CN114063015B - Multi-channel 77GHz low-profile microstrip antenna array structure - Google Patents
Multi-channel 77GHz low-profile microstrip antenna array structureDownload PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN114063015B CN114063015BCN202111341113.4ACN202111341113ACN114063015BCN 114063015 BCN114063015 BCN 114063015BCN 202111341113 ACN202111341113 ACN 202111341113ACN 114063015 BCN114063015 BCN 114063015B
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- antenna
- array
- short
- arrays
- range
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
- 238000003491arrayMethods0.000claimsabstractdescription88
- 239000013598vectorSubstances0.000claimsdescription18
- 238000005259measurementMethods0.000abstractdescription12
- 230000006835compressionEffects0.000abstractdescription3
- 238000007906compressionMethods0.000abstractdescription3
- 230000008447perceptionEffects0.000abstractdescription3
- 230000005540biological transmissionEffects0.000description12
- 238000005516engineering processMethods0.000description12
- 238000010586diagramMethods0.000description9
- 238000000034methodMethods0.000description8
- 230000008569processEffects0.000description7
- 239000000758substrateSubstances0.000description6
- 229910000577Silicon-germaniumInorganic materials0.000description5
- 230000008901benefitEffects0.000description5
- 238000013461designMethods0.000description5
- 230000008878couplingEffects0.000description4
- 238000010168coupling processMethods0.000description4
- 238000005859coupling reactionMethods0.000description4
- 238000001514detection methodMethods0.000description4
- 230000005855radiationEffects0.000description4
- 238000009825accumulationMethods0.000description3
- 230000000694effectsEffects0.000description3
- 230000007613environmental effectEffects0.000description3
- 239000002184metalSubstances0.000description3
- 229910052751metalInorganic materials0.000description3
- 230000009286beneficial effectEffects0.000description2
- 230000015572biosynthetic processEffects0.000description2
- 230000008859changeEffects0.000description2
- 238000003780insertionMethods0.000description2
- 230000037431insertionEffects0.000description2
- -1lnPChemical class0.000description2
- 238000004519manufacturing processMethods0.000description2
- 238000012986modificationMethods0.000description2
- 230000004048modificationEffects0.000description2
- 230000003071parasitic effectEffects0.000description2
- 238000012545processingMethods0.000description2
- SWPMTVXRLXPNDP-UHFFFAOYSA-N4-hydroxy-2,6,6-trimethylcyclohexene-1-carbaldehydeChemical compoundCC1=C(C=O)C(C)(C)CC(O)C1SWPMTVXRLXPNDP-UHFFFAOYSA-N0.000description1
- 229910001218Gallium arsenideInorganic materials0.000description1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-NSiliconChemical compound[Si]XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N0.000description1
- 230000009471actionEffects0.000description1
- 230000004075alterationEffects0.000description1
- 239000000919ceramicSubstances0.000description1
- 150000001875compoundsChemical class0.000description1
- 238000009826distributionMethods0.000description1
- 230000006870functionEffects0.000description1
- 230000010354integrationEffects0.000description1
- 238000002360preparation methodMethods0.000description1
- 229920006395saturated elastomerPolymers0.000description1
- 239000004065semiconductorSubstances0.000description1
- 229910052710siliconInorganic materials0.000description1
- 239000010703siliconSubstances0.000description1
- 238000004088simulationMethods0.000description1
- 238000006467substitution reactionMethods0.000description1
- 238000003786synthesis reactionMethods0.000description1
- 238000012360testing methodMethods0.000description1
- 239000010409thin filmSubstances0.000description1
Images
Classifications
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
- G01S7/02—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S13/00
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
- G01S13/02—Systems using reflection of radio waves, e.g. primary radar systems; Analogous systems
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
- G01S7/02—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S13/00
- G01S7/41—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S13/00 using analysis of echo signal for target characterisation; Target signature; Target cross-section
- G01S7/415—Identification of targets based on measurements of movement associated with the target
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
- Remote Sensing (AREA)
- Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of millimeter wave radar antennas, in particular to a multi-channel 77GHz low-profile microstrip antenna array.
Background
The traditional millimeter wave radar system generally divides radar subsystems by modules, and adopts integrated chip radio frequency channel design for realizing integrated and miniaturized radar design.
The 77G radar has the characteristics of higher frequency and higher integration difficulty compared with the 24G radar. The radar system has the characteristics of light weight, small volume, high system assembly density and multiple assembly layers, and has extremely high requirements on the assembly process. The high-density and high-reliability assembly process is the guarantee of system success. The assembly technology comprises multi-aspect and multi-level technologies such as environment control, jig design and preparation, substrate integrity control and detection, assembly on-line detection, bonding process and the like.
