CN114201984A - Lithology identification method, device, system and storage medium based on vibration signal - Google Patents
Lithology identification method, device, system and storage medium based on vibration signalDownload PDFInfo
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Abstract
Translated fromChinese
Description
Translated fromChinese技术领域technical field
本发明属于勘探技术领域，具体涉及一种利用随钻振动信号进行岩性识别的方法、装置、系统和存储介质。The invention belongs to the technical field of exploration, and in particular relates to a method, device, system and storage medium for lithology identification using vibration signals while drilling.
背景技术Background technique
在地质条件复杂的地区开展钻井作业的风险和成本较大，需要及时准确地掌握钻遇地层情况。通过地层的准确识别，能够更好地为钻井轨迹的调整、套管位置及尺寸、钻井液密度的选择等钻井工程服务，并且能够有效地降低钻井风险，提高效率。现阶段主要通过取芯和测录井进行岩性识别，但是取芯和测录井资料存在一定的滞后性。Drilling operations in areas with complex geological conditions have high risks and costs, and it is necessary to timely and accurately grasp the strata encountered by drilling. Through the accurate identification of the formation, it can better provide drilling engineering services such as adjustment of drilling trajectory, casing position and size, selection of drilling fluid density, etc., and can effectively reduce drilling risks and improve efficiency. At present, lithology identification is mainly carried out by coring and logging, but there is a certain lag in coring and logging data.
发明内容SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
针对上述技术问题，本发明提出了一种新的基于随钻振动信号的岩性识别技术，它可以提供一种实时、低成本的岩性识别手段。In view of the above technical problems, the present invention proposes a new lithology identification technology based on vibration-while-drilling signals, which can provide a real-time, low-cost lithology identification method.
首先，本发明提供一种基于振动信号的岩性识别方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：First of all, the present invention provides a method for lithology identification based on vibration signal, which is characterized in that it includes the following steps:
获取钻头在钻探工区的岩石样本时的振动信号样本，并从所述振动信号样本中提取信号特征参数；Obtaining vibration signal samples when the drill bit is drilling rock samples in the work area, and extracting signal characteristic parameters from the vibration signal samples;
根据岩石样本的岩性与振动信号样本的信号特征参数之间的对应关系，建立工区的岩石岩性与钻头的振动信号的信号特征参数之间的概率分布关系模型；According to the corresponding relationship between the lithology of the rock sample and the signal characteristic parameters of the vibration signal sample, the probability distribution relationship model between the rock lithology of the work area and the signal characteristic parameters of the vibration signal of the drill bit is established;
获取工区钻井过程中钻头破岩时产生的振动信号，并从所述振动信号中提取信号特征参数；Acquire the vibration signal generated when the drill bit breaks the rock during the drilling process in the work area, and extract the signal characteristic parameters from the vibration signal;
根据振动信号的信号特征参数，利用工区的岩石岩性与钻头的振动信号的信号特征参数之间的概率分布关系模型来推测钻头钻遇的工区地层的岩性。According to the signal characteristic parameters of the vibration signal, the probability distribution relationship model between the rock lithology of the work area and the signal characteristic parameters of the vibration signal of the drill bit is used to infer the lithology of the work area formation encountered by the drill bit.
根据本发明的一个实施例，上述方法中，所述信号特征参数包括信号的对数能量以及信号滤波后的对数能量。According to an embodiment of the present invention, in the above method, the signal characteristic parameters include logarithmic energy of the signal and logarithmic energy after filtering of the signal.
根据本发明的一个实施例，上述方法中，对信号进行分帧处理；According to an embodiment of the present invention, in the above method, the signal is subjected to frame-by-frame processing;
将各帧信号数据从时域转换到频域，确定各帧信号数据的频谱；Convert each frame of signal data from the time domain to the frequency domain, and determine the frequency spectrum of each frame of signal data;
利用各帧信号数据的频谱计算各帧信号数据的对数能量以及各帧信号数据滤波后的对数能量。The logarithmic energy of each frame of signal data and the filtered logarithmic energy of each frame of signal data are calculated by using the spectrum of each frame of signal data.
根据本发明的一个实施例，上述方法中，根据岩石样本的岩性与振动信号样本的信号特征参数之间的对应关系，建立工区的岩石岩性与钻头的振动信号的信号特征参数之间的关系模型，包括：According to an embodiment of the present invention, in the above method, according to the corresponding relationship between the lithology of the rock sample and the signal characteristic parameter of the vibration signal sample, the relationship between the rock lithology of the work area and the signal characteristic parameter of the vibration signal of the drill bit is established. A relational model, including:
根据岩石样本的岩性以及对应的振动信号样本的信号特征参数，确定对应于不同岩性的振动信号的信号特征参数的概率分布，基于所述概率分布建立描述工区的岩石岩性与钻头的振动信号的信号特征参数之间的关系的概率分布关系模型。According to the lithology of the rock samples and the signal characteristic parameters of the corresponding vibration signal samples, determine the probability distribution of the signal characteristic parameters of the vibration signals corresponding to different lithologies, and establish a description of the rock lithology of the work area and the vibration of the drill bit based on the probability distribution. A probability distribution relationship model of the relationship between the signal characteristic parameters of the signal.
