技术领域Technical Field
本发明涉及海洋深水钻探技术领域，特别涉及一种深水气侵模拟实验装置及气侵判断方法。The present invention relates to the technical field of deep-water ocean drilling, and in particular to a deep-water gas invasion simulation experimental device and a gas invasion judgment method.
背景技术Background Art
为了增加海洋油气的勘探开发区域面积，寻求更多的油气发现，海洋石油的勘探与开发作业也逐渐由浅海近海区域转向深海远海区域。海洋深水钻井，一般指海上作业水深超过900米的钻井。目前，海洋深水钻完井作业面临的一大问题即为深水带来的井控问题。深水作业相对于陆地、浅水作业气侵情况发现的更慢，井控难度更高。In order to increase the area of marine oil and gas exploration and development and seek more oil and gas discoveries, the exploration and development of marine oil has gradually shifted from shallow offshore areas to deep offshore areas. Marine deepwater drilling generally refers to drilling at a depth of more than 900 meters. At present, a major problem facing marine deepwater drilling and completion operations is the well control problem brought about by deep water. Compared with land and shallow water operations, deepwater operations are slower to detect gas invasion and more difficult to control.
气侵是在深海钻井过程中尤为棘手的问题。及时的气侵监测可为深水现场井控作业提供大量的安全时间余量，为现场挽回甚至是避免大量的经济、人员的损失。而当前现场的气侵监测常常无法为井控作业提供保障，气侵监测严重滞后。Gas invasion is a particularly thorny problem in deep-sea drilling. Timely gas invasion monitoring can provide a large amount of safety time margin for deepwater on-site well control operations, saving or even avoiding a large amount of economic and personnel losses on site. However, current on-site gas invasion monitoring often fails to provide protection for well control operations, and gas invasion monitoring is seriously lagging behind.
由于气体有压缩和膨胀的特性，气体侵入钻井液后，在井底时因受上部液柱的压力影响，气体体积很小；随着钻井液循环上返，气体上升速度越来越大，气体所受液柱压力也会逐渐减小，气体体积就逐渐膨胀增大；特别是气体接近地面时气体膨胀就很快增大。因此，即使返到地面的钻井液气侵很厉害，形成很多气泡，密度降低很多，但钻井液柱压力减小的绝对值仍是很小的。举例而言，即使地面气侵钻井液密度只有原钻井液密度的一半，钻井液柱压力减小值也未超过0.4Mpa。Since gas has the characteristics of compression and expansion, after gas invades the drilling fluid, the gas volume is very small at the bottom of the well due to the pressure of the upper liquid column; as the drilling fluid circulates upward, the gas rises faster and faster, the liquid column pressure on the gas will gradually decrease, and the gas volume will gradually expand and increase; especially when the gas is close to the ground, the gas expansion increases rapidly. Therefore, even if the drilling fluid returned to the ground is severely invaded by gas, forming many bubbles and the density is greatly reduced, the absolute value of the reduction in drilling fluid column pressure is still very small. For example, even if the density of the ground gas-invaded drilling fluid is only half of the original drilling fluid density, the reduction in drilling fluid column pressure does not exceed 0.4Mpa.
在钻井过程中，若无法有效监测到气侵并采取有效的除气措施，就会反复将气侵钻井液泵入井内，使钻井液气侵的程度更加严重，造成井底压力不断降低，就有出现溢流或井喷的危险。During the drilling process, if gas invasion cannot be effectively monitored and effective degassing measures cannot be taken, the gas-invaded drilling fluid will be repeatedly pumped into the well, making the degree of gas invasion of the drilling fluid more serious, causing the bottom hole pressure to continue to decrease, and there is a risk of overflow or blowout.
综上，为了保证深水油气田安全开发，急需开展不同水深的深水油气田气侵模拟实验，确定深水油气田气侵时井筒内的流动模式，为深水井钻井安全控制提供参考。In summary, in order to ensure the safe development of deepwater oil and gas fields, it is urgent to carry out gas invasion simulation experiments in deepwater oil and gas fields at different water depths to determine the flow pattern in the wellbore during gas invasion in deepwater oil and gas fields, and provide a reference for the safety control of deepwater well drilling.
发明内容Summary of the invention
本发明的目的是提供一种深水气侵模拟实验装置及气侵判断方法，能进行不同水深的深水气侵模拟实验，能准确识别气侵，并确定深水油气田气侵时井筒内的流动模式，为深水井钻井安全控制提供参考。The purpose of the present invention is to provide a deepwater gas invasion simulation experiment device and a gas invasion judgment method, which can carry out deepwater gas invasion simulation experiments at different water depths, accurately identify gas invasion, and determine the flow pattern in the wellbore during gas invasion of deepwater oil and gas fields, so as to provide a reference for deepwater well drilling safety control.
本发明实施方式中的具体技术方案是：The specific technical solution in the implementation manner of the present invention is:
一种深水气侵模拟实验装置，包括：容纳池，用于容纳钻井液；注入管汇，其一端伸入所述容纳池中；所述注入管汇中设置有注液流量检测件；循环泵，设置在所述注入管汇中，用于将所述容纳池中的钻井液向外泵出提供动力；模拟钻杆，所述模拟钻杆的上端与所述注入管汇相连通；模拟隔水管，所述模拟隔水管套设在所述模拟钻杆的外部，所述模拟钻杆与所述模拟隔水管之间形成第一环形间隙；模拟井筒，所述模拟井筒套设在所述模拟钻杆的外部，所述模拟井筒上端与所述模拟隔水管的下端密封连接，所述模拟井筒与所述模拟钻杆之间形成第二环形间隙，所述模拟隔水管、模拟井筒中至少一个能沿着轴向改变长度；流量检测组件，至少包括：设置在靠近所述模拟隔水管下端和靠近所述模拟井筒下端的流量计；气体管汇，所述气体管汇的一端与所述模拟钻杆的下端相连通，另一端连接有气源，所述气体管汇设置有开关阀和气体流量检测件。A deepwater gas invasion simulation experimental device, comprising: a holding tank for holding drilling fluid; an injection manifold, one end of which extends into the holding tank; an injection flow detection component is provided in the injection manifold; a circulating pump, arranged in the injection manifold, for pumping the drilling fluid in the holding tank outward to provide power; a simulated drill pipe, the upper end of which is connected to the injection manifold; a simulated watertight pipe, which is sleeved on the outside of the simulated drill pipe, and a first annular gap is formed between the simulated drill pipe and the simulated watertight pipe; a simulated wellbore, the simulated wellbore It is sleeved on the outside of the simulated drill pipe, the upper end of the simulated wellbore is sealed and connected to the lower end of the simulated watertight pipe, a second annular gap is formed between the simulated wellbore and the simulated drill pipe, and at least one of the simulated watertight pipe and the simulated wellbore can change its length along the axial direction; a flow detection component, at least comprising: a flow meter arranged near the lower end of the simulated watertight pipe and near the lower end of the simulated wellbore; a gas manifold, one end of the gas manifold is connected to the lower end of the simulated drill pipe, and the other end is connected to the gas source, and the gas manifold is provided with a switch valve and a gas flow detection component.
在一个优选的实施方式中，所述模拟隔水管包括相套接的第一模拟子隔水管和第二模拟子隔水管，所述第一模拟子隔水管和所述第二模拟子隔水管沿着轴向的重叠位置设置有第一密封件，所述第一密封件上设置有第一固定件，所述第一模拟子隔水管与所述第二模拟子隔水管能沿着轴向相对移动。In a preferred embodiment, the simulated watertight pipe includes a first simulated sub-rise pipe and a second simulated sub-rise pipe which are socketed with each other, and a first sealing member is provided at an overlapping position of the first simulated sub-rise pipe and the second simulated sub-rise pipe along the axial direction, and a first fixing member is provided on the first sealing member, and the first simulated sub-rise pipe and the second simulated sub-rise pipe can move relative to each other along the axial direction.
在一个优选的实施方式中，所述模拟井筒包括相套接的第一模拟子井筒和第二模拟子井筒，所述第一模拟子井筒和所述第二模拟子井筒沿着轴向的重叠位置设置有第二密封件，所述第二密封件上设置有第二固定件，所述第一模拟子井筒与所述第二模拟子井筒能沿着轴向相对移动。In a preferred embodiment, the simulated wellbore includes a first simulated sub-wellbore and a second simulated sub-wellbore that are connected to each other, and a second seal is provided at the overlapping position of the first simulated sub-wellbore and the second simulated sub-wellbore along the axial direction, and a second fixing member is provided on the second seal, and the first simulated sub-wellbore and the second simulated sub-wellbore can move relative to each other along the axial direction.
在一个优选的实施方式中，所述模拟隔水管的管壁呈波纹状，形成可伸缩管。In a preferred embodiment, the wall of the simulated watertight pipe is corrugated to form a telescopic tube.
在一个优选的实施方式中，所述模拟隔水管、所述模拟井筒由透明材质制成，所述深水气侵模拟实验装置还包括：图像获取设备，与所述图像获取设备电性连接的控制器。In a preferred embodiment, the simulated watertight pipe and the simulated wellbore are made of transparent materials, and the deep-water gas invasion simulation experimental device further includes: an image acquisition device and a controller electrically connected to the image acquisition device.
