Encoding and decoding device and method for patrol information exchangeTechnical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of inspection management, in particular to a coding and decoding device and method for inspection information exchange.
Background
The current inspection system is mainly managed by adopting a mode of reading address code special equipment or a simple one-way scanning two-dimensional graphic code mode, inspection information is required to be recorded in a manual mode, and the system is complex in work, easy to make mistakes and easy to forge; when the system and the equipment to be inspected are connected in a wired or wireless way, the inspection management has management hidden trouble in the aspect of information safety and equipment safety; therefore, the existing inspection system is not only poor in safety, but also complex in operation and inconvenient to use, and influences daily working efficiency.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems and provide a coding and decoding device for patrol information exchange, which is reasonable in design and safe in use.
The invention aims to solve the problems and provides a coding and decoding method for patrol information exchange, which is reasonable in design and convenient to use.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme: the coding and decoding device for the inspection information exchange comprises a local device and a handheld mobile device, wherein the local device can read information of a field system or equipment through a network interface, the local device is arranged on a position or equipment to be inspected, the handheld mobile device is connected and communicated with the inspection system through a wireless network, signal output between the local device and the handheld mobile device is performed by a signal output device, and signal reading is performed by a signal reading device.
In the above-mentioned codec device for exchanging routing inspection information, the local device includes a PC end, a built-in screen, a camera, codec software, graphic code scanning and generating software, and a network communication interface, and the hand-held mobile device includes a mobile end, a built-in screen, a camera, codec software, graphic code scanning and generating software, and communication software, where the local device and the hand-held mobile device read information according to a regular graphic decoding identification method by the other party after graphic encoding a synchronization signal, a response signal, and information to be transmitted according to an encoding rule.
According to the above-mentioned coding and decoding device for patrol information exchange, a coding and decoding method for patrol information exchange is provided, and the method comprises the following steps:
s0, the local device and the handheld mobile device are mutually used for outputting and reading signals; before use, a user performs parameter configuration on a local device and a handheld mobile device, a digital modulation code is preset, the length of the digital modulation code is 16 bytes, the digital modulation code is recycled when the data to be modulated exceeds the length of the digital modulation code, a synchronous signal and a data block recombination method of the signal to be transmitted are preset in the device by the user, and a key and related parameters for encrypting and decrypting the data are preset;
s1, outputting signals; the signal output device is used for updating the signal output every 60 seconds;
S2, signal reading; is executed by the signal reading device, reads the output signal of the signal output device:
s3, the signal output device reads the response signal.
In the above coding and decoding method for exchanging routing inspection information, step S1 is mainly divided into the following steps:
S11, synchronous signal coding; starting the synchronous signal data with date and time, wherein the synchronous signal data comprises date and time, personnel ID, equipment ID, instructions, synchronous signals, online state, response error times, watermark verification and check codes, the watermark verification in the synchronous signals is CRC verification data of time watermarks in the encoding range of the synchronous signals, the CRC verification data is generated when the synchronous signals are formed, after the synchronous signals are formed, a data reorganization method is determined according to the date and time and the personnel ID according to a preset encoding rule, and the instructions, the synchronous signals, the online state, the response error times, the watermark verification and the check codes in the synchronous signal data are subjected to block reorganization to generate new synchronous signal data according to the method;
S12, encoding information to be transmitted; the method comprises the steps that data of information to be transmitted is formed according to a specified function, random data are filled when the length of the information to be transmitted is insufficient, the length of the information to be transmitted meets the number of parameters required by the specified function, watermark verification in the information to be transmitted is CRC (cyclic redundancy check) data of date and time watermarks in the range of the information to be transmitted, the information to be transmitted is required to be generated when the information to be transmitted is formed, the information to be transmitted at least comprises current date and time, personnel ID (identity), instructions and response error times, the information to be transmitted is subjected to data recombination and encryption according to preset rules, and encryption keys are allocated according to the personnel ID and date;
s13, the synchronous signals and the information to be transmitted are encoded to form data to be transmitted for digital modulation, namely the data to be transmitted are operated according to bytes and digital modulation codes;
S14, performing graphic coding according to the graphic coding and the watermark rule thereof, and displaying the coded graphic coding on a screen of the signal output device.
