CN114233415B - Heat pump electricity storage system and method using air working medium - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of energy storage, and provides a heat pump electricity storage system using an air working medium and a heat pump electricity storage system using the air working medium by using the heat pump electricity storage system, wherein the system comprises a heat pump refrigerating and heating loop; a cold and heat energy heat engine power generation loop; further comprising: a first air bleeding structure adapted to reduce air pressure in the heating circuit; a first air supplement structure adapted to increase air pressure in the refrigeration circuit; when the heat pump refrigerating and heating loop is used for converting redundant electric energy into heat energy and cold energy, air is used as a flowing working medium for heat exchange. The system adopts air as a flowing working medium for heat exchange, and has lower cost compared with the system adopting argon, helium and the like as the flowing working medium. Because the flowing working medium is air, the quality and the pressure of the gas in the system can be directly adjusted through the first air release structure and the first air supplement structure which are communicated with the external environment, and the requirement of the whole system on the tightness is reduced while a buffer tank is cancelled, so that the technical feasibility is improved, and the research and development difficulty is reduced.

Description

Translated fromChinese

一种使用空气工质的热泵储电系统及方法A heat pump power storage system and method using air working medium

技术领域technical field

本发明涉及储能技术领域，具体涉及一种使用空气工质的热泵储电系统及方法。The invention relates to the technical field of energy storage, in particular to a heat pump power storage system and method using air working medium.

背景技术Background technique

目前采用填充床作为蓄冷蓄热器的布雷顿循环的热泵储电系统中采用氩气、氦气等作为流动工质，为了防止气体工质的泄露，整个系统采用封闭式设计的回路结构。在储释电过程中，气体工质的温度变化将导致气体密度发生较大变化。因此，在固体体积的大容量填充床中，存储的气体质量在储释过程中将发生周期性变化。为了维持闭式系统中工质质量及压力平衡，通常需要在系统中设置一个缓冲罐，当该闭式系统中的气压较大时可以将多余的气体排放至缓冲罐中，当该闭式系统中的气压较小时可以将缓冲罐中的气体泵入系统内。At present, argon, helium, etc. are used as the working fluid in the heat pump power storage system of the Brayton cycle that uses the packed bed as the cold storage heat accumulator. In order to prevent the leakage of the gas working fluid, the whole system adopts a closed loop structure. During the storage and discharge process, the temperature change of the gas working medium will cause a large change in the gas density. Therefore, in a large-capacity packed bed with solid volume, the mass of stored gas will change periodically during storage and release. In order to maintain the quality and pressure balance of the working medium in the closed system, it is usually necessary to set up a buffer tank in the system. When the air pressure in the closed system is high, the excess gas can be discharged into the buffer tank. When the closed system When the air pressure in the tank is small, the gas in the buffer tank can be pumped into the system.

但是，这样的热泵储电系统对密闭性具有严苛的要求，而且，采用氩气、氦气等作为流动工质的成本较高。However, such a heat pump power storage system has strict requirements on airtightness, and the cost of using argon, helium, etc. as the working fluid is relatively high.

发明内容Contents of the invention

因此，本发明要解决的技术问题在于现有技术中的热泵储电系统对密闭性具有严苛的要求，而且，采用氩气、氦气等作为流动工质的成本较高，从而提供一种使用空气工质的热泵储电系统及方法。Therefore, the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is that the heat pump power storage system in the prior art has strict requirements on airtightness, and the cost of using argon, helium, etc. Heat pump power storage system and method using air working medium.

为解决上述技术问题，本发明的技术方案如下：In order to solve the problems of the technologies described above, the technical solution of the present invention is as follows:

一种使用空气工质的热泵储电系统，包括，热泵制冷制热回路，适于在用电低谷时将多余的电能转化为热能与冷能；冷热能热机发电回路，适于在用电高峰时将所述热能与冷能转化为电能；还包括：第一放气结构，适于在所述热泵制冷制热回路进行制热时，将制热回路中的多余空气排至外界环境中，以减小所述制热回路中的气压；第一补气结构，适于在所述热泵制冷制热回路进行制冷时，将外界环境中的空气送入制冷回路中，以增大所述制冷回路中的气压；其中，利用所述热泵制冷制热回路将多余的电能转化为热能与冷能时，采用空气作为流动工质进行换热。A heat pump power storage system using air working medium, including a heat pump cooling and heating circuit, suitable for converting excess electric energy into heat and cold energy when electricity consumption is low; Converting the heat energy and cold energy into electric energy during peak hours; also includes: a first air release structure, adapted to discharge excess air in the heating circuit to the external environment when the heat pump cooling and heating circuit is heating , to reduce the air pressure in the heating circuit; the first air supply structure is suitable for sending air in the external environment into the refrigeration circuit when the heat pump cooling and heating circuit is cooling, so as to increase the The air pressure in the refrigeration circuit; wherein, when the heat pump refrigeration and heating circuit is used to convert excess electric energy into heat energy and cold energy, air is used as the flowing working medium for heat exchange.

进一步地，所述热泵制冷制热回路包括驱动单元、多级储能压缩机、高温填充床、三通阀门A、多级储能膨胀机、低温填充床以及三通阀门C；其中，所述驱动单元与所述多级储能压缩机相连以及所述多级储能膨胀机均相连，所述多级储能压缩机的出气口与所述高温填充床的进气口相连，所述高温填充床的第一出气口与所述多级储能膨胀机的进气口相连，所述多级储能膨胀机的出气口与所述低温填充床的第一进气口相连，所述低温填充床的第一出气口与所述多级储能压缩机的进气口相连；其中，所述三通阀门A适于连通所述多级储能膨胀机的进气口、所述高温填充床的第一出气口以及所述冷热能热机发电回路；其中，所述三通阀门C适于连通所述多级储能压缩机的进气口、所述低温填充床的第一出气口以及所述冷热能热机发电回路；其中，所述第一放气结构设置在所述三通阀门A与所述多级储能膨胀机之间的管路上；所述第一补气结构设置在所述三通阀门C与所述多级储能压缩机之间的管路上。Further, the heat pump refrigeration and heating circuit includes a drive unit, a multi-stage energy storage compressor, a high-temperature packed bed, a three-way valve A, a multi-stage energy storage expander, a low-temperature packed bed, and a three-way valve C; wherein, the The drive unit is connected to the multi-stage energy storage compressor and the multi-stage energy storage expander, the gas outlet of the multi-stage energy storage compressor is connected to the air inlet of the high-temperature packed bed, and the high-temperature The first gas outlet of the packed bed is connected to the inlet of the multi-stage energy storage expander, the gas outlet of the multi-stage energy storage expander is connected to the first inlet of the low-temperature packed bed, and the low-temperature The first gas outlet of the packed bed is connected to the inlet of the multi-stage energy storage compressor; wherein, the three-way valve A is suitable for communicating with the inlet of the multi-stage energy storage expander, the high-temperature filling The first gas outlet of the bed and the power generation circuit of the cold-heat energy heat engine; wherein, the three-way valve C is suitable for communicating with the inlet of the multi-stage energy storage compressor and the first gas outlet of the low-temperature packed bed And the cold and heat energy heat engine power generation circuit; wherein, the first deflation structure is set on the pipeline between the three-way valve A and the multi-stage energy storage expander; the first air supply structure is set On the pipeline between the three-way valve C and the multi-stage energy storage compressor.

进一步地，所述第一放气结构包括三通阀门B与流量控制阀门A；其中，所述三通阀门B适于连通所述多级储能膨胀机的进气口、所述三通阀门A以及所述流量控制阀门A的一端，所述流量控制阀门A的另一端与外界环境相通；所述第一补气结构包括三通阀门D、流量控制阀门B以及第一泵体；其中，所述三通阀门D适于连通所述多级储能压缩机的进气口、所述三通阀门C以及所述流量控制阀门B的一端，所述流量控制阀门B的另一端通过所述第一泵体与外界环境相连通。Further, the first deflation structure includes a three-way valve B and a flow control valve A; wherein, the three-way valve B is suitable for communicating with the intake port of the multi-stage energy storage expander, the three-way valve A and one end of the flow control valve A, the other end of the flow control valve A communicates with the external environment; the first air supply structure includes a three-way valve D, a flow control valve B and a first pump body; wherein, The three-way valve D is suitable for communicating with the air inlet of the multi-stage energy storage compressor, the three-way valve C and one end of the flow control valve B, and the other end of the flow control valve B passes through the The first pump body communicates with the external environment.

