CN114070868A - High-speed data transmission system and method for secondary radar and anti-collision system - Google Patents
High-speed data transmission system and method for secondary radar and anti-collision systemDownload PDFInfo
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- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
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- G01S13/88—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications
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Abstract
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of data processing and transmission, in particular to a high-speed data transmission system and method of a secondary radar and collision avoidance system.
Background
The secondary radar detects and monitors the aircraft through an inquiry response mechanism, including acquiring parameters such as an identity code and a flight altitude of a target, and the antenna beam covers an airspace within a range of action through scanning. The inquiry/receiving beams formed by the mechanical scanning radar are analog synthesis, and the active phased array radar realizes the synthesis of the inquiry/receiving beams by a digital beam forming technology. The mechanical scanning radar forms an inquiry/receiving wave beam with a fixed direction, and the turntable drives the antenna to rotate so as to realize the change of the direction of the wave beam; the normal fixed pointing direction of the active phased array radar antenna is unchanged, and the change of the beam pointing direction is realized by controlling the current phase of each channel, so that secondary radar equipment needs to control the characteristic of radiation signals of each antenna channel, and the secondary phased array radar antenna is more complex and flexible than a mechanical scanning radar. At present, digital beam forming works according to inherent design in signal processing equipment in a secondary radar system of a mechanical scanning system or an active phased array system.
The concept of software radio was first proposed by MITRE corporation's pioneer science and j. The software radio provides a new idea for designing, developing and using radio communication system and equipment, which gets rid of the traditional radio design idea of completely depending on hardware for the purpose, separates the service provided by the system from the fixed circuit mode on a modularized general hardware platform, and utilizes the advantages of programmable software, easy modification, easy maintenance, low cost (less hardware investment) and the like to improve the radio communication development technology to a new height.
The secondary radar system, especially the secondary radar system adopting an active phased array scanning system, can also be designed in a generalized and modularized way based on the software radio idea.
At present, the decoding of response signals of most secondary radars and collision avoidance systems is directly completed by signal processing equipment, data transmitted to display control equipment is point flight path data processed by embedded software, the participation degree of back-end software is low, and the processing flexibility is extremely low.
All TR channel amplitude and phase of the phased array secondary radar are digitally controllable, and the control of the direction and the shape of a receiving and transmitting wave beam is realized. At present, the beam forming, decoding, point trace condensing, track processing and the like of a secondary radar system of most phased array systems are all completed by an FPGA and a PowerPC, the system is fast and efficient, but the system has the defect of low flexibility, and if the performance of the algorithm is improved, the programs solidified by each processing unit in the equipment need to be respectively upgraded, so that the maintainability is poor; simultaneously because the data of all passageway receiving and dispatching all can cause the influence to the performance of system, compare in ground equipment, airborne equipment maintainability is relatively poor, for later stage analysis, just comparatively outstanding to the storage demand of original data.
Therefore, there are many points to be improved in data transmission of the conventional phased array secondary radar system and collision avoidance system, and particularly, in terms of data transmission rate, optimization and improvement are needed to achieve a higher data transmission rate, so that the operation efficiency and reliability of the whole system are improved.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the above-mentioned defects in the prior art, the present invention provides a high-speed data transmission system and method for a secondary radar and collision avoidance system, which provides an effective solution for the secondary radar system and collision avoidance equipment to transmit the received data closer to the antenna to the back-end data processing equipment, and improves the efficiency and reliability of data transmission, thereby improving the operation efficiency and reliability of the whole system.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention specifically adopts the technical scheme that:
a high-speed data transmission system of a secondary radar and collision avoidance system, comprising:
the signal processing module comprises a signal acquisition unit for receiving baseband data and a packaging unit for packaging the baseband data;
the data transmission module comprises an interface unit for connecting the packaging unit and a photoelectric conversion unit for data transmission conversion, and the photoelectric conversion unit is connected with an optical fiber;
the data processing module comprises a network interface unit for receiving optical fiber transmission data, a time sequence recovery unit for demodulating the data, and a data processing unit for analyzing and processing the data.