在一个优选的实施方式中，所述深水气侵模拟实验装置还包括返出管汇，所述模拟隔水管靠近上端处设置有出口，所述返出管汇的一端连接至所述出口，另一端连接至所述容纳池。In a preferred embodiment, the deep-water gas intrusion simulation experimental device also includes a return manifold, and the simulated watertight pipe is provided with an outlet near the upper end, one end of the return manifold is connected to the outlet, and the other end is connected to the holding tank.
在一个优选的实施方式中，所述返出管汇中还设置有气液分离装置。In a preferred embodiment, a gas-liquid separation device is also provided in the return manifold.
在一个优选的实施方式中，所述流量检测组件包括用于监测模拟隔水管下端的第一超声波检测件、用于监测模拟隔水管上端的第二超声波检测件、用于监测注入管汇流量的第三超声波检测件、用于监测模拟井筒上端的第四超声波检测件，用于监测模拟井筒下端的第五超声波检测件，所述气体流量检测件为设置在气体管汇中的第六超声波检测件。In a preferred embodiment, the flow detection assembly includes a first ultrasonic detection component for monitoring the lower end of the simulated watertight pipe, a second ultrasonic detection component for monitoring the upper end of the simulated watertight pipe, a third ultrasonic detection component for monitoring the injection manifold flow, a fourth ultrasonic detection component for monitoring the upper end of the simulated wellbore, and a fifth ultrasonic detection component for monitoring the lower end of the simulated wellbore. The gas flow detection component is a sixth ultrasonic detection component arranged in the gas manifold.
一种深水气侵模拟实验装置的气侵判断方法，所述方法包括：A method for judging gas intrusion in a deep-water gas intrusion simulation experimental device, the method comprising:
调节好井深与隔水管长度，打开钻井液循环泵，使整个管路与深水气侵模拟实验充满钻井液；Adjust the well depth and riser length, turn on the drilling fluid circulation pump, and fill the entire pipeline and deepwater gas invasion simulation experiment with drilling fluid;
待循环稳定后，记录第三超声波流量计的数据，打开开关阀，监测第六超声波流量计，释放a L的气体，然后关闭开关阀；After the cycle is stable, record the data of the third ultrasonic flowmeter, open the switch valve, monitor the sixth ultrasonic flowmeter, release a L of gas, and then close the switch valve;
监测第一超声波流量计、第二超声波流量计、第四超声波流量计和第五超声波流量计的数据；Monitoring data of a first ultrasonic flow meter, a second ultrasonic flow meter, a fourth ultrasonic flow meter, and a fifth ultrasonic flow meter;
基于所述超声波流量计的流量判断总溢流量是否大于或等于预设值，当满足条件时，判断在预定时长内，总溢流量是否大于或等于预设值，如果判断结果为是，则判断出目前已经出现气侵，需要关井。Based on the flow rate of the ultrasonic flowmeter, it is determined whether the total overflow is greater than or equal to a preset value. When the condition is met, it is determined whether the total overflow is greater than or equal to the preset value within a predetermined time period. If the judgment result is yes, it is determined that gas invasion has occurred and the well needs to be shut down.
在一个优选的实施方式中，所述总溢流量QY通过下述公式确定：In a preferred embodiment, the total overflow amount QY is determined by the following formula:
QY＝Av(1-Eg)△t-q0△tQY =Av(1-Eg )△tq0 △t
其中，A为环空横截面积，m2；v为管流测得的流速，通过第三超声波流量计测得，m/s；Eg为截面含气率，％；Δt为时间增量，s；q0为泵的流量；QY为Δt时间内溢流的增量；ρg为气体密度，g/cm3；ρl为液体密度，g/cm3；vl为流体流速，通过第一超声波流量计、第二超声波流量计、第四超声波流量计和第五超声波流量计测得，m/s；vg为气体流速，通过第六超声波流量计测得，m/s。Wherein, A is the cross-sectional area of the annulus,m2 ; v is the flow velocity measured by the pipe flow, measured by the third ultrasonic flowmeter, m/s;Eg is the gas content of the section, %; Δt is the time increment, s;q0 is the flow rate of the pump;QY is the overflow increment within the Δt time;ρg is the gas density, g/cm3 ;ρl is the liquid density, g/cm3 ;vl is the fluid flow rate, measured by the first ultrasonic flowmeter, the second ultrasonic flowmeter, the fourth ultrasonic flowmeter and the fifth ultrasonic flowmeter, m/s;vg is the gas flow rate, measured by the sixth ultrasonic flowmeter, m/s.
在一个优选的实施方式中，所述方法包括还包括：当总溢流量小于预设值是，以aL作为递增的释放气体量，重复上述判断过程。In a preferred embodiment, the method further includes: when the total overflow amount is less than a preset value, taking aL as the incremental released gas amount, repeating the above judgment process.
一种深水气侵模拟实验装置的气侵判断方法，所述方法包括：A method for judging gas intrusion in a deep-water gas intrusion simulation experimental device, the method comprising:
调节好井深与隔水管长度，打开钻井液循环泵，使整个管路与深水气侵模拟实验充满钻井液；Adjust the well depth and riser length, turn on the drilling fluid circulation pump, and fill the entire pipeline and deepwater gas invasion simulation experiment with drilling fluid;
待循环稳定后，记录第三超声波流量计的数据，打开开关阀，监测第六超声波流量计，以预定速度充入气体；After the circulation is stable, record the data of the third ultrasonic flow meter, open the switch valve, monitor the sixth ultrasonic flow meter, and fill the gas at a predetermined speed;
监测第一超声波流量计、第二超声波流量计、第四超声波流量计和第五超声波流量计的数据；Monitoring data of a first ultrasonic flow meter, a second ultrasonic flow meter, a fourth ultrasonic flow meter, and a fifth ultrasonic flow meter;
基于所述超声波流量计的流量判断总溢流量是否大于或等于预设值，当满足条件时，判断在预定时长内，总溢流量是否大于或等于预设值，如果判断结果为是，则判断出目前已经出现气侵，需要关井。Based on the flow rate of the ultrasonic flowmeter, it is determined whether the total overflow is greater than or equal to a preset value. When the condition is met, it is determined whether the total overflow is greater than or equal to the preset value within a predetermined time period. If the judgment result is yes, it is determined that gas invasion has occurred and the well needs to be shut down.
在一个优选的实施方式中，所述总溢流量QY通过下述公式确定：In a preferred embodiment, the total overflow amount QY is determined by the following formula:
QY＝Av(1-Eg)△t-q0△tQY =Av(1-Eg )△tq0 △t
其中，A为环空横截面积，m2；v为管流测得的流速，通过第三超声波流量计测得，m/s；Eg为截面含气率，％；Δt为时间增量，s；q0为泵的流量；QY为Δt时间内溢流的增量；ρg为气体密度，g/cm3；ρl为液体密度，g/cm3；vl为流体流速，通过第一超声波流量计、第二超声波流量计、第四超声波流量计和第五超声波流量计测得，m/s；vg为气体流速，通过第六超声波流量计测得，m/s。Wherein, A is the cross-sectional area of the annulus,m2 ; v is the flow velocity measured by the pipe flow, measured by the third ultrasonic flowmeter, m/s;Eg is the gas content of the section, %; Δt is the time increment, s;q0 is the flow rate of the pump;QY is the overflow increment within the Δt time;ρg is the gas density, g/cm3 ;ρl is the liquid density, g/cm3 ;vl is the fluid flow rate, measured by the first ultrasonic flowmeter, the second ultrasonic flowmeter, the fourth ultrasonic flowmeter and the fifth ultrasonic flowmeter, m/s;vg is the gas flow rate, measured by the sixth ultrasonic flowmeter, m/s.
本申请的技术方案具有一下显著有益效果：The technical solution of this application has the following significant beneficial effects:
本申请针对深水油气田提供了一种深水气侵模拟实验装置及气侵判断方法，其中，该深水气侵模拟实验装置可以真实地模拟深水气侵环境，能够对不同水深的深水气侵模拟实验，能准确识别气侵，并确定深水油气田气侵时井筒内的流动模式，为深水井钻井安全控制提供参考。其中，对于气侵的判断，不仅有定性判断，而且还提供了一种准确的定量判断方式，为实际生产提供了可靠地预判依据。The present application provides a deepwater gas invasion simulation experimental device and a gas invasion judgment method for deepwater oil and gas fields, wherein the deepwater gas invasion simulation experimental device can realistically simulate the deepwater gas invasion environment, can conduct deepwater gas invasion simulation experiments at different water depths, can accurately identify gas invasion, and determine the flow pattern in the wellbore during gas invasion in deepwater oil and gas fields, providing a reference for deepwater well drilling safety control. Among them, for the judgment of gas invasion, there is not only a qualitative judgment, but also an accurate quantitative judgment method, which provides a reliable prediction basis for actual production.