进一步地，所述三通阀门A与所述高温填充床之间设置有第一余热排散换热器，适于将从所述高温填充床的第一出气口流出的空气调节至室温。Further, a first waste heat dissipation heat exchanger is arranged between the three-way valve A and the high-temperature packed bed, which is suitable for adjusting the air flowing out from the first air outlet of the high-temperature packed bed to room temperature.

进一步地，使用空气工质的热泵储电系统还包括释能回路除湿装置，所述释能回路除湿装置的出气口与所述第二泵体的进气口相连，适于对进入所述第二泵体的空气进行除湿。Further, the heat pump power storage system using air working fluid also includes an energy release circuit dehumidification device, the air outlet of the energy release circuit dehumidification device is connected to the air inlet of the second pump body, and is suitable for The air in the second pump body is dehumidified.

进一步地，所述冷热能热机发电回路包括发电单元、多级释能压缩机、多级释能膨胀机；其中，所述发电单元与所述多级释能膨胀机相连以及所述多级释能压缩机均相连，所述多级释能膨胀机的进气口与所述高温填充床的第二出气口相连，所述低温填充床的第二出气口与所述多级释能压缩机的进气口相连；其中，所述三通阀门A适于连通所述多级储能膨胀机的进气口、所述高温填充床的第一出气口以及所述多级释能压缩机的出气口；其中，所述三通阀门C适于连通所述多级储能压缩机的进气口、所述低温填充床的第一出气口以及所述多级释能膨胀机的出气口；其中，利用冷热能热机发电回路将热能与冷能转化为电能时，采用空气作为流动工质进行换热。Further, the cold-heat energy heat engine power generation circuit includes a power generation unit, a multi-stage energy-releasing compressor, and a multi-stage energy-releasing expander; wherein, the power generating unit is connected to the multi-stage energy-releasing expander and the multi-stage energy-releasing expander The energy release compressors are all connected, the inlet of the multistage energy release expander is connected with the second gas outlet of the high temperature packed bed, the second gas outlet of the low temperature packed bed is connected with the multistage energy release compressor The air inlet of the machine is connected; wherein, the three-way valve A is suitable for connecting the air inlet of the multi-stage energy storage expander, the first gas outlet of the high-temperature packed bed, and the multi-stage energy-releasing compressor The gas outlet; wherein, the three-way valve C is suitable for communicating with the inlet of the multi-stage energy storage compressor, the first gas outlet of the low-temperature packed bed, and the gas outlet of the multi-stage energy-releasing expander ; Wherein, when the thermal energy and the cold energy are converted into electric energy by using the cold and heat energy heat engine power generation circuit, air is used as the flowing working medium for heat exchange.

进一步地，该使用空气工质的热泵储电系统还包括第二放气结构与第二补气结构；其中，所述第二放气结构设置在所述三通阀门C与所述多级释能膨胀机之间的管路上；所述第二补气结构设置在所述三通阀门A与所述多级释能压缩机之间的管路上。Further, the heat pump power storage system using air working fluid also includes a second deflation structure and a second air supply structure; wherein, the second deflation structure is arranged between the three-way valve C and the multi-stage release structure. On the pipeline between the energy expanders; the second gas supply structure is arranged on the pipeline between the three-way valve A and the multi-stage energy releasing compressor.

进一步地，所述第二放气结构包括三通阀门F与流量控制阀门C；其中，所述三通阀门F适于连通所述多级释能膨胀机的出气口、所述三通阀门C以及所述流量控制阀门C的一端，所述流量控制阀门C的另一端与外界环境相通；所述第二补气结构包括三通阀门E与第二泵体；其中，所述三通阀门E适于连通所述多级释能压缩机的出气口、所述三通阀门A以及所述第二泵体。Further, the second deflation structure includes a three-way valve F and a flow control valve C; wherein, the three-way valve F is suitable for communicating with the gas outlet of the multi-stage energy release expander, the three-way valve C And one end of the flow control valve C, the other end of the flow control valve C communicates with the external environment; the second air supply structure includes a three-way valve E and a second pump body; wherein, the three-way valve E It is suitable for communicating with the gas outlet of the multi-stage energy release compressor, the three-way valve A and the second pump body.

进一步地，所述三通阀门F与所述三通阀门C之间设置有第二余热排散换热器，适于将从所述多级释能膨胀机的出气口流出的空气调节至室温。Further, a second waste heat dissipation heat exchanger is arranged between the three-way valve F and the three-way valve C, which is suitable for adjusting the air flowing out from the air outlet of the multi-stage energy-releasing expander to room temperature.

进一步地，所述第二泵体与所述三通阀门E之间设置有释能回路除湿装置。Further, an energy release loop dehumidification device is arranged between the second pump body and the three-way valve E.

进一步地，所述低温填充床预热回路包括循环风机与电加热器；所述循环风机的进气口与所述低温填充床的第三出气口相连，所述循环风机的出气口与所述电加热器的进气口相连，所述电加热器的出气口与所述低温填充床的第二进气口相连。Further, the low-temperature packed bed preheating circuit includes a circulation fan and an electric heater; the air inlet of the circulation fan is connected to the third air outlet of the low-temperature packed bed, and the air outlet of the circulation fan is connected to the The gas inlet of the electric heater is connected, and the gas outlet of the electric heater is connected with the second gas inlet of the low-temperature packed bed.

本发明还提供一种使用空气工质的热泵储电方法，至少包括如下步骤：利用热泵制冷制热回路将多余的电能转化为热能与冷能；利用冷热能热机发电回路将所述热能与冷能转化为电能；利用热泵制冷制热回路将多余的电能转化为热能与冷能时，采用空气作为流动工质进行换热；其中，在所述热泵制冷制热回路进行制热时，通过第一放气结构将制热回路中的多余空气排至外界环境中，以减小所述制热回路中的气压；在所述热泵制冷制热回路进行制冷时，通过第一补气结构将外界环境中的空气送入制冷回路中，以增大所述制冷回路中的气压。The present invention also provides a heat pump electricity storage method using air working fluid, which at least includes the following steps: using the heat pump cooling and heating circuit to convert excess electric energy into heat energy and cold energy; using the cold and heat energy heat generator circuit to convert the heat energy and The cold energy is converted into electric energy; when the excess electric energy is converted into heat energy and cold energy by using the heat pump refrigeration and heating circuit, air is used as the flowing working medium for heat exchange; wherein, when the heat pump refrigeration and heating circuit is heating, through The first deflation structure discharges excess air in the heating circuit to the external environment to reduce the air pressure in the heating circuit; when the heat pump cooling and heating circuit is cooling, the first air supply structure will Air from the outside environment is fed into the refrigeration circuit to increase the air pressure in said refrigeration circuit.

进一步地，采用第一补气结构将外界环境中的空气送入制冷回路之前，采用储能回路除湿装置对空气进行除湿处理。Furthermore, before the air in the external environment is sent into the refrigeration circuit by using the first air supply structure, the air is dehumidified by the dehumidification device of the energy storage circuit.

进一步地，利用冷热能热机发电回路将所述热能与冷能转化为电能时，采用空气作为流动工质进行换热；其中，在所述冷热能热机发电回路进行释热时，通过第二补气结构将将外界环境中的空气送入释热回路中，以增大所述释热回路中的气压；在所述冷热能热机发电回路进行释冷时，通过第二放气结构将释冷回路中的多余空气排至外界环境中，以减小所述释冷回路中的气压。Further, when the thermal energy and cold energy are converted into electrical energy by using the cold-heat energy heat engine power generation circuit, air is used as the flowing working medium for heat exchange; wherein, when the cold-heat energy heat engine power generation circuit releases heat, through the first The second air supply structure will send the air in the external environment into the heat release circuit to increase the air pressure in the heat release circuit; when the cold heat energy heat engine power generation circuit is released, the second air release structure Exhausting the excess air in the cooling circuit to the external environment to reduce the air pressure in the cooling circuit.

进一步地，采用第二补气结构将外界环境中的空气送入释热回路之前，采用释能回路除湿装置对空气进行除湿处理。Furthermore, before the air in the external environment is sent into the heat release circuit by using the second air supply structure, the air is dehumidified by the energy release circuit dehumidifier.