According to the high-speed data transmission system of the secondary radar and anti-collision system, the signal processing module is used for collecting and processing the data signals, the signal data are packaged and processed after being obtained, and are transmitted to the back-end processing equipment at a high speed through the transmission link, the back-end processing equipment can recover the time sequence to obtain the original data again, and the back-end equipment can improve the speed in the modes of high-performance equipment and the like when data reading is carried out. Therefore, the data can be processed more efficiently on the premise of not improving the performance of the front-end data acquisition equipment and the transmission equipment, and the data can be processed and transmitted at high speed in the process, so that the transmission efficiency is improved.
Further, in the system, the signal obtained by the signal acquisition module is an electrical signal, and the signal is an optical signal in the transmission process, and the process is realized by the photoelectric conversion unit, and specifically, the invention optimizes and provides a feasible choice as follows: the photoelectric conversion unit comprises a single-mode optical module. When the scheme is adopted, the single-mode optical module can provide reliable guarantee in long-distance and high-speed transmission.
Further, in the system, data transmission is performed through an ethernet network, and specifically, the interface unit includes an FPGA for implementing protocols of each layer of the ethernet network.
The above description explains the high-speed data transmission system of the secondary radar and the anti-collision system, and the invention also discloses a corresponding high-speed data transmission method of the secondary radar and the anti-collision system, which specifically comprises the following steps:
a high-speed data transmission method of a secondary radar and collision avoidance system, which applies the data transmission system and is used for transmitting and processing signal data sent in a certain time slot, comprises the following steps:
dividing continuous baseband data in a time slot into a plurality of segments, and filling each segment into a communication message to form a frame;
transmitting the communication message to a receiving party through a gigabit Ethernet;
the receiver receives the communication message and extracts all the fragments from the message, and combines and splices the fragments in the same time slot to recover and obtain the complete baseband data in the time slot;
and performing subsequent processing on the baseband data obtained by recovery.
Further, in the method, a UDP protocol is used as an Ethernet transmission layer protocol, and when baseband data is split, continuous baseband data is split according to the number of sampling points which can be transmitted by the UDP protocol, so that the split fragments form a frame data signal.
Furthermore, a certain time interval exists between two adjacent time slots, when baseband data is split, the baseband data in different time slots are split and then irregularly combined and filled in a communication message, and when data recovery is performed, only the fragments split in the same time slot are combined to recover to obtain the initial baseband data.
Still further, in order to facilitate data recovery, it is necessary to identify the time slot of the signal data, where optimization is performed and one of the feasible options is shown: each slot is marked to form a unique slot ID that is distinct from other slots.
Furthermore, in order to accurately return each segment to the corresponding timeslot and combine the segments according to the correct sequence, an optimized setting is performed and one of the feasible schemes is proposed: and when the baseband data in each time slot is split into a plurality of fragments, marking each fragment in the time slot with a time slot ID and marking an internal serial number.
Furthermore, the baseband data is sent out by a communication message in a splitting and recombining mode, and the sampled baseband data can form a complete communication message after being accumulated for a certain time, so that the following feasible scheme is optimized and provided: and setting a cache in the FPGA, temporarily storing the fragments obtained by splitting the baseband data in the cache, and transmitting the message to a receiver after the fragments in the cache are combined to achieve a complete communication message. When the scheme is adopted, the baseband signal segments acquired at high speed can be temporarily stored conveniently, and the baseband signals can be acquired continuously conveniently; and can form the message rapidly and send out, avoid because transmission blocking or transmission interrupt that problems such as network delay or signal acquisition interrupt cause.
Furthermore, the writing-in of the cache is realized through the signal processing module, the speed is limited, the reading-out of the cache is realized through the gigabit Ethernet, and the reading-out speed is far higher than the writing-in speed, so the cache depth is larger than the number of sampling points of a single communication message.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
in the invention, the baseband data is sampled and packaged and then transmitted at high speed, and the receiver performs data processing after timing recovery; the method can quickly transmit a large amount of data information at the front end to the data processing equipment at the rear end, and high-efficiency processing is carried out through high-performance equipment; and the problems of low efficiency and high cost existing in the process of transmitting data after the data processing module is arranged at the front end for data processing are further solved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, it should be understood that the following drawings only show some embodiments of the present invention, and therefore should not be considered as limiting the scope, and for those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without inventive efforts.
