening the ash discharge valve at the outlet of the dust remover after the ash discharge is finished, continuously collecting, and circularly reciprocating until the treatment is finished.

Preferably, the preheating temperature and the preset temperature are both more than or equal to 400 ℃.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention can realize the high-efficiency dust removal of the organic solid waste pyrolysis gas at high temperature, and the dust content after the treatment reaches 1-2mg/m³. The pipeline gravity dust collector adopts an inclined flow channel, and effectively avoids pipeline blockage caused by a horizontal transverse pipe. All adopt dust collectorsThe unique jacketed design, the outer jacket carries out heat preservation and heat tracing to the dust remover through the high-temperature medium, so that tar is not separated out and condensed in the working process, the phenomenon that equipment and pipeline are blocked due to separation of cooling tar of pyrolysis gas is prevented, the corrosion of the tar to the pipeline and the equipment is reduced, the stability and the safety of system operation are ensured, the problem that the dust and the tar are difficult to separate is solved, and the available value of the pyrolysis gas and the tar is improved.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method and a device for dedusting high-temperature pyrolysis gas containing tar;

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a secondary precipitator of the present invention;

wherein, 1-a reactor; 2-pipeline gravity dust collector; 21-gas inlet of pipeline gravity dust collector; 22-gas outlet of pipeline gravity dust collector; 23-a dust removal fin; 24-a pipeline gravity dust collector steam inlet; 25-pipeline gravity dust collector outer jacket; 26-a temperature control system of the pipeline gravity dust collector; 3-ash discharge valve of pipeline gravity dust collector; 4-first-level ash bin; 5-first-grade ash bin level meter; 6-first-level ash bin ash discharge valve; 7-a secondary dust remover; 8-a steam buffer tank; 9-ash discharge valve of the secondary dust remover; 10-a second-level ash bin; 11-second-level ash bin level meter; 12-a secondary ash bin ash discharge valve; 71-high temperature pyrolysis gas inlet containing tar; 72-high temperature pyrolysis gas outlet containing tar; 73-pyrolysis gas ash outlet; 74-secondary precipitator steam inlet; 75-flue gas inlet; 76-flue gas outlet; 77-flue gas ash outlet; 78-temperature control system of secondary dust remover.

Detailed Description

The invention is further illustrated by the following examples.

In the description of the present invention, the terms "above", "below", "upper right" and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of describing the present invention and do not require that the present invention must be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

The invention provides a high-temperature pyrolysis gas dust removal method and a device route containing tar. Two stages of dust collectors are connected in series, the first stage dust collector serves as a primary dust collector, and the second stage dust collector serves as a fine dust collector. The dust removal precision is high, the filtration efficiency is high, high-purity pyrolysis gas can be obtained, coking and blockage of filter materials are prevented, the realization is convenient, the operation is easy, and the method is suitable for industrial production.

The utility model provides a high temperature contains tar pyrolysis gas dust collector, contain the reactor, one-level dust remover (pipeline gravity dust remover), the second grade dust remover, the one-level ash bin, the second grade ash bin, the steam buffer tank, it is specific, the pipeline gravity dustremover gas inlet 21 of a gas outlet and pipelinegravity dust remover 2 of reactor 1 top is connected, 2 below of pipeline gravity dust remover are equipped with pipeline gravity dust remover ash valve 3, the below export of pipeline gravity dust remover ash valve 3 is connected with one-level ash bin 4, 4 below exports in one-level ash bin are equipped with one-level ash bin ash valve 6, the export of one-level ash bin ash valve 6 is connected with reactor 1. One gas outlet of thesteam buffer tank 8 is connected with the pipeline gravity dustcollector steam inlet 24, and the other gas outlet of thesteam buffer tank 8 is connected with the secondary dustcollector steam inlet 74.