参照后文的说明和附图，详细公开了本发明的特定实施方式，指明了本发明的原理可以被采用的方式。应该理解，本发明的实施方式在范围上并不因而受到限制。在所附权利要求的精神和条款的范围内，本发明的实施方式包括许多改变、修改和等同。针对一种实施方式描述和/或示出的特征可以以相同或类似的方式在一个或更多个其它实施方式中使用，与其它实施方式中的特征相组合，或替代其它实施方式中的特征。With reference to the following description and drawings, specific embodiments of the present invention are disclosed in detail, indicating the manner in which the principles of the present invention can be adopted. It should be understood that the embodiments of the present invention are not limited in scope. Within the spirit and scope of the appended claims, the embodiments of the present invention include many changes, modifications and equivalents. Features described and/or shown for one embodiment can be used in one or more other embodiments in the same or similar manner, combined with features in other embodiments, or replace features in other embodiments.
附图说明BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
图1是本申请实施方式中一种深水气侵模拟实验装置的结构示意图；FIG1 is a schematic structural diagram of a deep water gas invasion simulation experimental device in an embodiment of the present application;
图2是本申请实施方式中提供的模拟隔水管与模拟井筒配合位置的结构示意图；FIG2 is a schematic structural diagram of the matching position of the simulated riser and the simulated wellbore provided in an embodiment of the present application;
图3是本申请实施方式中一种深水气侵模拟实验方法的步骤流程图；FIG3 is a flowchart of a deep water gas invasion simulation experimental method in an embodiment of the present application;
图4是不同超声波流量计处截面含气率与时间关系曲线图；FIG4 is a graph showing the relationship between the cross-sectional gas content and time at different ultrasonic flowmeters;
图5是溢流总体积与时间关系曲线图；Fig. 5 is a graph showing the relationship between the total overflow volume and time;
图6是流动形态为泡状流的示意图；FIG6 is a schematic diagram showing a bubbly flow;
图7是流动形态为弹状流的示意图；FIG7 is a schematic diagram of a slug flow;
图8是流动形态为段塞流的示意图；FIG8 is a schematic diagram of a flow pattern of slug flow;
图9是流动形态为环状流的示意图；FIG9 is a schematic diagram showing an annular flow pattern;
图10是流动形态为雾状流的示意图。FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram showing a flow pattern of mist flow.
附图标记说明：Description of reference numerals:
1、容纳池；1. Holding pool;
2、注入管汇；2. Injection manifold;
3、钻井液；3. Drilling fluid;
4、模拟隔水管；19、第一模拟子隔水管；22、第二模拟子隔水管；4. simulated riser; 19. first simulated sub-riser; 22. second simulated sub-riser;
5、模拟钻杆；5. Simulate drill pipe;
6、模拟井筒；23、第一模拟子井筒；26、第二模拟子井筒；6. simulated wellbore; 23. first simulated sub-wellbore; 26. second simulated sub-wellbore;
7、开关阀；7. Switch valve;
8、气体管汇；8. Gas manifold;
9、人工台；9. Artificial platform;
10、气源；10. Gas source;
11、第一超声波流量计；11. The first ultrasonic flow meter;
12、返出管汇；12. Return the manifold;
13、第二超声波流量计；13. Second ultrasonic flow meter;
14、第三超声波流量计；14. The third ultrasonic flow meter;
15、循环泵；15. Circulation pump;
16、第四超声波流量计；16. Fourth ultrasonic flow meter;
17、第五超声波流量计；17. Fifth ultrasonic flowmeter;
18、第六超声波流量计；18. Sixth ultrasonic flowmeter;
20、第一密封件；20. a first sealing member;
21、第一固定件；21. a first fixing member;
24、第二密封件；24. Second sealing member;
25、第二固定件；25. A second fixing member;
27、第三密封件；27. The third seal;
28、气液分离装置；28. Gas-liquid separation device;
A、泡状流；A. Bubble flow;
B、弹状流；B. Slug flow;
C、段塞流；C. Slug flow;
D、环状流；D. annular flow;
E、雾状流。E. Mist flow.
具体实施方式DETAILED DESCRIPTION
下面将结合附图和具体实施方式，对本发明的技术方案作详细说明，应理解这些实施方式仅用于说明本发明而不用于限制本发明的范围，在阅读了本发明之后，本领域技术人员对本发明的各种等价形式的修改均落入本申请所附权利要求所限定的范围内。The technical solution of the present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific implementation methods. It should be understood that these implementation methods are only used to illustrate the present invention and are not used to limit the scope of the present invention. After reading the present invention, various equivalent forms of modifications to the present invention by those skilled in the art all fall within the scope defined by the claims attached to this application.
需要说明的是，当元件被称为“设置于”另一个元件，它可以直接在另一个元件上或者也可以存在居中的元件。当一个元件被认为是“连接”另一个元件，它可以是直接连接到另一个元件或者可能同时存在居中元件。本文所使用的术语“垂直的”、“水平的”、“上”、“下”、“左”、“右”以及类似的表述只是为了说明的目的，并不表示是唯一的实施方式。It should be noted that when an element is referred to as being "disposed on" another element, it may be directly on the other element or there may be a central element. When an element is considered to be "connected to" another element, it may be directly connected to the other element or there may be a central element at the same time. The terms "vertical", "horizontal", "upper", "lower", "left", "right" and similar expressions used herein are for illustrative purposes only and do not represent the only implementation method.
除非另有定义，本文所使用的所有的技术和科学术语与属于本申请的技术领域的技术人员通常理解的含义相同。本文中在本申请的说明书中所使用的术语只是为了描述具体的实施方式的目的，不是旨在于限制本申请。本文所使用的术语“和/或”包括一个或多个相关的所列项目的任意的和所有的组合。Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as those generally understood by those skilled in the art to which this application belongs. The terms used herein in the specification of this application are only for the purpose of describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit this application. The term "and/or" used herein includes any and all combinations of one or more related listed items.
本发明提供的深水气侵模拟实验装置及方法，能进行不同水深的深水气侵模拟实验，能准确识别气侵，并确定深水油气田气侵时井筒内的流动模式，为深水井钻井安全控制提供参考。The deepwater gas invasion simulation experiment device and method provided by the present invention can carry out deepwater gas invasion simulation experiments at different water depths, can accurately identify gas invasion, and determine the flow pattern in the wellbore during gas invasion of deepwater oil and gas fields, providing a reference for deepwater well drilling safety control.
请参阅图1至图2，本申请实施方式中提供的一种深水气侵模拟实验装置可以包括：容纳池1，用于容纳钻井液3；注入管汇2，其一端伸入所述容纳池1中；所述注入管汇2中设置有注液流量检测件；循环泵15，设置在所述注入管汇2中，用于将所述容纳池1中的钻井液3向外泵出提供动力；模拟钻杆5，所述模拟钻杆5的上端与所述注入管汇2相连通；模拟隔水管4，所述模拟隔水管4套设在所述模拟钻杆5的外部，所述模拟钻杆5与所述模拟隔水管4之间形成第一环形间隙；模拟井筒6，所述模拟井筒6套设在所述模拟钻杆5的外部，所述模拟井筒6上端与所述模拟隔水管4的下端密封连接，所述模拟井筒6与所述模拟钻杆5之间形成第二环形间隙，所述模拟隔水管4、模拟井筒6中至少一个能沿着轴向改变长度；流量检测组件，所述流量检测组件包括多个流量计，其中，所述流量机至少分别设置在靠近所述模拟隔水管4下端、在靠近所述模拟井筒6下端；气体管汇8，所述气体管汇8的一端与所述模拟钻杆5的下端相连通，另一端连接有气源10，所述气体管汇8设置有开关阀7和气体流量检测件。Please refer to Figures 1 and 2. A deep-water gas invasion simulation experimental device provided in the embodiment of the present application may include: a holding pool 1, used to hold drilling fluid 3; an injection manifold 2, one end of which extends into the holding pool 1; an injection flow detection component is provided in the injection manifold 2; a circulating pump 15, arranged in the injection manifold 2, used to pump the drilling fluid 3 in the holding pool 1 outward to provide power; a simulated drill pipe 5, the upper end of the simulated drill pipe 5 is connected to the injection manifold 2; a simulated watertight pipe 4, the simulated watertight pipe 4 is sleeved on the outside of the simulated drill pipe 5, and a first annular gap is formed between the simulated drill pipe 5 and the simulated watertight pipe 4; a simulated wellbore 6, the simulated well The tube 6 is sleeved on the outside of the simulated drill pipe 5, and the upper end of the simulated wellbore 6 is sealed and connected to the lower end of the simulated watertight pipe 4, and a second annular gap is formed between the simulated wellbore 6 and the simulated drill pipe 5, and at least one of the simulated watertight pipe 4 and the simulated wellbore 6 can change its length along the axial direction; a flow detection component, the flow detection component includes a plurality of flow meters, wherein the flow meters are at least respectively arranged near the lower end of the simulated watertight pipe 4 and near the lower end of the simulated wellbore 6; a gas manifold 8, one end of the gas manifold 8 is connected to the lower end of the simulated drill pipe 5, and the other end is connected to the gas source 10, and the gas manifold 8 is provided with a switch valve 7 and a gas flow detection component.