Fig. 1 is a block diagram showing a secondary radar system to which the data transmission system of the present invention is applied.
Fig. 2 is a block diagram of a high-speed data transmission system of the secondary radar and collision avoidance system.
FIG. 3 is a block diagram of a design logic of ten trillion UDP transport logic of FPGA.
Fig. 4 is a time axis in which the interrogation slots and response slots of the secondary radar alternate.
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a data encapsulation process flow.
Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of an ethernet data frame structure.
Fig. 7 is a schematic processing step diagram of a high-speed data transmission method of a secondary radar and collision avoidance system.
Detailed Description
The invention is further explained below with reference to the drawings and the specific embodiments.
It should be noted that the description of the embodiments is provided to help understanding of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited thereto. Specific structural and functional details disclosed herein are merely illustrative of example embodiments of the invention. This invention may, however, be embodied in many alternate forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein.
Example 1
Aiming at the problem that the data transmission of the existing secondary radar system has limited rate, the embodiment is optimized and improved to solve the problem in the prior art.
As shown in fig. 2, a high-speed data transmission system of a secondary radar and collision avoidance system includes:
the signal processing module comprises a signal acquisition unit for receiving baseband data and a packaging unit for packaging the baseband data;
the data transmission module comprises an interface unit for connecting the packaging unit and a photoelectric conversion unit for data transmission conversion, and the photoelectric conversion unit is connected with an optical fiber;
preferably, the interface unit in this embodiment adopts a high-speed transmission interface.
The FPGA tera network interface adopts Xilinx 10G Ethernet PCS/PMA core and 10G Ethernet MAC core to realize an Ethernet link layer, and a network layer (IP) and a transmission layer protocol (UDP) are directly realized by using a hardware description language.
The data processing module comprises a network interface unit for receiving optical fiber transmission data, a time sequence recovery unit for demodulating the data, and a data processing unit for analyzing and processing the data.
According to the high-speed data transmission system of the secondary radar and anti-collision system, the signal processing module is used for collecting and processing the data signals, the signal data are packaged and processed after being obtained, and are transmitted to the back-end processing equipment at a high speed through the transmission link, the back-end processing equipment can recover the time sequence to obtain the original data again, and the back-end equipment can improve the speed in the modes of high-performance equipment and the like when data reading is carried out. Therefore, the data can be processed more efficiently on the premise of not improving the performance of the front-end data acquisition equipment and the transmission equipment, and the data can be processed and transmitted at high speed in the process, so that the transmission efficiency is improved.
In the system, the signal acquired by the signal acquisition module is an electrical signal, and the signal is an optical signal in the transmission process, which is realized by the photoelectric conversion unit, specifically, the present embodiment is optimized and adopts one of the following feasible options: the photoelectric conversion unit comprises a single-mode optical module. When the scheme is adopted, the single-mode optical module can provide reliable guarantee in long-distance and high-speed transmission.
In the system, data transmission is performed through an ethernet network, and specifically, the interface unit includes an FPGA for implementing protocols of each layer of the ethernet network.
As shown in fig. 1, the secondary radar signal processing device adopts an FPGA + single-mode optical module to realize a gigabit ethernet interface, and the single-mode optical module realizes photoelectric signal conversion; the Ethernet layer protocol is realized by FPGA, the line rate of the gigabit network is 10.3125Gbps, and the FPGA needs to select a high-speed serial interface to support the rate grade of the line rate of 10.3125 Gb.
The FPGA tera network interface adoptsXilinx 10G Ethernet PCS/PMA core and 10G Ethernet MAC core to realize an Ethernet link layer, and a network layer (IP) and a transmission layer protocol (UDP) are directly realized by using a hardware description language.