The domestic 77GHz front-end chip is based on the standard 0.13-mum SiGe BiCMOS process to realize the 77GHz radar integrated front-end based on the SiGe process, and comprises a 77GHz transmitter chip, a 77GHz receiver chip and a 20GHz frequency source chip. SiGe technology has unique advantages over CMOS and iii-v compounds such as lnP, gaAs, etc., especially in the high frequency region of 77 GHz.
The SiGe technology can achieve better high frequency performance at lower cost, and especially in mass production, compared to the GaAs compound technology, the SiGe technology has a great price advantage and is suitable for mass production.
The existing planar antenna layout can only realize the accurate measurement of the azimuth or the distance, cannot realize the accurate measurement of the pitch angle, and then cannot realize the three-dimensional space measurement of the target, which can generate obstacles to the attribute understanding of the target and is not beneficial to the understanding of the specific characteristics of the target.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a multi-channel 77GHz low-profile microstrip antenna array structure, which realizes three-dimensional space electromagnetic scanning and signal acquisition through reasonable space two-dimensional planar array layout. The three-dimensional information acquisition of high-resolution and pitching angle measurement of the system is achieved. Including at least one long range antenna and at least one short range antenna;
each remote antenna comprises m (m is a positive integer) transmitting elements;
the multiple remote antennas share n (n is a positive integer) receiving arrays;
each short-range antenna comprises a (a is a positive integer) transmitting elements;
b (b is a positive integer) receiving elements are shared by a plurality of remote antennas;
the position vectors of the transmitting arrays of the remote antenna are r respectivelyTx X =1,2.. M, the position vectors of the receiving elements of the remote antennas are r respectivelyTy ，y＝1,2,..n；
The position vectors of the transmitting elements of the short-range antenna are r respectivelyRi A, the position vectors of the receiving elements of the proximity antenna are r, respectivelyRj ，j＝1,2,..b；
According to the cooperative array equivalence, the position vector of the equivalent receiving array of the remote antenna is:
r1＝{rij |rij ＝rTx +rTy ；x＝1,2，y＝1,2,..n}；
the position vector of the equivalent receive array of the proximity antenna is:
r2＝{rij |rij ＝rRi +rRj ；i＝1,2,..m，j＝1,2,..n}；
the equivalent receiving array aperture of the remote antenna is the sum of the array apertures of all receiving arrays of the remote antenna;
the equivalent receiving array aperture of the short-range antenna is the sum of the apertures of all receiving array sub-arrays of the short-range antenna;
the m transmitting elements of the remote antenna work in a time-sharing manner to form apertures of m × n receiving elements:
the a transmitting elements of the short-range antenna work in a time-sharing mode to form apertures of a multiplied by b receiving elements.
The further scheme is that the m transmitting arrays and the n receiving arrays of the remote antenna respectively comprise three rows of microstrip antennas, the m transmitting arrays are arranged into m rows, the n receiving arrays are arranged into n rows, sixteen chip arrays are arranged on two sides of the outer surface of each row of microstrip antennas in an equidistant staggered mode, the spacing of the chip arrays is 0.125 lambda, and the lambda is the wavelength of transmitted electromagnetic waves and is 4mm.
The further scheme is that each of a transmitting array and b receiving arrays of the short-range antenna comprises two rows of micro-strip antennas, wherein a transmitting arrays are arranged in a row, b receiving arrays are arranged in b rows, eight flaky arrays are arranged on two sides of the outer surface of each row of micro-strip antennas in an equidistant staggered mode, the spacing of the flaky arrays is 0.125 lambda, and the lambda is the wavelength of transmitted electromagnetic waves and is 4mm.
The further scheme is that m transmitting arrays in the same remote antenna have intervals in a pitching dimension, and the intervals of different remote antennas are different.
The further scheme is that a transmitting arrays in the same short-range antenna have intervals in a pitch dimension, and the intervals of different short-range antennas are different.
The further scheme is that a transmitting array and a receiving array in the same short-range antenna are connected with the same short-range radio frequency front-end chip; the transmitting arrays of the different short-range antennas are respectively connected with different short-range radio frequency front-end chips; and the two short-range radio frequency front-end chips are mutually cascaded.
The further scheme is that a transmitting array and a receiving array in the same remote antenna are connected with the same remote radio frequency front-end chip;
the transmitting arrays of the different remote antennas are respectively connected with the different remote radio frequency front-end chips;
and the two remote radio frequency front-end chips are mutually cascaded.
The further scheme is that the remote radio frequency front-end chip and the short-range radio frequency front-end chip respectively comprise a transmitter chip and a receiver chip, and the transmitter chip and the receiver chip are respectively connected with the short-range antenna or the remote antenna through microstrip lines.
The transmitter chip comprises a transmitter circuit module, wherein the transmitter circuit module comprises a frequency multiplier, a bi-phase modulator, a driving amplifier, a power amplifier and a power amplifier module, the frequency multiplier, the bi-phase modulator and the driving amplifier are sequentially connected, the power amplifier module comprises a plurality of power amplifiers which are connected with the driving amplifier, and the output end of each power amplifier is connected with a transmitting array of a short-range antenna or a long-range antenna.