The secondary dust remover comprises a high-temperature tar-containingpyrolysis gas inlet 71, a high-temperature tar-containingpyrolysis gas outlet 72, a pyrolysisgas ash outlet 73, a secondary dustremover steam inlet 74, aflue gas inlet 75, aflue gas outlet 76 and a fluegas ash outlet 77. A secondary dust remover ash discharge valve 9 is arranged below thesecondary dust remover 7, and a secondary ash binash discharge valve 12 is arranged at an outlet below thesecondary ash bin 10. Specifically, thegas outlet 22 of the pipelinegravity dust collector 2 is connected with the high-temperature tar-containingpyrolysis gas inlet 71 of the second-stage dust collector 7, the pyrolysisgas ash outlet 73 is connected with the ash discharge valve 9 of the second-stage dust collector, the lower outlet of the ash discharge valve 9 of the second-stage dust collector is connected with the second-stage ash bin 10, the lower outlet of the second-stage ash bin 10 is connected with theash discharge valve 12 of the second-stage ash bin, and the outlet of theash discharge valve 12 of the second-stage ash bin is connected with the reactor 1.

According to the high-temperature tar-containing pyrolysis gas dust removal method and device, the pipelinegravity dust remover 2 is designed by adopting an equal-diameter circular pipe flow channel, and the cross-sectional area of the flow channel is larger than that of a front-end inlet pipeline. After the high-temperature tar-containing pyrolysis gas enters the pipeline gravity dust collector, the cross section area of the circulating pipeline is enlarged, the gas flow velocity is reduced, and large-particle-size particles are settled under the action of gravity, so that the purpose of dust collection is achieved.

According to the dust removal method and device for the high-temperature tar-containing pyrolysis gas, the pipelinegravity dust remover 2 adopts a V-shaped flow channel design, the high-temperature tar-containing pyrolysis gas enters from agas inlet 21 of the pipeline gravity dust remover, when the high-temperature tar-containing pyrolysis gas passes through the V-shaped flow channel, particulate matters in the gas collide with a wall of the pipeline due to the inertia effect or form stagnation in front of the wall of the pipeline, so that the movement path of the particulate matters and gas molecules is changed, and further the separation of the particulate matters with large particle size from an airflow main body is realized.

According to the dedusting method and device for the high-temperature tar-containing pyrolysis gas, the upper wall surface of the pipelinegravity dust collector 2 is provided with the group of dedustingfins 23, disturbance to airflow can be enhanced, the dedusting effect is enhanced, meanwhile, thededusting fins 23 are vertically downward, intercepted dust can directly fall down, dust deposition cannot be caused, and stable operation of a system is facilitated. Particularly, the dedustingfins 23 are arranged in a staggered manner, that is, the projections of the fins in the axial direction are orderly arranged at a certain interval, and the projections in the radial direction do not overlap with each other, so that the effective area of the fins is maximally utilized, the disturbance of the fins to the air flow is enhanced, and the dedusting effect is enhanced.

According to the high-temperature tar-containing pyrolysis gas dust removal method and device, the wall surface of the pipeline gravity dust remover has a certain gradient, deposited particles can slide downwards, and the design of the inclined flow channel effectively avoids dust deposition and blockage caused by a traditional horizontal pipe section.

The purpose of setting up pipeline gravity dust remover makes great granule dust separate in the pyrolysis gas, reaches the effect of dust removal in advance, makes the particulate matter of different particle diameter scope realize hierarchical, segmentation processing, reduces scouring, the friction of high temperature dusty gas to follow-up device, effectively reduces the gaseous dust content of second grade dust remover entry, reduces second grade dust remover work load, reduces second grade dust remover equipment size, improves whole dust collection efficiency.

Pipelinegravity dust collector 2 is equipped with pipeline gravity dustcollector steam inlet 24, adopts superheated steam to sweep pipelinegravity dust collector 2 regularly, prevents that pipelinegravity dust collector 2 deposition, coking.

According to the high-temperature tar-containing pyrolysis gas dust removal method and device, the pipelinegravity dust remover 2 is designed in an outer jacket mode, theouter jacket 25 of the pipeline gravity dust remover is located on the outer side of the pipelinegravity dust remover 2, low-dust-containing high-temperature flue gas or superheated steam is used as a high-temperature medium, heat tracing and heat preservation are carried out on the pipelinegravity dust remover 2, and equipment and pipeline blockage caused by tar condensation and separation are prevented.

The high-temperature tar-containing pyrolysis gas dust removal method and device are characterized in that thesecondary dust remover 7 adopts a metal filter bag dust remover, metal filter bag tube bundles are arranged in the secondary dust remover, and a pulse valve is arranged above each tube bundle. The gas to be purified enters from the high-temperature tar-containingpyrolysis gas inlet 71, is discharged from the high-temperature tar-containingpyrolysis gas outlet 72 after being dedusted, and the removed ash is discharged from the pyrolysisgas ash outlet 73.