整体上，本申请说明书中所提供的深水气侵模拟实验装置可以包括：容纳池1、注入管汇2、泵、模拟钻杆5、模拟隔水管4、模拟井筒6、流量检测组件、气体管汇8等。此外，该深水气侵模拟实验装置还可以包括人工台9，该模拟管柱，例如模拟隔水管4可以安装在该人工台9上。On the whole, the deepwater gas invasion simulation experimental device provided in the present application specification may include: a holding pool 1, an injection manifold 2, a pump, a simulated drill pipe 5, a simulated watertight pipe 4, a simulated wellbore 6, a flow detection component, a gas manifold 8, etc. In addition, the deepwater gas invasion simulation experimental device may also include an artificial platform 9, and the simulated pipe string, such as the simulated watertight pipe 4, may be installed on the artificial platform 9.
在本实施方式中，容纳池1用于容纳钻井液3，其可以为中空的容器。具体的，该容纳池1可以为上端开口的容纳槽，当然该容纳池1也可以为其他构造，本申请在此并不作具体的限定。In this embodiment, the holding pool 1 is used to hold the drilling fluid 3, which can be a hollow container. Specifically, the holding pool 1 can be a holding tank with an upper opening. Of course, the holding pool 1 can also be other structures, and this application does not make specific limitations here.
在本实施方式中，注入管汇2的一端伸入所述容纳池1中，另一端与模拟钻杆5相连通。所述注入管汇2中设置有注液流量检测件，该注液流量检测件用于获取该注入管汇2中的流量。In this embodiment, one end of the injection manifold 2 extends into the holding pool 1, and the other end is connected to the simulated drill pipe 5. The injection manifold 2 is provided with an injection flow detection member for obtaining the flow in the injection manifold 2.
在本实施方式中，所述循环泵15设置在所述注入管汇2中，可以用于将所述容纳池1中的钻井液3向外泵出提供动力。此外，当该钻井液3通过返出管汇12返回钻容纳池1时，钻井液3形成一个循环流路，该循环泵15用于为循环流路中的钻井液3提供驱动力。In this embodiment, the circulation pump 15 is disposed in the injection manifold 2, and can be used to pump out the drilling fluid 3 in the holding tank 1 to provide power. In addition, when the drilling fluid 3 returns to the drilling holding tank 1 through the return manifold 12, the drilling fluid 3 forms a circulation flow path, and the circulation pump 15 is used to provide driving force for the drilling fluid 3 in the circulation flow path.
在本实施方式中，所述模拟钻杆5的上端与所述注入管汇2相连通；所述模拟钻杆5的下端伸入所述模拟隔水管4和模拟井筒6中。In this embodiment, the upper end of the simulated drill pipe 5 is connected to the injection manifold 2 ; the lower end of the simulated drill pipe 5 extends into the simulated watertight pipe 4 and the simulated wellbore 6 .
在本实施方式中，所述模拟隔水管4套设在所述模拟钻杆5的外部，所述模拟钻杆5与所述模拟隔水管4之间形成第一环形间隙。In this embodiment, the simulated watertight riser 4 is sleeved on the outside of the simulated drill rod 5 , and a first annular gap is formed between the simulated drill rod 5 and the simulated watertight riser 4 .
所述模拟隔水管4能沿着轴向改变长度，从而模拟不同的水深。具体的，所述模拟隔水管4的管壁呈波纹状，形成可伸缩管。The simulated watertight pipe 4 can change its length along the axial direction, so as to simulate different water depths. Specifically, the pipe wall of the simulated watertight pipe 4 is corrugated to form a telescopic pipe.
或者，如图2所示，所述模拟隔水管4可以包括相套接的第一模拟子隔水管19和第二模拟子隔水管22，所述第一模拟子隔水管19和所述第二模拟子隔水管22沿着轴向的重叠位置设置有第一密封件20，所述第一密封件20上设置有第一固定件21，所述第一模拟子隔水管19与所述第二模拟子隔水管22能沿着轴向相对移动。Alternatively, as shown in Figure 2, the simulated watertight pipe 4 may include a first simulated sub-watertight pipe 19 and a second simulated sub-watertight pipe 22 which are socketed with each other, and a first sealing member 20 is provided at the overlapping position of the first simulated sub-watertight pipe 19 and the second simulated sub-watertight pipe 22 along the axial direction, and a first fixing member 21 is provided on the first sealing member 20, and the first simulated sub-watertight pipe 19 and the second simulated sub-watertight pipe 22 can move relative to each other along the axial direction.
其中，该第一模拟子隔水管19在沿着高度方向上可以位于第二模拟子隔水管22的上部。例如，该第一模拟子隔水管19可以处于固定安装的状态，该第二模拟子隔水管22相对该第一模拟子隔水管19轴向移动时，可能跟改变该模拟隔水管4的长度。具体的，该第一模拟子隔水管19可以为固定安装的玻璃套管的形式。该第二模拟子隔水管22可以为可移动的玻璃套管的形式。The first simulated sub-riser 19 may be located above the second simulated sub-riser 22 in the height direction. For example, the first simulated sub-riser 19 may be in a fixed installation state, and when the second simulated sub-riser 22 moves axially relative to the first simulated sub-riser 19, the length of the simulated riser 4 may be changed. Specifically, the first simulated sub-riser 19 may be in the form of a fixedly installed glass sleeve. The second simulated sub-riser 22 may be in the form of a movable glass sleeve.
该第一密封件20可以为密封橡胶圈，用于将第一模拟子隔水管19和第二模拟子隔水管22之间的环状间隙进行密封。具体的，该第一密封件20可以通过止位器设置在第一模拟子隔水管19的下端。The first sealing member 20 may be a sealing rubber ring, which is used to seal the annular gap between the first simulated sub-riser 19 and the second simulated sub-riser 22. Specifically, the first sealing member 20 may be disposed at the lower end of the first simulated sub-riser 19 through a stopper.
该第一固定件21可以为固定阀的形式，用于将第二模拟子隔水管22、第一密封件20固定在所述第一模拟子隔水管19上。当然，该第一固定件21的形式并不限于上述举例，在本说明书中主要以固定阀进行举例说明。调节时，可以先打开该固定阀，可以该第二模拟子隔水管22相对该第一模拟子隔水管19轴向移动，当移动到位后，再关闭该固定阀，从而将第二模拟子隔水管22、第一密封件20与所述第一模拟子隔水管19进行固定。其中，该第一密封件20可以固定在靠近该第一模拟子隔水管19的下端位置，该第一固定件21也可以安装在靠近该第一模拟子隔水管19的下端位置，从而便于高效地利用整个第一模拟子隔水管19的轴向长度，进而可以根据长度需求调节模拟不同水深。The first fixing member 21 can be in the form of a fixed valve, which is used to fix the second simulated sub-riser 22 and the first sealing member 20 on the first simulated sub-riser 19. Of course, the form of the first fixing member 21 is not limited to the above example, and the fixed valve is mainly used as an example in this specification. When adjusting, the fixed valve can be opened first, and the second simulated sub-riser 22 can be axially moved relative to the first simulated sub-riser 19. When it moves into place, the fixed valve is closed again, so that the second simulated sub-riser 22 and the first sealing member 20 are fixed to the first simulated sub-riser 19. Among them, the first sealing member 20 can be fixed near the lower end of the first simulated sub-riser 19, and the first fixing member 21 can also be installed near the lower end of the first simulated sub-riser 19, so as to facilitate the efficient use of the axial length of the entire first simulated sub-riser 19, and then the simulation of different water depths can be adjusted according to the length requirements.
在本实施方式中，所述模拟井筒6套设在所述模拟钻杆5的外部，所述模拟井筒6上端与所述模拟隔水管4的下端密封连接，所述模拟井筒6与所述模拟钻杆5之间形成第二环形间隙。In this embodiment, the simulated wellbore 6 is sleeved on the outside of the simulated drill pipe 5, the upper end of the simulated wellbore 6 is sealed and connected to the lower end of the simulated watertight pipe 4, and a second annular gap is formed between the simulated wellbore 6 and the simulated drill pipe 5.
所述模拟井筒6能沿着轴向改变长度。具体的，所述模拟井筒6的筒壁也可以呈波纹状，形成可伸缩管。The simulated wellbore 6 can change its length along the axial direction. Specifically, the wall of the simulated wellbore 6 can also be corrugated to form a telescopic tube.
或者，如图2所示，所述模拟井筒6可以包括相套接的第一模拟子井筒23和第二模拟子井筒26，所述第一模拟子井筒23和所述第二模拟子井筒26沿着轴向的重叠位置设置有第二密封件24，所述第二密封件24上设置有第二固定件25，所述第一模拟子井筒23与所述第二模拟子井筒26能沿着轴向相对移动。Alternatively, as shown in Figure 2, the simulated wellbore 6 may include a first simulated sub-wellbore 23 and a second simulated sub-wellbore 26 that are connected to each other, and the first simulated sub-wellbore 23 and the second simulated sub-wellbore 26 are provided with a second sealing member 24 at an overlapping position along the axial direction, and the second sealing member 24 is provided with a second fixing member 25, and the first simulated sub-wellbore 23 and the second simulated sub-wellbore 26 can move relative to each other along the axial direction.