Further, the antenna array structure adopts a scanning mode of digital beam forming DBF, and can simultaneously cover near/remote space beams.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the antenna array structure adopts the serial feed micro-strip comb array as the linear array form of the receiving and transmitting antenna array, and the micro-strip series feed array has small loss due to simple and compact feed network; meanwhile, the phase comparison angle measurement of pitching is realized through reasonable longitudinal arrangement of the antenna arrays, and the perception of a target three-dimensional space is realized;
the invention can realize the separated operation of the radar antenna array, and when the multi-array works in a time-sharing way, a plurality of transmitting arrays simultaneously transmit and receive, the azimuth elevation covers the near area, and the distance covers 0-100 m; when a plurality of arrays work in a combined mode, the azimuth pitch covers a far area and the distance covers 100-1000 m. The antenna array adopts a scanning mode of digital beam forming DBF, and has the advantage of simultaneous coverage of near/remote space beams;
the invention realizes the high resolution of the system azimuth and the pitching phase comparison angle measurement. The compression of azimuth beam angles is realized by the modes of aperture cascade expansion, digital beam forming and the like, and the azimuth high-resolution capability of the system is improved; and the high-bandwidth distance high-resolution technology is assisted to form the high-resolution of the azimuth distance of the target. And the method has great advantages for the subsequent accurate identification and matching processing of the target.
The invention realizes a radar multi-beam DBF angle measuring system. And the application scene can be updated in real time, the self-adaptive capacity is improved, and the target tracking reliability is improved. And the speed measurement can be carried out by utilizing the Doppler information of the target echo, so that the dead reckoning capability of multiple targets is improved. In the multi-sensor environment sensing system, the radar can keep a longer working distance under various climates and environmental conditions, can find a target in advance and classify and identify the target, further provides target guidance for other sensors and helps a vehicle-road cooperative system to better establish understanding of the environment.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a diagram of a remote antenna array layout structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a diagram of a proximity antenna array layout structure in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of an equivalent aperture of the remote antenna receiving array of fig. 1;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of an equivalent aperture of the receiving array of the proximity antenna of FIG. 2;
fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a layout structure of long-range and short-range transmitting antennas of an antenna array structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram illustrating connection between an antenna array structure and a radio frequency front end chip according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic circuit diagram illustrating a cascade connection of two RF front-end chips according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a transmitter chip according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of a power amplifier in a transmitter circuit module according to an embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1-2, one embodiment of the present invention discloses a multi-channel 77GHz low-profile microstrip antenna array structure, which includes two remote antennas (i.e., a first remote antenna and a second remote antenna) and two short-range antennas (i.e., a first short-range antenna and a second short-range antenna);
each remote antenna comprises 2 transmitting elements, and the two remote antennas share 8 receiving elements;
each short-range antenna comprises 2 transmitting elements, and two long-range antennas share 8 receiving elements;
the position vectors of the transmitting elements of the remote antenna are rTx (x =1, 2), the position vectors of the receiving elements of the remote antennas are r respectivelyTy (y＝1,2,..8)；
The position vectors of the transmitting elements of the short-range antenna are rRi (i =1, 2), the position vectors of the receiving elements of the short-range antennas are rRj (j＝1,2,..8)；
According to the cooperative array equivalence, the position vector of the equivalent receiving array of the remote antenna is:
r1＝{rij |rij ＝rTx +rTy ；x＝1,2，y＝1,2,..8}；
the position vector of the equivalent receive array of the proximity antenna is:
r2＝{rij |rij ＝rRi +rRj ；i＝1,2，j＝1,2,..8}；
from the above formula, the equivalent receiving array aperture of the remote antenna is the sum of the array apertures of the receiving arrays of the remote antenna;
the equivalent receiving array aperture of the short-range antenna is the sum of the apertures of all receiving array sub-arrays of the short-range antenna;
the 2 transmitting elements of each remote antenna work in a time-sharing mode, and the aperture of 2 × 8=16 receiving elements is formed through time accumulation: i.e. to form the actual effect of 1 shot 16 as shown in fig. 3.
The 2 transmitting elements of the short-range antenna work in a time-sharing mode, and the aperture of 2 × 8=16 receiving elements is formed through time accumulation: i.e. to form the actual effect of 1-shot 16-shot as shown in fig. 4.
2 transmission array of remote antenna of this embodiment timesharing transmission electromagnetic wave in proper order, through accumulating formation equivalent antenna aperture to received signal, 8 reception array can be the equivalent aperture for 16 receiving antenna, and array aperture grow one time has improved the resolution ratio of position dimension. The antenna array structure of the embodiment of the invention adopts an array form combining the long-range antenna and the short-range antenna, thereby realizing large-scale scanning observation. The problem that the scanning area of the conventional antenna array structure which can only observe a short distance or a long distance is limited can be solved.