Example 2
The content of the above embodiment describes a high-speed data transmission system of a secondary radar and collision avoidance system, and this embodiment also discloses a corresponding high-speed data transmission method of a secondary radar and collision avoidance system, which is specifically as follows:
as shown in fig. 3 to 7, a high-speed data transmission method for a secondary radar and collision avoidance system, which applies the data transmission system and is used for transmitting and processing signal data transmitted in a certain time slot, includes:
s1, dividing continuous baseband data in the time slot into a plurality of fragments, and filling each fragment into a communication message to form a frame;
s2, transmitting the communication message to a receiver through a gigabit Ethernet network;
s3, the receiver receives the communication message and extracts all the segments from the message, and combines and splices the segments in the same time slot to recover and obtain the complete baseband data in the time slot;
and S4, carrying out subsequent processing on the recovered baseband data.
In the method, a UDP protocol is used as an Ethernet transmission layer protocol, and when baseband data is split, continuous baseband data is split according to the number of sampling points which can be transmitted by the UDP protocol, so that the split fragments form a frame data signal. The UDP protocol provides connectionless transmission, connection does not need to be established before communication, data is allowed to be accidentally lost and cannot be retransmitted, data blockage cannot be caused even if packet loss occurs in a communication link, and the method is suitable for real-time transmission of continuous data.
A certain time interval exists between two adjacent time slots, when baseband data are split, the baseband data in different time slots are split and then irregularly combined and filled into a communication message, and when data recovery is carried out, only the fragments split in the same time slot are combined to recover and obtain initial baseband data.
Preferably, the secondary radar monitors the aircraft by adopting an inquiry response mechanism, inquiry and response are carried out in a time-sharing manner, and a time axis consists of alternate inquiry time slots and response time slots; the data signal in the response time slot of the secondary radar signal thus belongs to the object to be acquired. Similarly, in the application of the collision avoidance system, the signal time sequence is the same as the secondary radar time sequence, so the method disclosed in this embodiment can also be used to realize the high-speed data transmission of the collision avoidance system.
In order to facilitate data recovery, it is necessary to identify the time slots of the signal data, where optimization is performed and one of the possible options is adopted: each slot is marked to form a unique slot ID that is distinct from other slots.
In order to make it easier to accurately return each segment to the corresponding time slot and combine them in the correct order, the optimization is performed here and one of the possible schemes is adopted: and when the baseband data in each time slot is split into a plurality of fragments, marking each fragment in the time slot with a time slot ID and marking an internal serial number.
The baseband data is sent out by a communication message in a split and recombination mode, and the sampled baseband data can form a complete communication message after being accumulated for a certain time, so that the optimization is carried out and a feasible scheme is adopted: as shown in fig. 5, a buffer is provided in the FPGA, the fragments obtained by splitting the baseband data are temporarily stored in the buffer, and when the fragments in the buffer are packaged to obtain a complete communication packet, the packet is transmitted to the receiver. When the scheme is adopted, the baseband signal segments acquired at high speed can be temporarily stored conveniently, and the baseband signals can be acquired continuously conveniently; and can form the message rapidly and send out, avoid because transmission blocking or transmission interrupt that problems such as network delay or signal acquisition interrupt cause.
Preferably, because the UDP protocol is used in this embodiment, the communication packet is a UDP packet, and in order to facilitate accurate decoding of the backend data processing, information such as a corresponding query mode, a query beam direction, and the like of the secondary radar in the current query response time slot needs to be filled in the UDP frame.
Preferably, as shown in fig. 3, the writing of the buffer is implemented by the signal processing module, the speed of the buffer is limited, and the reading of the buffer is implemented by the gigabit ethernet, so that the reading rate is much higher than the writing rate, and therefore the buffer depth is larger than the number of sampling points of a single communication packet.
In this embodiment, when the above method is used to process data, the writing rate of the cache data is fs, the reading is ten-gigabit transmission logic interface clock fr, and since the reading rate fr is much greater than the writing rate fs, the cache depth must be greater than the number of sampling points encapsulated by a single UDP packet.
The length of the response time slot is closely related to the action distance of the secondary radar, and the total number of sampling points n in one response time slot is set as R (unit: Km)sComprises the following steps:
wherein c is the speed of light (unit: m/s).