其中，该第一模拟子井筒23在沿着高度方向上可以位于第二模拟子井筒26的上部。例如，该第二模拟子井筒26可以处于固定安装的状态，该第一模拟子井筒23相对该第一模拟子井筒23轴向移动时，可能跟改变该模拟井筒6的长度。具体的，该第二模拟子井筒26可以为固定安装的玻璃套管的形式。该第一模拟子井筒23可以为可已从安装的玻璃套管的形式。The first simulated sub-wellbore 23 may be located above the second simulated sub-wellbore 26 in the height direction. For example, the second simulated sub-wellbore 26 may be in a fixed installation state, and when the first simulated sub-wellbore 23 moves axially relative to the first simulated sub-wellbore 23, the length of the simulated wellbore 6 may be changed. Specifically, the second simulated sub-wellbore 26 may be in the form of a fixedly installed glass casing. The first simulated sub-wellbore 23 may be in the form of a removable glass casing.
该第二密封件24可以为密封橡胶圈，用于将第一模拟子井筒23和第二模拟子井筒26之间的环状间隙进行密封。具体的，该第二密封件24可以通过止位器设置在第一模拟子井筒23的下端。The second sealing member 24 may be a sealing rubber ring, which is used to seal the annular gap between the first simulated sub-wellbore 23 and the second simulated sub-wellbore 26. Specifically, the second sealing member 24 may be disposed at the lower end of the first simulated sub-wellbore 23 through a stopper.
该第二固定件25可以为固定阀的形式，用于将第二模拟子井筒26、第一密封件20固定在所述第一模拟子井筒23上。当然，该第二固定件25的形式并不限于上述举例，在本说明书中主要以固定阀进行举例说明。调节时，可以先打开该固定阀，可以该第一模拟子井筒23相对该第二模拟子井筒26轴向移动，当移动到位后，再关闭该固定阀，从而将第二模拟子井筒26、第二密封件24与所述第一模拟子井筒23进行固定。其中，该第二密封件24可以固定在靠近该第二模拟子井筒26的上端位置，该第二固定件25也可以安装在靠近该第二模拟子井筒26的上端位置，从而便于高效地利用整个第二模拟子井筒26的轴向长度，进而根据长度需求调节模拟不同井深。The second fixing member 25 can be in the form of a fixed valve, which is used to fix the second simulated sub-wellbore 26 and the first sealing member 20 on the first simulated sub-wellbore 23. Of course, the form of the second fixing member 25 is not limited to the above examples, and the fixed valve is mainly used as an example in this specification. During adjustment, the fixed valve can be opened first, and the first simulated sub-wellbore 23 can be axially moved relative to the second simulated sub-wellbore 26. When it is moved into place, the fixed valve is closed to fix the second simulated sub-wellbore 26 and the second sealing member 24 to the first simulated sub-wellbore 23. Among them, the second sealing member 24 can be fixed at a position close to the upper end of the second simulated sub-wellbore 26, and the second fixing member 25 can also be installed at a position close to the upper end of the second simulated sub-wellbore 26, so as to facilitate the efficient use of the axial length of the entire second simulated sub-wellbore 26, and then adjust the simulation of different well depths according to the length requirements.
在所述第二模拟子隔水管22与所述第一模拟子井筒23之间还可以设置有第三密封件27，该第三密封件27用于实现模拟隔水管4与模拟井筒6之间的密封。具体的，该第三密封件27可以为橡胶塞的形式，当然，该第三密封件27还可以为其他形式，本申请在此并不做具体限定。A third seal 27 may be provided between the second simulated sub-waterproof pipe 22 and the first simulated sub-wellbore 23, and the third seal 27 is used to achieve sealing between the simulated waterproof pipe 4 and the simulated wellbore 6. Specifically, the third seal 27 may be in the form of a rubber plug. Of course, the third seal 27 may also be in other forms, which is not specifically limited in the present application.
在一个实施方式中，为了便于直观地观察该模拟隔水管4和模拟井筒6中的气侵情况，所述模拟隔水管4、所述模拟井筒6可以由透明材质制成。In one embodiment, in order to facilitate intuitive observation of the gas intrusion conditions in the simulated watertight riser 4 and the simulated wellbore 6, the simulated watertight riser 4 and the simulated wellbore 6 may be made of a transparent material.
进一步的，所述深水气侵模拟实验装置还可以包括：图像获取设备以及与所述图像获取设备电性连接的控制器。该图像获取设备可以对模拟隔水管4和模拟井筒6内的流动情况进行拍摄，并将拍摄的数据传递给控制器，由控制器对拍摄到的图形进行分析处理。Furthermore, the deepwater gas invasion simulation experimental device may also include: an image acquisition device and a controller electrically connected to the image acquisition device. The image acquisition device can take pictures of the flow conditions in the simulated watertight pipe 4 and the simulated wellbore 6, and transmit the photographed data to the controller, which analyzes and processes the photographed graphics.
在本实施方式中，流量检测组件可以包括：设置在预定位置的多个流量计。具体的，该流量计的形式可以为超声波流量计，当然，该流量计还可以为其他形式，本申请在此并不作具体的限定。在本说明书中，该流量计主要以超声波流量计为例进行举例说明。In this embodiment, the flow detection component may include: a plurality of flow meters arranged at predetermined positions. Specifically, the flow meter may be in the form of an ultrasonic flow meter. Of course, the flow meter may also be in other forms, which are not specifically limited in this application. In this specification, the flow meter is mainly illustrated by taking an ultrasonic flow meter as an example.
具体的，该流量检测组件可以包括：设置在靠近所述模拟隔水管4下端的第一超声波流量计11，设置在靠近模拟隔水管4上端的第二超声波流量计13；设置在注入管汇2中的注液流量检测件为第三超声波流量计14；设置在靠近模拟井筒6上端的第四超声波流量计16，设置在靠近所述模拟井筒6下端的第五超声波流量计17。Specifically, the flow detection component may include: a first ultrasonic flowmeter 11 arranged near the lower end of the simulated watertight pipe 4, and a second ultrasonic flowmeter 13 arranged near the upper end of the simulated watertight pipe 4; a third ultrasonic flowmeter 14 is arranged as the injection flow detection component in the injection manifold 2; a fourth ultrasonic flowmeter 16 is arranged near the upper end of the simulated wellbore 6, and a fifth ultrasonic flowmeter 17 is arranged near the lower end of the simulated wellbore 6.
所述第五超声波流量计17用于获取模拟井底的流量情况，以便获取最早的气侵情况。该第一超声波流量计11设置靠近所述模拟隔水管4的下端，即第一环形间隙和第二环形间隙过渡的位置，用于获取变截面处的流量情况。The fifth ultrasonic flowmeter 17 is used to obtain the flow condition of the simulated well bottom so as to obtain the earliest gas invasion condition. The first ultrasonic flowmeter 11 is arranged near the lower end of the simulated watertight pipe 4, i.e., the transition position between the first annular gap and the second annular gap, to obtain the flow condition at the variable cross section.
此外，所述流量检测组件还包括：设置在靠近所述模拟隔水管4上端的第二超声波流量计13；设置在靠近所述模拟井筒6上端的第四超声波流量计16。所述第二超声波流量计13，用于检测模拟隔水管4顶部的流量，以便获取返出所述模拟隔水管4的流量。所述第四超声波流量计16用于获取进入上述第一环形间隙和第二环形间隙过渡的位置前的流量。In addition, the flow detection assembly further includes: a second ultrasonic flowmeter 13 disposed near the upper end of the simulated watertight pipe 4; and a fourth ultrasonic flowmeter 16 disposed near the upper end of the simulated wellbore 6. The second ultrasonic flowmeter 13 is used to detect the flow at the top of the simulated watertight pipe 4 so as to obtain the flow returning from the simulated watertight pipe 4. The fourth ultrasonic flowmeter 16 is used to obtain the flow before entering the transition position between the first annular gap and the second annular gap.
在本实施方式中，所述气体管汇8的一端与所述模拟钻杆5的下端相连通，另一端连接有气源10。所述气体管汇8设置有开关阀7和气体流量检测件。所述开关阀7用于控制该气体管汇8的通断。所述气体流量检测件用于获取所述气体的流量该气体管汇8的横截面是一定的情况下，该气体流量检测件也可以用户该气体的流速。具体的，该气体流量检测件也可以为超声波流量计的形式，当然该气体流量检测件还可以为其他形式。在本说明书中，该气体流量检测件以第六超声波流量计18为例进行举例说明。In this embodiment, one end of the gas manifold 8 is connected to the lower end of the simulated drill pipe 5, and the other end is connected to the gas source 10. The gas manifold 8 is provided with a switch valve 7 and a gas flow detection component. The switch valve 7 is used to control the on and off of the gas manifold 8. The gas flow detection component is used to obtain the flow rate of the gas. When the cross-section of the gas manifold 8 is certain, the gas flow detection component can also be used to measure the flow rate of the gas. Specifically, the gas flow detection component can also be in the form of an ultrasonic flow meter. Of course, the gas flow detection component can also be in other forms. In this specification, the gas flow detection component is illustrated by taking the sixth ultrasonic flow meter 18 as an example.
进一步的，该气体管汇8中还可以设置有气体流速调节装置，该气体流速调节装置用于控制气体的流速。具体的，该气体流速调节装置可以为具有流量调节功能的阀门的形式，例如可以为开度可调的调节阀等。Furthermore, a gas flow rate regulating device may be provided in the gas manifold 8, and the gas flow rate regulating device is used to control the flow rate of the gas. Specifically, the gas flow rate regulating device may be in the form of a valve with a flow regulating function, such as a regulating valve with adjustable opening.