In a similar way, 2 transmitting arrays of each short-range antenna of this embodiment transmit electromagnetic waves in a time-sharing manner in sequence, and form equivalent antenna apertures by accumulating received signals, 8 receiving arrays can be equivalent to apertures of 16 receiving antennas, and the aperture of the array is doubled in size, so that the resolution of the azimuth dimension is improved. The antenna array structure adopts the serial feed micro-strip comb array as the linear array form of the receiving and transmitting antenna array, and the micro-strip series feed array has small loss due to simple and compact feed network;
it should be noted that the number of transmitting elements and the number of receiving elements of the long-range antenna and the short-range antenna in the embodiments of the present invention are not limited to the numbers disclosed above, and may be specifically combined according to actual requirements. Other numbers of transmit and receive arrays are also within the scope of the present application.
2 transmission array cooperation 64 receiving array, 4 transmission array cooperation 32 receiving array can both reach 128 receiving antenna's reception effect. In general, the accumulation time required by the antenna combination of 2 transmitting arrays 64 is short, the engineering is good, and the universality is strong.
In this embodiment, each of the 2 transmitting elements and 8 receiving elements of the remote antenna includes three rows of microstrip antennas, and the 2 transmitting elements are arranged in two rows; eight rows of 8 receiving arrays are arranged, sixteen sheet arrays are arranged on two sides of the outer surface of each micro-strip antenna in each row in an equidistant staggered mode, the spacing of the sheet arrays is 0.125 lambda, and the lambda is the wavelength of transmitted electromagnetic waves and is 4mm, and the same applies below.
In this embodiment, 2 transmitting arrays and 8 receiving arrays of the short-range antenna all include two rows of microstrip antennas, 2 transmitting arrays are arranged into two rows, 8 receiving arrays are arranged into 8 rows, 8 chip arrays are arranged on two sides of the outer surface of each row of microstrip antenna in an equidistance staggered manner, the distance between the chip arrays is 0.125 lambda, and the lambda is the wavelength of the transmitted electromagnetic wave and is 4mm.
The remote antenna of this embodiment can improve the gain of whole antenna through increasing microstrip antenna's column number to and increase the quantity of sheet-like array, can possess the ability of long-range detection target.
In this embodiment, the pitch dimensions of two transmitting arrays in the same remote antenna are the same, and there is a distance between the pitch dimensions of two transmitting arrays of different remote antennas.
The pitch dimensions of two transmitting arrays in the same short-range antenna are the same, and the pitch dimensions of the two transmitting arrays of different short-range antennas have a distance.
In the embodiment, the pitch dimensions of the transmitting arrays of the different short-range antennas or the transmitting antennas have intervals, so that the radar has the capability of comparing the phase and the angle point in the pitch dimensions, and the perception of a target three-dimensional space is realized.
In this embodiment, the transmitting array and the receiving array in the same short-range antenna are connected to the same short-range radio frequency front-end chip; the transmitting arrays of the different short-range antennas are respectively connected with the different short-range radio frequency front-end chips;
and the two short-range radio frequency front-end chips are mutually cascaded.
The transmitting array and the receiving array in the same remote antenna are connected with the same remote radio frequency front-end chip;
transmitting arrays of different remote antennas are respectively connected with different remote radio frequency front-end chips;
and the two remote radio frequency front-end chips are mutually cascaded.
As shown in fig. 5, in this embodiment, two columns of transmitting elements of the first proximity antenna are located on one side, and two columns of transmitting elements of the second proximity antenna are located on the other side of the two columns of transmitting elements of the first proximity antenna.
The two transmitting elements of the first proximity antenna are spaced λ apart in the azimuth dimension and 0.5 λ apart in the elevation dimension.
The interval of the two transmitting arrays of the second short-range antenna in the azimuth dimension is lambda; and spaced 0.25 lambda apart in the pitch dimension.
The first proximity antenna and the second proximity antenna are spaced apart in the azimuth dimension by 4 λ.
The transmitting arrays of the two short-range antennas of the embodiment are provided with different pitching dimension position intervals, so that phase changes at different moments can be formed, and the measurement of the short-range target height is realized through the phase changes.
Two columns of transmitting arrays of a remote antenna in this embodiment are located one side, and two columns of transmitting arrays of a remote antenna are located the other side of two columns of transmitting arrays of a remote antenna.
The two transmitting elements of remote antenna number one are spaced at λ in the azimuth dimension and 0.5 λ apart in the elevation dimension.
The two transmitting arrays of the second remote antenna have a lambda spacing in the azimuth dimension; and spaced 0.25 lambda apart in the pitch dimension.
The first proximity antenna and the second proximity antenna are spaced apart in the azimuth dimension by 6 λ.