进一步地，在热泵储电系统投入运行之前，采用低温填充床预热回路将所述热泵制冷制热回路中的储冷工质加热至预热温度。Further, before the heat pump power storage system is put into operation, a low-temperature packed bed preheating circuit is used to heat the cold storage working medium in the heat pump refrigeration and heating circuit to the preheating temperature.

本发明技术方案，具有如下优点：The technical solution of the present invention has the following advantages:

本发明提供的使用空气工质的热泵储电系统，采用空气作为换热的流动工质，相对于采用氩气、氦气等作为流动工质的成本更低。而且，由于流动工质为空气，可以通过与外界环境连通的第一放气结构与第一补气结构直接对系统内的气体质量及压强进行调节，取消缓冲罐的同时，使得系统整体对密闭性的要求降低，提高了技术的可行性，降低了研发难度。The heat pump electricity storage system using air working medium provided by the present invention adopts air as the flowing working medium for heat exchange, and the cost is lower than using argon, helium, etc. as the flowing working medium. Moreover, since the working medium is air, the gas quality and pressure in the system can be directly adjusted through the first deflation structure and the first gas supply structure connected to the external environment, and the buffer tank is eliminated, making the system as a whole airtight The requirement of performance is reduced, the feasibility of technology is improved, and the difficulty of research and development is reduced.

附图说明Description of drawings

为了更清楚地说明本发明具体实施方式或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对具体实施方式或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图是本发明的一些实施方式，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。In order to more clearly illustrate the specific implementation of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the accompanying drawings that need to be used in the specific implementation or description of the prior art. Obviously, the accompanying drawings in the following description The drawings show some implementations of the present invention, and those skilled in the art can obtain other drawings based on these drawings without any creative work.

图1为本发明实施例中冷热电联产的回热式热泵储电系统的结构示意图。FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a regenerative heat pump power storage system for cogeneration of cooling, heating and power in an embodiment of the present invention.

附图标记说明：Explanation of reference signs:

1、驱动单元； 2、第一级储能压缩机；1. Drive unit; 2. First stage energy storage compressor;

3、第二级储能压缩机； 4、高温填充床；3. Second stage energy storage compressor; 4. High temperature packed bed;

5、第一余热排散换热器； 6、三通阀门A；5. The first waste heat dissipation heat exchanger; 6. Three-way valve A;

7、三通阀门B； 8、流量控制阀门A；7. Three-way valve B; 8. Flow control valve A;

9、第一级储能膨胀机； 10、第二级储能膨胀机；9. The first stage energy storage expander; 10. The second stage energy storage expander;

11、低温填充床； 12、三通阀门C；11. Low temperature packed bed; 12. Three-way valve C;

13、三通阀门D； 14、流量控制阀门B；13. Three-way valve D; 14. Flow control valve B;

15、储能回路除湿装置； 16、第一级释能压缩机；15. Energy storage circuit dehumidification device; 16. First-stage energy release compressor;

17、第二级释能压缩机； 18、三通阀门E；17. Second-stage energy-releasing compressor; 18. Three-way valve E;

19、第二泵体； 20、释能回路除湿装置；19. The second pump body; 20. Dehumidification device for energy release circuit;

21、第一级释能膨胀机； 22、第二级释能膨胀机；21. First stage energy release expander; 22. Second stage energy release expander;

23、发电单元； 24、三通阀门F；23. Power generation unit; 24. Three-way valve F;

25、流量控制阀门C； 26、第二余热排散换热器；25. Flow control valve C; 26. The second waste heat dissipation heat exchanger;

27、循环风机； 28、电加热器；27. Circulation fan; 28. Electric heater;

101、管路A； 102、管路B；101. Pipeline A; 102. Pipeline B;

103、管路C； 104、管路D；103. Pipeline C; 104. Pipeline D;

105、管路E； 106、管路F；105. Pipeline E; 106. Pipeline F;

107、管路G； 108、管路H；107. Pipeline G; 108. Pipeline H;

109、管路I； 110、管路J；109. Pipeline I; 110. Pipeline J;

111、管路K； 112、管路L；111. Pipeline K; 112. Pipeline L;

113、管路M； 114、管路N；113. Pipeline M; 114. Pipeline N;

115、管路O； 116、管路P；115, pipeline O; 116, pipeline P;

117、管路Q； 118、管路R；117. Pipeline Q; 118. Pipeline R;

119、管路S； 120、管路T；119. Pipeline S; 120. Pipeline T;

121、管路U； 122、管路V；121, pipeline U; 122, pipeline V;

123、管路W。123. Pipeline W.

具体实施方式Detailed ways

下面将结合附图对本发明的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Apparently, the described embodiments are some of the embodiments of the present invention, but not all of them. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by persons of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

在本发明的描述中，需要说明的是，术语“中心”、“上”、“下”、“左”、“右”、“竖直”、“水平”、“内”、“外”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本发明和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本发明的限制。此外，术语“第一”、“第二”、“第三”仅用于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性。In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer" etc. The indicated orientation or positional relationship is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and is only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, or in a specific orientation. construction and operation, therefore, should not be construed as limiting the invention. In addition, the terms "first", "second", and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only, and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

在本发明的描述中，需要说明的是，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或一体地连接；可以是机械连接，也可以是电连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以具体情况理解上述术语在本发明中的具体含义。In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that unless otherwise specified and limited, the terms "installation", "connection" and "connection" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection or a detachable connection. Connected, or integrally connected; it can be mechanically connected or electrically connected; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediary, and it can be the internal communication of two components. Those of ordinary skill in the art can understand the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention in specific situations.

此外，下面所描述的本发明不同实施方式中所涉及的技术特征只要彼此之间未构成冲突就可以相互结合。In addition, the technical features involved in the different embodiments of the present invention described below may be combined with each other as long as there is no conflict with each other.

图1为本发明实施例中冷热电联产的回热式热泵储电系统的结构示意图，如图1所示，本实施例提供一种使用空气工质的热泵储电系统，包括，热泵制冷制热回路，适于在用电低谷时将多余的电能转化为热能与冷能；冷热能热机发电回路，适于在用电高峰时将热能与冷能转化为电能；还包括：第一放气结构，适于在热泵制冷制热回路进行制热时，将制热回路中的多余空气排至外界环境中，以减小制热回路中的气压；第一补气结构，适于在热泵制冷制热回路进行制冷时，将外界环境中的空气送入制冷回路中，以增大制冷回路中的气压；其中，利用热泵制冷制热回路将多余的电能转化为热能与冷能时，采用空气作为流动工质进行换热。Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a regenerative heat pump power storage system for combined cooling, heating and power generation in an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in Fig. 1, this embodiment provides a heat pump power storage system using air working fluid, including a heat pump The cooling and heating circuit is suitable for converting excess electric energy into heat and cold energy during low power consumption; the cold and heat energy heat engine power generation circuit is suitable for converting heat and cold energy into electric energy during peak power consumption; it also includes: The first deflation structure is suitable for discharging excess air in the heating circuit to the external environment when the heat pump cooling and heating circuit is heating, so as to reduce the air pressure in the heating circuit; the first air supply structure is suitable for When the heat pump refrigeration and heating circuit is cooling, the air in the external environment is sent into the refrigeration circuit to increase the air pressure in the refrigeration circuit; among them, when the heat pump refrigeration and heating circuit is used to convert excess electric energy into heat energy and cold energy , using air as the working medium for heat exchange.

本实施例提供的使用空气工质的热泵储电系统，采用空气作为换热的流动工质，相对于采用氩气、氦气等作为流动工质的成本更低。而且，由于流动工质为空气，可以通过与外界环境连通的第一放气结构与第一补气结构直接对系统内的气体质量及压强进行调节，取消缓冲罐的同时，使得系统整体对密闭性的要求降低，提高了技术的可行性，降低了研发难度。The heat pump power storage system using air working medium provided in this embodiment uses air as the flowing working medium for heat exchange, and the cost is lower than using argon, helium, etc. as the flowing working medium. Moreover, since the working medium is air, the gas quality and pressure in the system can be directly adjusted through the first deflation structure and the first gas supply structure connected to the external environment, and the buffer tank is eliminated, making the system as a whole airtight The requirement of performance is reduced, the feasibility of technology is improved, and the difficulty of research and development is reduced.