根据本发明的一个实施例，上述方法中，根据岩石样本的岩性以及对应的振动信号样本的信号特征参数，确定对应于不同岩性的振动信号的信号特征参数的概率分布，基于所述概率分布建立描述工区的岩石岩性与钻头的振动信号的信号特征参数之间的关系的概率分布关系模型，包括：According to an embodiment of the present invention, in the above method, according to the lithology of the rock samples and the signal characteristic parameters of the corresponding vibration signal samples, the probability distribution of the signal characteristic parameters of the vibration signals corresponding to different lithologies is determined, and based on the probability The distribution establishes a probability distribution relationship model describing the relationship between the rock lithology of the work area and the signal characteristic parameters of the vibration signal of the drill bit, including:
基于岩石样本的岩性以及对应的振动信号样本的信号特征参数，确定对应于不同岩性的振动信号的信号特征参数的高斯概率分布，基于高斯概率分布建立描述工区的岩石岩性与钻头的振动信号的信号特征参数之间的高斯混合概率模型。Based on the lithology of the rock samples and the signal characteristic parameters of the corresponding vibration signal samples, the Gaussian probability distribution of the signal characteristic parameters of the vibration signals corresponding to different lithologies is determined, and based on the Gaussian probability distribution, the rock lithology of the work area and the vibration of the drill bit are established. A Gaussian mixture probability model between the signal characteristic parameters of the signal.
根据本发明的一个实施例，上述方法中，根据振动信号的信号特征参数，利用工区的岩石岩性与钻头的振动信号的信号特征参数之间的概率分布关系模型来推测钻头钻遇的工区地层的岩性，包括：According to an embodiment of the present invention, in the above method, according to the signal characteristic parameters of the vibration signal, the probability distribution relationship model between the rock lithology of the work area and the signal characteristic parameters of the vibration signal of the drill bit is used to infer the formation of the work area drilled by the drill bit lithology, including:
根据振动信号的信号特征参数，利用工区的岩石岩性与钻头的振动信号的信号特征参数之间的高斯混合概率模型，通过基于高斯型似然函数的贝叶斯估计的反演法来反演出钻头所钻遇地层的岩性。According to the signal characteristic parameters of the vibration signal, the Gaussian mixture probability model between the rock lithology of the work area and the signal characteristic parameters of the vibration signal of the drill bit is used to invert the inversion method based on the Bayesian estimation of the Gaussian likelihood function. The lithology of the formation encountered by the drill bit.
根据本发明的一个实施例，上述方法中，通过基于高斯型似然函数的贝叶斯估计的反演法来反演出钻头所钻遇地层的岩性，包括：According to an embodiment of the present invention, in the above method, the inversion method of Bayesian estimation based on Gaussian likelihood function is used to invert the lithology of the formation drilled by the drill bit, including:
根据下式，计算钻头所钻遇地层为不同岩性的概率值：According to the following formula, calculate the probability value of the stratum drilled by the drill bit with different lithologies:
其中，I为先验岩性信息；p(m|d,I)为岩性后验概率密度；p(m|I)为岩性先验概率密度；p(d|I)为归一化因子；L(m|d,I)为高斯型似然函数，表示参数为m时数据为d的概率；d代表信号特征参数；m为岩性参数；CT为数据测量误差的协方差矩阵；g(m)为岩性参数与信号特征参数之间的关系函数；Among them, I is the prior lithology information; p(m|d,I) is the lithology posterior probability density; p(m|I) is the lithology prior probability density; p(d|I) is the normalized factor; L(m|d,I) is a Gaussian likelihood function, representing the probability that the data is d when the parameter is m; d is the signal characteristic parameter; m is the lithology parameter; CT is the covariance matrix of the data measurement error ; g(m) is the relationship function between lithological parameters and signal characteristic parameters;
概率最大的岩性即为钻头钻遇地层的岩性。The lithology with the highest probability is the lithology of the formation that the drill bit drills into.
此外，本发明还提供一种基于振动信号的岩性识别装置，其特征在于，包括：In addition, the present invention also provides a vibration signal-based lithology identification device, characterized in that it includes:
样本获取模块，用于获取钻头钻探工区的岩石样本时的振动信号样本，并从所述振动信号样本中提取信号特征参数；a sample acquisition module, used for acquiring vibration signal samples when the drill bit is drilling rock samples in a work area, and extracting signal characteristic parameters from the vibration signal samples;
关系确定模块，用于通过分析岩石样本的岩性与振动信号样本的信号特征参数之间的对应关系，确定工区的岩石岩性与钻头的振动信号的信号特征参数之间的概率分布关系模型；The relationship determination module is used to determine the probability distribution relationship model between the rock lithology of the work area and the signal characteristic parameters of the vibration signal of the drill bit by analyzing the corresponding relationship between the lithology of the rock sample and the signal characteristic parameters of the vibration signal sample;
信号获取模块，用于获取工区钻井过程中钻头破岩时产生的振动信号，并从所述振动信号中提取信号特征参数；The signal acquisition module is used to acquire the vibration signal generated when the drill bit breaks the rock during the drilling process in the work area, and extract the signal characteristic parameters from the vibration signal;
岩性识别模块，用于根据振动信号的信号特征参数，利用工区的岩石岩性与钻头的振动信号的信号特征参数之间的概率分布关系模型来推测钻头所钻遇的工区地层的岩性。The lithology identification module is used to infer the lithology of the stratum in the work area drilled by the drill bit by using the probability distribution relationship model between the rock lithology of the work area and the signal characteristic parameters of the vibration signal of the drill bit according to the signal characteristic parameters of the vibration signal.