The transmitting arrays of the two short-range antennas of the embodiment are provided with different pitching dimension position intervals, so that phase changes at different moments can be formed, and the measurement of the height of a long-range target is realized through the change of the phase.
As shown in fig. 5, in this embodiment, two transmitting arrays of the first remote antenna are connected to the first remote rf front-end chip, two transmitting arrays of the second remote antenna are connected to the second remote rf front-end chip, four receiving arrays of eight receiving arrays shared by the first remote antenna and the second remote antenna are connected to the first remote rf front-end chip, and the other four receiving arrays are connected to the second remote rf front-end chip, so as to implement cascade connection of the first remote rf front-end chip and the second remote rf front-end chip;
two transmitting arrays of the first short-range antenna are connected with the first short-range radio frequency front-end chip, two transmitting arrays of the second short-range antenna are connected with the second short-range radio frequency front-end chip, four receiving arrays of eight receiving arrays shared by the first short-range antenna and the second short-range antenna are connected with the first short-range radio frequency front-end chip, and the other four receiving arrays are connected with the second short-range radio frequency front-end chip, so that the cascade connection of the first short-range radio frequency front-end chip and the second short-range radio frequency front-end chip is realized;
according to the embodiment, the compression of the azimuth beam angle is realized by the modes of aperture cascade expansion, digital beam forming and the like of the two radio frequency front-end chips, and the azimuth high-resolution capability of the system is improved.
As shown in fig. 6, the remote radio frequency front end chip and the short-range radio frequency front end chip in this embodiment each include a transmitter chip and a receiver chip, where the transmitter chip and the receiver chip are connected to the short-range antenna or the remote antenna through microstrip lines, respectively; the radio frequency front-end chip of the embodiment adopts a linear continuous wave Frequency Modulation (FMCW) mode to measure the distance and the speed, and integrates all parts except an antenna and a digital signal processor on a single chip.
As shown in fig. 7, the transmitter chip includes a transmitter circuit module, the transmitter circuit module includes a frequency multiplier, a bi-phase modulator, a driving amplifier, a power amplifier and a power amplifier module, the frequency multiplier, the bi-phase modulator and the driving amplifier are connected in sequence, the power amplifier module includes a plurality of power amplifiers connected to the driving amplifier, and an output end of each of the power amplifiers is connected to a transmitting array of a short-range antenna or a long-range antenna.
The integrated design of the microstrip antenna and a plurality of radio frequency transceiver chips is realized by adopting a low-loss microwave substrate, so that the miniaturization and low cost of the microwave front end are realized. The microwave substrate comprises different functional modules, and radio-frequency signals are transmitted among the antenna array surface, the feed network and the radio-frequency transceiver chip through the interconnection structure. In 77GHz frequency band, the characteristics of low loss, low cost, easy assembly, high reliability, small size and the like of the interconnection structure are particularly important. Indexes such as gain, bandwidth and the like of the receiver can be conveniently configured on chip through the SPI so as to be suitable for various application scenes.
Common radio frequency interconnection modes include gold wire bonding, flip chip bonding and the like; in addition, integrated Passive Device (IPD) technology based on silicon-based thin film technology, co-fired ceramic (LTCC, HTCC) technology, and even semiconductor chip technology has begun to show its advantages in the field of miniaturized electrical interconnections. In the interconnection of the radio frequency transceiving chip, the antenna and the passive circuit, BGA flip-chip bonding, gold wire bonding and other processes and technologies are adopted, the interconnection strength is ensured, and meanwhile, the broadband matching and transmission requirements among the radio frequency transceiving chip, the microstrip antenna and the passive circuit are met.
In addition, in order to improve the electromagnetic compatibility of the system, avoid the radio frequency transceiver chip from being interfered by external electromagnetic signals and simultaneously avoid the radiation interference generated by the radio frequency transceiver chip, and comprehensively consider the requirements of miniaturization and light weight, an integrally formed metal shielding cover is adopted to shield a plurality of radio frequency transceiver chips on a microwave substrate, the metal shielding cover is welded on the stratum of the microwave substrate, and the radio frequency transceiver chip is arranged in a quasi-closed structure wrapped by the metal shielding cover and the stratum of the microwave substrate, so that the electromagnetic compatibility of the system is improved.
The radio frequency transmitting chip mainly comprises a frequency multiplier, a two-phase modulator and a power amplifier. Wherein, the 77GHz power amplifier is a transmitting core device. Meanwhile, the power amplifier should have a self-adaptive adjustment function, and can have stable output power under different environmental temperatures, and the power amplifier includes a power detection circuit, a temperature sensing circuit, a digital control bias circuit, and the like. The two-phase modulator realizes 0 DEG/180 DEG phase modulation and is used for transmitting and phase shifting of the diversity phased array radar. It should be noted that the transmitter chip of the present embodiment is an existing chip, and its internal connection structure is common knowledge of those skilled in the art, so that detailed description is omitted in this application.