The metal filter bag dust remover has the advantages that the filter material is made of iron-aluminum alloy, the metal filter bag dust remover is compact and porous, high in structural strength and high in temperature resistance, and the filter precision can reach 0.3 um.

The metal filter bag dust remover adopts superheated steam to perform back flushing through a pulse valve. Preferably, the steam temperature is more than or equal to 400 ℃ and the steam pressure is 4-6 Mpa. The filter material surface tar precipitation can be effectively prevented to cause bag pasting while the filter material attached filter cake is effectively removed by adopting steam back flushing, so that the filter material blockage is prevented, the filtering efficiency is improved, and the service life of the filter material is prolonged.

According to the high-temperature tar-containing pyrolysis gas dust removal method and device, the secondary dust remover adopts an outer jacket type structural design, high-temperature flue gas is often generated in an organic solid waste disposal device, the high-temperature flue gas generated by the system enters an outer jacket layer of the secondary dust remover from aflue gas inlet 75, the high-temperature flue gas rises in a swirling manner and is discharged from aflue gas outlet 76, and partial ash in the flue gas is settled and is discharged from a fluegas ash outlet 77.

The secondary dust remover adopts a jacket type design and has the following two functions:

(1) the high-temperature flue gas completes coarse dust removal in the flue gas purification device, and the dust removal load of the subsequent flue gas purification device is reduced;

(2) the heat of the high-temperature flue gas is utilized to keep the secondary dust remover at a higher temperature (more than 400 ℃), so that tar in the pyrolysis gas is not condensed and separated out, the equipment blockage is reduced, and the overall tar recovery rate of the system is improved.

(3) The waste heat of the flue gas is recycled, the use of an electric heater is avoided, the temperature of the secondary dust remover is maintained, and the energy consumption of the system is effectively reduced.

According to the method and the device for dedusting the high-temperature tar-containing pyrolysis gas, material level measuring devices, namely a first-stage ashbin level meter 5 and a second-stage ashbin level meter 11, are respectively arranged on the first-stage ash bin 4 and the second-stage ash bin 10. The material level height can be judged through the material level meter, and then the actions of the ash discharge valve 9 of the pipeline gravity dust collector and theash discharge valve 12 of the secondary ash bin are controlled.

According to the method and the device for dedusting the high-temperature tar-containing pyrolysis gas, ash discharge valves are arranged below the pipelinegravity dust collector 2, the primary ash bin 4, thesecondary ash bin 7 and thesecondary ash bin 10. The working flow of the first-stage dust removal is described as an example. When the material level height does not reach the high material level set value in the one-level ash bin 4, the one-level ash bin ash discharge valve 6 is closed, the pipeline gravity dust collector ash discharge valve 3 is opened, and the one-level ash bin 4 is in a collected ash content state. When the material level height in the first-stage ash bin 4 reaches a high material level set value, the ash discharge valve 3 of the pipeline gravity dust collector is closed firstly, then the ash discharge valve 6 of the first-stage ash bin is opened, and the ash bin enters an ash discharge state. When the pressure in the first-stage ash bin 4 is equal to or close to the pressure in the reactor 1, ash discharge is finished, the first-stage ash bin ash discharge valve 6 is closed, the pipeline gravity dust collector ash discharge valve 3 is opened, the first-stage ash bin 4 enters the ash collection state again, and the process is repeated in a circulating mode. The secondary dust removal and ash discharge process is the same.

In the method and the device for dedusting the high-temperature pyrolysis gas containing the tar, the ash discharge valve adopts a butterfly valve or a gate valve.

According to the method and the device for dedusting the high-temperature tar-containing pyrolysis gas, ash captured by the deduster is directly sent back to the reactor 1 through the first-stage ash bin ash discharge valve 6 and the second-stage ash binash discharge valve 12, and the design has the following advantages:

(1) because pyrolysis carbon powder with higher content is contained in the pyrolysis gas ash, the invention solves the problem that the discharge of the pyrolysis gas ash directly used as fly ash is difficult to reach the treatment standard;

(2) after the pyrolysis gas ash is discharged into the reactor, the pyrolysis gas ash subsequently enters a heat utilization device, so that the energy of carbon powder is fully utilized, the energy utilization efficiency is improved compared with the direct discharge, and the ash discharge amount is reduced;

(3) the ash discharge path is shortened, a pneumatic conveying device and a pipeline are not required, the process complexity is reduced, and the economic cost is effectively saved.