其中，热泵制冷制热回路包括驱动单元1、多级储能压缩机、高温填充床4、三通阀门A、多级储能膨胀机、低温填充床11以及三通阀门C；其中，驱动单元1与多级储能压缩机相连以及多级储能膨胀机均相连，多级储能压缩机的出气口与高温填充床4的进气口相连，高温填充床4的第一出气口与多级储能膨胀机的进气口相连，多级储能膨胀机的出气口与低温填充床11的第一进气口相连，低温填充床11的第一出气口与多级储能压缩机的进气口相连；其中，三通阀门A适于连通多级储能膨胀机的进气口、高温填充床4的第一出气口以及冷热能热机发电回路；其中，三通阀门C适于连通多级储能压缩机的进气口、低温填充床11的第一出气口以及冷热能热机发电回路；其中，第一放气结构设置在三通阀门A与多级储能膨胀机之间的管路上；第一补气结构设置在三通阀门C与多级储能压缩机之间的管路上。Among them, the heat pump cooling and heating circuit includes adrive unit 1, a multi-stage energy storage compressor, a high-temperature packed bed 4, a three-way valve A, a multi-stage energy storage expander, a low-temperature packed bed 11, and a three-way valve C; wherein, thedrive unit 1 is connected to the multi-stage energy storage compressor and the multi-stage energy storage expander, the outlet of the multi-stage energy storage compressor is connected to the inlet of the high-temperature packed bed 4, and the first outlet of the high-temperature packed bed 4 is connected to the The air inlet of the multi-stage energy storage expander is connected, the gas outlet of the multi-stage energy storage expander is connected with the first air inlet of the low-temperature packed bed 11, and the first gas outlet of the low-temperature packed bed 11 is connected with the multi-stage energy storage compressor. The air inlets are connected; wherein, the three-way valve A is suitable for connecting the air inlet of the multi-stage energy storage expander, the first gas outlet of the high-temperature packed bed 4, and the power generation circuit of the cold and heat energy heat engine; wherein, the three-way valve C is suitable for Connect the air inlet of the multi-stage energy storage compressor, the first air outlet of the low-temperature packed bed 11, and the power generation circuit of the cold and heat energy heat engine; wherein, the first deflation structure is arranged between the three-way valve A and the multi-stage energy storage expander on the pipeline between them; the first air supply structure is set on the pipeline between the three-way valve C and the multi-stage energy storage compressor.

其中，第一放气结构包括三通阀门B与流量控制阀门A8；其中，三通阀门B适于连通多级储能膨胀机的进气口、三通阀门A以及流量控制阀门A8的一端，流量控制阀门A8的另一端与外界环境相通；第一补气结构包括三通阀门D、流量控制阀门B14以及第一泵体；其中，三通阀门D适于连通多级储能压缩机的进气口、三通阀门C以及流量控制阀门B14的一端，流量控制阀门B14的另一端通过第一泵体与外界环境相连通。Wherein, the first deflation structure includes a three-way valve B and a flow control valve A8; wherein, the three-way valve B is suitable for connecting the air inlet of the multi-stage energy storage expander, the three-way valve A and one end of the flow control valve A8, The other end of the flow control valve A8 communicates with the external environment; the first gas supply structure includes a three-way valve D, a flow control valve B14 and a first pump body; wherein, the three-way valve D is suitable for connecting to the inlet of the multi-stage energy storage compressor. The air port, the three-way valve C and one end of the flow control valve B14, and the other end of the flow control valve B14 communicate with the external environment through the first pump body.

其中，三通阀门A与高温填充床4之间设置有第一余热排散换热器5，适于将从高温填充床4的第一出气口流出的空气调节至室温。Wherein, a first waste heat dissipation heat exchanger 5 is arranged between the three-way valve A and the high-temperature packed bed 4, which is suitable for adjusting the air flowing out from the first air outlet of the high-temperature packed bed 4 to room temperature.

其中，可以设置储能回路除湿装置15，该储能回路除湿装置15的进气口与大气连通，储能回路除湿装置15的出气口与第一泵体的进气口相连，在外界的空气进入第一泵体之前进行除湿处理。其中，冷热能热机发电回路包括发电单元23、多级释能压缩机、多级释能膨胀机；其中，发电单元23与多级释能膨胀机相连以及多级释能压缩机均相连，多级释能膨胀机的进气口与高温填充床4的第二出气口相连，低温填充床11的第二出气口与多级释能压缩机的进气口相连；其中，三通阀门A适于连通多级储能膨胀机的进气口、高温填充床4的第一出气口以及多级释能压缩机的出气口；其中，三通阀门C适于连通多级储能压缩机的进气口、低温填充床11的第一出气口以及多级释能膨胀机的出气口；其中，利用冷热能热机发电回路将热能与冷能转化为电能时，采用空气作为流动工质进行换热。Wherein, an energy storagecircuit dehumidification device 15 can be provided, the air inlet of the energy storagecircuit dehumidification device 15 communicates with the atmosphere, and the air outlet of the energy storagecircuit dehumidification device 15 is connected with the air inlet of the first pump body. Dehumidification treatment is carried out before entering the first pump body. Wherein, the cold and heat energy heat engine power generation circuit includes apower generation unit 23, a multi-stage energy-releasing compressor, and a multi-stage energy-releasing expander; wherein, the generatingunit 23 is connected to the multi-stage energy-releasing expander and the multi-stage energy-releasing compressor is connected, The inlet of the multistage energy release expander is connected to the second gas outlet of the high temperature packed bed 4, and the second gas outlet of the low temperature packed bed 11 is connected to the inlet of the multistage energy release compressor; wherein, the three-way valve A It is suitable for connecting the air inlet of the multi-stage energy storage expander, the first gas outlet of the high-temperature packed bed 4, and the gas outlet of the multi-stage energy release compressor; wherein, the three-way valve C is suitable for connecting with the multi-stage energy storage compressor. The air inlet, the first gas outlet of the low-temperature packed bed 11, and the gas outlet of the multi-stage energy-releasing expander; among them, when the thermal energy and cold energy are converted into electric energy by using the cold-heat energy heat engine power generation circuit, air is used as the flowing working medium heat exchange.

其中，该使用空气工质的热泵储电系统还包括第二放气结构与第二补气结构；其中，第二放气结构设置在三通阀门C与多级释能膨胀机之间的管路上；第二补气结构设置在三通阀门A与多级释能压缩机之间的管路上。Wherein, the heat pump power storage system using air working medium also includes a second deflation structure and a second air supply structure; wherein, the second deflation structure is arranged in the tube between the three-way valve C and the multi-stage energy release expander. on the road; the second gas supply structure is arranged on the pipeline between the three-way valve A and the multi-stage energy-releasing compressor.

其中，第二放气结构包括三通阀门F与流量控制阀门C25；其中，三通阀门F适于连通多级释能膨胀机的出气口、三通阀门C以及流量控制阀门C25的一端，流量控制阀门C25的另一端与外界环境相通；第二补气结构包括三通阀门E与第二泵体19；其中，三通阀门E适于连通多级释能压缩机的出气口、三通阀门A以及第二泵体19。Wherein, the second deflation structure includes a three-way valve F and a flow control valve C25; wherein, the three-way valve F is suitable for connecting the gas outlet of the multi-stage energy release expander, the three-way valve C and one end of the flow control valve C25, and the flow rate The other end of the control valve C25 communicates with the external environment; the second gas supply structure includes a three-way valve E and asecond pump body 19; wherein, the three-way valve E is suitable for connecting the air outlet of the multi-stage energy release compressor, the three-way valve A and thesecond pump body 19.

其中，三通阀门F与三通阀门C之间设置有第二余热排散换热器26，适于将从多级释能膨胀机的出气口流出的空气调节至室温。Wherein, a second waste heatdissipation heat exchanger 26 is arranged between the three-way valve F and the three-way valve C, which is suitable for adjusting the air flowing out from the air outlet of the multi-stage energy-releasing expander to room temperature.