In addition, as shown in fig. 9, the power amplifier of the present embodiment employs a power combining type W-Band power amplifier, which performs power combining using a modified Marchand Band based on a coupled transmission line. The traditional Marchand Balun needs two sections of 1/4 wavelength transmission lines, consumes a large amount of chip area and increases insertion loss.
In this embodiment, the parasitic capacitance of the output transistor and the parasitic capacitance of the output PAD are absorbed into the power combiner, and the coupling coefficient of the coupling transmission line is designed to be 0.6, so that the length of the coupling transmission line can be reduced from 1/4 wavelength to about 1/12 wavelength, and the area consumption and the insertion loss are reduced. According to the idea, a power amplifier working in W-Band (75-110 GHz) is designed, the output stage adopts the improved Marchand Band for power synthesis, and the intermediate stage adopts a transformer for inter-stage matching. The whole circuit is realized by adopting a 65nm CMOS process, and test results show that the saturated output power of the amplifier is 11.9dBm at 87GHz under the power supply voltage of 1.0V, the peak value PAE is 9.0 percent, and the chip area is 0.77x0.48mm2 。
Unexpected radiation is easy to occur at discontinuous positions of feeder line corners, power distribution and the like, so microstrip plates with lower loss angles and thinner thicknesses are selected in antenna design, simulation and processing.
Because the antenna linear arrays are arranged in the array, because the distance between the antenna linear arrays is small, fields among the linear arrays can interfere with each other, electromagnetic coupling is strong, amplitude and phase of antenna radiation units are easy to change, and radiation patterns are easy to distort, and therefore balanced antenna linear arrays which are not directly fed are designed and added in the antenna array layout, and the difference of electromagnetic environments of the linear arrays is reduced.
The microstrip transmission lines are large in number and long in length, so that transmission loss is large, the positions and angles of chips need to be reasonably arranged, the length of the transmission lines is reduced as much as possible, and lower-loss turning and T-shaped power dividers are used.
The antenna array structure of the embodiment adopts a scanning mode of digital beam forming DBF, can simultaneously cover near/remote space beams and realize a radar multi-beam DBF angle measurement system. And the application scene can be updated in real time, the self-adaptive capacity is improved, and the target tracking reliability is improved. And the speed measurement can be carried out by utilizing the Doppler information of the target echo, so that the dead reckoning capability of multiple targets is improved. In the multi-sensor environment sensing system, the radar can keep a longer action distance under various climates and environmental conditions, can find a target in advance and classify and identify the target, further provides target guidance for other sensors and helps a vehicle-road cooperative system to better establish understanding of the environment.
Finally, only specific embodiments of the present invention are described in detail above. The invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described above. Equivalent modifications and substitutions by those skilled in the art are also within the scope of the present invention. Accordingly, equivalent alterations and modifications are intended to be included within the scope of the invention, without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (8)
1. A multi-channel 77GHz low-profile microstrip antenna array structure is characterized in that:
including at least one long range antenna and at least one short range antenna;
each remote antenna comprises m transmitting elements, wherein m is a positive integer;
the plurality of remote antennas share n receiving arrays, wherein n is a positive integer;
each short-range antenna comprises a transmitting elements, wherein a is a positive integer;
b receiving elements are shared by a plurality of remote antennas, and b is a positive integer;
the position vectors of the transmitting arrays of the remote antenna are r respectivelyTx X =1,2,. M, the position vectors of the receiving elements of the remote antennas being r, respectivelyTy ，y＝1,2,..n；
The position vectors of the transmitting elements of the short-range antenna are rRi I =1,2.. A, the position vectors of the receiving elements of the proximity antennas are r, respectivelyRj ，j＝1,2,..b；
According to the cooperative array equivalence, the position vector of the equivalent receiving array of the remote antenna is:
r1＝{rij|| rij ＝rTx +rTy ；x＝1,2,..m，y＝1,2,..n}；
the position vector of the equivalent receive array of the proximity antenna is:
r2＝{rij|| rij ＝rRi +rRj ；i＝1,2,..a，j＝1,2,..b}；
the equivalent receiving array aperture of the remote antenna is the sum of the array apertures of all receiving arrays of the remote antenna;
the equivalent receiving array aperture of the short-range antenna is the sum of the array apertures of all receiving arrays of the short-range antenna;
the m transmitting elements of the remote antenna work in a time-sharing mode to form apertures of m multiplied by n receiving elements:
a transmitting arrays of the short-range antenna work in a time-sharing mode to form apertures of a multiplied by b receiving arrays;
the m transmitting arrays and the n receiving arrays of the remote antenna comprise three rows of microstrip antennas, and the m transmitting arrays are arranged into m rows; n receiving arrays are arranged into n rows; sixteen sheet-shaped arrays are arranged on two sides of the outer surface of each row of microstrip antenna in an equidistant staggered mode, the spacing between the sheet-shaped arrays is 0.125 lambda, and the lambda is the wavelength of emitted electromagnetic waves and is 4mm; the m transmitting arrays in the same remote antenna have pitching dimensional spacing in a pitching dimension, and the pitching dimensional spacing of different remote antennas are different.