In the above coding and decoding method for exchanging routing inspection information, step S2 is mainly divided into the following steps:
S21, reading the graphic code; digital demodulation is carried out after decoding, graphic codes in a transmitting area of a signal output device are positioned and scanned through a camera lens of a signal reading device, the graphic codes are converted into data according to rules, decoding is carried out through a digital modulation code, and synchronous signal data and information data to be transmitted are obtained according to rules;
S22, reading the synchronous signal; reading date and time and personnel ID from the obtained data, obtaining equipment ID, instruction code, synchronous signal, online state, error response times, watermark verification and check code block reorganization method, performing data verification and data comparison on the instruction, synchronous signal, online state, watermark verification and synchronous signal, executing step S24 if judging that the synchronous signal data is correct, and stopping the reading step if the synchronous signal data is incorrect, and executing step S23;
S23, coding a failure response signal; performing block recombination, digital signal modulation and graphic coding on date and time, personnel ID, instructions, online state, response serial numbers, failure response signals and watermark verification according to preset coding rules, adding watermarks, displaying the graphic coding on a screen of a signal output device, and executing step S21;
S24, reading information to be transmitted; carrying out data recombination on the information data to be transmitted according to a preset coding rule from the obtained data, comparing the watermarks, distributing a decrypted key according to personnel ID and date, decrypting to obtain the information data to be transmitted, executing a step S26 if the decrypted key is correct, terminating a reading step when the data comparison is wrong, and executing a step S25;
S25, coding a failure response signal; combining the current date and time, personnel ID, instructions, online state, response serial number and failure response signals according to a preset coding rule, then carrying out block recombination, digital signal modulation and graphic coding, adding watermarks, displaying the graphic coding on a screen of a signal output device, outputting information to the signal output device, and carrying out step S21;
s26, device data processing and action execution; carrying out data processing and action execution on the read information data to be transmitted according to the instruction;
S27, coding response signals; according to the function instruction and the data processing result, the date and time, the personnel ID, the instruction, the online state, the response sequence number, the processing result signal and the watermark verification are combined according to a preset coding rule, then the block recombination, the digital signal modulation and the graphic coding are carried out, the watermark is added, the graphic coding is displayed on a screen of a signal output device, the signal output device outputs the processing result of successful reading and information reading, and the step S21 is carried out.
In the above coding and decoding method for exchanging routing inspection information, step S3 is mainly divided into the following steps:
S31, the signal output device reads the response signal code; performing block recombination, digital signal demodulation and graphic decoding on the read signal data according to a preset coding rule, reading watermark verification, personnel ID, instructions and response sequence numbers, performing data comparison, if the data comparison is wrong, performing step S32, if the data comparison is correct, performing step S12, and if the response signal coding is failed in step S23, performing step S12; if the failure response signal code is read in step S25, step S32 is executed;
S32, outputting fixed error codes on a screen of the signal output device and recording judging error events when the signal output device judges that the error times reach 3 times, performing step S12 after the program is locked for 3 hours, and locking the program in step S33 when the error times reach 9 times;
S33, according to the method of the step S12, the screen of the signal output device outputs fixed error codes.
In the above coding and decoding method for routing inspection information exchange, the graphic coding is coded according to the word unit, the tree structure is adopted, the trunk is vertical rectangle, the square graph represented by the data bit is the graphic length unit, the trunk width is1 unit, the trunk length is 6 units, other parts of the trunk are black squares, 2 unit graphs at the central position of the trunk are used for placing the date and time watermarks, the central position is a bit value of 2 units, wherein 1 is black, 0 is white, the central position is 2 units and represents a numerical value of 0, the branch is represented by a white bit graph, the central position is 2 units and represents a numerical value of 1, the left side of the branch is represented by a white graph, the right side of the branch is represented by a black graph, the central position is 2 units and represents a numerical value of 2, the left side of the branch is represented by a black bitmap, and the right side of the branch is represented by a white bit graph, the central position is 2 units and represents a numerical value of 3; each two bits of the word required to be encoded are represented by a branch pattern, the branch pattern is rectangular, the numerical value represented by two bit data is 0-4, the length of the corresponding branch pattern is 0-4 units, the branches are distributed on two sides of a trunk clockwise, and the distance between word encodings is 0.