According to the method and the device for dedusting the high-temperature tar-containing pyrolysis gas, the two stages of dedusters are respectively provided with the temperature control system, the temperature of the dedusters is controlled to be more than or equal to 400 ℃ in the working process, and the flow of the high-temperature gas (high-temperature flue gas or steam) of the outer jacket can be controlled through the feedback of the temperature control systems, so that the temperature of the dedusters is controlled and adjusted.

The invention relates to a high-temperature tar-containing pyrolysis gas dedusting method, which comprises the following steps:

(1) and (4) preheating. The pyrolysis gas contains complex high molecular substances which can be condensed and separated out when the temperature is low, so the dust removal system needs to be preheated before starting, the heat source can adopt hot flue gas and hot nitrogen, the heat source can be selected according to the conditions of the engineering system, and the hot flue gas is selected for convenience of explanation. And preheating the pipeline gravity dust collector, the first-stage ash bin, the second-stage dust collector and the second-stage ash bin to a temperature close to that of the target pyrolysis gas by using a pipeline along the way by adopting hot flue gas. In a specific embodiment, the start preheating temperature of the dust remover is controlled to be more than or equal to 400 ℃.

(2) And controlling the temperature. The pipeline gravity dust collector and the secondary dust collector are both in a jacket type design, high-temperature flue gas is introduced into an outer jacket, and meanwhile, the pipeline gravity dust collector and the secondary dust collector are provided with temperature control systems, and the temperature of the dust collector is controlled to be more than or equal to 400 ℃ in the working process by adjusting the flow rate of the flue gas.

(3) And (4) replacement. Because the pyrolysis gas contains a plurality of combustible components, after the dust removal system finishes preheating, the hot nitrogen is used for full replacement, so that the dust removal system forms an inert environment, and the operation safety is ensured.

(4) When the replacement is completed, the dust removal system can be put into operation. Pyrolysis feedstock is subjected to elevated temperatures in reactor 1Reacting to generate pyrolytic carbon and high-temperature pyrolysis gas. The reactor 1 is a core device in which pyrolysis occurs, and may be any type of reactor vessel that is currently or later developed, such as a horizontal type, a vertical type, a rotary kiln type, a screw conveyor type, or the like. The temperature range of the high-temperature pyrolysis gas is 300-600 ℃, and the high-temperature pyrolysis gas contains gaseous pyrolysis oil. In a specific embodiment, the dust content of the pyrolysis gas is 100-200 g/Nm³。

(5) The high-temperature pyrolysis gas leaves from a gas outlet above the reactor 1, enters the pipelinegravity dust collector 2 from a pipeline gravity dustcollector gas inlet 21, is discharged from a pipeline gravity dustcollector gas outlet 22, and the pipelinegravity dust collector 2 achieves the purpose of coarse dust removal.

(6) The export in 2 below of pipeline gravity dust collector is connected with pipeline gravity dust collector ash discharge valve 3, and the export in 3 below of pipeline gravity dust collector ash discharge valve is connected with one-level ash bin 4, and the whereabouts dust that produces through pipelinegravity dust collector 2 gets into one-level ash bin 4 through pipeline gravity dust collector ash discharge valve 3.

(7) The first-level ash bin 4 is provided with a first-level ash binmaterial level meter 5 which can measure the material level height in the first-level ash bin. Collect ash content in-process at one-level ash storehouse 4, pipeline gravity dust collector dust discharging valve 3 opens, and one-level ash storehouse dust discharging valve 6 closes, and when the dust in one-level ash storehouse 4 constantly accumulated and reached the high material level of settlement, at first closed pipeline gravity dust collector dust discharging valve 3 and close, later opened one-level ash storehouse dust discharging valve 6, the dust in one-level ash storehouse 4 falls to reactor 1 in.

(8) When the pressure of the upper ash bin of the first-level ash bin 4 is the same as or close to the pressure of the reactor, ash discharge is finished, the ash discharge valve 6 of the first-level ash bin is closed, the ash discharge valve 3 of the pipeline gravity dust collector is opened, dust temporarily stored at the lower part of the pipelinegravity dust collector 2 falls into the first-level ash bin 4, and the first-level ash bin 4 starts dust collection again and performs cyclic reciprocating operation.