在一个实施方式中，所述深水气侵模拟实验装置还可以包括返出管汇12，所述模拟隔水管4靠近上端处设置有出口，所述返出管汇12的一端连接至所述出口，另一端连接至所述容纳池1。In one embodiment, the deep-water gas intrusion simulation experimental device may further include a return manifold 12, the simulated watertight pipe 4 is provided with an outlet near the upper end, one end of the return manifold 12 is connected to the outlet, and the other end is connected to the holding pool 1.
在本实施方式中，当设置该返出管汇12后，可以自所述容纳池1、注入管汇2、模拟钻杆5、模拟井筒6、模拟隔水管4、返出管汇12之间形成循环系统，以便于循环利用该容纳池1中的钻井液3进行模拟实验。In this embodiment, after the return manifold 12 is set, a circulation system can be formed among the holding tank 1, the injection manifold 2, the simulated drill pipe 5, the simulated wellbore 6, the simulated riser 4, and the return manifold 12 to facilitate the recycling of the drilling fluid 3 in the holding tank 1 for simulation experiments.
该返出管汇12中还可以设置有气液分离装置28，用于将返出的钻井液3中的气体分离出。具体的，该气液分离装置28可以设置在靠近容纳池1的上方，当夹带有气体的钻井液3流经该气液分离装置28时，该气液分离装置28可以将钻井液3中的气体向外排出，将液体返回容纳池1中。The return manifold 12 may also be provided with a gas-liquid separation device 28 for separating the gas in the returned drilling fluid 3. Specifically, the gas-liquid separation device 28 may be provided above the holding tank 1. When the drilling fluid 3 entrained with gas flows through the gas-liquid separation device 28, the gas-liquid separation device 28 may discharge the gas in the drilling fluid 3 to the outside and return the liquid to the holding tank 1.
在一个具体的实施方式中，所述流量检测组件包括用于监测模拟隔水管4下端的第一超声波检测件、用于监测模拟隔水管4上端的第二超声波检测件、用于监测注入管汇2流量的第三超声波检测件、用于监测模拟井筒6上端的第四超声波检测件，用于监测模拟井筒6下端的第五超声波检测件，所述气体流量检测件为设置在气体管汇8中的第六超声波检测件。In a specific embodiment, the flow detection component includes a first ultrasonic detection component for monitoring the lower end of the simulated watertight pipe 4, a second ultrasonic detection component for monitoring the upper end of the simulated watertight pipe 4, a third ultrasonic detection component for monitoring the flow of the injection manifold 2, a fourth ultrasonic detection component for monitoring the upper end of the simulated wellbore 6, and a fifth ultrasonic detection component for monitoring the lower end of the simulated wellbore 6. The gas flow detection component is a sixth ultrasonic detection component arranged in the gas manifold 8.
在本实施方式中，在整套实验装置中一共设计6个超声波流量计进行监测，6个超声波分别放在一下位置有以下作用:In this embodiment, a total of 6 ultrasonic flow meters are designed in the whole experimental device for monitoring. The 6 ultrasonic flow meters are placed in the following positions to have the following functions:
第一超声波流量计11，如图1所示，将其安放在隔水管底部，在气体由井筒进入隔水管时，管柱的截面会突然变大，流速会突然降低，因此，安放第一流量计用来监测隔水管底端，即变截面上部的流量。The first ultrasonic flowmeter 11, as shown in Figure 1, is installed at the bottom of the riser. When the gas enters the riser from the wellbore, the cross-section of the pipe will suddenly increase and the flow rate will suddenly decrease. Therefore, the first flowmeter is installed to monitor the flow at the bottom of the riser, that is, the upper part of the variable cross-section.
第二超声波流量计13，气体在隔水管内逐渐升高，随着水压的逐渐降低，气泡将变得更大，因此安放在监测隔水管顶部进行监测。The second ultrasonic flowmeter 13 is installed on the top of the monitoring riser for monitoring. As the gas gradually rises in the riser and the water pressure gradually decreases, the bubbles will become larger.
第三超声波流量计14，在泵入钻杆的管线上设置流量计，监测钻杆内流量。由于钻杆中不停泵入钻井液3的水压作用，因此在井筒中充入气体将不会影响钻杆中的流量。The third ultrasonic flowmeter 14 is set on the pipeline pumped into the drill pipe to monitor the flow in the drill pipe. Due to the water pressure of the drilling fluid 3 pumped into the drill pipe continuously, the gas filled in the wellbore will not affect the flow in the drill pipe.
第四超声波流量计16，在井筒底部充入气体后，气体会在井筒中逐渐增大，由于会在井筒和隔水管底部变截面处突然变化，因此在井筒底部和隔水管顶端设置流量计与其形成对比具有重要的作用，因此安放流量计监测井筒顶端的，即变截面下部的流量。The fourth ultrasonic flowmeter 16, after the gas is filled into the bottom of the wellbore, the gas will gradually increase in the wellbore. Since it will suddenly change at the variable cross-section of the wellbore and the bottom of the riser, it is important to set flowmeters at the bottom of the wellbore and the top of the riser to contrast with it. Therefore, the flowmeter is placed to monitor the flow at the top of the wellbore, that is, the flow at the lower part of the variable cross-section.
第五超声波流量计17，此处气体刚充入井筒，变化不明显，了解气侵最初状态，对于后期不同深度的情况进行鲜明的对比，因此在井筒底部，即钻头处安放流量计进行监测。The fifth ultrasonic flowmeter 17, where the gas has just been filled into the wellbore, the change is not obvious, in order to understand the initial state of gas invasion and make a sharp comparison of the conditions at different depths in the later stage, a flowmeter is placed at the bottom of the wellbore, i.e., at the drill bit for monitoring.
第六超声波流量，监测充入井筒内气体的流量。The sixth ultrasonic flow monitors the flow of gas injected into the wellbore.
请参阅图3，基于上述实施方式中所提供的深水气侵模拟实验装置，本申请还提供一种气侵判断方法，该气侵判断方法可以包括如下步骤：Please refer to FIG3 . Based on the deep-water gas intrusion simulation experimental device provided in the above embodiment, the present application further provides a gas intrusion judgment method, which may include the following steps:
首先，可以调节好井深与隔水管长度，打开钻井液3循环泵15，使整个管路与深水气侵模拟实验充满钻井液3；First, the well depth and the length of the riser can be adjusted, and the drilling fluid 3 circulation pump 15 can be turned on to fill the entire pipeline and the deepwater gas invasion simulation experiment with drilling fluid 3;
在整个管路与深水气侵模拟实验充满钻井液3后，可以通过以恒定的体积充入气体，或者以恒定速度充入气体。After the entire pipeline and the deepwater gas invasion simulation experiment are filled with drilling fluid 3, gas can be charged at a constant volume or at a constant speed.
在本说明书中，先以恒定的体积充入气体为例进行展开说明。In this specification, the example of filling with gas at a constant volume is first used for explanation.
步骤10：调节好井深与隔水管长度，打开钻井液3循环泵15，使整个管路与深水气侵模拟实验充满钻井液3；Step 10: Adjust the well depth and the length of the riser, turn on the drilling fluid 3 circulation pump 15, and fill the entire pipeline and the deepwater gas invasion simulation experiment with drilling fluid 3;
步骤12：待循环稳定后，记录第三超声波流量计14的数据，打开开关阀7，监测第六超声波流量计18，释放a L的气体，然后关闭开关阀7；Step 12: After the circulation is stable, record the data of the third ultrasonic flowmeter 14, open the switch valve 7, monitor the sixth ultrasonic flowmeter 18, release a L of gas, and then close the switch valve 7;
步骤14：监测第一超声波流量计11、第二超声波流量计13、第四超声波流量计16和第五超声波流量计17的数据；Step 14: monitoring data of the first ultrasonic flow meter 11, the second ultrasonic flow meter 13, the fourth ultrasonic flow meter 16 and the fifth ultrasonic flow meter 17;
步骤16：基于所述超声波流量计的流量判断总溢流量QY是否大于或等于预设值(例如10％)，当满足条件时，判断在预定时长(例如1分钟)内，总溢流量QY是否大于或等于预设值，如果判断结果为是，则判断出目前已经出现严重气侵，需要关井。Step 16: Based on the flow rate of the ultrasonic flowmeter, determine whether the total overflow volume QY is greater than or equal to a preset value (for example, 10%). When the condition is met, determine whether the total overflow volume QY is greater than or equal to the preset value within a predetermined time (for example, 1 minute). If the judgment result is yes, it is determined that severe gas invasion has occurred and the well needs to be shut down.
步骤17：后续利用循环泵15持续循环，将释放的气体以a L的递增速度进行递增，重复上述实验步骤。Step 17: Subsequently, the circulation pump 15 is used to continuously circulate, and the released gas is increased at an increasing rate of a L, and the above experimental steps are repeated.