In the above coding and decoding method for exchanging inspection information, the date and time are divided according to the length of two bits, each bit is sequentially placed into a word in a graphic coding center, the center position of each word is sequentially placed in the whole graphic code arrangement according to the word coding from left to right and from top to bottom, CRC (cyclic redundancy check) check is carried out on the placed time watermark data, the check value is used as a watermark data comparison value, the watermark data is placed into a synchronizing signal, a response signal and information to be transmitted according to the scope of the watermark, the central position is formed by 2 units and then the numerical value is 0 or 2, then the branch is represented by a white bit graphic, the central position is formed by 2 units and then the numerical value is 1 or 3, and then the branch is represented by a black graphic.
In the above coding and decoding method for patrol information exchange, the synchronizing signal and response signal reorganizing method is stored in an array with 43200 elements, the information data block reorganizing method is independently placed in an array with 43200 elements, the reorganizing method is taken once according to the sequence every minute, and 30 days later, the information data block reorganizing method is recycled; the configuration of the index initial address A in the array corresponding to each personnel ID is different, the array address offset B is obtained through the calculation of the date and time according to minutes, the element positions of the array are obtained by the A+B, and the data block reorganization method corresponding to the current date and time is obtained;
In the above coding and decoding method for exchanging routing inspection information, the data to be segmented is two bytes, i.e. the 16 bits are 1 row long and are transversely arranged, a data block is formed in the longitudinal direction of the data, i.e. the data is divided into 16 blocks, the numbers 0 to 15, the starting address of the array of the reorganization method is obtained according to different personnel IDs, the offset address of the reorganization method is calculated according to the date and time, then the reorganization method value is taken out from the array, the method value is 16 bits of data, 4 values which are greater than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 15 can be obtained according to the 4 bits of length, the 4 values represent the data block number to be reorganized and exchanged, the 4 values are divided into 2 pairs, and each pair of two data block numbers indicate the data block to be exchanged and reorganized; the signal output device and the signal reading device are provided with an encryption key array and a decryption key array which are mutually corresponding and are used for encryption and decryption in the information exchange process; the key array length of the encryption and decryption key array is 8640, namely 1 time of replacement is performed in each hour, the key array is recycled, a personnel ID obtains a starting address A of the key array configured by a user during encryption and decryption, the personnel ID obtains an address increment method of the key array configured by the user, the method value is composed of two bytes, the 1 st byte is an address multiplier factor B, the value range is 1-3, the 2 nd byte is a re-offset address C, the value range is 0-15, the address offset D is calculated by a date, the address offset E is calculated by a time of the day, and the calculation method of the key address is as follows: a+d+e×b+c.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
1. For information security, the information system and equipment to be patrolled and examined are in a physical isolation state with the Internet, a mobile phone network, WIFI and the like, namely, the information system and equipment to be patrolled and examined have no wired and wireless communication;
2. Dynamically updating and checking the graphic code, so that counterfeit behaviors of the inspection information are effectively avoided;
3. The local device can read in advance according to the setting through the network interface, provide necessary information content for automatic inspection, reduce manual recording operation;
4. the access control or automatic login function is realized through device interaction.
5. The handheld mobile device is connected through the mobile phone network, and the inspection content is automatically transmitted to the inspection system, so that the handheld mobile device is convenient to carry out operations such as authorization, cancellation and the like.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of the structure of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a graphic encoding and watermark encoding structure in the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an example of graphics encoding and watermark encoding in the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a data partitioning and reorganizing method in the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a key selection method for encryption and decryption in the present invention;
Fig. 6 is a flowchart of a graphic encoding and decoding method in the present invention.
In fig. 1, 6 denotes a handheld mobile device, 13 denotes a local device, 14 denotes a communication interface for 13 reading local other equipment information, 7 denotes a wireless connection between 6 and a patrol system, 15 denotes a visual reading range of a screen 9 of a camera 1 to 13 of 6, 16 denotes a visual reading range of a screen 2 of a camera 8 to 6 of 13, 6 is composed of a camera 1, a screen 2, a scanning decoding module 3, a coding module 4 and a wireless communication module 5, and 13 is composed of a camera 8, a screen 9, a scanning decoding module 10, a coding module 11 and a communication module 12.