此外，本发明还提供一种基于振动信号的岩性识别系统，其特征在于，包括：In addition, the present invention also provides a vibration signal-based lithology identification system, characterized in that it includes:
信号采集装置，用于采集钻头钻探工区的岩石样本时的振动信号样本以及钻井过程中钻头破岩时产生的振动信号；The signal acquisition device is used to collect the vibration signal samples of the rock samples in the drilling area of the drill bit and the vibration signals generated when the drill bit breaks the rock during the drilling process;
存储器和处理器，所述处理器用于执行所述存储器中存储的计算机程序，以基于所述信号采集装置采集的钻头钻探工区的岩石样本时的振动信号样本以及钻井过程中钻头破岩时产生的振动信号，实现上述岩性识别方法。A memory and a processor, wherein the processor is used to execute the computer program stored in the memory to generate vibration signal samples when the drill bit drills the rock samples in the work area based on the signal acquisition device and the vibration signal samples generated when the drill bit breaks the rock during the drilling process. Vibration signal to realize the above lithology identification method.
此外，本发明还提供一种计算机存储介质，其特征在于，其中存储有可被处理器执行的计算机程序，该计算机程序在被处理器执行时实现上述岩性识别方法。In addition, the present invention also provides a computer storage medium, which is characterized in that a computer program executable by a processor is stored therein, and when the computer program is executed by the processor, the above-mentioned lithology identification method is implemented.
与现有技术相比，上述方案中的一个或多个实施例可以具有如下优点或有益效果：Compared with the prior art, one or more embodiments of the above solutions may have the following advantages or beneficial effects:
本发明提供的基于振动信号的岩性识别方法,利用随钻振动信号对钻遇地层岩性进行实时、高效地识别,岩性识别精度高,有利于快速识别钻井过程中地层变化，卡准层位界面，提高地层层位标定的准确性，具有非常高的实用价值。The lithology identification method based on the vibration signal provided by the present invention utilizes the vibration signal while drilling to identify the lithology of the stratum encountered in real time and efficiently, and the lithology identification accuracy is high, which is conducive to the rapid identification of the stratum change during the drilling process, and the alignment of the stratum. It can improve the accuracy of formation horizon calibration and has very high practical value.
本发明的其它特征和优点将在随后的说明书中阐述，并且部分地从说明书中变得显而易见，或者通过实施本发明而了解。本发明的目的和其他优点可通过在说明书、权利要求书以及附图中所特别指出的结构来实现和获得。Other features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the description which follows, and in part will be apparent from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. The objectives and other advantages of the invention may be realized and attained by the structure particularly pointed out in the description, claims and drawings.
附图说明Description of drawings
附图用来提供对本发明的进一步理解，并且构成说明书的一部分，与本发明的实施例共同用于解释本发明，并不构成对本发明的限制。在附图中：The accompanying drawings are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention, and constitute a part of the specification, and together with the embodiments of the present invention, are used to explain the present invention, and do not constitute a limitation to the present invention. In the attached image:
图1为本发明实施例一的基于随钻振动信号的岩性识别方法的步骤流程图；Fig. 1 is the step flow chart of the lithology identification method based on vibration-while-drilling signal according to the first embodiment of the present invention;
图2为本发明实施例三的基于随钻振动信号的岩性识别方法的步骤流程图；2 is a flow chart of steps of a method for lithology identification based on vibration-while-drilling signals according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention;
图3为本发明实施例三的提取的振动信号特征参数的示意图；3 is a schematic diagram of the extracted vibration signal characteristic parameters according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention;
图4(a)和(b)分别为本发明实施例三的利用本发明的方法识别的岩性和真实的岩性的比对示意图。Figures 4(a) and (b) are respectively schematic diagrams of comparison between the lithology identified by the method of the present invention and the real lithology according to the third embodiment of the present invention.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
以下将结合附图及实施例来详细说明本发明的实施方式，借此对本发明如何应用技术手段来解决技术问题，并达成技术效果的实现过程能充分理解并据以实施。需要说明的是，只要不构成冲突，本发明中的各个实施例以及各实施例中的各个特征可以相互结合，所形成的技术方案均在本发明的保护范围之内。The embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples, so as to fully understand and implement the implementation process of how the present invention applies technical means to solve technical problems and achieve technical effects. It should be noted that, as long as there is no conflict, each embodiment of the present invention and each feature of each embodiment can be combined with each other, and the formed technical solutions all fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
钻井过程中钻头破岩会引起钻柱的轴向、横向和扭转振动，这种振动携带了井下钻头所钻地层的信息。通过采集和分析钻井过程中钻头破岩振动信号，分析这种与岩性相关的钻头振动信号的敏感性参数，可以对钻遇地层岩性进行识别。因此，为解决现有技术中存在的上述技术问题，本发明提出了一种新的基于随钻振动信号的岩性识别技术。该技术是一种实时、低成本的岩性识别手段，有利于快速识别钻井过程中地层变化，卡准层位界面，提高地层层位标定的准确性，具有非常高的实用价值。During the drilling process, the drill bit will cause axial, lateral and torsional vibration of the drill string, and this vibration carries the information of the formation drilled by the downhole drill bit. By collecting and analyzing the rock-breaking vibration signal of the drill bit during the drilling process, and analyzing the sensitivity parameters of the drill bit vibration signal related to the lithology, the lithology of the stratum encountered can be identified. Therefore, in order to solve the above technical problems existing in the prior art, the present invention proposes a new lithology identification technology based on vibration-while-drilling signals. This technology is a real-time, low-cost lithology identification method, which is helpful for quickly identifying formation changes during drilling, aligning horizon interfaces, and improving the accuracy of formation horizon calibration, and has very high practical value.