其中，可以设置释能回路除湿装置20，该释能回路除湿装置20的进气口与大气连通，释能回路除湿装置20的出气口与第二泵体的进气口相连，适于对进入第二泵体的空气进行除湿。其中，低温填充床11预热回路包括循环风机27与电加热器28；循环风机27的进气口与低温填充床11的第三出气口相连，循环风机27的出气口与电加热器28的进气口相连，电加热器28的出气口与低温填充床11的第二进气口相连。Wherein, an energy releasecircuit dehumidification device 20 can be provided, the air inlet of the energy releasecircuit dehumidification device 20 communicates with the atmosphere, and the air outlet of the energy releasecircuit dehumidification device 20 is connected with the air inlet of the second pump body, which is suitable for The air in the second pump body is dehumidified. Wherein, the low-temperature packed bed 11 preheating circuit comprises the circulation fan 27 and theelectric heater 28; The gas inlets are connected, and the gas outlet of theelectric heater 28 is connected with the second gas inlet of the low-temperature packed bed 11 .

其中，上述实施例中用于连接各部分的管路，如图1所示，管路A101适于连通三通阀门D与第一级储能压缩机2，管路B102适于连通第一级储能压缩机2与第二级储能压缩机3，管路C103适于连通第二级储能压缩机3与高温填充床4，管路D104适于连通高温填充床4与第一余热排散换热器5，管路E105适于连通第一余热排散换热器5与三通阀门A，管路F106适于连通三通阀门A与三通阀门B，管路G107适于连通三通阀门B与第一级储能膨胀机9，管路H108适于连通第一级储能膨胀机9与第二级储能膨胀机10，管路I109适于连通第二级储能膨胀机10与低温填充床11，管路J110适于连通低温填充床11与三通阀门C，管路K111适于连通三通阀门C与三通阀门D，管路L112适于连通三通阀门C与第二余热排散换热器26，管路M113适于连通低温填充床11与第一级释能压缩机16，管路N114适于连通第一级释能压缩机16与第二级释能压缩机17，管路O115适于连通第二级释能压缩机17与三通阀门E，管路P116适于连通三通阀门E与三通阀门A，管路Q117适于连通高温填充床4与第一级释能膨胀机21，管路R118适于连通第一级释能膨胀机21与第二级释能膨胀机22，管路S119适于连通第二级释能膨胀机22与三通阀门F，管路T120适于连通三通阀门F与第二余热排散换热器26，管路U121适于连通低温填充床11与循环风机27，管路V122适于连通循环风机27与电加热器28，管路W123适于连通电加热器28与低温填充床11。Among them, the pipelines used to connect the various parts in the above embodiments, as shown in Figure 1, the pipeline A101 is suitable for communicating with the three-way valve D and the first-stage energy storage compressor 2, and the pipeline B102 is suitable for communicating with the first-stage The energy storage compressor 2 and the second-stage energy storage compressor 3, the pipeline C103 is suitable for connecting the second-stage energy storage compressor 3 and the high-temperature packed bed 4, and the pipeline D104 is suitable for connecting the high-temperature packed bed 4 and the first waste heat The exhaust heat exchanger 5, the pipeline E105 is suitable for connecting the first waste heat dissipation heat exchanger 5 and the three-way valve A, the pipeline F106 is suitable for connecting the three-way valve A and the three-way valve B, and the pipeline G107 is suitable for The three-way valve B is connected to the first-stage energy storage expander 9, the pipeline H108 is suitable for connecting the first-stage energy storage expander 9 and the second-stage energy storage expander 10, and the pipeline I109 is suitable for connecting the second-stage energy storage The expander 10 and the low-temperature packed bed 11, the pipeline J110 is suitable for connecting the low-temperature packed bed 11 and the three-way valve C, the pipeline K111 is suitable for connecting the three-way valve C and the three-way valve D, and the pipeline L112 is suitable for connecting the three-way valve C and the second waste heat dissipation heat exchanger 26, the pipeline M113 is suitable for communicating with the low-temperature packed bed 11 and the first-stage energy-releasing compressor 16, and the pipeline N114 is suitable for communicating with the first-stage energy-releasing compressor 16 and the second-stage energy-releasing compressor 16. Stageenergy release compressor 17, pipeline O115 is suitable for connecting the second stageenergy release compressor 17 and three-way valve E, pipeline P116 is suitable for connecting three-way valve E and three-way valve A, and pipeline Q117 is suitable for connecting high temperature The packed bed 4 and the first-stage energy-releasingexpander 21, the pipeline R118 is suitable for connecting the first-stage energy-releasingexpander 21 and the second-stage energy-releasingexpander 22, and the pipeline S119 is suitable for communicating with the second-stage energy-releasingexpander 22 and the three-way valve F, the pipeline T120 is suitable for connecting the three-way valve F and the second waste heatdissipation heat exchanger 26, the pipeline U121 is suitable for connecting the low-temperature packed bed 11 and the circulating fan 27, and the pipeline V122 is suitable for connecting The circulating fan 27 and theelectric heater 28 are suitable for communicating with theelectric heater 28 and the low-temperature packed bed 11 through the pipeline W123 .

其中，流量控制阀门A8用于调节第一放气结构的放气速度，流量控制阀门B14用于调节第一补气结构的补气速度，流量控制阀门C25用于调节第二放气结构的放气速度。Among them, the flow control valve A8 is used to adjust the deflation speed of the first deflation structure, the flow control valve B14 is used to adjust the gas supply speed of the first deflation structure, and the flow control valve C25 is used to adjust the deflation rate of the second deflation structure. Gas speed.

其中，第一泵体(图1中未示出)与储能回路除湿装置15的位置关系可调，空气可以先通过第一泵体，再通过储能回路除湿装置15，空气也可以先通过储能回路除湿装置15，再通过第一泵体。同理，第二泵体19与释能回路除湿装置20的位置关系可调，空气可以先通过第二泵体19，再通过释能回路除湿装置20，空气也可以先通过释能回路除湿装置20，再通过第二泵体19。Wherein, the positional relationship between the first pump body (not shown in Fig. 1 ) and the energystorage circuit dehumidifier 15 is adjustable, the air can first pass through the first pump body, and then pass through the energystorage circuit dehumidifier 15, and the air can also pass through first The energystorage circuit dehumidifier 15 passes through the first pump body. Similarly, the positional relationship between thesecond pump body 19 and the energyrelease circuit dehumidifier 20 is adjustable, the air can first pass through thesecond pump body 19, and then pass through the energyrelease circuit dehumidifier 20, and the air can also first pass through the energyrelease circuit dehumidifier 20, and then through thesecond pump body 19.

另一个实施例中提供一种使用空气工质的热泵储电方法，采用了上述实施例中使用空气工质的热泵储电系统，至少包括如下步骤：利用热泵制冷制热回路将多余的电能转化为热能与冷能；利用冷热能热机发电回路将热能与冷能转化为电能；利用热泵制冷制热回路将多余的电能转化为热能与冷能时，采用空气作为流动工质进行换热；其中，在热泵制冷制热回路进行制热时，通过第一放气结构将制热回路中的多余空气排至外界环境中，以减小制热回路中的气压；在热泵制冷制热回路进行制冷时，通过第一补气结构将外界环境中的空气送入制冷回路中，以增大制冷回路中的气压。Another embodiment provides a heat pump power storage method using air working fluid, which adopts the heat pump power storage system using air working fluid in the above embodiment, at least including the following steps: using the heat pump cooling and heating circuit to convert excess electric energy For heat and cold energy; use the cold and heat heat engine power generation circuit to convert heat and cold energy into electrical energy; use the heat pump cooling and heating circuit to convert excess electrical energy into heat and cold energy, and use air as the flowing working medium for heat exchange; Among them, when the heat pump cooling and heating circuit is heating, the excess air in the heating circuit is discharged to the external environment through the first air release structure, so as to reduce the air pressure in the heating circuit; When cooling, the air in the external environment is sent into the refrigeration circuit through the first air supply structure, so as to increase the air pressure in the refrigeration circuit.

其中，采用第一补气结构将外界环境中的空气送入制冷回路之前，采用储能回路除湿装置15对空气进行除湿处理。Wherein, before the air in the external environment is sent into the refrigeration circuit by using the first air supply structure, thedehumidification device 15 for the energy storage circuit is used to dehumidify the air.