(9) The pipelinegravity dust collector 2 adopts a jacket type structure, low-dust-content high-temperature flue gas or superheated steam is introduced into an outer jacket, the pipeline gravity dust collector is subjected to heat tracing, the temperature of the pipeline gravity dust collector is ensured to be more than or equal to 400 ℃, and tar is prevented from being condensed and separated out.

(10) The pipelinegravity dust collector 2 is provided with a pipeline gravity dustcollector steam inlet 24, superheated steam is periodically introduced to purge the pipelinegravity dust collector 2 according to the running condition of the system, and dust deposition and coking are prevented.

(11) After primary dust removal, the high-temperature pyrolysis gas leaves from thegas outlet 22 of the pipeline gravity dust remover, enters thesecondary dust remover 7 through the high-temperature tar-containingpyrolysis gas inlet 71, is discharged from the high-temperature tar-containingpyrolysis gas outlet 72 after dust removal, and the removed ash is discharged through the pyrolysisgas ash outlet 73.

(12) In the invention, thesecondary dust remover 7 adopts a metal filter bag dust remover, the filter material is an intermetallic compound, is compact and porous, can realize fine filtration of dust-containing gas, and has the filtration precision of 0.3 um. The dust is intercepted by the filter material and stays on the outer surface of the filter material, the clean gas after dust removal passes through the porous filter element and enters the other side of the filter material, the clean gas is discharged through the upper right gas outlet of thesecondary dust remover 7 and enters the downstream processing device, and in a specific embodiment, the dust content of the outlet of thesecondary dust remover 7 can be reduced to 1-2mg/m³。

(13) In the invention, thesecondary dust remover 7 adopts a jacketed structure, high-temperature flue gas generated by the system enters the outer jacket layer of thesecondary dust remover 7 from theflue gas inlet 75, rises in a swirling manner, is discharged from theflue gas outlet 76, and part of ash in the flue gas is settled and discharged from the fluegas ash outlet 77. The jacket type design can enable the high-temperature flue gas to finish coarse dust removal, and meanwhile, the heat of the high-temperature flue gas is utilized to enable the secondary dust remover to keep a higher temperature (higher than 400 ℃) so that tar in the pyrolysis gas is not condensed and separated out, the equipment blockage is reduced, and the overall tar recovery rate of the system is improved.

(14) In thesecondary dust remover 7, dust intercepted by the filter material is gradually accumulated on the surface of the filter material, and when the pressure difference between the inlet and the outlet of thesecondary dust remover 7 reaches a set value, pulse back blowing is started. High-pressure superheated steam provided by the system is cached in thesteam buffer tank 8, enters thesecondary dust remover 7 through thesteam inlet 74 of the secondary dust remover, and carries out online back flushing on the filter element through the high-temperature pulse valve, and the high-pressure superheated steam carries a large amount of kinetic energy to blow off the filter cake layer on the outer wall of the filter material, thereby realizing the clean regeneration of the filter material. Meanwhile, the pulse airflow accelerates the dust sedimentation, and the dust is discharged from a pyrolysisgas ash outlet 73 and enters asecondary ash bin 10 through an ash discharge valve 9 of a secondary dust remover.

(15) The second-stage ash bin 10 is provided with a second-stage ashbin level meter 11 which can measure the level height in the second-stage ash bin. In the ash content process of the second-stage ash bin 10, the ash valve 9 of the second-stage dust collector is opened, theash valve 12 of the second-stage ash bin is closed, when the dust in the second-stage ash bin 10 is accumulated continuously to reach a set high material level, the ash valve 9 of the second-stage dust collector is closed at first, then theash valve 12 of the second-stage ash bin is opened, and the dust in the first-stage ash bin falls to the reactor 1.

(16) When the pressure of the ash bin at the upper part of thesecondary ash bin 10 is the same as or close to the pressure of the reactor, ash discharge is finished, theash discharge valve 12 of the secondary ash bin is closed, the ash discharge valve 9 of the secondary dust remover is opened, and thesecondary ash bin 10 starts dust collection again to perform cyclic reciprocating operation.

(17) The dust discharged into the reactor 1 from the first-stage ash bin 4 and the second-stage ash bin 10 is discharged from an outlet below the reactor 1 together with pyrolytic carbon generated by pyrolytic raw materials in the reactor 1, and the pyrolytic carbon and carbon powder in the dust are recycled and utilized in subsequent devices.

The foregoing is a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that many persons skilled in the art can make other purification schemes based on the present invention by appropriate modification and improvement, and the modifications and improvement should be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

The invention has not been described in detail in part in the common general knowledge of a person skilled in the art.

Claims (10)

Translated fromChinese

1.一种高温含焦油热解气除尘装置，其特征在于，包含反应器、管道重力除尘器、二级除尘器、一级灰仓、二级灰仓、蒸汽缓冲罐；1. a high temperature tar-containing pyrolysis gas dedusting device, is characterized in that, comprises reactor, pipeline gravity precipitator, secondary precipitator, primary ash bin, secondary ash bin, steam buffer tank;所述的管道重力除尘器包含一个与反应器气体出口相接的气体入口，一个与二级除尘器相接的气体出口，一个与一级灰舱相连的排灰口，所述气体入口与排灰口之间，以及气体出口与排灰口之间设置倾斜流道，从反应器出口进入的气体在所述倾斜流道内由于惯性力以及碰撞再借助重力作用使尘粒下落至排灰口；所述排灰口与所述一级灰舱之间安装排灰阀；The pipeline gravity precipitator comprises a gas inlet connected with the gas outlet of the reactor, a gas outlet connected with the secondary precipitator, and an ash discharge port connected with the primary ash compartment, and the gas inlet is connected with the discharger. Between the ash ports, and between the gas outlet and the ash discharge port, an inclined flow channel is arranged, and the gas entering from the reactor outlet in the inclined flow channel causes the dust particles to fall to the ash discharge port due to inertial force and collision and then by means of gravity; An ash discharge valve is installed between the ash discharge port and the primary ash chamber;所述二级除尘器用于对从管道冲力除尘器气体出口流入的气体进行二次除尘，排尘出口通过排灰阀连接二级灰舱；The secondary dust collector is used for secondary dust removal of the gas flowing in from the gas outlet of the pipeline impulse dust collector, and the dust outlet is connected to the secondary ash cabin through an ash discharge valve;所述的一级灰舱、二级灰舱均用于暂存尘粒，其出口均通过排灰阀接入反应器；The primary and secondary ash chambers are used to temporarily store dust particles, and their outlets are connected to the reactor through the ash discharge valve;所述的蒸汽缓冲罐用于向所述管道重力除尘器、二级除尘器内通过热蒸汽，用于定期进行吹扫。The steam buffer tank is used for passing hot steam into the pipeline gravity precipitator and the secondary precipitator for regular purging.2.根据权利要求1所述的装置，其特征在于：所述管道重力除尘器的气体入口、气体出口之间形成V型流道，V型流道底部设置垂直向下的出口流道，所述V型流道与出口流道为等径圆管流道，其中气体入口前端入口管道直径小于所述等径圆管的直径。2. The device according to claim 1, wherein a V-shaped flow channel is formed between the gas inlet and the gas outlet of the pipeline gravity precipitator, and a vertical downward outlet flow channel is arranged at the bottom of the V-shaped flow channel, so The V-shaped flow channel and the outlet flow channel are equal-diameter circular pipe flow channels, wherein the diameter of the inlet pipe at the front end of the gas inlet is smaller than the diameter of the equal-diameter circular pipe.3.根据权利要求1所述的装置，其特征在于：所述的倾斜流道的上壁面设有除尘翅片，所述的除尘翅片沿流道壁面交错排列，即各翅片在轴向上的投影按一定间距有序排列，在径向上的投影不发生相互重叠。3 . The device according to claim 1 , wherein the upper wall of the inclined flow channel is provided with dust removal fins, and the dust removal fins are arranged in a staggered manner along the flow channel wall surface, that is, each fin is arranged in an axial direction. 4 . The projections are arranged in order at a certain interval, and the projections in the radial direction do not overlap each other.4.