下面结合具体实施例来说明本发明技术方案的工作原理。The working principle of the technical solution of the present invention will be described below with reference to specific embodiments.
实施例一Example 1
如图1所示，本实施例为了钻井过程中能够及时准确地掌握钻遇地层岩性情况，提供一种基于随钻振动信号的岩性识别方法，该方法主要包括以下步骤：As shown in FIG. 1 , in order to timely and accurately grasp the lithology of the stratum encountered during the drilling process, the present embodiment provides a lithology identification method based on vibration-while-drilling signals, and the method mainly includes the following steps:
S110，获取钻头在钻探工区的岩石样本时的振动信号样本，并从所述振动信号样本中提取信号特征参数；所述信号特征参数包括信号的对数能量以及信号滤波后的对数能量。S110: Acquire a vibration signal sample of the drill bit when drilling a rock sample in a work area, and extract a signal characteristic parameter from the vibration signal sample; the signal characteristic parameter includes the logarithmic energy of the signal and the filtered logarithmic energy of the signal.
S120，根据岩石样本的岩性与振动信号样本的信号特征参数之间的对应关系，建立工区的岩石岩性与钻头的振动信号的信号特征参数之间的概率分布关系模型。S120, according to the correspondence between the lithology of the rock sample and the signal characteristic parameter of the vibration signal sample, establish a probability distribution relationship model between the rock lithology of the work area and the signal characteristic parameter of the vibration signal of the drill bit.
S130，获取工区钻井过程中钻头破岩时产生的振动信号，并从所述振动信号中提取信号特征参数；S130, acquiring vibration signals generated when the drill bit breaks rock during drilling in the work area, and extracting signal characteristic parameters from the vibration signals;
S140，根据振动信号的信号特征参数，利用工区的岩石岩性与钻头的振动信号的信号特征参数之间的概率分布关系模型来推测钻头钻遇的工区地层的岩性。S140 , according to the signal characteristic parameters of the vibration signal, use a probability distribution relationship model between the rock lithology of the work area and the signal characteristic parameters of the vibration signal of the drill bit to infer the lithology of the formation in the work area drilled by the drill bit.
实施例二Embodiment 2
上述实施例一描述了本发明的技术方案的主体思想。即，为了钻井过程中能及时准确地掌握钻遇地层岩性情况，利用随钻振动信号对钻头钻遇的工区地层的岩性进行识别的方法。在实际工程应用中，多采用高斯混合概率模型来建立工区的岩石岩性与钻头的振动信号的信号特征参数之间的概率分布关系模型，然后,利用基于高斯型似然函数的贝叶斯估计来根据概率分布情况来反演出钻头所钻遇地层的岩性，主要的步骤流程如下：The first embodiment above describes the main idea of the technical solution of the present invention. That is, in order to timely and accurately grasp the lithology of the stratum encountered during the drilling process, the method of using the vibration signal while drilling to identify the lithology of the stratum in the work area encountered by the drill bit. In practical engineering applications, the Gaussian mixture probability model is often used to establish the probability distribution relationship model between the rock lithology of the work area and the signal characteristic parameters of the vibration signal of the drill bit. Then, the Bayesian estimation based on the Gaussian likelihood function is used. The main steps are as follows:
获取钻头在钻探工区的岩石样本时的振动信号样本，并从所述振动信号样本中提取信号特征参数；Obtaining vibration signal samples when the drill bit is drilling rock samples in the work area, and extracting signal characteristic parameters from the vibration signal samples;
S210，获取钻头在钻探工区的岩石样本时的振动信号样本，并从所述振动信号样本中提取信号特征参数；所述振动信号样本的信号特征参数包括信号的对数能量以及信号滤波后的对数能量。S210, acquiring vibration signal samples of the drill bit when drilling the rock samples in the work area, and extracting signal characteristic parameters from the vibration signal samples; the signal characteristic parameters of the vibration signal samples include the logarithmic energy of the signal and the filtered logarithmic energy of the signal. count energy.