From the foregoing, the data for one sample point is:
byte, if the length of each UDP message is L (byte), then a message can transmit the number of sampling points NLComprises the following steps:
byte, UDP frame number n required to transmit data in one response slotfComprises the following steps:
in this embodiment, a data server is used to process data, the data processing server performs back-end processing on received data by using a response time slot as a unit, baseband data in a discrete message transmitted by a gigabit network needs to be extracted and timing recovery is completed, and start and end points of the response time slot are detected, so that a frame number field in the response time slot is added to a UDP frame for identification, thereby realizing the function; also, for backend processing, each reply slot should have a separate slot ID number (0-n)f-1); the back-end data processing is to be performedAnd in addition, the information such as the corresponding inquiry mode, inquiry beam direction and the like of the secondary radar in the current inquiry response time slot are filled in the UDP frame.
The above embodiments are just exemplified in the present embodiment, but the present embodiment is not limited to the above alternative embodiments, and those skilled in the art can obtain other various embodiments by arbitrarily combining with each other according to the above embodiments, and any other various embodiments can be obtained by anyone in light of the present embodiment. The above detailed description should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present embodiments, which should be defined in the claims, and the description should be used for interpreting the claims.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a secondary radar and collision avoidance system's high-speed data transmission system which characterized in that includes:
the signal processing module comprises a signal acquisition unit for receiving baseband data and a packaging unit for packaging the baseband data;
the data transmission module comprises an interface unit for connecting the packaging unit and a photoelectric conversion unit for data transmission conversion, and the photoelectric conversion unit is connected with an optical fiber;
the data processing module comprises a network interface unit for receiving optical fiber transmission data, a time sequence recovery unit for demodulating the data, and a data processing unit for analyzing and processing the data.
2. The high-speed data transmission system of a secondary radar and collision avoidance system of claim 1, wherein: the photoelectric conversion unit comprises a single-mode optical module.
3. The high-speed data transmission system of a secondary radar and collision avoidance system of claim 1, wherein: the interface unit comprises an FPGA for realizing Ethernet each layer protocol.
4. A high-speed data transmission method of a secondary radar and collision avoidance system, which applies the data transmission system of any one of claims 1 to 3, and is used for transmitting and processing signal data transmitted in a certain time slot, comprising:
dividing continuous baseband data in a time slot into a plurality of segments, and filling each segment into a communication message to form a frame;
transmitting the communication message to a receiving party through a gigabit Ethernet;
the receiver receives the communication message and extracts all the fragments from the message, and combines and splices the fragments in the same time slot to recover and obtain the complete baseband data in the time slot;
and performing subsequent processing on the baseband data obtained by recovery.
5. The high-speed data transmission method of a secondary radar and collision avoidance system according to claim 4, wherein: and when the baseband data is split, the continuous baseband data is split according to the number of sampling points which can be transmitted by the UDP protocol, so that the split fragments form a frame data signal.
6. The high-speed data transmission method of a secondary radar and collision avoidance system according to claim 4, wherein: a certain time interval exists between two adjacent time slots, when baseband data are split, the baseband data in different time slots are split and then irregularly combined and filled into a communication message, and when data recovery is carried out, only the fragments split in the same time slot are combined to recover and obtain initial baseband data.
7. The high-speed data transmission method of the secondary radar and collision avoidance system according to any one of claims 4 to 6, wherein: each slot is marked to form a unique slot ID that is distinct from other slots.
8. The high-speed data transmission method of a secondary radar and collision avoidance system according to claim 7, wherein: and when the baseband data in each time slot is split into a plurality of fragments, marking each fragment in the time slot with a time slot ID and marking an internal serial number.
9. The high-speed data transmission method of a secondary radar and collision avoidance system according to claim 4, wherein: and setting a cache in the FPGA, temporarily storing the fragments obtained by splitting the baseband data in the cache, and transmitting the message to a receiver after the fragments in the cache are combined to achieve a complete communication message.
10. The high-speed data transmission method of a secondary radar and collision avoidance system according to claim 9, wherein: the cache depth is larger than the number of sampling points of a single communication message.
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