In fig. 2, 10, 11 are used for word positioning, 5 are watermark data positions, and 1, 2,3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9 are encoding positions for word values.
In fig. 3, a, b, c, d is a graph coding rule for graphically coding the same value according to watermark data.
In fig. 4, 8 is a specific word array of information, 1,2, 3, and 4 are specific data words, 9 is data after block reorganization, 1,2, 3, and 4 are converted data words, 5 is a word array stored by an ID and date and time parameter reading and inputting method, 7 is a data block reorganizing method, 6 is a data block and reorganizing module, 6 reads 5 parameters from 7 by calculation, 6 reads data from 8 by 10 when information output is needed, 9 blocks and reorganizes data by 11 are output for output, 6 reads data from received data 9 by 12 when information read input is performed, and original data 8 is restored by 13.
In fig. 5, 12 is encryption key selection of an information output device, 13 is decryption key selection of an information reading device, 4 is an encryption processing module, 1 is data to be encrypted, 2 is address increment method value of a key corresponding to a personnel ID, 6 is signal output and reading process after encryption, 13 reads the encrypted data, 9 is decryption processing module obtains the personnel ID from 8, date and time, obtains address increment method value of the key corresponding to the personnel ID from 7, obtains key array index value corresponding to the decryption key through 9 operation, and thus obtains decryption data 11.
In fig. 6, S0, S11, S12, S13, S14, S2, S21, S22, S23, S24, S25, S26, S27, S3, S31S 32, S33 are flow schematic block diagrams of the respective steps.
Detailed Description
The invention will be described in further detail with reference to the drawings and the detailed description.
As shown in fig. 1, the codec device for patrol information exchange includes a local device capable of reading information of a field system or equipment through a network interface, and a handheld mobile device, wherein the local device is installed on a location or equipment to be patrol, the handheld mobile device is connected and communicated with the patrol system through a wireless network, and signal output between the local device 13 and the handheld mobile device is performed by a signal output device, and signal reading is performed by a signal reading device.
The local device comprises a PC end, a built-in screen, a camera, coding and decoding software, graphic code scanning and generating software and a network communication interface, the handheld mobile device comprises a mobile end, a built-in screen, a camera, coding and decoding software, graphic code scanning and generating software and communication software, and information is read by the other party according to a regular graphic decoding and identifying method after graphic coding is carried out on synchronous signals, response signals and information to be transmitted according to coding rules between the local device and the handheld mobile device.
As shown in fig. 2-6, a coding and decoding method for exchanging routing inspection information includes the following steps:
S0, the local device and the handheld mobile device are mutually used for outputting and reading signals; before use, the user configures parameters of the local device and the handheld mobile device. Presetting a digital modulation code, wherein the length of the digital modulation code is 16 bytes, circularly using the digital modulation code when the length of the data to be modulated exceeds that of the digital modulation code, presetting a synchronous signal and a data block recombination method of the signal to be transmitted in the device by a user, and presetting a key for encrypting and decrypting the data and related parameters;
s1, outputting signals; the signal output device is used for updating the signal output every 60 seconds;
S2, signal reading; is executed by the signal reading device, reads the output signal of the signal output device:
s3, the signal output device reads the response signal.
The step S1 is mainly divided into the following steps:
S11, synchronous signal coding; starting the synchronous signal data with date and time, wherein the synchronous signal data comprises date and time, personnel ID, equipment ID, instructions, synchronous signals, online state, response error times, watermark verification and check codes, the watermark verification in the synchronous signals is CRC verification data of time watermarks in the encoding range of the synchronous signals, the CRC verification data is generated when the synchronous signals are formed, after the synchronous signals are formed, a data reorganization method is determined according to the date and time and the personnel ID according to a preset encoding rule, and the instructions, the synchronous signals, the online state, the response error times, the watermark verification and the check codes in the synchronous signal data are subjected to block reorganization to generate new synchronous signal data according to the method;
S12, encoding information to be transmitted; the method comprises the steps that data of information to be transmitted is formed according to a specified function, random data are filled when the length of the information to be transmitted is insufficient, the length of the information to be transmitted meets the number of parameters required by the specified function, watermark verification in the information to be transmitted is CRC (cyclic redundancy check) data of date and time watermarks in the range of the information to be transmitted, the information to be transmitted is required to be generated when the information to be transmitted is formed, the information to be transmitted at least comprises current date and time, personnel ID (identity), instructions and response error times, the information to be transmitted is subjected to data recombination and encryption according to preset rules, and encryption keys are allocated according to the personnel ID and date;
s13, the synchronous signals and the information to be transmitted are encoded to form data to be transmitted for digital modulation, namely the data to be transmitted are operated according to bytes and digital modulation codes;
S14, performing graphic coding according to the graphic coding and the watermark rule thereof, and displaying the coded graphic coding on a screen of the signal output device.
Specifically, the step S2 is mainly divided into the following steps:
S21, reading the graphic code; digital demodulation is carried out after decoding, graphic codes in a transmitting area of a signal output device are positioned and scanned through a camera lens of a signal reading device, the graphic codes are converted into data according to rules, decoding is carried out through a digital modulation code, and synchronous signal data and information data to be transmitted are obtained according to rules;
S22, reading the synchronous signal; reading date and time and personnel ID from the obtained data, obtaining equipment ID, instruction code, synchronous signal, online state, error response times, watermark verification and check code block reorganization method, performing data verification and data comparison on the instruction, synchronous signal, online state, watermark verification and synchronous signal, executing step S24 if judging that the synchronous signal data is correct, and stopping the reading step if the synchronous signal data is incorrect, and executing step S23;
S23, coding a failure response signal; performing block recombination, digital signal modulation and graphic coding on date and time, personnel ID, instructions, online state, response serial numbers, failure response signals and watermark verification according to preset coding rules, adding watermarks, displaying the graphic coding on a screen of a signal output device, and executing step S21;
S24, reading information to be transmitted; carrying out data recombination on the information data to be transmitted according to a preset coding rule from the obtained data, comparing the watermarks, distributing a decrypted key according to personnel ID and date, decrypting to obtain the information data to be transmitted, executing a step S26 if the decrypted key is correct, terminating a reading step when the data comparison is wrong, and executing a step S25;
S25, coding a failure response signal; combining the current date and time, personnel ID, instructions, online state, response serial number and failure response signals according to a preset coding rule, then carrying out block recombination, digital signal modulation and graphic coding, adding watermarks, displaying the graphic coding on a screen of a signal output device, outputting information to the signal output device, and carrying out step S21;
s26, device data processing and action execution; carrying out data processing and action execution on the read information data to be transmitted according to the instruction;
S27, coding response signals; according to the function instruction and the data processing result, the date and time, the personnel ID, the instruction, the online state, the response sequence number, the processing result signal and the watermark verification are combined according to a preset coding rule, then the block recombination, the digital signal modulation and the graphic coding are carried out, the watermark is added, the graphic coding is displayed on a screen of a signal output device, the signal output device outputs the processing result of successful reading and information reading, and the step S21 is carried out.
In detail, the step S3 is mainly divided into the following steps:
S31, the signal output device reads the response signal code; performing block recombination, digital signal demodulation and graphic decoding on the read signal data according to a preset coding rule, reading watermark verification, personnel ID, instructions and response sequence numbers, performing data comparison, if the data comparison is wrong, performing step S32, if the data comparison is correct, performing step S11, and if the response signal coding is failed in step S23, performing step S11; if the failure response signal code is read in step S25, step S32 is executed;
s32, outputting fixed error codes on a screen of the signal output device and recording judging error events when the signal output device judges that the error times reach 3 times, performing step S11 after the program is locked for 3 hours, and locking the program in step S33 when the error times reach 9 times;
S33, according to the method of the step S11, the screen of the signal output device outputs fixed error codes.