在本实施例中，该步骤主要包括以下步骤；In this embodiment, this step mainly includes the following steps;
S211，对振动信号样本进行分帧处理；S211, performing frame-by-frame processing on the vibration signal samples;
S212，将各帧信号数据从时域转换到频域，确定各帧信号数据的频谱；S212, convert each frame of signal data from time domain to frequency domain, and determine the frequency spectrum of each frame of signal data;
S213，利用各帧信号数据的频谱计算各帧信号数据的对数能量以及各帧信号数据滤波后的对数能量。S213 , using the spectrum of each frame of signal data to calculate the logarithmic energy of each frame of signal data and the filtered logarithmic energy of each frame of signal data.
S220，根据岩石样本的岩性与振动信号样本的信号特征参数之间的对应关系，建立描述工区的岩石岩性与钻头的振动信号的信号特征参数之间的关系的概率分布关系模型。S220 , according to the correspondence between the lithology of the rock sample and the signal characteristic parameter of the vibration signal sample, establish a probability distribution relationship model describing the relationship between the rock lithology of the work area and the signal characteristic parameter of the vibration signal of the drill bit.
在本实施例中，该步骤主要包括以下步骤：In this embodiment, this step mainly includes the following steps:
基于岩石样本的岩性以及对应的振动信号样本的信号特征参数，确定对应于不同岩性的振动信号的信号特征参数的高斯概率分布，基于高斯概率分布建立描述工区的岩石岩性与钻头的振动信号的信号特征参数之间的关系的高斯混合概率模型。Based on the lithology of the rock samples and the signal characteristic parameters of the corresponding vibration signal samples, the Gaussian probability distribution of the signal characteristic parameters of the vibration signals corresponding to different lithologies is determined, and based on the Gaussian probability distribution, the rock lithology of the work area and the vibration of the drill bit are established. A Gaussian mixture probability model of the relationship between the signal characteristic parameters of the signal.
S230，获取工区钻井过程中钻头破岩时产生的振动信号，并从所述振动信号中提取信号特征参数；所述振动信号的信号特征参数同样包括信号的对数能量以及信号滤波后的对数能量。S230, acquire the vibration signal generated when the drill bit breaks the rock during the drilling process in the work area, and extract the signal characteristic parameter from the vibration signal; the signal characteristic parameter of the vibration signal also includes the logarithmic energy of the signal and the logarithm of the filtered signal energy.
同样地，该步骤主要包括以下步骤；Likewise, this step mainly includes the following steps;
S231，对振动信号进行分帧处理；S231, performing frame-by-frame processing on the vibration signal;
S232，将各帧信号数据从时域转换到频域，确定各帧信号数据的频谱；S232, convert each frame of signal data from time domain to frequency domain, and determine the frequency spectrum of each frame of signal data;
S233，利用各帧信号数据的频谱计算各帧信号数据的对数能量以及各帧信号数据滤波后的对数能量。S233, using the frequency spectrum of each frame of signal data to calculate the logarithmic energy of each frame of signal data and the filtered logarithmic energy of each frame of signal data.
S240，根据振动信号的信号特征参数，利用工区的岩石岩性与钻头的振动信号的信号特征参数之间的概率分布关系模型来推测钻头钻遇的工区地层的岩性。S240 , according to the signal characteristic parameters of the vibration signal, use a probability distribution relationship model between the rock lithology of the work area and the signal characteristic parameters of the vibration signal of the drill bit to infer the lithology of the formation in the work area drilled by the drill bit.
在本实施例中，该步骤主要包括以下步骤：In this embodiment, this step mainly includes the following steps:
根据振动信号的信号特征参数，利用工区的岩石岩性与钻头的振动信号的信号特征参数之间的高斯混合概率模型，根据下式，通过基于高斯型似然函数的贝叶斯估计的反演法来推测钻头所钻遇地层的岩性的概率：According to the signal characteristic parameters of the vibration signal, using the Gaussian mixture probability model between the rock lithology of the work area and the signal characteristic parameters of the vibration signal of the drill bit, according to the following formula, through the inversion of the Bayesian estimation based on the Gaussian likelihood function method to infer the probability of the lithology of the formation encountered by the drill bit:
其中，I为先验岩性信息；p(m|d,I)为岩性后验概率密度；p(m|I)为岩性先验概率密度；p(d|I)为归一化因子；L(m|d,I)为高斯型似然函数，表示参数为m时数据为d的概率；d代表信号特征参数；m为岩性参数；CT为数据测量误差的协方差矩阵；g(m)为岩性参数与信号特征参数之间的关系函数；Among them, I is the prior lithology information; p(m|d,I) is the lithology posterior probability density; p(m|I) is the lithology prior probability density; p(d|I) is the normalized factor; L(m|d,I) is a Gaussian likelihood function, representing the probability that the data is d when the parameter is m; d is the signal characteristic parameter; m is the lithology parameter; CT is the covariance matrix of the data measurement error ; g(m) is the relationship function between lithological parameters and signal characteristic parameters;
其中，概率最大的岩性即为钻头钻遇地层的岩性。Among them, the lithology with the highest probability is the lithology of the formation that the drill bit drills into.