其中，利用冷热能热机发电回路将热能与冷能转化为电能时，采用空气作为流动工质进行换热；其中，在冷热能热机发电回路进行释热时，通过第二补气结构将将外界环境中的空气送入释热回路中，以增大释热回路中的气压；在冷热能热机发电回路进行释冷时，通过第二放气结构将释冷回路中的多余空气排至外界环境中，以减小释冷回路中的气压。Among them, when the thermal energy and cold energy are converted into electric energy by using the cold-heat energy heat engine power generation circuit, air is used as the flowing working medium for heat exchange; wherein, when the cold-heat energy heat engine power generation circuit releases heat, the second air supply structure will The air in the external environment is sent into the heat release circuit to increase the air pressure in the heat release circuit; when the cold heat energy heat engine power generation circuit releases cooling, the excess air in the cooling circuit is exhausted through the second air release structure. to the external environment to reduce the air pressure in the cooling circuit.

其中，采用第二补气结构将外界环境中的空气送入释热回路之前，采用释能回路除湿装置20对空气进行除湿处理。Wherein, before the air in the external environment is sent into the heat release circuit by using the second air supply structure, the air is dehumidified by the energyrelease circuit dehumidifier 20 .

其中，在热泵储电系统投入运行之前，采用低温填充床11预热回路将热泵制冷制热回路中的储冷工质加热至预热温度。Wherein, before the heat pump power storage system is put into operation, the low-temperature packed bed 11 preheating circuit is used to heat the cold storage working medium in the heat pump refrigeration and heating circuit to the preheating temperature.

以为该使用空气工质的热泵储电系统的具体运行过程：The specific operation process of the heat pump power storage system using air working medium:

低温填充床11的预热：Preheating of low temperature packed bed 11:

在系统投入运行之前，需要对低温填充床11进行一次预加热。Before the system is put into operation, the low-temperature packed bed 11 needs to be preheated once.

启动低温填充床11预热回路中的循环风机27和电加热器28。循环风机27驱动回路中的空气流入电加热器28加热至300℃-500℃范围，我们将这一温度称为预热温度。具体的预热温度将由系统最高温度和压比决定，换种说法是，预热温度和运行压比将决定系统最高温度。Start the circulating fan 27 and theelectric heater 28 in the low temperature packed bed 11 preheating circuit. The air in the circuit driven by the circulating fan 27 flows into theelectric heater 28 and is heated to a range of 300°C-500°C. We call this temperature the preheating temperature. The specific preheating temperature will be determined by the system's maximum temperature and pressure ratio. In other words, the preheating temperature and operating pressure ratio will determine the system's maximum temperature.

高温的流动工质流入低温填充床11与其中的固体颗粒工质进行热交换，将热能存储到低温填充床11内，直到低温填充床11中固体颗粒温度全部升高至预热温度。The high-temperature fluid flows into the low-temperature packed bed 11 to exchange heat with the solid particles in it, and stores heat energy in the low-temperature packed bed 11 until the temperature of the solid particles in the low-temperature packed bed 11 rises to the preheating temperature.

预加热只需在连续储释电运行之前进行一次，一旦开始连续储释电，将不再需要预加热。Preheating only needs to be performed once before the continuous power storage and discharge operation. Once the continuous power storage and discharge starts, preheating is no longer required.

当处于用电低谷期时，启动热泵制冷制热回路，将电能转化为冷能与热能存储起来。When the power consumption is low, the heat pump cooling and heating circuit is started to convert the electric energy into cold energy and heat energy for storage.

以下描述中多级储能压缩机、多级储能膨胀机、多级释能压缩机以及多级释能膨胀机均为二级为例进行说明，In the following description, the multi-stage energy storage compressor, multi-stage energy storage expander, multi-stage energy release compressor and multi-stage energy release expander are all two-stage examples for illustration.

第一级储能压缩机2、第二级储能压缩机3、第一级储能膨胀机9、第二级储能膨胀机10传动连接，驱动单元11和储能压缩机驱动连接。The first-stage energy storage compressor 2 , the second-stageenergy storage compressor 3 , the first-stageenergy storage expander 9 , and the second-stageenergy storage expander 10 are connected in transmission, and the driving unit 11 is drivingly connected to the energy storage compressor.

控制三通阀门A的第三通路和第二通路连通，第一通路截止，使得管路E105和管路F106连通；控制三通阀门C第三通路和第一通路连通，第二通路截止，使得管路J110和管路K111连通。三通阀门B的三个通路常通；三通阀门D的三个通路常通。The third passage of the three-way valve A is connected to the second passage, and the first passage is cut off, so that the pipeline E105 and the pipeline F106 are connected; the third passage of the three-way valve C is connected to the first passage, and the second passage is closed, so that The pipeline J110 communicates with the pipeline K111. The three channels of three-way valve B are normally open; the three channels of three-way valve D are normally open.

预热温度、常压的气体工质流入依次经过第一级储能压缩机2、管路B102、第二级储能压缩机3压缩至高温、中/高压状态后，沿管路C103流入高温填充床4，与其中的固体颗粒蓄热材料进行热交换，将热能存储在其中。The gas working medium with preheating temperature and normal pressure flows through the first-stage energy storage compressor 2, pipeline B102, and second-stageenergy storage compressor 3 to be compressed to high temperature and medium/high pressure in sequence, and then flows into high temperature along the pipeline C103 The packed bed 4 performs heat exchange with the solid particle heat storage material therein, and stores heat energy therein.

由于系统的非稳态，从高温填充床4流出的常温、中/高压气体工质温度可能没有完全降至室温，因此设置一个第一余热排散换热器5，气体工质沿管路D104流入第一余热排散换热器5将余热排散到环境中。Due to the unsteady state of the system, the temperature of the normal temperature and medium/high pressure gas working fluid flowing out from the high temperature packed bed 4 may not be completely lowered to room temperature, so a first waste heat dissipation heat exchanger 5 is set, and the gas working fluid flows along the pipeline D104 flows into the first waste heat dissipation heat exchanger 5 to dissipate the waste heat to the environment.

随后，室温、中/高压的气体工质沿管路E105、管路F106以及管路G107流入多级储能膨胀机入口，依次经过第一级储能膨胀机9、管路H108、第二级储能膨胀机10膨胀至低温常压状态。Subsequently, the gas working medium at room temperature and medium/high pressure flows into the inlet of the multi-stage energy storage expander along the pipeline E105, pipeline F106 and pipeline G107, and passes through the first-stageenergy storage expander 9, pipeline H108, second-stage energy storage expander in sequence. Theenergy storage expander 10 expands to a state of low temperature and normal pressure.

低温常压的气体工质沿管路I109流入低温填充床11，与其中的固体蓄热工质进行热交换，将冷能存储在其中。The low-temperature and normal-pressure gas working fluid flows into the low-temperature packed bed 11 along the pipeline I109, exchanges heat with the solid heat-storage working medium therein, and stores cold energy therein.

从低温填充床11中流出的气体工质吸收了低温填充床11内预充的热能至预热温度、常压。The gas working fluid flowing out from the low-temperature packed bed 11 absorbs the heat energy pre-charged in the low-temperature packed bed 11 to the preheating temperature and normal pressure.

气体工质沿着管路J110、管路K111以及管路A101流入多级释能压缩机入口，重新参与循环。如此反复，不断的将电能转化为冷能和热能存储起来。The gaseous working medium flows into the inlet of the multi-stage energy release compressor along the pipeline J110, pipeline K111 and pipeline A101, and participates in the cycle again. Repeatedly, the electric energy is continuously converted into cold energy and heat energy for storage.

随着储能过程的进行，高温填充床4内气体温度升高，密度降低；低温填充床11内气体温度降低，密度增大。为了维持系统内部质量守恒和压力稳定，调节流量控制阀门A8的开度，向环境排气；调节流量控制阀门B14的开度，从环境向系统内补气。注意从环境抽取的空气要先经过储能回路除湿装置15除湿成为干燥空气后再使用。As the energy storage process proceeds, the temperature of the gas in the high-temperature packed bed 4 increases and the density decreases; the temperature of the gas in the low-temperature packed bed 11 decreases and the density increases. In order to maintain the internal mass conservation and pressure stability of the system, adjust the opening of the flow control valve A8 to exhaust to the environment; adjust the opening of the flow control valve B14 to supply air from the environment to the system. Note that the air extracted from the environment must first be dehumidified by the energy storagecircuit dehumidification device 15 to become dry air before use.

处于用电高峰期时，启动冷热能热机发电回路，将存储的高品位热能和冷能转化为电能释放。During the peak period of electricity consumption, the cold and heat energy heat engine power generation circuit is started to convert the stored high-grade heat and cold energy into electric energy for release.