在本实施方式中，在实验前，调节好井深与隔水管长度，打开钻井液3循环泵15，使整个管路与玻璃套管模拟装置充满钻井液3；待循环稳定后，记录第三超声波流量计14的数据，打开开关阀7，观看流量计，释放a L的气体，然后关闭开关阀7。观察记录监测第一超声波流量计11、第二超声波流量计13、第四超声波流量计16和第五超声波流量计17的数据，并拍照记录深水气侵模拟实验装置中玻璃套管内的流动形态。In this embodiment, before the experiment, the well depth and the length of the riser are adjusted, and the drilling fluid 3 circulation pump 15 is turned on to fill the entire pipeline and the glass casing simulation device with drilling fluid 3; after the circulation is stable, the data of the third ultrasonic flowmeter 14 is recorded, the switch valve 7 is opened, the flowmeter is observed, a L of gas is released, and then the switch valve 7 is closed. The data of the first ultrasonic flowmeter 11, the second ultrasonic flowmeter 13, the fourth ultrasonic flowmeter 16 and the fifth ultrasonic flowmeter 17 are observed, recorded and monitored, and the flow pattern in the glass casing in the deep water gas invasion simulation experimental device is recorded by taking photos.
在执行步骤14中，该方法还可以包括：并监测所述深水气侵模拟实验装置内的流动形态；流动形态的是汽-液两相流中汽相和液相存在的形态。In executing step 14, the method may further include: and monitoring the flow pattern in the deep-water gas invasion simulation experimental device; the flow pattern is the pattern of existence of the vapor phase and the liquid phase in the vapor-liquid two-phase flow.
根据流态的物理形状，在垂直管流中分为：泡状流A、弹状流B、段塞流C、环状流D和雾状流E。在气侵发生时可以通过观察垂直管流的流动形态判断气侵的程度。其中哦，According to the physical shape of the flow state, vertical pipe flow is divided into: bubble flow A, bullet flow B, slug flow C, annular flow D and mist flow E. When gas intrusion occurs, the degree of gas intrusion can be judged by observing the flow shape of the vertical pipe flow.
如图6所示，泡状流A：连续液相中包含分散汽泡的流动。常发生在低质量含汽率区。As shown in Figure 6, bubbly flow A: Flow containing dispersed bubbles in the continuous liquid phase. It often occurs in the low mass vapor fraction area.
如图7所示，弹状流B：小汽泡聚合成尺寸接近通道直径的呈弹头状的大汽泡的流动，也称塞状流或块状流。是一种不稳定的过渡流型，常出现在中等质量含汽率区。As shown in Figure 7, bullet flow B: small bubbles aggregate into large bullet-shaped bubbles with a size close to the channel diameter, also known as plug flow or block flow. It is an unstable transitional flow type that often appears in the medium mass vapor content region.
如图8所示，段塞流C：指管道中一段气柱、一段液柱交替出现的气液两相流动状态。As shown in Figure 8, slug flow C refers to a gas-liquid two-phase flow state in which a gas column and a liquid column appear alternately in the pipeline.
如图9所示，环状流D：液相流沿通道壁呈环状膜形的连续流，而连续的汽相则在管道的中心部分流动，在液环中还弥散着汽泡，在汽相中也夹带着液滴。常出现在较高质量含汽率区。As shown in Figure 9, annular flow D: The liquid phase flows in a continuous annular film along the channel wall, while the continuous vapor phase flows in the central part of the pipeline, with bubbles dispersed in the liquid annulus and droplets entrained in the vapor phase. It often appears in the area of higher mass vapor content.
如图10所示，雾状流E：由气体和液体组成的两相流的一种流型。两相流中当气体速度达到一定值时，可形成环状流D，此时大部分液体成膜状沿管壁运动在环状流D的基础上再加大气速，气体在管中高速流过，使几乎全部液体均被雾化，这种状况称为雾状流E。As shown in Figure 10, mist flow E: a type of two-phase flow consisting of gas and liquid. When the gas velocity reaches a certain value in the two-phase flow, annular flow D can be formed. At this time, most of the liquid moves along the tube wall in a film-like manner. On the basis of annular flow D, the gas velocity is increased, and the gas flows through the tube at a high speed, so that almost all the liquid is atomized. This condition is called mist flow E.
持续循环，待气体全部排出后开始第二次实验，释放2aL气体；然后释放3aL气体进行实验。同样可以控制充入气体保持恒定速度，进行实验，步骤相同。Continue the cycle, and start the second experiment after all the gas is exhausted, releasing 2aL of gas; then release 3aL of gas for the experiment. Similarly, the gas filling rate can be controlled to maintain a constant speed and the experiment is carried out with the same steps.
刚注气时井筒内气体波动较大，上部隔水管模拟装置内波动较小。当停止注气，井筒内气体扩散至隔水管模拟装置，井筒内趋于稳定。可以看出同样气体在隔水管模拟装置中的变化率低于井筒模拟装置，因为在变截面的变化中，由于隔水管模拟装置的横截面积增大，所以波动降低。When gas is just injected, the gas fluctuation in the wellbore is large, and the fluctuation in the upper riser simulation device is small. When the gas injection is stopped, the gas in the wellbore diffuses to the riser simulation device, and the wellbore tends to be stable. It can be seen that the change rate of the same gas in the riser simulation device is lower than that in the wellbore simulation device, because in the change of the variable cross-section, the cross-sectional area of the riser simulation device increases, so the fluctuation is reduced.
本申请提供一种与深水气侵模拟实验装置相对应的深水气侵模拟实验方法，通过判断气侵发生时钻井液3流态，增强气侵发生时的认识，以揭示不同水深的深水钻井井底气侵时相关工艺参数的变化规律，以实现对深水钻井现场气侵现象的及时、超前预测，从而为深水井控作业提供安全时间余量。The present application provides a deepwater gas invasion simulation experimental method corresponding to a deepwater gas invasion simulation experimental device, which enhances the understanding of when gas invasion occurs by judging the flow state of drilling fluid 3 when gas invasion occurs, so as to reveal the change law of relevant process parameters during gas invasion at the bottom of deepwater drilling wells of different water depths, so as to achieve timely and advanced prediction of gas invasion phenomena at deepwater drilling sites, thereby providing a safety time margin for deepwater well control operations.
其中，从定量的角度出发，判断气侵的程度可以根据气侵监测数据和深水钻井井筒环空气液两相流模型对井底的气侵程度进行反算，可计算气侵发生后任一时刻井筒环空中的气体分布，即不同井深处总溢流量QY为：Among them, from a quantitative perspective, the degree of gas invasion can be judged by back-calculating the degree of gas invasion at the bottom of the well based on the gas invasion monitoring data and the air-liquid two-phase flow model of the wellbore annulus in deepwater drilling. The gas distribution in the wellbore annulus at any time after the gas invasion occurs can be calculated, that is, the total overflow volumeQY at different well depths is:
QY＝AV(1-EG)△T-Q0△TQY =AV(1-EG )△TQ0 △T
其中，A为环空横截面积，m2；v为管流测得的流速，通过第三超声波流量计测得，m/s；Eg为截面含气率，％；Δt为时间增量，s；q0为泵的流量；QY为Δt时间内溢流的增量；ρg为气体密度，g/cm3；ρl为液体密度，g/cm3；vl为流体流速，通过第一超声波流量计、第二超声波流量计、第四超声波流量计和第五超声波流量计测得，m/s；vg为气体流速，通过第六超声波流量计测得，m/s。Wherein, A is the cross-sectional area of the annulus,m2 ; v is the flow velocity measured by the pipe flow, measured by the third ultrasonic flowmeter, m/s;Eg is the gas content of the section, %; Δt is the time increment, s;q0 is the flow rate of the pump;QY is the overflow increment within the Δt time;ρg is the gas density, g/cm3 ;ρl is the liquid density, g/cm3 ;vl is the fluid flow rate, measured by the first ultrasonic flowmeter, the second ultrasonic flowmeter, the fourth ultrasonic flowmeter and the fifth ultrasonic flowmeter, m/s;vg is the gas flow rate, measured by the sixth ultrasonic flowmeter, m/s.
如图4和图5所示，是利用该实验装置进行气侵实验时测量的数据。图4是不同流量计处截面含气率与时间关系图；横坐标为时间，单位为S(秒)；纵坐标为截面含气率，％。As shown in Figures 4 and 5, these are the data measured when the experimental device was used to conduct a gas intrusion experiment. Figure 4 is a graph showing the relationship between the cross-sectional gas content and time at different flowmeters; the horizontal axis is time, in seconds; the vertical axis is the cross-sectional gas content, %.
图5反应溢流总体积与时间关系，横坐标为时间，单位为S(秒)；纵坐标为溢流总体积，单位为立方米。FIG5 shows the relationship between the total overflow volume and time, wherein the horizontal axis is time in seconds, and the vertical axis is the total overflow volume in cubic meters.
在实验时，0S开始向实验装置注气，进行气侵模拟。在240S时，停止注气。During the experiment, gas injection into the experimental device was started at 0S to simulate gas intrusion, and gas injection was stopped at 240S.