实施例三Embodiment 3
下面进一步结合一工区的应用(附图2、3和4)来描述本发明的技术方案。在实际工程应用中，为了钻井过程中能及时准确地掌握钻遇地层岩性情况，利用随钻振动信号对钻头钻遇的工区地层的岩性进行识别，通过按照以下技术流程对钻井过程中在井口采集的振动信号进行处理，具体包括(附图2)：The technical solution of the present invention is further described below with reference to the application of a work area (Figs. 2, 3 and 4). In practical engineering applications, in order to timely and accurately grasp the lithology of the stratum encountered during the drilling process, the vibration signal while drilling is used to identify the lithology of the stratum in the work area encountered by the drill bit. The vibration signal collected by the wellhead is processed, which specifically includes (Fig. 2):
⑴振动信号采集；(1) Vibration signal collection;
⑵振动信号特征参数提取；(2) Extraction of characteristic parameters of vibration signal;
⑶振动信号特征参数分析；(3) Analysis of characteristic parameters of vibration signal;
⑷基于振动信号特征参数的岩性识别。(4) Lithology identification based on characteristic parameters of vibration signal.
在本实施例中，步骤(1)的内容包括：In this embodiment, the content of step (1) includes:
采集随钻振动信号。优选地，在正在实施钻井作业的井口周边布设宽频带的三分量速度检波器来采集钻井过程中钻头所产生振动信号。Acquire vibration-while-drilling signals. Preferably, a broadband three-component velocity detector is arranged around the wellhead where the drilling operation is being performed to collect vibration signals generated by the drill bit during the drilling process.
在本实施例中，步骤(2)的内容包括：In this embodiment, the content of step (2) includes:
从采集的随钻振动信号中提取对应的特征参数。具体步骤如下The corresponding characteristic parameters are extracted from the collected vibration-while-drilling signals. Specific steps are as follows
①先对随钻振动信号进行分帧处理。N个时间采样点集合成一个观测单位x(n),0≤n<N，称为一帧。相邻两帧之间重叠W个样点，W值通常为1/2N。① First, frame the vibration-while-drilling signal. N time sampling points are set to form an observation unit x(n), 0≤n<N, which is called a frame. W samples overlap between two adjacent frames, and the value of W is usually 1/2N.
②对每一帧数据进行快速傅里叶变换，计算频谱
③计算每一帧数据的对数能量e，计算式为
④将对数能量振幅谱通过一组滤波器组，计算通过滤波器组后的对数能量。优选地，滤波器组采用三角滤波器，选定一组中心频率fm,m＝1,2,...,M，三角滤波器频率响应为
滤波后对数能量的计算式为
⑤振动信号的特征参数包括每帧数据的对数能量e和滤波后对数能量s(m)。⑤ The characteristic parameters of the vibration signal include the logarithmic energy e of each frame of data and the filtered logarithmic energy s(m).
在本实施例中，步骤(3)的内容包括：In this embodiment, the content of step (3) includes:
本步骤中选取钻井工区的代表性岩石样品，提取岩石样品的振动信号的特征参数，并记录岩性。然后建立不同岩性的随钻振动信号的特征参数的概率分布，用于后续随钻振动信号的岩性识别。In this step, a representative rock sample of the drilling area is selected, the characteristic parameters of the vibration signal of the rock sample are extracted, and the lithology is recorded. Then, the probability distribution of characteristic parameters of vibration-while-drilling signals of different lithologies is established, which is used for subsequent lithology identification of vibration-while-drilling signals.
同实施例二，采用高斯混合概率模型表示不同岩性的随钻信号的特征参数的概率分布：With the second embodiment, the Gaussian mixture probability model is used to represent the probability distribution of the characteristic parameters of the DWD signals of different lithologies:
概率分布表示为K个高斯分布的加权和；其中，d为特征参数；m为岩性；K是高斯分布个数，πk为加权系数，
在本实施例中，步骤(4)的内容包括：In this embodiment, the content of step (4) includes:
本步骤中采用基于贝叶斯估计的反演方法来推测地层岩性。基于贝叶斯估计的岩性识别公式如下：In this step, the inversion method based on Bayesian estimation is used to infer the formation lithology. The lithology identification formula based on Bayesian estimation is as follows:
其中，I为先验岩性信息；p(m|d,I)为岩性后验概率密度；p(m|I)为岩性先验概率密度；p(d|I)为归一化因子；L(m|d,I)为高斯型似然函数，表示参数为m时数据为d的概率；d代表信号特征参数；m为岩性参数；CT为数据测量误差的协方差矩阵；g(m)为岩性参数与信号特征参数之间的关系函数；Among them, I is the prior lithology information; p(m|d,I) is the lithology posterior probability density; p(m|I) is the lithology prior probability density; p(d|I) is the normalized factor; L(m|d,I) is a Gaussian likelihood function, representing the probability that the data is d when the parameter is m; d is the signal characteristic parameter; m is the lithology parameter; CT is the covariance matrix of the data measurement error ; g(m) is the relationship function between lithological parameters and signal characteristic parameters;
在利用上式计算出不同岩性的概率后，其中概率最大的岩性即为钻头钻遇地层的岩性。After calculating the probabilities of different lithologies using the above formula, the lithology with the highest probability is the lithology of the formation encountered by the drill bit.