控制三通阀门A的第一通路和第三通路连通，第二通路截止，使得管路E105和管路P116连通；控制三通阀门C的第二通路和第三通路连通，第一通路截止，使管路J110和管路L112连通；三通阀门E的三个通路常通，三通阀门F的三个通路常通。Control the first passage of the three-way valve A to connect with the third passage, and the second passage is cut off, so that the pipeline E105 and the pipeline P116 are connected; the second passage of the three-way valve C is connected to the third passage, and the first passage is cut off. Make the pipeline J110 communicate with the pipeline L112; the three pathways of the three-way valve E are normally open, and the three pathways of the three-way valve F are normally open.

预热温度、常压的气体工质进入低温填充床11吸收其中的冷能至低温、常压状态。低温常压的气体工质从低温填充床11中流出，沿管路M113流入多级释能压缩机入口，依次经过第一级释能压缩机16、管路N114、第二级释能压缩机17压缩至常温、中/高压。The gas working medium at preheating temperature and normal pressure enters the low-temperature packed bed 11 to absorb the cold energy therein to a state of low temperature and normal pressure. The low-temperature and normal-pressure gas working medium flows out of the low-temperature packed bed 11, flows into the inlet of the multi-stage energy-releasing compressor along the pipeline M113, and passes through the first-stage energy-releasingcompressor 16, the pipeline N114, and the second-stage energy-releasing compressor in sequence. 17 Compress to room temperature, medium/high pressure.

常温、中/高压的气体工质沿管路O115、管路P116和管路E105，经过第一余热排散换热器5将余热排放到环境中后，室温、中/高压的气体工质沿管路D104进入高温填充床4吸收高温热能至高温、中/高压状态。The normal temperature, medium/high pressure gas working fluid passes through the first waste heat dissipation heat exchanger 5 to discharge the waste heat to the environment along the pipeline O115, the pipeline P116 and the pipeline E105, and the room temperature, medium/high pressure gas working medium Enter the high-temperature packed bed 4 along the pipeline D104 to absorb high-temperature heat energy to a high-temperature, medium/high-pressure state.

高温、中/高压的气体工质沿管路Q117流入多级释能膨胀机入口。依次经过第一级释能膨胀机21、管路R118以及第二级释能膨胀机22膨胀至预热温度附近、常压状态。High-temperature, medium/high-pressure gas working fluid flows into the inlet of the multi-stage energy-releasing expander along the pipeline Q117. Sequentially go through the first stageenergy release expander 21, the pipeline R118 and the second stageenergy release expander 22 to expand to near the preheating temperature and normal pressure state.

第一级释能压缩机16、第二级释能压缩机17、第一级释能膨胀机21以及第二级释能膨胀机22传动连接，第二级释能膨胀机22与发电单元驱动连接。The first-stage energy-releasingcompressor 16, the second-stage energy-releasingcompressor 17, the first-stage energy-releasingexpander 21, and the second-stage energy-releasingexpander 22 are in transmission connection, and the second-stage energy-releasingexpander 22 is driven by the power generation unit connect.

随后气体工质沿管路S119以及管路T120，经过第二余热排散换热器26将余热排散到环境中，从第二余热排散换热器26中流出的气体工质状态为预热温度、常压状态。Then the gas working medium passes through the second waste heatdissipation heat exchanger 26 along the pipeline S119 and the pipeline T120 to dissipate the waste heat to the environment, and the state of the gas working medium flowing out of the second waste heatdissipation heat exchanger 26 It is the preheating temperature and normal pressure state.

预热温度、常压的气体工质沿管路L112、管路J110重新流入低温填充床11吸收冷能。如此反复，不断的将冷能和热能转化为电能释放。The gas working medium at preheating temperature and normal pressure flows into the low-temperature packed bed 11 again along the pipeline L112 and pipeline J110 to absorb cold energy. Repeatedly, the cold energy and heat energy are continuously converted into electric energy and released.

在释能过程中，高温填充床4内温度逐渐降低，低温填充床11内温度逐渐升高。为了维持系统内工质质量守恒和压力稳定，开启第二泵体19，例如，第二泵体可以为压力调节压缩机，向系统中泵入气体，注意空气要经过释能回路除湿装置20除湿至干燥空气后使用。调节流量控制阀门C25的开度，向环境中排气。During the energy release process, the temperature in the high-temperature packed bed 4 gradually decreases, and the temperature in the low-temperature packed bed 11 gradually increases. In order to maintain the mass conservation and pressure stability of the working fluid in the system, thesecond pump body 19 is turned on. For example, the second pump body can be a pressure-regulating compressor to pump gas into the system. Note that the air must be dehumidified through thedehumidification device 20 of the energy release circuit. Use after air drying. Adjust the opening of the flow control valve C25 to exhaust to the environment.

其中，对于工质的选择，系统中流动工质全部为空气。Among them, for the choice of working fluid, the flowing working fluid in the system is all air.

其中，对于动力设备的选择：Among them, the choice of power equipment:

驱动单元1为驱动电机或电力机。当驱动单元1为驱动电机时，是以常规电站低谷电、核电、风电、太阳能发电、水电或者潮汐发电中的一种或多种为电源。The drivingunit 1 is a driving motor or an electric motor. When the drivingunit 1 is a driving motor, one or more of conventional power station low power, nuclear power, wind power, solar power, hydropower or tidal power is used as the power source.

多级储能压缩机和多级释能压缩机，总压比在3-20之间；当压缩机为多台压缩机时，多台压缩机为共轴串联形式、或分轴并联形式。并联形式中，各分轴与主驱动轴动连接。Multi-stage energy storage compressors and multi-stage energy release compressors, the total pressure ratio is between 3-20; when the compressors are multiple compressors, the multiple compressors are in the form of coaxial series or split shaft parallel. In the parallel mode, each branch shaft is dynamically connected with the main drive shaft.

储能膨胀机和释能膨胀机，总膨胀比在3-20之间；当膨胀机为多台膨胀机时，多台膨胀机为共轴串联形式、或分轴并联形式；并联形式中，各分轴与主驱动轴动连接。The energy storage expander and the energy release expander, the total expansion ratio is between 3-20; when the expander is multiple expanders, the multiple expanders are in the form of coaxial series or split shaft parallel; in the parallel form, Each branch shaft is dynamically connected with the main drive shaft.

图1中给出的多级储能压缩机、多级储能膨胀机、多级释能压缩机和多级释能膨胀机均画了两级，实际上级数为2-6级均可。The multi-stage energy storage compressor, multi-stage energy storage expander, multi-stage energy release compressor and multi-stage energy release expander shown in Fig. 1 are all drawn with two stages, but actually the number of stages can be 2-6.

对于存储设备：For storage devices:

高温填充床4和低温填充床11为圆柱体、球体或者长方体，固体蓄冷蓄热介质为岩石、沙石、金属颗粒、固体砖等材料中的一种或者至少两种的组合。The high-temperature packed bed 4 and the low-temperature packed bed 11 are cylinders, spheres or cuboids, and the solid cold and heat storage medium is one or a combination of at least two materials such as rocks, sand, metal particles, and solid bricks.

综上所述，本发明提供的使用空气工质的热泵储电系统，不使用缓冲罐依旧可以实现工质质量平衡和压力稳定的结构和控制方案；使用易获取的空气作为流动工质，降低了成本和对系统密闭性的严苛要求；空气压缩机/膨胀机相比于氦气压缩机/膨胀机、氩气压缩机/膨胀机的技术相对成熟，也提高了技术的可行性，降低了研发难度。To sum up, the heat pump power storage system using air working medium provided by the present invention can still achieve the structure and control scheme of working medium mass balance and pressure stability without using a buffer tank; using easily obtained air as a flowing working medium reduces Compared with helium compressor/expander and argon compressor/expander, the technology of air compressor/expander is relatively mature, which also improves the technical feasibility and reduces development difficulty.