2. The multi-channel 77GHz low-profile microstrip antenna array structure of claim 1, wherein:
the short-range antenna comprises a transmitting array and b receiving arrays, wherein the a transmitting array and the b receiving array of the short-range antenna respectively comprise two columns of micro-strip antennas, the a transmitting array is arranged into a column, the b receiving array is arranged into b columns, eight flaky arrays are arranged on two sides of the outer surface of each column of micro-strip antennas in an equidistant staggered mode, the distance between the flaky arrays is 0.125 lambda, and the lambda is the wavelength of transmitted electromagnetic waves and is 4mm.
3. The structure of claim 2, wherein the structure comprises:
the pitch dimension spacing of a transmitting arrays in the same short-range antenna exists in the pitch dimension, and the pitch dimension spacing of different short-range antennas is different.
4. The multi-channel 77GHz low-profile microstrip antenna array structure of claim 3, wherein:
the transmitting array and the receiving array in the same short-range antenna are connected with the same short-range radio frequency front-end chip;
the transmitting arrays of the different short-range antennas are respectively connected with different short-range radio frequency front-end chips;
and the two short-range radio frequency front-end chips are mutually cascaded.
5. The structure of a multi-channel 77GHz low-profile microstrip antenna array of claim 1, wherein:
the transmitting array and the receiving array in the same remote antenna are connected with the same remote radio frequency front-end chip;
transmitting arrays of different remote antennas are respectively connected with different remote radio frequency front-end chips;
and the two remote radio frequency front-end chips are mutually cascaded.
6. The multi-channel 77GHz low-profile microstrip antenna array structure of claim 5, wherein:
the long-range radio frequency front-end chip and the short-range radio frequency front-end chip respectively comprise a transmitter chip and a receiver chip, and the transmitter chip and the receiver chip are respectively connected with the short-range antenna or the long-range antenna through microstrip lines.
7. The multi-channel 77GHz low-profile microstrip antenna array structure of claim 6, wherein:
the transmitter chip comprises a transmitter circuit module, the transmitter circuit module comprises a frequency multiplier, a two-phase modulator, a driving amplifier, a power amplifier and a power amplifier module, the frequency multiplier, the two-phase modulator and the driving amplifier are sequentially connected, the power amplifier module comprises a plurality of power amplifiers which are all connected with the driving amplifier, and the output end of each power amplifier is connected with a transmitting array of a short-range antenna or a long-range antenna.
8. The multi-channel 77GHz low profile microstrip antenna array structure of any of claims 1-7, wherein:
the antenna array structure adopts a scanning mode of digital beam forming DBF, and can simultaneously cover short-range space beams or long-range space beams.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202111341113.4ACN114063015B (en) | 2021-11-12 | 2021-11-12 | Multi-channel 77GHz low-profile microstrip antenna array structure |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202111341113.4ACN114063015B (en) | 2021-11-12 | 2021-11-12 | Multi-channel 77GHz low-profile microstrip antenna array structure |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN114063015A CN114063015A (en) | 2022-02-18 |
| CN114063015Btrue CN114063015B (en) | 2023-02-10 |
Family
ID=80271734
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202111341113.4AActiveCN114063015B (en) | 2021-11-12 | 2021-11-12 | Multi-channel 77GHz low-profile microstrip antenna array structure |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN114063015B (en) |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6313807B1 (en)* | 2000-10-19 | 2001-11-06 | Tyco Electronics Corporation | Slot fed switch beam patch antenna |
| CN103389491A (en)* | 2012-05-09 | 2013-11-13 | 万都株式会社 | Radar apparatus and antenna apparatus |
| CN109143243A (en)* | 2018-10-08 | 2019-01-04 | 河北锋彩科技有限公司 | A kind of 77GHz vehicle anti-collision radar aerial array applied to medium and long distance detection |
| CN111856409A (en)* | 2019-10-31 | 2020-10-30 | 上海保隆汽车科技股份有限公司 | Vehicle-mounted MIMO radar antenna layout structure |
| CN213750323U (en)* | 2020-11-12 | 2021-07-20 | 广州极飞科技股份有限公司 | Radar device and movable platform |