当然，在上述岩性识别过程中可以进一步结合岩屑录井资料及时调整和优化高斯似然函数，以提高反演结果可靠性。Of course, in the above lithology identification process, the Gaussian likelihood function can be adjusted and optimized in time in combination with the cuttings logging data to improve the reliability of the inversion results.
需要说明的是，本发明实施例的方法可以由单个设备执行，例如一台计算机或服务器等。本实施例的方法也可以应用于分布式场景下，由多台设备相互配合来完成。在这种分布式场景的情况下，这多台设备中的一台设备可以只执行本发明实施例的方法中的某一个或多个步骤，这多台设备相互之间会进行交互以完成所述的方法。It should be noted that, the method in this embodiment of the present invention may be executed by a single device, such as a computer or a server. The method in this embodiment can also be applied in a distributed scenario, and is completed by the cooperation of multiple devices. In the case of such a distributed scenario, one device among the multiple devices may only perform one or more steps in the method of the embodiment of the present invention, and the multiple devices will interact with each other to complete all the steps. method described.
实施例四Embodiment 4
为解决现有技术中存在的上述技术问题，本实施例提供了一种基于振动信号的岩性识别装置，其包括：In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problems existing in the prior art, the present embodiment provides a vibration signal-based lithology identification device, which includes:
样本获取模块，用于获取钻头钻探工区的岩石样本时的振动信号样本，并从所述振动信号样本中提取信号特征参数；a sample acquisition module, used for acquiring vibration signal samples when the drill bit is drilling rock samples in a work area, and extracting signal characteristic parameters from the vibration signal samples;
关系确定模块，用于通过分析岩石样本的岩性与振动信号样本的信号特征参数之间的对应关系，确定工区的岩石岩性与钻头的振动信号的信号特征参数之间的概率分布关系模型；The relationship determination module is used to determine the probability distribution relationship model between the rock lithology of the work area and the signal characteristic parameters of the vibration signal of the drill bit by analyzing the corresponding relationship between the lithology of the rock sample and the signal characteristic parameters of the vibration signal sample;
信号获取模块，用于获取工区钻井过程中钻头破岩时产生的振动信号，并从所述振动信号中提取信号特征参数；The signal acquisition module is used to acquire the vibration signal generated when the drill bit breaks the rock during the drilling process in the work area, and extract the signal characteristic parameters from the vibration signal;
岩性识别模块，用于根据振动信号的信号特征参数，利用工区的岩石岩性与钻头的振动信号的信号特征参数之间的概率分布关系模型来推测钻头所钻遇的工区地层的岩性。The lithology identification module is used to infer the lithology of the stratum in the work area drilled by the drill bit by using the probability distribution relationship model between the rock lithology of the work area and the signal characteristic parameters of the vibration signal of the drill bit according to the signal characteristic parameters of the vibration signal.
上述实施例的装置用于实现前述实施例中相应的方法，并且具有相应的方法实施例的有益效果，在此不再赘述。The apparatuses in the foregoing embodiments are used to implement the corresponding methods in the foregoing embodiments, and have the beneficial effects of the corresponding method embodiments, which will not be repeated here.
实施例五
此外，为解决现有技术中存在的上述技术问题，本发明实施例还提供了一种基于振动信号的岩性识别系统，其特征在于，包括：In addition, in order to solve the above-mentioned technical problems existing in the prior art, the embodiment of the present invention also provides a lithology identification system based on vibration signals, which is characterized in that, it includes:
信号采集装置，用于采集钻头钻探工区的岩石样本时的振动信号样本以及钻井过程中钻头破岩时产生的振动信号；The signal acquisition device is used to collect the vibration signal samples of the rock samples in the drilling area of the drill bit and the vibration signals generated when the drill bit breaks the rock during the drilling process;
存储器和处理器，所述处理器用于执行所述存储器中存储的计算机程序，以基于所述信号采集装置采集的钻头钻探工区的岩石样本时的振动信号样本以及钻井过程中钻头破岩时产生的振动信号，实现上述岩性识别方法。A memory and a processor, the processor is used to execute the computer program stored in the memory, to generate vibration signal samples when the drill bit drills the rock sample in the work area based on the signal acquisition device and the vibration signal sample generated when the drill bit breaks the rock during the drilling process. Vibration signal to realize the above lithology identification method.
实施例六
此外，为解决现有技术中存在的上述技术问题，本发明实施例还提供了一种计算机存储介质，其特征在于，其中存储有可被处理器执行的计算机程序，该计算机程序在被处理器执行时实现上述岩性识别方法。In addition, in order to solve the above technical problems existing in the prior art, an embodiment of the present invention further provides a computer storage medium, which is characterized in that a computer program executable by a processor is stored therein, and the computer program is executed by the processor. The above-mentioned lithology identification method is realized during execution.