根据权利要求1所述的装置，其特征在于：所述管道重力除尘器外设置外夹套，通过高温烟气或过热蒸汽作为高温介质，对管道重力除尘器进行伴热保温。4. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that: an outer jacket is arranged outside the pipeline gravity precipitator, and the pipeline gravity precipitator is heat traced and insulated by using high-temperature flue gas or superheated steam as a high-temperature medium.5.根据权利要求1所述的装置，其特征在于：所述的二级除尘器采用外夹套式结构，结构上设置高温含焦油热解气入口、高温含焦油热解气出口、热解气灰分出口、烟气入口、烟气出口、烟气灰分出口；5. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that: the secondary precipitator adopts an outer jacket structure, and the structure is provided with a high-temperature tar-containing pyrolysis gas inlet, a high-temperature tar-containing pyrolysis gas outlet, and a pyrolysis gas outlet. Gas ash outlet, flue gas inlet, flue gas outlet, flue gas ash outlet;结构内排列布置金属滤袋管束，每个管束上方布置有脉冲阀门；待净化气体从高温含焦油热解气入口进入，经内排列的金属滤袋管束除尘后从高温含焦油热解气出口排出，脱除的灰分经热解气灰分出口排出；高温介质从烟气入口进入外夹套层，从位于其上的烟气出口排出，高温介质中的灰分沉降，从烟气灰分出口排出。Metal filter bag tube bundles are arranged in the structure, and a pulse valve is arranged above each tube bundle; the gas to be purified enters from the high-temperature tar-containing pyrolysis gas inlet, and is discharged from the high-temperature tar-containing pyrolysis gas outlet after being dedusted by the metal filter bag tube bundles arranged inside. , the removed ash is discharged through the pyrolysis gas ash outlet; the high temperature medium enters the outer jacket layer from the flue gas inlet, and is discharged from the flue gas outlet above it, and the ash in the high temperature medium settles and is discharged from the flue gas ash outlet.6.根据权利要求5所述的装置，其特征在于：通过设置在结构上的二级除尘器蒸汽入口、采用过热蒸汽通过脉冲阀进行反吹实现除尘。6. The device according to claim 5, characterized in that: dust removal is realized by backflushing with superheated steam through a pulse valve through the steam inlet of the secondary dust collector arranged on the structure.7.根据权利要求6所述的装置，其特征在于：所述过热蒸汽的蒸汽温度≥400℃，蒸汽压力4-6Mpa。7 . The device according to claim 6 , wherein the steam temperature of the superheated steam is ≥400° C., and the steam pressure is 4-6 Mpa. 8 .8.根据权利要求1所述的装置，其特征在于：所述的管道重力除尘器、二级除尘器上均设有温控系统，在工作过程中控制除尘器温度≥400℃。8. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that: a temperature control system is provided on the pipeline gravity precipitator and the secondary precipitator, and the temperature of the precipitator is controlled to be greater than or equal to 400°C during operation.9.一种高温含焦油热解气除尘方法，其特征在于包括如下步骤：9. A high temperature tar-containing pyrolysis gas dedusting method is characterized in that comprising the steps:对权利要求1所述的系统进行预热；preheating the system of claim 1;控制管道重力除尘器、二级除尘器的温度保持在预设温度；Control the temperature of the pipeline gravity precipitator and the secondary precipitator to maintain the preset temperature;对权利要求1所述的系统进行惰性气体置换，使热解气处于惰性环境中；Inert gas replacement is carried out to the system of claim 1, so that the pyrolysis gas is in an inert environment;置换完成后控制所述系统开始工作；After the replacement is completed, the system is controlled to start working;监测一级灰舱、二级灰舱内的料位高度，当灰舱内的料位达到设定的高料位时，关闭除尘器出口的排灰阀，控制对应灰舱内的灰料进入反应器，排灰结束后，打开上述除尘器出口的排灰阀，继续收集，循环往复，直至处理结束。Monitor the material level in the primary and secondary ash tanks. When the material level in the ash tank reaches the set high level, close the ash discharge valve at the outlet of the dust collector to control the entry of ash in the corresponding ash tank. In the reactor, after the ash discharge is completed, open the ash discharge valve at the outlet of the dust remover, continue to collect, and cycle back and forth until the end of the treatment.10.根据权利要求9所述的方法，其特征在于：所述的预热温度、预设温度均≥400℃。10 . The method according to claim 9 , wherein the preheating temperature and the preset temperature are both ≥400° C. 11 .

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