在另一个实施方式中，当利用在整个管路与深水气侵模拟实验充满钻井液3后，可以通过恒定速度充入气体。当以恒定速度充入气体时，所述气侵判断方法可以包括：In another embodiment, after the entire pipeline is filled with drilling fluid 3 in the deepwater gas invasion simulation experiment, gas can be charged at a constant speed. When gas is charged at a constant speed, the gas invasion judgment method may include:
步骤10：调节好井深与隔水管长度，打开钻井液3循环泵15，使整个管路与深水气侵模拟实验充满钻井液3；Step 10: Adjust the well depth and the length of the riser, turn on the drilling fluid 3 circulation pump 15, and fill the entire pipeline and the deepwater gas invasion simulation experiment with drilling fluid 3;
步骤11：待循环稳定后，记录第三超声波流量计14的数据，打开开关阀7，监测第六超声波流量计18，以预定速度充入气体；Step 11: After the circulation is stable, record the data of the third ultrasonic flowmeter 14, open the switch valve 7, monitor the sixth ultrasonic flowmeter 18, and fill the gas at a predetermined speed;
步骤14：监测第一超声波流量计11、第二超声波流量计13、第四超声波流量计16和第五超声波流量计17的数据；Step 14: monitoring data of the first ultrasonic flow meter 11, the second ultrasonic flow meter 13, the fourth ultrasonic flow meter 16 and the fifth ultrasonic flow meter 17;
步骤15：基于所述超声波流量计的流量判断总溢流量是否大于或等于预设值，当满足条件时，判断在预定时长内，总溢流量是否大于或等于预设值，如果判断结果为是，则判断出目前已经出现气侵，需要关井。Step 15: Based on the flow rate of the ultrasonic flowmeter, determine whether the total overflow is greater than or equal to a preset value. When the condition is met, determine whether the total overflow is greater than or equal to the preset value within a predetermined time period. If the judgment result is yes, it is determined that gas invasion has occurred and the well needs to be shut down.
其中，所述总溢流量QY通过下述公式确定：Wherein, the total overflow amount QY is determined by the following formula:
QY＝AV(1-EG)△T-Q0△TQY =AV(1-EG )△TQ0 △T
其中，A为环空横截面积，m2；v为管流测得的流速，通过第三超声波流量计测得，m/s；Eg为截面含气率，％；Δt为时间增量，s；q0为泵的流量；QY为Δt时间内溢流的增量；ρg为气体密度，g/cm3；ρl为液体密度，g/cm3；vl为流体流速，通过第一超声波流量计、第二超声波流量计、第四超声波流量计和第五超声波流量计测得，m/s；vg为气体流速，通过第六超声波流量计测得，m/s.Wherein, A is the cross-sectional area of the annulus, m2 ; v is the flow velocity measured by the pipe flow, measured by the third ultrasonic flowmeter, m/s; Eg is the cross-sectional gas content, %; Δt is the time increment, s; q0 is the flow rate of the pump; QY is the overflow increment within the Δt time; ρg is the gas density, g/cm3 ; ρl is the liquid density, g/cm3 ; vl is the fluid flow velocity, measured by the first ultrasonic flowmeter, the second ultrasonic flowmeter, the fourth ultrasonic flowmeter and the fifth ultrasonic flowmeter, m/s; vg is the gas flow velocity, measured by the sixth ultrasonic flowmeter, m/s.
早期溢流监测对预防石油开发钻井过程中井喷失控恶性事故具有至关重要的作用。深水钻井作业过程中在不破坏钻井隔水管力学结构的前提下，进行气侵监测。通常在平台泥浆池处也就是隔水管顶部附近进行监测，随着科技的发展提出在泥线附近也就是隔水管底部监测，描述气侵程度，判断是否发生气侵。Early overflow monitoring plays a vital role in preventing uncontrolled blowout accidents during oil development and drilling. During deepwater drilling operations, gas invasion monitoring is carried out without destroying the mechanical structure of the drilling riser. Usually, monitoring is carried out at the platform mud pool, that is, near the top of the riser. With the development of technology, it is proposed to monitor near the mud line, that is, the bottom of the riser, to describe the degree of gas invasion and determine whether gas invasion has occurred.
目前，无论是泥浆池监测还是泥线监测都是气侵发生了一段时间，难以判断井底实际发生的情况，因此亟需实验装置，通过判断隔水管与泥浆池的气侵情况反推井底地层的实际情况，判断气侵发生的时间与程度。因为不同井深与水深的气侵的变化规律不同，因此设计可调水深与井深的实验装置，进行相关实验。At present, whether it is mud pool monitoring or mud line monitoring, gas invasion has occurred for a period of time, and it is difficult to judge the actual situation at the bottom of the well. Therefore, an experimental device is urgently needed to judge the actual situation of the bottom of the well by judging the gas invasion situation of the watertight pipe and the mud pool, and to judge the time and extent of gas invasion. Because the change law of gas invasion at different well depths and water depths is different, an experimental device with adjustable water depth and well depth is designed to conduct relevant experiments.
本文引用的任何数字值都包括从下限值到上限值之间以一个单位递增的下值和上值的所有值，在任何下值和任何更高值之间存在至少两个单位的间隔即可。举例来说，如果阐述了一个部件的数量或过程变量(例如温度、压力、时间等)的值是从1到90，优选从20到80，更优选从30到70，则目的是为了说明该说明书中也明确地列举了诸如15到85、22到68、43到51、30到32等值。对于小于1的值，适当地认为一个单位是0.0001、0.001、0.01、0.1。这些仅仅是想要明确表达的示例，可以认为在最低值和最高值之间列举的数值的所有可能组合都是以类似方式在该说明书明确地阐述了的。Any numerical value cited herein includes all values of lower and upper values that increase by one unit from the lower limit to the upper limit, and there is at least a two-unit interval between any lower value and any higher value. For example, if the value of the quantity of a component or process variable (such as temperature, pressure, time, etc.) is stated to be from 1 to 90, preferably from 20 to 80, and more preferably from 30 to 70, the purpose is to illustrate that values such as 15 to 85, 22 to 68, 43 to 51, 30 to 32 are also explicitly listed in this specification. For values less than 1, one unit is appropriately considered to be 0.0001, 0.001, 0.01, 0.1. These are merely examples that are intended to be clearly expressed, and it can be considered that all possible combinations of numerical values listed between the lowest value and the highest value are clearly stated in this specification in a similar manner.
除非另有说明，所有范围都包括端点以及端点之间的所有数字。与范围一起使用的“大约”或“近似”适合于该范围的两个端点。因而，“大约20到30”旨在覆盖“大约20到大约30”，至少包括指明的端点。Unless otherwise specified, all ranges include the endpoints and all numbers between the endpoints. "About" or "approximately" used with a range applies to both endpoints of the range. Thus, "about 20 to 30" is intended to cover "about 20 to about 30", including at least the specified endpoints.
披露的所有文章和参考资料，包括专利申请和出版物，出于各种目的通过援引结合于此。描述组合的术语“基本由…构成”应该包括所确定的元件、成分、部件或步骤以及实质上没有影响该组合的基本新颖特征的其他元件、成分、部件或步骤。使用术语“包含”或“包括”来描述这里的元件、成分、部件或步骤的组合也想到了基本由这些元件、成分、部件或步骤构成的实施方式。这里通过使用术语“可以”，旨在说明“可以”包括的所描述的任何属性都是可选的。All articles and references disclosed, including patent applications and publications, are incorporated herein by reference for all purposes. The term "consisting essentially of..." to describe a combination should include the identified elements, ingredients, parts or steps and other elements, ingredients, parts or steps that do not substantially affect the basic novel characteristics of the combination. The use of the terms "comprising" or "including" to describe a combination of elements, ingredients, parts or steps herein also contemplates embodiments that consist essentially of these elements, ingredients, parts or steps. By using the term "may", it is intended to indicate that any attribute described that "may" be included is optional.
多个元件、成分、部件或步骤能够由单个集成元件、成分、部件或步骤来提供。另选地，单个集成元件、成分、部件或步骤可以被分成分离的多个元件、成分、部件或步骤。用来描述元件、成分、部件或步骤的公开“一”或“一个”并不说为了排除其他的元件、成分、部件或步骤。Multiple elements, ingredients, parts or steps can be provided by a single integrated element, ingredient, part or step. Alternatively, a single integrated element, ingredient, part or step can be divided into separate multiple elements, ingredients, parts or steps. The disclosure "one" or "an" used to describe an element, ingredient, part or step is not intended to exclude other elements, ingredients, parts or steps.
本说明书中的上述各个实施方式均采用递进的方式描述，各个实施方式之间相同相似部分相互参照即可，每个实施方式重点说明的都是与其他实施方式不同之处。The above-mentioned various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner, and the same or similar parts between the various embodiments can be referenced to each other. Each embodiment focuses on the differences from other embodiments.
以上所述仅为本发明的几个实施方式，虽然本发明所揭露的实施方式如上，但所述内容只是为了便于理解本发明而采用的实施方式，并非用于限定本发明。任何本发明所属技术领域的技术人员，在不脱离本发明所揭露的精神和范围的前提下，可以在实施方式的形式上及细节上作任何的修改与变化，但本发明的专利保护范围，仍须以所附权利要求书所界定的范围为准。The above are only several embodiments of the present invention. Although the embodiments disclosed by the present invention are as above, the above contents are only embodiments adopted for facilitating the understanding of the present invention and are not used to limit the present invention. Any technician in the technical field to which the present invention belongs can make any modification and change in the form and details of the embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope disclosed by the present invention, but the patent protection scope of the present invention shall still be subject to the scope defined by the attached claims.
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