可以理解的是，上述各实施例中相同或相似部分可以相互参考，在一些实施例中未详细说明的内容可以参见其他实施例中相同或相似的内容。It can be understood that, the same or similar parts in the above embodiments may refer to each other, and the content not described in detail in some embodiments may refer to the same or similar content in other embodiments.
流程图中或在此以其他方式描述的任何过程或方法描述可以被理解为，表示包括一个或更多个用于实现特定逻辑功能或过程的步骤的可执行指令的代码的模块、片段或部分，并且本发明的优选实施方式的范围包括另外的实现，其中可以不按所示出或讨论的顺序，包括根据所涉及的功能按基本同时的方式或按相反的顺序，来执行功能，这应被本发明的实施例所属技术领域的技术人员所理解。Any description of a process or method in the flowcharts or otherwise described herein may be understood to represent a module, segment or portion of code comprising one or more executable instructions for implementing a specified logical function or step of the process , and the scope of the preferred embodiments of the invention includes alternative implementations in which the functions may be performed out of the order shown or discussed, including performing the functions substantially concurrently or in the reverse order depending upon the functions involved, which should It is understood by those skilled in the art to which the embodiments of the present invention belong.
应当理解，本发明的各部分可以用硬件、软件、固件或它们的组合来实现。在上述实施方式中，多个步骤或方法可以用存储在存储器中且由合适的指令执行系统执行的软件或固件来实现。例如，如果用硬件来实现，和在另一实施方式中一样，可用本领域公知的下列技术中的任一项或他们的组合来实现：具有用于对数据信号实现逻辑功能的逻辑门电路的离散逻辑电路，具有合适的组合逻辑门电路的专用集成电路，可编程门阵列(PGA)，现场可编程门阵列(FPGA)等。It should be understood that various parts of the present invention may be implemented in hardware, software, firmware or a combination thereof. In the above-described embodiments, various steps or methods may be implemented in software or firmware stored in memory and executed by a suitable instruction execution system. For example, if implemented in hardware, as in another embodiment, it can be implemented by any one or a combination of the following techniques known in the art: Discrete logic circuits, application specific integrated circuits with suitable combinational logic gates, Programmable Gate Arrays (PGA), Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGA), etc.
本技术领域的普通技术人员可以理解实现上述实施例方法携带的全部或部分步骤是可以通过程序来指令相关的硬件完成，所述的程序可以存储于一种计算机可读存储介质中，该程序在执行时，包括方法实施例的步骤之一或其组合。Those of ordinary skill in the art can understand that all or part of the steps carried by the methods of the above embodiments can be completed by instructing the relevant hardware through a program, and the program can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium, and the program is stored in a computer-readable storage medium. When executed, one or a combination of the steps of the method embodiment is included.
此外，在本发明各个实施例中的各功能单元可以集成在一个处理模块中，也可以是各个单元单独物理存在，也可以两个或两个以上单元集成在一个模块中。上述集成的模块既可以采用硬件的形式实现，也可以采用软件功能模块的形式实现。所述集成的模块如果以软件功能模块的形式实现并作为独立的产品销售或使用时，也可以存储在一个计算机可读取存储介质中。In addition, each functional unit in each embodiment of the present invention may be integrated into one processing module, or each unit may exist physically alone, or two or more units may be integrated into one module. The above-mentioned integrated modules can be implemented in the form of hardware, and can also be implemented in the form of software function modules. If the integrated modules are implemented in the form of software functional modules and sold or used as independent products, they may also be stored in a computer-readable storage medium.
上述提到的存储介质可以是只读存储器，磁盘或光盘等。The above-mentioned storage medium may be a read-only memory, a magnetic disk or an optical disk, and the like.
在本说明书的描述中，参考术语“一个实施例”、“一些实施例”、“示例”、“具体示例”、或“一些示例”等的描述意指结合该实施例或示例描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点包含于本发明的至少一个实施例或示例中。在本说明书中，对上述术语的示意性表述不一定指的是相同的实施例或示例。而且，描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点可以在任何的一个或多个实施例或示例中以合适的方式结合。In the description of this specification, description with reference to the terms "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "example," "specific example," or "some examples", etc., mean specific features described in connection with the embodiment or example , structure, material or feature is included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, schematic representations of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.
虽然本发明所公开的实施方式如上，但所述的内容只是为了便于理解本发明而采用的实施方式，并非用以限定本发明。任何本发明所属技术领域内的技术人员，在不脱离本发明所公开的精神和范围的前提下，可以在实施的形式上及细节上作任何的修改与变化，但本发明的保护范围，仍须以所附的权利要求书所界定的范围为准。Although the disclosed embodiments of the present invention are as above, the content described is only an embodiment adopted to facilitate understanding of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any person skilled in the art to which the present invention belongs, without departing from the spirit and scope disclosed by the present invention, can make any modifications and changes in the form and details of the implementation, but the protection scope of the present invention is still The scope as defined by the appended claims shall prevail.
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