显然，上述实施例仅仅是为清楚地说明所作的举例，而并非对实施方式的限定。对于所属领域的普通技术人员来说，在上述说明的基础上还可以做出其它不同形式的变化或变动。这里无需也无法对所有的实施方式予以穷举。而由此所引伸出的显而易见的变化或变动仍处于本发明创造的保护范围之中。Apparently, the above-mentioned embodiments are only examples for clear description, rather than limiting the implementation. For those of ordinary skill in the art, other changes or changes in different forms can be made on the basis of the above description. It is not necessary and impossible to exhaustively list all the implementation manners here. And the obvious changes or changes derived therefrom are still within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims (14)

1. A heat pump electricity storage system using air working medium comprises a heat pump refrigerating and heating loop, which is suitable for converting redundant electric energy into heat energy and cold energy during electricity consumption valley; the cold and hot energy heat engine power generation loop is suitable for converting the heat energy and the cold energy into electric energy at the peak of power utilization;

it is characterized by also comprising: the first air bleeding structure is suitable for discharging redundant air in the heating loop to the external environment when the heat pump refrigerating and heating loop heats so as to reduce the air pressure in the heating loop;

the first air supplementing structure is suitable for sending air in the external environment into the refrigerating circuit when the heat pump refrigerating and heating circuit carries out refrigeration so as to increase the air pressure in the refrigerating circuit;

when the heat pump refrigerating and heating loop is used for converting redundant electric energy into heat energy and cold energy, air is used as a flowing working medium for heat exchange;

the heat pump refrigerating and heating loop comprises a driving unit, a multistage energy storage compressor, a high-temperature packed bed, a three-way valve A, a multistage energy storage expander, a low-temperature packed bed and a three-way valve C; the driving unit is connected with the multistage energy storage compressor and the multistage energy storage expander, an air outlet of the multistage energy storage compressor is connected with an air inlet of the high-temperature packed bed, a first air outlet of the high-temperature packed bed is connected with an air inlet of the multistage energy storage expander, an air outlet of the multistage energy storage expander is connected with a first air inlet of the low-temperature packed bed, and a first air outlet of the low-temperature packed bed is connected with an air inlet of the multistage energy storage compressor;

the three-way valve A is suitable for being communicated with a gas inlet of the multistage energy storage expansion machine, a first gas outlet of the high-temperature packed bed and the cold and heat energy heat engine power generation loop;

the three-way valve C is suitable for being communicated with a gas inlet of the multistage energy storage compressor, a first gas outlet of the low-temperature packed bed and the cold-heat energy heat engine power generation loop;

the first air bleeding structure is arranged on a pipeline between the three-way valve A and the multi-stage energy storage expansion machine; the first air supplementing structure is arranged on a pipeline between the three-way valve C and the multistage energy storage compressor;

the first air release structure comprises a three-way valve B and a flow control valve A; the three-way valve B is suitable for being communicated with an air inlet of the multistage energy storage expansion machine, the three-way valve A and one end of the flow control valve A, and the other end of the flow control valve A is communicated with the external environment;

the first air supply structure comprises a three-way valve D, a flow control valve B and a first pump body; the three-way valve D is suitable for being communicated with an air inlet of the multistage energy storage compressor, the three-way valve C and one end of the flow control valve B, and the other end of the flow control valve B is communicated with the external environment through the first pump body.

2. The heat pump electricity storage system using an air working fluid according to claim 1,

and a first waste heat dissipation heat exchanger is arranged between the three-way valve A and the high-temperature packed bed and is suitable for adjusting the air flowing out of a first air outlet of the high-temperature packed bed to room temperature.

3. The heat pump electricity storage system using an air working fluid according to claim 1,

and an energy storage loop dehumidifying device is arranged between the first pump body and the flow control valve B.

4. The heat pump electricity storage system using an air working fluid according to claim 1,

the cold and heat energy heat engine power generation loop comprises a power generation unit, a multi-stage energy release compressor and a multi-stage energy release expander; the power generation unit is connected with the multistage energy release expansion machine and the multistage energy release compressor, a gas inlet of the multistage energy release expansion machine is connected with a second gas outlet of the high-temperature packed bed, and a second gas outlet of the low-temperature packed bed is connected with a gas inlet of the multistage energy release compressor;

the three-way valve A is suitable for communicating a gas inlet of the multistage energy storage expansion machine, a first gas outlet of the high-temperature packed bed and a gas outlet of the multistage energy release compressor;

the three-way valve C is suitable for communicating a gas inlet of the multistage energy storage compressor, a first gas outlet of the low-temperature packed bed and a gas outlet of the multistage energy release expander;

when the cold and heat energy is converted into electric energy by the cold and heat energy heat engine power generation loop, air is used as a flowing working medium for heat exchange.

5. The heat pump electricity storage system using an air working fluid according to claim 4,

the air supply device also comprises a second air discharge structure and a second air supplement structure;

the second air bleeding structure is arranged on a pipeline between the three-way valve C and the multi-stage energy-releasing expansion machine; the second air supplementing structure is arranged on a pipeline between the three-way valve A and the multi-stage energy-releasing compressor.

6. The heat pump electricity storage system using an air working fluid according to claim 5,

the second air discharging structure comprises a three-way valve F and a flow control valve C; the three-way valve F is suitable for being communicated with an air outlet of the multi-stage energy-releasing expansion machine, the three-way valve C and one end of the flow control valve C, and the other end of the flow control valve C is communicated with the external environment;

the second air supply structure comprises a three-way valve E and a second pump body; the three-way valve E is suitable for being communicated with an air outlet of the multi-stage energy-releasing compressor, the three-way valve A and the second pump body.

7. The heat pump electricity storage system using an air working fluid according to claim 6,

and a second waste heat dissipation heat exchanger is arranged between the three-way valve F and the three-way valve C and is suitable for adjusting the air flowing out of the air outlet of the multistage energy-releasing expansion machine to room temperature.

8. The heat pump electricity storage system using an air working fluid according to claim 6,

the air outlet of the energy release loop dehumidifying device is connected with the air inlet of the second pump body and is suitable for dehumidifying the air entering the second pump body.

9. The heat pump electricity storage system using an air working substance according to any one of claims 1 to 8,

the low-temperature packed bed preheating loop comprises a circulating fan and an electric heater;

and the air inlet of the circulating fan is connected with the third air outlet of the low-temperature packed bed, the air outlet of the circulating fan is connected with the air inlet of the electric heater, and the air outlet of the electric heater is connected with the second air inlet of the low-temperature packed bed.

10. A heat pump electricity storage method using an air working medium, comprising the heat pump electricity storage system using an air working medium according to any one of claims 1 to 9, comprising at least the steps of:

the redundant electric energy is converted into heat energy and cold energy by utilizing a heat pump refrigerating and heating loop;

converting the heat energy and the cold energy into electric energy by utilizing a cold and heat energy heat engine power generation loop;

when a heat pump refrigerating and heating loop is utilized to convert redundant electric energy into heat energy and cold energy, air is adopted as a flowing working medium to exchange heat;

when the heat pump refrigerating and heating loop heats, the redundant air in the heating loop is discharged to the external environment through the first air discharging structure, so that the air pressure in the heating loop is reduced;

when the heat pump refrigerating and heating loop carries out refrigeration, air in the external environment is sent into the refrigerating loop through the first air supplementing structure so as to increase the air pressure in the refrigerating loop.

11. The heat pump electricity storage method using an air working fluid according to claim 10,

before the air in the external environment is sent into the refrigerating circuit by adopting the first air supplementing structure, the air is dehumidified by adopting the energy storage circuit dehumidifying device.

12. The heat pump electricity storage method using an air working fluid according to claim 10,

when the heat energy and the cold energy are converted into electric energy by utilizing the cold and heat energy heat engine power generation loop, air is adopted as a flowing working medium for heat exchange;

when the cold and heat energy heat engine power generation loop releases heat, air in the external environment is sent into the heat release loop through the second air supply structure so as to increase the air pressure in the heat release loop;

when the cold and heat energy heat engine power generation loop carries out cold release, the second air release structure is used for discharging redundant air in the cold release loop to the external environment so as to reduce the air pressure in the cold release loop.

13. The heat pump electricity storage method using an air working fluid according to claim 12,

before the air in the external environment is sent into the heat release loop by adopting the second air supply structure, the dehumidification treatment is carried out on the air by adopting the energy release loop dehumidification device.

14. The heat pump electricity storage method using an air working fluid according to any one of claims 10 to 13,

before the heat pump electricity storage system is put into operation, a low-temperature packed bed preheating circuit is adopted to heat the cold storage working medium in the heat pump refrigerating and heating circuit to a preheating temperature.

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