More specifically, the graphic coding is coded according to a word unit, a tree structure is adopted, a trunk is a vertical rectangle, a square graphic represented by a data bit is a graphic length unit, the trunk width is 1 unit, the trunk length is 6 units, other parts of the trunk are black squares, 2 unit graphics at the central position of the trunk are used for placing a date and time watermark, the central position is a bit value of 2 units, wherein 1 is black, 0 is white, the central position is represented by a white bit graphic after 2 units are combined, the branch is represented by a white graphic after 2 units are combined, the central position is represented by a 1 after 2 units are combined, the left side of the branch is marked by a white graphic, the right side is represented by a black graphic, the central position is represented by 2 units and then the left side of the branch is represented by a black bitmap, the right side is represented by a white bit graphic, the central position is represented by a 3 after 2 units are combined, and the branch is represented by a black graphic; each two bits of the word required to be encoded are represented by a branch pattern, the branch pattern is rectangular, the numerical value represented by two bit data is 0-4, the length of the corresponding branch pattern is 0-4 units, the branches are distributed on two sides of a trunk clockwise, and the distance between word encodings is 0.
Further, the date and time are divided according to the unit of two-bit length, each bit is sequentially put into a character in a graphic coding center, the center position of each character is sequentially put into the whole graphic code arrangement according to character coding from left to right and from top to bottom, CRC check is carried out on the put time watermark data, a check value is used as a watermark data comparison value, the watermark data is put into a synchronous signal, a response signal and information to be transmitted according to the range of the watermark, comparison is carried out, the central position is composed of 2 units and then the numerical value is 0 or 2, then the branch is represented by a white-bit graphic, the central position is composed of 2 units and then the numerical value is 1 or 3, and then the branch is represented by a black graphic.
Preferably, the synchronous signal and response signal reorganization method is stored in an array with 43200 elements, the information data block reorganization method is independently placed in an array with 43200 elements, the reorganization method is taken once according to the sequence every minute, and the information data block reorganization method is recycled after 30 days; the configuration of the index initial address A in the array corresponding to each personnel ID is different, the array address offset B is obtained through the calculation of the date and time according to minutes, the element positions of the array are obtained by the A+B, and the data block reorganization method corresponding to the current date and time is obtained;
Further, the data to be segmented is two bytes, namely, the data with the length of 16 bits is 1, the data is transversely arranged, a data block is formed in the longitudinal direction, namely, the data is divided into 16 blocks, the numbers 0 to 15 are respectively, the starting address of the recombination method array is obtained according to different personnel IDs, the offset address of the recombination method is obtained through the calculation of the date and time, then the recombination method value is taken out of the array, the method value is 16 bits of data, 4 values which are greater than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 15 can be obtained according to the length of 4 bits, the 4 values represent the number of the data blocks to be recombined and exchanged, the 4 values are divided into 2 pairs, and each pair of two data block numbers indicate the data blocks to be exchanged and recombined; the signal output device and the signal reading device are provided with an encryption key array and a decryption key array which are mutually corresponding and are used for encryption and decryption in the information exchange process; the key array length of the encryption and decryption key array is 8640, namely 1 time of replacement is performed in each hour, the key array is recycled, a personnel ID obtains a starting address A of the key array configured by a user during encryption and decryption, the personnel ID obtains an address increment method of the key array configured by the user, the method value is composed of two bytes, the 1 st byte is an address multiplier factor B, the value range is 1-3, the 2 nd byte is a re-offset address C, the value range is 0-15, the address offset D is calculated by a date, the address offset E is calculated by a time of the day, and the calculation method of the key address is as follows: a+d+e×b+c.
In summary, the principle of this embodiment is as follows: after the local device reads the information to be detected, the information to be detected is subjected to graphic coding and display according to rules and steps thereof, the handheld mobile device reads the information to be detected through scanning and decoding according to rules and steps thereof, and response feedback of the information reading and processing result state can be performed, so that the local device can perform next operation of the information to be transmitted; when the patrol area is provided with the entrance guard, the local device can replace the entrance guard identification equipment, the handheld mobile device carries out response feedback after identifying the entrance guard and sends door opening action request information, and the local device sends door opening information to the gate equipment through the network interface after scanning and identification; when the inspection area needs manual operation, the local device can replace input equipment, after the handheld mobile decoration sends login information through recognition and response feedback, the local device automatically logs in to a local system or equipment through a network interface after scanning and recognition, and then operates, so that complicated login operation and memory of login passwords are avoided, and the operation is convenient and the safety is good.
The specific embodiments described herein are offered by way of example only to illustrate the spirit of the invention. Those skilled in the art may make various modifications or additions to the described embodiments or substitutions thereof without departing from the spirit of the invention or exceeding the scope of the invention as defined in the accompanying claims.