Family Cites Families (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR20020035954A (en)* | 2000-11-07 | 2002-05-16 | 송문섭 | Millimeter wave microstrip antenna for preventing vehicles collision |
| CN107611577A (en)* | 2017-09-06 | 2018-01-19 | 上海通趣科技有限公司 | A kind of micro-strip array antenna based on 77GHz millimetre-wave radars |
| CN109244681A (en)* | 2018-10-11 | 2019-01-18 | 上海莫吉娜智能信息科技有限公司 | Micro-strip array antenna system based on 77GHz millimetre-wave radar |
| KR102814886B1 (en)* | 2019-03-11 | 2025-05-30 | 주식회사 에이치엘클레무브 | Radar apparatus, antenna apparatus for radar apparatus and control method of radar apparatus |
| CN110208749B (en)* | 2019-06-21 | 2021-07-20 | 清能华波（北京）科技有限公司 | Reusable millimeter wave radar antenna array for automobile |
| CN110927705A (en)* | 2019-11-26 | 2020-03-27 | 北京工业大学 | Design of a 77GHz Millimeter Wave Circuit |
- 2021
- 2021-11-12CNCN202111341113.4Apatent/CN114063015B/enactiveActive
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6313807B1 (en)* | 2000-10-19 | 2001-11-06 | Tyco Electronics Corporation | Slot fed switch beam patch antenna |
| CN103389491A (en)* | 2012-05-09 | 2013-11-13 | 万都株式会社 | Radar apparatus and antenna apparatus |
| CN109143243A (en)* | 2018-10-08 | 2019-01-04 | 河北锋彩科技有限公司 | A kind of 77GHz vehicle anti-collision radar aerial array applied to medium and long distance detection |
| CN111856409A (en)* | 2019-10-31 | 2020-10-30 | 上海保隆汽车科技股份有限公司 | Vehicle-mounted MIMO radar antenna layout structure |
| CN213750323U (en)* | 2020-11-12 | 2021-07-20 | 广州极飞科技股份有限公司 | Radar device and movable platform |
Non-Patent Citations (3)
| Title |
|---|
| 77GHz车载毫米波中远距雷达天线阵列设计;张慧等;《强激光与粒子束》;20171031(第10期);全文* |
| 77GHz车载防撞雷达新型天线阵设计;金良等;《固体电子学研究与进展》;20180628(第05期);全文* |
| A 77GHz Miniaturized Microstrip Antenna Array for Automotive Radar;Xiang Shang;《2019 International Conference on Microwave and Millimeter Wave Technology (ICMMT)》;20200213;全文* |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN114063015A (en) | 2022-02-18 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| KR102599824B1 (en) | antenna array | |
| EP2511981B1 (en) | Active array antenna device | |
| CN103415939B (en) | Aerial array for ULTRA-WIDEBAND RADAR application | |
| US11223112B2 (en) | Inverted microstrip travelling wave patch array antenna system | |
| CN103558594A (en) | Phased array beamforming method based on airborne equipment | |
| US11515624B2 (en) | Integrated cavity backed slot array antenna system | |
| Ozturk et al. | Measuring target range and velocity: Developments in chip, antenna, and packaging technologies for 60-GHz and 122-GHz industrial radars | |
| CN110174649A (en) | Radio-frequency front-end transceiver, trailer-mounted radar receive-transmit system | |
| CN112346042A (en) | Ka-band mmWave radar altimeter | |
| CN207946522U (en) | A millimeter wave radar system | |
| US12183997B2 (en) | MxN millimeter wave and terahertz planar dipole end-fire array antenna | |
| US4654666A (en) | Passive frequency scanning radiometer | |
| Brandfass et al. | Multifunctional aesa technology trends-a radar system aspects view | |
| CN105428822A (en) | Vehicle-mounted anti-collision radar one-shot multi-receive SIW lens antenna | |
| CN102868416B (en) | Integrated heterodyne array receiver of millimeter and sub-millimeter wave bands | |
| CN114063015B (en) | Multi-channel 77GHz low-profile microstrip antenna array structure | |
| CN213581337U (en) | Ka frequency channel millimeter wave radar altimeter | |
| CN212366213U (en) | High-gain millimeter wave high-sensitivity array antenna | |
| CN110471059A (en) | A kind of miniaturization mm-wave imaging radar installations | |
| Jakabosky et al. | Implementation and design of physical radar waveform diversity | |
| CN107437660B (en) | Antenna device of stepping frequency continuous wave through-wall radar | |
| Tadayon et al. | A Wideband Non-Reciprocal Phased Array Antenna with Side Lobe Level Suppression | |
| CN117276899B (en) | Phased array antennas and radio communications devices | |
| CN217281205U (en) | Antenna assembly and vehicle radar | |
| CN214280218U (en) | Receiving and transmitting antenna array based on MIMO system radar |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| CB02 | Change of applicant information | ||
| CB02 | Change of applicant information | Address after:330000 room 404, Sigma business center, 636 Hongdu North Avenue, Donghu District, Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province Applicant after:Huarui Transportation Technology Co.,Ltd. Address before:330000 room 404, Sigma business center, 636 Hongdu North Avenue, Donghu District, Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province Applicant before:Rui Rui Transportation Technology Co.,Ltd. | |
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |