技术领域Technical field
本发明涉及太阳能电池技术领域，尤其涉及一种背接触太阳能电池组件及其制造方法。The present invention relates to the technical field of solar cells, and in particular to a back contact solar cell module and a manufacturing method thereof.
背景技术Background technique
目前，背接触太阳能电池的应用越来越广泛，常见的背接触太阳能电池组件包括由下至上依次设置的背板层、EVA层、导电层和背接触电池片层，所述导电层与所述背接触电池片层电连接，采用这种结构，既可以实现电能的传输，又可以通过背板层和EVA层对导电层进行封装，实现组件的绝缘密封，但是，由于EVA层的水汽透过率较高，水汽容易从EVA层渗透进入导电层和背接触电池片层，并与其中的电极等部件接触而导致组件失效。At present, back-contact solar cells are increasingly used in applications. Common back-contact solar cell components include a backsheet layer, an EVA layer, a conductive layer and a back-contact cell layer arranged in sequence from bottom to top. The conductive layer and the back contact cell layer are The back contact battery sheet layer is electrically connected. Using this structure, it can not only realize the transmission of electric energy, but also encapsulate the conductive layer through the backsheet layer and the EVA layer to achieve the insulating sealing of the component. However, due to the water vapor penetration of the EVA layer The rate is high, and water vapor can easily penetrate from the EVA layer into the conductive layer and back contact cell layer, and come into contact with the electrodes and other components, causing component failure.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的目的在于提供一种背接触太阳能电池组件，用于提高组件的阻水能力，以防止组件在水汽的影响下失效。The object of the present invention is to provide a back-contact solar cell module for improving the water-blocking ability of the module to prevent the module from failing under the influence of water vapor.
为了实现上述目的，本发明提供如下技术方案：In order to achieve the above objects, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
一种背接触太阳能电池组件，包括依次层叠设置的背板层、导电层、绝缘层、电池片层和盖板，绝缘层设置有贯穿的通孔，导电层与电池片层通过设置于通孔内的导电体电连接，背板层和导电层之间设有阻水涂层，或者设有由闪蒸或丝网印刷得到的阻水薄膜。A back-contact solar cell module includes a backplane layer, a conductive layer, an insulating layer, a cell layer and a cover plate that are stacked in sequence. The insulating layer is provided with a through hole, and the conductive layer and the cell layer pass through the through hole. The conductors inside are electrically connected, and there is a water-blocking coating between the backplane layer and the conductive layer, or a water-blocking film obtained by flash evaporation or screen printing.
与现有技术相比，本发明提供的阻水涂层或阻水薄膜具有良好的阻水能力，能够对水汽进行有效的阻挡。阻水涂层或阻水薄膜位于背板层和导电层之间，水汽经过背板层从组件的背部渗进时，会被阻水涂层或阻水薄膜阻挡，使得水汽无法渗透进入导电层和电池上，进而防止组件在水汽的影响下失效，从而提高背接触太阳能电池组件的可靠性。Compared with the existing technology, the water-blocking coating or water-blocking film provided by the present invention has good water-blocking ability and can effectively block water vapor. The water-blocking coating or water-blocking film is located between the backsheet layer and the conductive layer. When water vapor penetrates from the back of the component through the backsheet layer, it will be blocked by the water-blocking coating or film, making it impossible for water vapor to penetrate into the conductive layer. and the battery, thereby preventing the module from failing under the influence of water vapor, thereby improving the reliability of the back contact solar cell module.
其中，阻水涂层是指现有技术中已有的用于阻水的涂层，涂层是指是涂料一次施涂所得到的固态连续膜，本申请通过将阻水涂层应用到背接触太阳能电池组件的结构中，与背板层和导电层的结合来提高组件的阻水能力，防止组件在水汽的影响下失效。Among them, the water-blocking coating refers to the coating that is used to block water in the prior art. The coating refers to the solid continuous film obtained by applying the paint once. In this application, the water-blocking coating is applied to the back. In the structure of the solar cell module, the combination with the backsheet layer and the conductive layer improves the water-blocking ability of the module and prevents the module from failing under the influence of water vapor.
另外，阻水涂层或阻水薄膜与背板层配合对导电层进行封装，能够实现对组件的绝缘密封，提高组件的使用寿命、可靠性和安全性。In addition, the water-blocking coating or water-blocking film cooperates with the backplane layer to encapsulate the conductive layer, which can achieve insulating sealing of the components and improve the service life, reliability and safety of the components.
可选的，在上述的背接触太阳能电池组件中，阻水涂层或阻水薄膜覆盖于所述背板层的整个表面。如此设置，阻水涂层或阻水薄膜的覆盖面积较大，能够对外部水汽进行更加有效的阻隔。Optionally, in the above-mentioned back-contact solar cell module, a water-blocking coating or water-blocking film covers the entire surface of the backsheet layer. With this arrangement, the water-blocking coating or water-blocking film covers a larger area and can more effectively block external water vapor.
可选的，在上述的背接触太阳能电池组件中，阻水涂层或阻水薄膜与导电层之间设有用于对导电层进行支撑和保护的粘结层。如此设置，粘结层对导电层进行支撑和保护，提高了导电层的可靠性和稳定性。Optionally, in the above-mentioned back-contact solar cell module, an adhesive layer for supporting and protecting the conductive layer is provided between the water-blocking coating or water-blocking film and the conductive layer. With this arrangement, the adhesive layer supports and protects the conductive layer, thereby improving the reliability and stability of the conductive layer.
可选的，在上述的背接触太阳能电池组件中，导电层上设有用于将导电层分割为相对分离的两个导电区域的分离槽，阻水涂层或阻水薄膜为设置于所述导电层表面且将所述分离槽完全遮挡的线形膜层。如此设置，阻水涂层或阻水薄膜用料较少，降低了组件的生产成本。Optionally, in the above-mentioned back-contact solar cell module, the conductive layer is provided with a separation groove for dividing the conductive layer into two relatively separated conductive regions, and the water-blocking coating or water-blocking film is provided on the conductive layer. A linear film layer on the surface of the layer that completely blocks the separation groove. With this arrangement, less material is needed for the water-blocking coating or water-blocking film, which reduces the production cost of the module.
可选的，在上述的背接触太阳能电池组件中，分离槽沿曲线方向延伸，阻水涂层与分离槽形状相同。如此设置，优化了导电层的结构，使得导电层上具有更多的与电池片对应的接触区域，同时也使阻水涂层能够将分离槽完全遮挡。Optionally, in the above-mentioned back-contact solar cell module, the separation groove extends along a curved direction, and the water-blocking coating has the same shape as the separation groove. This arrangement optimizes the structure of the conductive layer, allowing the conductive layer to have more contact areas corresponding to the battery sheets, and also enables the water-blocking coating to completely block the separation groove.
可选的，在上述的背接触太阳能电池组件中，阻水涂层或阻水薄膜与分离槽的横截面积之比大于1.5。如此设置，保证了阻水涂层或阻水薄膜能够完全遮挡分离槽。Optionally, in the above-mentioned back-contact solar cell module, the ratio of the cross-sectional area of the water-blocking coating or water-blocking film to the separation groove is greater than 1.5. This arrangement ensures that the water-blocking coating or water-blocking film can completely cover the separation tank.
可选的，在上述的背接触太阳能电池组件中，背板层与导电层、阻水涂层之间设有用于对导电层和阻水涂层进行支撑和保护的粘结层。如此设置，粘结层对导电层和阻水涂层进行支撑和保护，提高了导电层的可靠性和稳定性。Optionally, in the above-mentioned back-contact solar cell module, an adhesive layer is provided between the backsheet layer, the conductive layer, and the water-blocking coating for supporting and protecting the conductive layer and the water-blocking coating. With this arrangement, the adhesive layer supports and protects the conductive layer and the water-blocking coating, thereby improving the reliability and stability of the conductive layer.
可选的，在上述的背接触太阳能电池组件中，粘结层包括聚合物，聚合物为乙烯-醋酸乙烯脂、离聚物、硅树脂基密封剂、热塑性尿烷、聚乙烯醇缩丁醛、线性低密度聚乙烯、线性高密度聚乙烯、聚烯烃、具有添加剂的丙烯酸聚合物或聚氨酯、马来酐接枝的三元共聚丙烯酸中的一种或多种组合。如此设置，粘结层具有良好的支撑保护性能和良好的粘结性能。Optionally, in the above-mentioned back-contact solar cell module, the adhesive layer includes a polymer, and the polymer is ethylene vinyl acetate, ionomer, silicone-based sealant, thermoplastic urethane, polyvinyl butyral , linear low density polyethylene, linear high density polyethylene, polyolefin, acrylic polymer with additives or polyurethane, one or more combinations of maleic anhydride grafted terpolymerized acrylic acid. With this arrangement, the adhesive layer has good support and protection properties and good bonding properties.
可选的，在上述的背接触太阳能电池组件中，阻水涂层或阻水薄膜的厚度为5μm～50μm。如此设置，既具有良好的阻水性能，又能够节约生产成本。Optionally, in the above-mentioned back-contact solar cell module, the thickness of the water-blocking coating or water-blocking film is 5 μm to 50 μm. Such an arrangement not only has good water-blocking performance, but also saves production costs.
可选的，在上述的背接触太阳能电池组件中，阻水涂层为环氧丙烯酸酯体系，其水蒸气透过率小于1g/(m2·day)。如此设置，提高了阻水涂层的阻水性能，保证组件的可靠性和稳定性。Optionally, in the above-mentioned back-contact solar cell module, the water-blocking coating is an epoxy acrylate system, and its water vapor transmission rate is less than 1g/(m2·day). Such an arrangement improves the water-blocking performance of the water-blocking coating and ensures the reliability and stability of the component.
本发明还提供一种背接触太阳能电池组件的制造方法，用于制造如上述方案所述的背接触太阳能电池组件，其中，制造方法包括提供一背板层；在背板层表面形成阻水涂层；在阻水涂层上设置导电层，在导电层上加工分离槽，以将导电层分为相互绝缘的第一区域、第二区域和第三区域，第一区域、第二区域和第三区域分别与两块电池片的电极触点相对应，剥离分离槽内的废料；在导电层上制作绝缘层，绝缘层具有贯穿的通孔，在通孔内设置与电池片电极触点相对性的导电体；在绝缘层上设置至少一组电池片，每组电池片包括两个电池片，每组电池片的其中一个电池片的两个电极触点通过导电体分别与导电层的第一区域和第二区域电连接，另一个电池片的两个电极触点通过导电体分别与导电层的第二区域和第三区域电连接，两个电池片与第二区域电连接的两个电极触点的极性相反；对背接触太阳能电池组件进行层压处理。The present invention also provides a method for manufacturing a back-contact solar cell module, which is used to manufacture the back-contact solar cell module as described in the above solution, wherein the manufacturing method includes providing a back sheet layer; forming a water-blocking coating on the surface of the back sheet layer layer; a conductive layer is provided on the water-blocking coating, and a separation groove is processed on the conductive layer to divide the conductive layer into a first region, a second region and a third region that are insulated from each other. The three areas correspond to the electrode contacts of the two battery sheets respectively, and the waste material in the separation groove is peeled off; an insulating layer is made on the conductive layer, and the insulating layer has a penetrating through hole, and is set in the through hole to be opposite to the electrode contact of the battery sheet. A conductive conductor; at least one group of battery sheets is arranged on the insulating layer, each group of battery sheets includes two battery sheets, and the two electrode contacts of one battery sheet in each group of battery sheets are respectively connected to the third of the conductive layer through the conductor. One area and the second area are electrically connected, the two electrode contacts of the other battery sheet are electrically connected to the second area and the third area of the conductive layer respectively through the conductor, and the two battery sheets are electrically connected to the second area. The polarity of the electrode contacts is reversed; the back contact solar module is laminated.
与现有技术相比，除了具有上述技术方案所述的背接触太阳能电池组件有益效果之外，本发明中，导电层上设置有三个区域，两块电池片的电极触点通过与三个区域电连接，以实现电池片与导电层之间的正常导电，保证太阳能电池组件的正常工作，同时通过与三个区域电连接，使得两块电池片之间相导通，从而使两块电池片能够叠加电量进行供电，提高了电池片层的供电量，另外，采用这种结构，导电层能够作为一个整体同时对两块电池进行导电，优化了导电层的结构，降低了导电层的加工成本。另外，阻水涂层与导电层之间的粘结性较弱，便于分离槽内废料的剥离。Compared with the prior art, in addition to having the beneficial effects of the back-contact solar cell module described in the above technical solution, in the present invention, three areas are provided on the conductive layer, and the electrode contacts of the two cells pass through the three areas. Electrical connection to achieve normal conduction between the cells and the conductive layer to ensure the normal operation of the solar cell module. At the same time, through electrical connection with the three areas, the two cells are connected to each other, so that the two cells It can superimpose electricity for power supply, which increases the power supply of the battery layers. In addition, using this structure, the conductive layer can conduct electricity to two batteries at the same time as a whole, optimizing the structure of the conductive layer and reducing the processing cost of the conductive layer. . In addition, the adhesion between the water-blocking coating and the conductive layer is weak, which facilitates the peeling of waste materials in the separation tank.
可选的，在上述的背接触太阳能电池组件的制造方法中，在背板层表面形成阻水涂层具体为在所述背板层表面沉积阻水涂层；对所述阻水涂层进行能量固化。如此设置，能够提高生产效率，节约生产时间，得到高质量的成品。Optionally, in the above method for manufacturing a back-contact solar cell module, forming a water-blocking coating on the surface of the back sheet layer specifically involves depositing a water-blocking coating on the surface of the back sheet layer; performing a Energy solidification. This setting can improve production efficiency, save production time, and obtain high-quality finished products.
可选的，在上述的背接触太阳能电池组件的制造方法中，阻水涂层采用丝网印刷或闪蒸的方式沉积在所述背板层上。如此设置，优化沉积方法，提高组件的生产效率和提高成品的质量。Optionally, in the above method for manufacturing a back-contact solar cell module, the water-blocking coating is deposited on the backsheet layer by screen printing or flash evaporation. Such an arrangement optimizes the deposition method, improves component production efficiency and improves the quality of the finished product.
可选的，在上述的背接触太阳能电池组件的制造方法中，能量固化包括UV 固化、红外固化和电子束固化。如此设置，优化能量固化方法，保证组件具有高效的生产效率和良好的成品质量。Optionally, in the above method for manufacturing a back-contact solar cell module, energy curing includes UV curing, infrared curing and electron beam curing. This setting optimizes the energy curing method to ensure high production efficiency and good finished product quality of the components.
可选的，在上述的背接触太阳能电池组件的制造方法中，阻水涂层固化后，在阻水涂层上沉积无机材料层，无机材料为SiO2、Si3N4、SiOxNy、Al2O3、AlN 中的一种或多种。如此设置，通过增加无机材料层，进一步提高组件的阻水性能和组件的可靠性。Optionally, in the above-mentioned manufacturing method of back contact solar cell module, after the water-blocking coating is cured, an inorganic material layer is deposited on the water-blocking coating. The inorganic materials are SiO2 , Si3 N4 , SiOx Ny , Al2 O3 , one or more of AlN. With this arrangement, by adding an inorganic material layer, the water-blocking performance of the component and the reliability of the component are further improved.
可选的，在上述的背接触太阳能电池组件的制造方法中，无机材料层的沉积方法为溅射沉积、喷墨打印、ALD沉积和PECVD沉积中的一种或多种组合。如此设置，优化无机材料的沉积方法，提高组件生产效率和提高成品的质量。Optionally, in the above method for manufacturing a back-contact solar cell module, the deposition method of the inorganic material layer is one or more combinations of sputtering deposition, inkjet printing, ALD deposition and PECVD deposition. This arrangement optimizes the deposition method of inorganic materials, improves component production efficiency and improves the quality of finished products.
附图说明Description of drawings
此处所说明的附图用来提供对本发明的进一步理解，构成本发明的一部分，本发明的示意性实施例及其说明用于解释本发明，并不构成对本发明的不当限定。在附图中：The drawings described here are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention and constitute a part of the present invention. The illustrative embodiments of the present invention and their descriptions are used to explain the present invention and do not constitute an improper limitation of the present invention. In the attached picture:
图1为本发明实施例中背接触太阳能电池组件的示意图(一)；Figure 1 is a schematic diagram (1) of a back-contact solar cell module in an embodiment of the present invention;
图2为本发明实施例中背接触太阳能电池的背部示意图；Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the back of a back-contact solar cell in an embodiment of the present invention;
图3为本发明实施例中导电层的示意图；Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of a conductive layer in an embodiment of the present invention;
图4为本发明实施例中背接触太阳能电池组件的示意图(二)。Figure 4 is a schematic diagram (2) of a back-contact solar cell module in an embodiment of the present invention.
附图标记：Reference signs:
1-背板层，2-阻水涂层，3-粘结层，4-导电层，5-绝缘层，6-导电体，7- 电池片层，8-密封材料层，9-盖板，10-分离槽，11-原导电区域，12-第一导电区域，13-第二导电区域，14-正极电触点，15-正极连接栅线，16-正极细栅线， 17-负极电触点，18-负极连接栅线，19-负极细栅线。1-Backsheet layer, 2-Water blocking coating, 3-Adhesive layer, 4-Conductive layer, 5-Insulating layer, 6-Conductor, 7-Battery layer, 8-Sealing material layer, 9-Cover plate , 10-separation groove, 11-original conductive area, 12-first conductive area, 13-second conductive area, 14-positive electrical contact, 15-positive electrode connecting grid line, 16-positive electrode thin grid line, 17-negative electrode Electrical contacts, 18-negative electrode connecting grid wire, 19-negative electrode thin grid wire.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
为了使本发明所要解决的技术问题、技术方案及有益效果更加清楚明白，以下结合附图及实施例，对本发明进行进一步详细说明。应当理解，此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用以解释本发明，并不用于限定本发明。In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and beneficial effects to be solved by the present invention clearer, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described here are only used to explain the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.
需要说明的是，当元件被称为“固定于”或“设置于”另一个元件，它可以直接在另一个元件上或者间接在该另一个元件上。当一个元件被称为是“连接于”另一个元件，它可以是直接连接到另一个元件或间接连接至该另一个元件上。It should be noted that when an element is referred to as being "fixed to" or "disposed on" another element, it can be directly on the other element or indirectly on the other element. When an element is referred to as being "connected to" another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or indirectly connected to the other element.
此外，术语“第一”、“第二”仅用于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性或者隐含指明所指示的技术特征的数量。由此，限定有“第一”、“第二”的特征可以明示或者隐含地包括一个或者更多个该特征。在本发明的描述中，“多个”的含义是两个或两个以上，除非另有明确具体的限定。“若干”的含义是一个或一个以上，除非另有明确具体的限定。In addition, the terms “first” and “second” are used for descriptive purposes only and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the quantity of indicated technical features. Therefore, features defined as "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of these features. In the description of the present invention, "plurality" means two or more than two, unless otherwise explicitly and specifically limited. "Several" means one or more than one, unless otherwise expressly and specifically limited.
在本发明的描述中，需要理解的是，术语“上”、“下”、“前”、“后”、“左”、“右”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本发明和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本发明的限制。In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the orientation or positional relationship indicated by the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "back", "left", "right", etc. are based on those shown in the accompanying drawings. The orientation or positional relationship is only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description. It does not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation of the present invention.
在本发明的描述中，需要说明的是，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或一体地连接；可以是机械连接，也可以是电连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通或两个元件的相互作用关系。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以根据具体情况理解上述术语在本发明中的具体含义。In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise clearly stated and limited, the terms "installation", "connection" and "connection" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it can be a fixed connection or a detachable connection. Connection, or integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; it can be an internal connection between two elements or an interaction between two elements. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.
请参阅图1，本发明实施例提供的一种背接触太阳能电池组件，包括依次层叠设置的背板层1、阻水涂层2或由闪蒸或丝网印刷得到的阻水薄膜、导电层4、绝缘层5、电池片层7和盖板9，绝缘层5上设置有贯穿的通孔，通孔内设置有导电体6，导电层4与电池片层7通过导电体6电连接。Please refer to Figure 1. A back-contact solar cell module provided by an embodiment of the present invention includes a backsheet layer 1, a water-blocking coating 2, or a water-blocking film and a conductive layer obtained by flash evaporation or screen printing. 4. Insulating layer 5, cell layer 7 and cover plate 9. The insulating layer 5 is provided with a through hole, and a conductor 6 is provided in the through hole. The conductive layer 4 and the battery layer 7 are electrically connected through the conductor 6.
具体实施时：首先在背板层1表面设置阻水涂层2或阻水薄膜，然后在阻水涂层2或阻水薄膜上依次层叠设置导电层4、绝缘层5、电池片层7和盖板9，随后对该层叠结构进行层压处理，以形成连续层压体结构的背接触太阳能电池组件。当背接触太阳能电池组件投入使用时，水汽从背板层1渗透进入组件内部，由于阻水涂层2或阻水薄膜具有较好的阻水性能，能够对渗透进来的水汽进行有效的阻隔，使得水汽无法透过阻水涂层2或阻水薄膜渗进或只有少量的水汽透过阻水涂层2或阻水薄膜渗进，而导电层4、导电体6和电池片层7上没有水汽附着或只有少量的水汽附着，其上的电极等部件不会受到水汽的影响而失效，从而保证了组件工作的稳定性和可靠性。Specific implementation: Firstly, a water-blocking coating 2 or a water-blocking film is provided on the surface of the backplane layer 1, and then the conductive layer 4, the insulating layer 5, the battery layer 7 and the The cover sheet 9 is then laminated to form a back-contact solar cell module of a continuous laminate structure. When the back-contact solar cell module is put into use, water vapor penetrates into the interior of the module from the backsheet layer 1. Since the water-blocking coating 2 or the water-blocking film has good water-blocking properties, it can effectively block the penetrating water vapor. This makes it impossible for water vapor to penetrate through the water-blocking coating 2 or the water-blocking film, or only a small amount of water vapor penetrates through the water-blocking coating 2 or the water-blocking film, while there is no water vapor on the conductive layer 4, the conductor 6 and the battery layer 7. If water vapor adheres or only a small amount of water vapor adheres, the electrodes and other components on it will not be affected by water vapor and fail, thus ensuring the stability and reliability of the component's operation.
通过上述背接触太阳能电池组件的结构和具体实施过程可知，具有层叠结构的背接触太阳能电池组件中，背板层1位于组件的背部最外侧，用于保护组件内部的导电层4和太阳能电池片层7等结构；阻水涂层2或阻水薄膜位于背板层1上方和导电层4下方，用于将从组件背部渗透进来的水汽进行有效的阻隔，防止组件在水汽的影响下失效，提高背接触太阳能电池组件的可靠性；同时，背板层1与导电层4配合对组件内部的导电层4进行绝缘封装，提高了组件的使用寿命、可靠性和安全性；导电层4位于阻水涂层2或阻水薄膜上方，并通过绝缘层5内的导电体6与电池片层7电连接，使得组件可以实现电能的传输，保证组件的正常稳定工作；绝缘层5位于导电层4和电池片层7之间，用于支撑和绝缘，保证组件能够正常工作和提高组件的整体稳定性，绝缘层5 上设置有贯穿的通孔，以便于放置导电体6并对导电体6的侧向周围进行绝缘限位；盖板9位于组件的最上方，用于对组件进行封装，以使背接触太阳能电池组件作为一个成品设施进行使用。It can be seen from the structure and specific implementation process of the above-mentioned back-contact solar cell module that in the back-contact solar cell module with a laminated structure, the backsheet layer 1 is located on the outermost side of the back of the module and is used to protect the conductive layer 4 and solar cells inside the module. Layer 7 and other structures; the water-blocking coating 2 or water-blocking film is located above the backplane layer 1 and below the conductive layer 4, which is used to effectively block the water vapor that penetrates from the back of the module to prevent the module from failing under the influence of water vapor. Improve the reliability of the back-contact solar cell module; at the same time, the backsheet layer 1 and the conductive layer 4 cooperate to insulate and encapsulate the conductive layer 4 inside the module, which improves the service life, reliability and safety of the module; the conductive layer 4 is located on the resistor Above the water coating 2 or the water-blocking film, it is electrically connected to the battery layer 7 through the conductor 6 in the insulating layer 5, so that the component can transmit electric energy and ensure the normal and stable operation of the component; the insulating layer 5 is located on the conductive layer 4 and the battery layer 7 for support and insulation to ensure the normal operation of the module and improve the overall stability of the module. The insulating layer 5 is provided with through holes to facilitate the placement of the conductor 6 and the contact between the conductor 6 and the battery layer 7 . The insulation is limited around the sides; the cover plate 9 is located at the top of the module and is used to encapsulate the module so that the back-contact solar cell module can be used as a finished product.
需要说明的是，本实施例将阻水涂层2应用到背接触太阳能电池组件的结构中，通过与背板层1和导电层4的结合来提高组件的阻水能力，防止组件在水汽的影响下失效。It should be noted that in this embodiment, the water-blocking coating 2 is applied to the structure of the back-contact solar cell module, and is combined with the backsheet layer 1 and the conductive layer 4 to improve the water-blocking ability of the module and prevent the module from being exposed to water vapor. Failure under influence.
考虑到背板层1对组件内部结构的绝缘保护性能，上述背板层1为基于聚合物的层叠结构，采用如含氟聚合物/聚酯/含氟聚合物(FP/PE/FP)等的绝缘材料形成的薄片制成，当然，亦可以采用其他绝缘材料。Considering the insulation protection performance of the backsheet layer 1 to the internal structure of the component, the above-mentioned backsheet layer 1 is a polymer-based laminated structure, such as fluoropolymer/polyester/fluoropolymer (FP/PE/FP), etc. It is made of thin sheets of insulating material. Of course, other insulating materials can also be used.
作为一种可能的实现方式，本实施例中，阻水涂层2为环氧丙烯酸酯体系，其水蒸气透过率小于1g/(m2·day)，以使其具有良好的阻水性能；其厚度为5μ m～50μm，当厚度小于5μm时，阻水涂层2的阻水性能较差，当厚度大于50 μm时，阻水涂层2的材料和加工成本较高、生产效率较低，当厚度为5μm～50 μm时，阻水涂层2既具有良好的阻水性能，又能够节约生产成本，提高生产效率，而阻水涂层2的具体厚度，则要根据实际的外部环境和需要进行选择，当周围环境的湿度较高，水汽量较大，渗进背接触电池组件的风险较高，则需要选择较大的高度，反之，选择较小的厚度，另外，阻水涂层2的厚度还受到喷涂方式的影响，采用凹版印刷方式形成的阻水涂层沉积的厚度大于采用闪蒸和喷墨打印方式形成的阻水涂层的厚度。其中，为了提高阻水涂层2的阻水性能，阻水涂层2或阻水薄膜覆盖于背板层1的整个表面，以对背部水汽进行充分的阻隔。As a possible implementation method, in this embodiment, the water-blocking coating 2 is an epoxy acrylate system, and its water vapor transmission rate is less than 1g/(m2 ·day), so that it has good water-blocking properties. ; Its thickness is 5 μm ~ 50 μm. When the thickness is less than 5 μm, the water-blocking performance of the water-blocking coating 2 is poor. When the thickness is greater than 50 μm, the material and processing costs of the water-blocking coating 2 are higher and the production efficiency is lower. Low, when the thickness is 5 μm ~ 50 μm, the water-blocking coating 2 not only has good water-blocking performance, but also can save production costs and improve production efficiency. The specific thickness of the water-blocking coating 2 must be based on the actual external The environment and needs should be selected. When the humidity of the surrounding environment is high, the amount of water vapor is large, and the risk of penetrating into the back contact battery component is high, you need to choose a larger height. On the contrary, choose a smaller thickness. In addition, it can block water. The thickness of coating 2 is also affected by the spraying method. The thickness of the water-blocking coating formed by gravure printing is greater than that of the water-blocking coating formed by flash evaporation and inkjet printing. Among them, in order to improve the water-blocking performance of the water-blocking coating 2, the water-blocking coating 2 or water-blocking film covers the entire surface of the back sheet layer 1 to fully block water vapor on the back.
下面结合图2和图3对本发明实施例中的导电层4进行描述。应理解，以下描述仅用于解释，不作为限定。The conductive layer 4 in the embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to FIGS. 2 and 3 . It should be understood that the following description is for explanation only and not as a limitation.
如图3所示，导电层4包括与背接触太阳能电池对应的接触区域，其中，如图3中的虚线框内所示，导电层4上设有与电池片层7的一块电池片对应导电接触的原导电区域11，所述的原导电区域11只是导电层4中的一块接触区域，而不含有导电次序、接触次序等次序解释，导电层4包括一块或多块原导电区域11。As shown in Figure 3, the conductive layer 4 includes a contact area corresponding to the back contact solar cell, wherein, as shown in the dotted box in Figure 3, the conductive layer 4 is provided with a conductive layer corresponding to one cell of the cell layer 7. The original conductive area 11 of the contact is only a contact area in the conductive layer 4, and does not include explanations of the conductive order, contact order, etc. The conductive layer 4 includes one or more original conductive areas 11.
导电层4为图案化导电区域，所述的图案化导电区域是指原导电区域11上设有沿曲线方向延伸的分离槽10，分离槽10将原导电区域11分割为相对分离的第一导电区域12和第二导电区域13，其中，分离槽10在沿垂直于导电层4 前表面的方向上两端开口，以将第一导电区域12和第二导电区域13分隔为两块互不接触、相对分离的区域，其沿曲线方向延伸后呈波浪形状，例如呈正弦曲线形状或余弦曲线形状，以优化原导电区域11的分布规划，使导电层4上有尽可能多的区域与背接触太阳能电池接触，并保证导电的可靠性和稳定性，第一导电区域12和第二导电区域13分别与背接触太阳能电池的正极和负极接触，或者与背接触太阳能电池的负极和正极接触，以使背接触太阳能电池与导电区域接触后正常工作。The conductive layer 4 is a patterned conductive area. The patterned conductive area means that the original conductive area 11 is provided with a separation groove 10 extending in a curve direction. The separation groove 10 divides the original conductive area 11 into relatively separated first conductive areas. area 12 and the second conductive area 13, wherein the separation groove 10 is opened at both ends in a direction perpendicular to the front surface of the conductive layer 4, so as to separate the first conductive area 12 and the second conductive area 13 into two pieces that are not in contact with each other. , relatively separated areas, which extend along the curve direction and form a wavy shape, such as a sinusoidal shape or a cosine curve shape, in order to optimize the distribution planning of the original conductive area 11 so that as many areas as possible on the conductive layer 4 are in contact with the back The first conductive region 12 and the second conductive region 13 are in contact with the positive and negative electrodes of the back-contact solar cell respectively, or in contact with the negative and positive electrodes of the back-contact solar cell, so as to ensure the reliability and stability of conduction. Allows back-contact solar cells to function properly when in contact with a conductive area.
当导电层4上的原导电区域11有多个时，如图3所示，多个原导电区域11 依次相连，且相邻两个原导电区域11的第一导电区域12和第二导电区域13相连，此时，前一个原导电区域11的第二导电区域13与后一个原导电区域11的第一导电区域12相连，当第二导电区域13与背接触太阳能电池的正极相连，第一导电区域12与背接触太阳能电池的负极相连时，与前一个原导电区域11 接触的电池的正极，正好和与后一个原导电区域11接触的电池的负极通电相连通，保证了多块电池之间的互通和连接，进而优化整个电池片层7与导电层4 的电连接，保证了组件的正常稳定工作。When there are multiple original conductive regions 11 on the conductive layer 4, as shown in Figure 3, the multiple original conductive regions 11 are connected in sequence, and the first conductive region 12 and the second conductive region of two adjacent original conductive regions 11 are 13 are connected. At this time, the second conductive area 13 of the previous original conductive area 11 is connected to the first conductive area 12 of the following original conductive area 11. When the second conductive area 13 is connected to the positive electrode of the back contact solar cell, the first conductive area 13 is connected to the positive electrode of the back contact solar cell. When the conductive area 12 is connected to the negative electrode of the back-contact solar cell, the positive electrode of the battery that is in contact with the previous original conductive area 11 is exactly connected with the negative electrode of the battery that is in contact with the next original conductive area 11, ensuring that the connection between multiple batteries is guaranteed. interconnection and connection between them, thereby optimizing the electrical connection between the entire cell layer 7 and the conductive layer 4, ensuring the normal and stable operation of the module.
另外，由于导电层4通常为金属箔层，其厚度较小，不易在其上加工分离槽10形成图案化区域，故而本实施例中的背板层1、阻水涂层2以及导电层4 相连形成一个整体，即将导电层4预先固定在阻水涂层2上和背板上，使得背板层1、阻水涂层2和导电层4作为一个整体进行加工处理，便于在其上加工分离槽10形成图案化区域，同时也便于后续的层压处理。In addition, since the conductive layer 4 is usually a metal foil layer with a small thickness, it is difficult to process the separation groove 10 on it to form a patterned area. Therefore, the backplane layer 1, the water-blocking coating 2 and the conductive layer 4 in this embodiment are Connected to form a whole, that is, the conductive layer 4 is pre-fixed on the water-blocking coating 2 and the back plate, so that the back plate layer 1, the water-blocking coating 2 and the conductive layer 4 are processed as a whole to facilitate processing on them. The separation groove 10 forms a patterned area and also facilitates subsequent lamination processing.
鉴于阻水涂层2的厚度较小，不易对导电层4支撑和保护，且自身容易在生产加工中损坏的问题。基于此，本实施例在阻水涂层2与导电层4之间设有粘结层3，通过设置粘结层3，可以对导电层4进行支撑、保护、绝缘和密封，提高组件的可靠性和稳定性，同时也对阻水涂层2进行支撑，降低阻水涂层2 的加工难度，提高阻水涂层2的成品质量。In view of the small thickness of the water-blocking coating 2, it is difficult to support and protect the conductive layer 4, and it is easily damaged during production and processing. Based on this, in this embodiment, an adhesive layer 3 is provided between the water-blocking coating 2 and the conductive layer 4. By providing the adhesive layer 3, the conductive layer 4 can be supported, protected, insulated and sealed, thereby improving the reliability of the assembly. properties and stability, and also supports the water-blocking coating 2, reduces the processing difficulty of the water-blocking coating 2, and improves the quality of the finished product of the water-blocking coating 2.
本实施例中，粘结层3具有热粘结性的热粘合层，所述的热粘结性是指加热使温度升高后其具有较大的粘结力，温度降低后具有较小的粘结力，采用这种结构，温度降低后，热粘合层与导电层4之间具有较小的粘结力，可以便于将导电层4上加工出来的分离槽10内的废料剥离出来，提高组件的生产效率和成品率。其中，粘结层3与导电层4之间的粘结力不宜过小，既要保证粘结层3 用于阻水涂层2和导电层4之间提供适宜的粘结强度，使得阻水涂层2、粘结层 3和导电层4能够粘结在一起进行正常有效的加工使用，又要便于导电层4上分离槽10内的废料的去除。In this embodiment, the adhesive layer 3 has a thermal adhesive layer with thermal adhesiveness. The thermal adhesiveness means that it has a greater adhesive force after heating to increase the temperature, and a smaller adhesive force after the temperature is lowered. With this structure, after the temperature is lowered, there is a smaller adhesive force between the thermal bonding layer and the conductive layer 4, which can facilitate peeling out the waste material in the separation groove 10 processed on the conductive layer 4 , improve the production efficiency and yield rate of components. Among them, the bonding force between the adhesive layer 3 and the conductive layer 4 should not be too small, not only to ensure that the adhesive layer 3 is used to provide appropriate bonding strength between the water-blocking coating 2 and the conductive layer 4, so as to prevent water The coating 2, the adhesive layer 3 and the conductive layer 4 can be bonded together for normal and effective processing and use, and the waste materials in the separation groove 10 on the conductive layer 4 should be facilitated to be removed.
粘结层3可以通过热喷涂的方式沉积在阻水涂层2上，其厚度为50μm～300 μm，当厚度小于50μm时，粘结层3的加工处理不便，分离槽10内的废料去除不便，当厚度大于300μm时，容易造成材料成本浪费，厚度为50μm～300 μm时，既便于粘结层3的加工处理和分离槽10内的废料去除，又能够节约成本防止浪费。粘结层3的材料包括乙烯-醋酸乙烯脂、离聚物、硅树脂基密封剂、 TPU(热塑性尿烷)和PVB(聚乙烯醇缩丁醛)、线性低密度聚乙烯(LLDPE)、线性高密度聚乙烯(LHDPE)、聚烯烃、具有添加剂的丙烯酸聚合物或聚氨酯、马来酐接枝的三元共聚丙烯酸中的一种或多种的组合，离聚物是指分子链上含少量离子基团的高分子聚合物，其中离子基团含量不超过15％。另外，为了便于导电层4的加工，背板层1、阻水涂层2、粘结层3以及导电层4可以相连形成一个整体。The adhesive layer 3 can be deposited on the water-blocking coating 2 by thermal spraying, and its thickness is 50 μm to 300 μm. When the thickness is less than 50 μm, the processing of the adhesive layer 3 is inconvenient, and the waste material in the separation tank 10 is inconvenient to remove. , when the thickness is greater than 300 μm, it is easy to cause waste of material costs. When the thickness is 50 μm to 300 μm, it is not only convenient for the processing of the adhesive layer 3 and the removal of waste materials in the separation groove 10, but also can save costs and prevent waste. Materials for the adhesive layer 3 include ethylene vinyl acetate, ionomers, silicone-based sealants, TPU (thermoplastic urethane) and PVB (polyvinyl butyral), linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE), linear One or a combination of one or more of high-density polyethylene (LHDPE), polyolefin, acrylic polymer or polyurethane with additives, maleic anhydride-grafted ternary copolymer acrylic acid, ionomer refers to the molecular chain containing a small amount of High molecular polymers with ionic groups, in which the ionic group content does not exceed 15%. In addition, in order to facilitate the processing of the conductive layer 4, the backsheet layer 1, the water-blocking coating 2, the adhesive layer 3 and the conductive layer 4 can be connected to form a whole.
本实施例中的导电体6为导电粘合剂，其主要由导电颗粒和树脂的混合物组成。导电颗粒包含铜(Cu)、银(Ag)、金(Au)、镍(Ni)、锡铅合金颗粒、锡铋合金颗粒、铟锡合金颗粒、铟银合金颗粒或锡粉颗粒的一种或多种的组合；树脂包括松香树脂、聚酰亚胺树脂、氟碳树脂、聚酯树脂、双马来酰亚胺树脂、环氧树脂或丙烯酸酯树脂。当导电颗粒主体为含锡的颗粒时，其元素构成中还可以包含不超过5％重量百分比的银、铜、锌、锑或镍元素中的一种或多种的组合。导电颗粒形貌可以为球形，导电颗粒中90％体积的颗粒直径小于50微米。例如，导电颗粒具有2μm至30μm的直径时，导电颗粒具有较好的可分散性。The conductor 6 in this embodiment is a conductive adhesive, which is mainly composed of a mixture of conductive particles and resin. The conductive particles include one or more of copper (Cu), silver (Ag), gold (Au), nickel (Ni), tin-lead alloy particles, tin-bismuth alloy particles, indium-tin alloy particles, indium-silver alloy particles or tin powder particles. Various combinations; resins include rosin resin, polyimide resin, fluorocarbon resin, polyester resin, bismaleimide resin, epoxy resin or acrylate resin. When the main body of the conductive particles is tin-containing particles, the elemental composition may also include one or more combinations of silver, copper, zinc, antimony or nickel elements in an amount not exceeding 5% by weight. The morphology of the conductive particles can be spherical, and 90% of the volume of the conductive particles has a diameter of less than 50 microns. For example, when the conductive particles have a diameter of 2 μm to 30 μm, the conductive particles have better dispersibility.
如图2所示，背接触太阳能电池的背部形成有彼此分开的多个正极电极和多个负极电极，正极电极由正极连接电极和正极细栅线16组成，负极电极由负极连接电极和负极细栅线19组成，正极细栅线16和负极细栅线19与第一方向上延伸，正极连接电极和负极连接电极在与第一方向交叉的第二方向上延伸，并分别与正极细栅线16和负极细栅线19连接，所述的第一方向和第二方向仅用于区别两个方向，而不涉及次序的解释，第一方向和第二方向优选呈90度交叉角垂直设置，正极连接电极由正极电触点14和正极连接栅线15两部分组成，负极连接电极由负极电触点17和负极连接栅线18两部分组成，其中，导电粘合剂可以采用钢网印刷的方式沉积在背接触太阳能电池的正极电触点14和/或负极电触点17上。As shown in Figure 2, a plurality of positive electrodes and a plurality of negative electrodes are formed on the back of the back contact solar cell. The positive electrode is composed of a positive connecting electrode and a positive thin grid line 16. The negative electrode is composed of a negative connecting electrode and a negative thin grid line. The grid line 19 is composed of a positive electrode thin grid line 16 and a negative electrode thin grid line 19 extending in a first direction. The positive electrode connecting electrode and the negative electrode connecting electrode extend in a second direction crossing the first direction and are respectively connected with the positive electrode thin grid line. 16 is connected to the negative electrode fine grid line 19. The first direction and the second direction are only used to distinguish the two directions and do not involve the explanation of the order. The first direction and the second direction are preferably arranged vertically at a 90-degree intersection angle. The positive connecting electrode consists of two parts: a positive electric contact 14 and a positive connecting grid line 15. The negative connecting electrode consists of two parts: a negative electric contact 17 and a negative connecting grid line 18. The conductive adhesive can be stencil printed. deposited on the positive electrical contact 14 and/or the negative electrical contact 17 of the back contact solar cell.
如图3所示，导电粘合剂可以设置在导电层4的第一导电区域12和第二导电区域13内，且第一导电区域12和第二导电区域13内均设有多个导电粘合剂以增加连接的稳定性。As shown in FIG. 3 , the conductive adhesive can be disposed in the first conductive region 12 and the second conductive region 13 of the conductive layer 4 , and a plurality of conductive adhesives are provided in both the first conductive region 12 and the second conductive region 13 . mixture to increase the stability of the connection.
在一种可选方式中，绝缘层5位于导电层4和电池片层7之间，能够用作密封层，用于保护背接触太阳能电池不受背面湿气侵入等损害，绝缘层5上设置的多个用于放置导电体6的通孔，其位置与背接触太阳能电池背部的电极触点相对应。绝缘层5包括聚合物，该聚合物选自乙烯-醋酸乙烯脂、离聚物、硅树脂基密封剂、TPU(热塑性尿烷)和PVB(聚乙烯醇缩丁醛)。In an optional manner, the insulating layer 5 is located between the conductive layer 4 and the cell layer 7 and can be used as a sealing layer to protect the back contact solar cell from damage such as moisture intrusion from the back. The insulating layer 5 is provided A plurality of through holes for placing conductors 6, the positions of which correspond to the electrode contacts on the back contact of the solar cell. The insulating layer 5 consists of a polymer selected from the group consisting of ethylene vinyl acetate, ionomers, silicone-based sealants, TPU (thermoplastic urethane) and PVB (polyvinyl butyral).
为了对背接触太阳能电池的前表面绝缘密封，在盖板9与电池片层7之间，还设置有密封材料层8，密封材料层8包括聚合物，该聚合物选自乙烯-醋酸乙烯脂、离聚物、(聚)硅树脂基密封剂、TPU(热塑性尿烷)和PVB(聚乙烯醇缩丁醛)。另外，为了保证背接触太阳能电池的吸光率，盖板9采用透光的玻璃盖板。In order to insulate and seal the front surface of the back contact solar cell, a sealing material layer 8 is also provided between the cover plate 9 and the cell sheet layer 7. The sealing material layer 8 includes a polymer selected from ethylene-vinyl acetate. , ionomers, (poly) silicone-based sealants, TPU (thermoplastic urethane) and PVB (polyvinyl butyral). In addition, in order to ensure the light absorption rate of the back-contact solar cell, the cover 9 is made of a light-transmitting glass cover.
最后，在依次层叠设置了背板层1、阻水涂层2、粘结层3、导电层4、绝缘层5、电池片层7、密封材料层8和盖板9之后，对该堆叠结构进行层压处理，在层压时，将该堆叠结构暴露于升高的温度和升高的压力环境中。该层压步骤在层压设备中进行，以使背接触太阳能电池组件各层固化，形成连续稳定的层压体，而层压时，由于处于高温和高压的环境下，粘结层3会流动填充在导电层4的分离槽10内，既起到第一导电区域12和第二导电区域13的隔离作用，又起到导电层4内的支撑作用，使得组件整体更加稳定可靠。Finally, after the backsheet layer 1, water-blocking coating 2, adhesive layer 3, conductive layer 4, insulating layer 5, battery layer 7, sealing material layer 8 and cover plate 9 are stacked in sequence, the stacked structure A lamination process is performed in which the stacked structure is exposed to an elevated temperature and elevated pressure environment. This lamination step is performed in a lamination equipment to solidify the layers of the back contact solar cell module to form a continuous and stable laminate. During lamination, the adhesive layer 3 will flow due to the high temperature and high pressure environment. The separation groove 10 filled in the conductive layer 4 not only serves to isolate the first conductive region 12 and the second conductive region 13, but also plays a supporting role in the conductive layer 4, making the entire assembly more stable and reliable.
本发明实施例还提供了另一种背接触太阳能电池组件，参阅图4，本方案与第一种背接触太阳能电池组件相比，区别在于：阻水涂层2或阻水薄膜为设置于导电层4表面且将分离槽10完全遮挡的线形膜层。所述线性膜层是指位于和导电层4表面相对的位置观察时，阻水涂层2或阻水薄膜呈线形形状。采用这种结构，阻水涂层2或阻水薄膜仅需要将分离槽10遮挡住即可，不需要覆盖背板层1的整个表面，节约了材料，优化了结构，降低了成本。The embodiment of the present invention also provides another back-contact solar cell module. Refer to Figure 4. Compared with the first back-contact solar cell module, the difference between this solution and the first back-contact solar cell module is that the water-blocking coating 2 or the water-blocking film is disposed on a conductive surface. A linear film layer on the surface of layer 4 and completely blocking the separation groove 10. The linear film layer means that the water-blocking coating 2 or the water-blocking film has a linear shape when viewed from a position opposite to the surface of the conductive layer 4 . With this structure, the water-blocking coating 2 or water-blocking film only needs to cover the separation tank 10 and does not need to cover the entire surface of the backing layer 1, thus saving materials, optimizing the structure, and reducing costs.
作为一种可能的实现方式，分离槽10沿曲线方向延伸，阻水涂层2或阻水薄膜与分离槽10形状相同，也为曲线延伸的形状，其中，分离槽10沿曲线方向延伸后呈波浪形状，例如呈正弦曲线形状或余弦曲线形状，能够优化原导电区域11的分布规划，使导电层4上有尽可能多的区域与背接触太阳能电池接触，并保证导电的可靠性和稳定性；当分离槽10为正弦曲线或余弦曲线等形状时，阻水涂层2或阻水薄膜也为正弦曲线或余弦曲线等形状，既优化了阻水涂层2 和阻水薄膜的形状，节约了材料和成本，又保证了阻水涂层2和阻水薄膜能够完全遮挡分离槽10，保证了组件的阻水性能。As a possible implementation manner, the separation tank 10 extends along a curved direction, and the water-blocking coating 2 or the water-blocking film has the same shape as the separation tank 10 and is also a curved extension shape, wherein the separation tank 10 extends along the curved direction to form a curved shape. The wavy shape, such as a sine curve shape or a cosine curve shape, can optimize the distribution planning of the original conductive area 11 so that as many areas as possible on the conductive layer 4 are in contact with the back contact solar cell and ensure the reliability and stability of conduction. ; When the separation tank 10 is in the shape of a sinusoidal curve or a cosine curve, the water-blocking coating 2 or the water-blocking film is also in a shape of a sinusoidal curve or a cosine curve, which not only optimizes the shapes of the water-blocking coating 2 and the water-blocking film, but also saves money. The material and cost are reduced, and the water-blocking coating 2 and the water-blocking film can completely block the separation tank 10, ensuring the water-blocking performance of the component.
在一种可选方式中，阻水涂层2或阻水薄膜与分离槽10的横截面积之比大于1.5，以保证阻水涂层2或阻水薄膜能够完全遮挡分离槽10，同时留出一点偏移空间，防止生产加工时阻水涂层2或阻水薄膜发生偏移而无法遮挡住分离槽 10。In an optional manner, the ratio of the cross-sectional area of the water-blocking coating 2 or the water-blocking film to the separation tank 10 is greater than 1.5 to ensure that the water-blocking coating 2 or the water-blocking film can completely block the separation tank 10 while leaving A little offset space is provided to prevent the water-blocking coating 2 or the water-blocking film from being offset and unable to cover the separation tank 10 during production and processing.
鉴于阻水涂层2的厚度较小，不易对导电层4支撑和保护，且自身容易在生产加工中损坏的问题。基于此，本实施例在背板层1与导电层4、阻水涂层2 之间设有粘结层3，由于阻水涂层2靠近导电层4，所以粘结层3位于背板层1 与导电层4、背板层1与阻水涂层2之间，通过设置粘结层3，可以对导电层4 和阻水涂层2进行支撑和保护，提高组件的可靠性和稳定性，降低阻水涂层2 的加工难度，提高阻水涂层2的成品质量。In view of the small thickness of the water-blocking coating 2, it is difficult to support and protect the conductive layer 4, and it is easily damaged during production and processing. Based on this, in this embodiment, an adhesive layer 3 is provided between the backplane layer 1, the conductive layer 4, and the water-blocking coating 2. Since the water-blocking coating 2 is close to the conductive layer 4, the adhesive layer 3 is located on the backplane layer. 1 and the conductive layer 4, the backplane layer 1 and the water-blocking coating 2, by providing an adhesive layer 3, the conductive layer 4 and the water-blocking coating 2 can be supported and protected, thereby improving the reliability and stability of the component. , reduce the processing difficulty of the water-blocking coating 2 and improve the quality of the finished product of the water-blocking coating 2.
本实施优选阻水涂层2或阻水薄膜的横截面积与粘结层3的横截面积之比为5％～50％，当阻水涂层2或阻水薄膜的横截面积与粘结层3的横截面积之比小于5％时，阻水涂层2或阻水薄膜的面积较小，粘结层3的面积较大，浪费材料且二者均不易加工，当阻水涂层2或阻水薄膜的横截面积与粘结层3的横截面积之比大于50％时，阻水涂层2或阻水薄膜的面积较大，浪费材料且阻水涂层2不易加工，当阻水涂层2或阻水薄膜的横截面积与粘结层3的横截面积之比为5％～50％时，既能够节约材料，节省成本，又使得阻水涂层2、阻水薄膜和粘结层3加工更加方便容易。其中，粘结层3为具有热粘结性的热粘合层，其材料如上述方案所述的粘结层3的材料一致，由于阻水涂层与导电层之间具有较弱的粘合力，故而在导电层4上加工分离槽10时，能够很方便的对其中的废料进行去除，而在后续的层压步骤中，虽然阻水涂层2会阻碍粘结层3流动填充到分离槽10内，但绝缘层5可以流动填充到分离槽10内，进而对导电层4 和组件整体进行支撑和保护，提高组件的可靠性。In this implementation, it is preferred that the ratio of the cross-sectional area of the water-blocking coating 2 or water-blocking film to the cross-sectional area of the adhesive layer 3 is 5% to 50%. When the ratio of the cross-sectional areas of the bonding layer 3 is less than 5%, the area of the water-blocking coating 2 or the water-blocking film is smaller, and the area of the bonding layer 3 is larger, which wastes material and both are difficult to process. When the water-blocking coating is When the ratio of the cross-sectional area of layer 2 or water-blocking film to the cross-sectional area of adhesive layer 3 is greater than 50%, the area of water-blocking coating 2 or water-blocking film is larger, which wastes material and makes water-blocking coating 2 difficult to process. , when the ratio of the cross-sectional area of the water-blocking coating 2 or the water-blocking film to the cross-sectional area of the adhesive layer 3 is 5% to 50%, it can not only save materials and costs, but also make the water-blocking coating 2, The water-blocking film and adhesive layer 3 are more convenient and easier to process. Among them, the adhesive layer 3 is a thermal adhesive layer with thermal adhesiveness, and its material is the same as the material of the adhesive layer 3 described in the above solution. Since the water-blocking coating and the conductive layer have weak adhesion, Therefore, when processing the separation groove 10 on the conductive layer 4, the waste material can be easily removed, and in the subsequent lamination step, although the water-blocking coating 2 will hinder the flow of the adhesive layer 3 to fill to the separation In the groove 10, the insulating layer 5 can flow and fill into the separation groove 10, thereby supporting and protecting the conductive layer 4 and the entire assembly, thereby improving the reliability of the assembly.
本发明实施例还提供一种背接触太阳能电池组件的制造方法，包括提供一背板层1；在背板层1表面形成阻水涂层2或阻水薄膜；在阻水涂层2或阻水薄膜上设置导电层4，在导电层4上加工分离槽10，以将导电层4分为相互绝缘的第一区域、第二区域和第三区域，第一区域、第二区域和第三区域分别与两块电池片的电极触点相对应，剥离分离槽4内的废料；在导电层上制作绝缘层5，绝缘层5具有贯穿的通孔，在通孔内设置与电池片电极触点相对性的导电体6；在绝缘层5上设置至少一组电池片，每组电池片包括两个电池片，每组电池片的其中一个电池片的两个电极触点通过导电体6分别与导电层4的第一区域和第二区域电连接，另一个电池片的两个电极触点通过导电体6分别与导电层4 的第二区域和第三区域电连接，两个电池片与第二区域电连接的两个电极触点的极性相反；对背接触太阳能电池组件进行层压处理。Embodiments of the present invention also provide a method for manufacturing a back-contact solar cell module, which includes providing a backsheet layer 1; forming a water-blocking coating 2 or a water-blocking film on the surface of the backsheet layer 1; A conductive layer 4 is provided on the water film, and a separation groove 10 is processed on the conductive layer 4 to divide the conductive layer 4 into a first region, a second region and a third region that are insulated from each other. The areas correspond to the electrode contacts of the two battery sheets respectively, and the waste materials in the separation groove 4 are peeled off; an insulating layer 5 is made on the conductive layer, and the insulating layer 5 has a penetrating through hole, and contacts with the battery sheet electrodes are arranged in the through hole. Point-relative conductors 6; at least one group of battery sheets is provided on the insulating layer 5. Each group of battery sheets includes two battery sheets. The two electrode contacts of one battery sheet in each group of battery sheets are respectively connected through the conductor 6. is electrically connected to the first region and the second region of the conductive layer 4, and the two electrode contacts of the other battery piece are electrically connected to the second region and the third region of the conductive layer 4 respectively through the conductor 6, and the two battery pieces are connected to the first region and the second region of the conductive layer 4. The two electrode contacts electrically connected in the second area have opposite polarities; the back contact solar cell module is laminated.
与现有技术相比，除了具有上述技术方案所述的背接触太阳能电池组件有益效果之外，本发明中，导电层4上设置有三个区域，两块电池片的电极触点通过与三个区域电连接，以实现电池片与导电层4之间的正常导电，保证太阳能电池组件的正常工作，同时通过与三个区域电连接，使得两块电池片之间相导通，从而使两块电池片能够叠加电量进行供电，提高了电池片层7的供电量，另外，采用这种结构，导电层4能够作为一个整体同时对两块电池进行导电，优化了导电层4的结构，降低了导电层4的加工成本，另外，阻水涂层2与导电层4之间的粘结性较弱，便于分离槽10内废料的剥离。Compared with the prior art, in addition to having the beneficial effects of the back-contact solar cell module described in the above technical solution, in the present invention, three areas are provided on the conductive layer 4, and the electrode contacts of the two cells are connected to the three The regions are electrically connected to achieve normal conduction between the cells and the conductive layer 4 to ensure the normal operation of the solar cell module. At the same time, by electrically connecting with the three regions, the two cells are connected to each other, thereby making the two cells conductive. The battery chip can superimpose the power for power supply, which increases the power supply of the battery layer 7. In addition, using this structure, the conductive layer 4 can conduct electricity to two batteries at the same time as a whole, optimizing the structure of the conductive layer 4 and reducing the cost. The processing cost of the conductive layer 4 is reduced. In addition, the adhesion between the water-blocking coating 2 and the conductive layer 4 is weak, which facilitates the peeling off of waste materials in the separation tank 10 .
作为一种可能的实现方式，所述的在背板层1表面形成阻水涂层2，具体为在背板层1表面沉积阻水涂层2；对阻水涂层2进行能量固化，采用沉积的方式制作阻水涂层2，能够更加容易方便的形成涂层并能制作出高质量的涂层薄膜，采用能量固化的方式对阻水涂层2进行固化，能够节约时间，提高生产效率，得到高质量的固化成品。As a possible implementation method, the water-blocking coating 2 is formed on the surface of the backing layer 1, specifically, the water-blocking coating 2 is deposited on the surface of the backing layer 1; the water-blocking coating 2 is energy-cured, using Making the water-blocking coating 2 by deposition can make it easier and more convenient to form the coating and produce a high-quality coating film. Using energy curing to cure the water-blocking coating 2 can save time and improve production efficiency. , to obtain high-quality cured finished products.
在一种可选方式中，阻水涂层2的沉积方式为丝网印刷或闪蒸，丝网印刷是指用丝网作为版基，并通过感光制版方法，制成带有图文的丝网印版，闪蒸的技术原理为将高温高压容器中的有机材料液体抽到比较低压的容器中，经过超声波雾化，由惰性气体作为载气运送到反应腔室，由于基板温度较低，有机材料接触到基板后液化，沉积完成后传送至固化腔室，经过一定强度和时间的紫外线照射，有机材料固化，形成有机薄膜。闪蒸发技术采用瞬间加热升华的方式沉积有机层薄膜。闪蒸的有机层的厚度小于10微米。因为有机层的沉积为液态，可以有效覆盖基材表面的结构，并具有极好的平坦化性能，采用这两种方式沉积，能够提高生产效率和提高成品质量。In an optional method, the deposition method of the water-blocking coating 2 is screen printing or flash evaporation. Screen printing refers to using a silk screen as a plate base and using a photosensitive plate making method to make a silk screen with graphics and text. Screen printing plate, the technical principle of flash evaporation is to pump the organic material liquid in the high-temperature and high-pressure container into a relatively low-pressure container, and after ultrasonic atomization, the inert gas is used as the carrier gas and transported to the reaction chamber. Due to the low temperature of the substrate, The organic material liquefies after contacting the substrate. After the deposition is completed, it is transferred to the curing chamber. After a certain intensity and time of ultraviolet irradiation, the organic material solidifies to form an organic film. Flash evaporation technology uses instantaneous heating and sublimation to deposit organic layer thin films. The thickness of the flashed organic layer is less than 10 microns. Because the organic layer is deposited in a liquid state, it can effectively cover the structure of the substrate surface and has excellent planarization properties. Using these two methods of deposition can improve production efficiency and improve the quality of finished products.
另外，也可以非真空的方法，例如凹版印刷、喷雾涂布和喷墨打印，凹版印刷是使整个印版表面涂满油墨，然后用特制的刮墨机构，把空白部分的油墨去除干净，使油墨只存留在图文部分的网穴之中，再在较大的压力作用下，将油墨转移到承印物表面，获得印刷品。喷雾涂布的原理为涂料经过喷嘴孔以高压连续喷射至涂布原纸上。喷墨打印的原理为喷头从微孔板上吸取探针试剂后移至处理过的支持物上，通过热敏或声控等形式喷射器的动力把液滴喷射到支持物表面。In addition, non-vacuum methods can also be used, such as gravure printing, spray coating and inkjet printing. In gravure printing, the entire surface of the printing plate is covered with ink, and then a special scraping mechanism is used to remove the ink in the blank parts, making the The ink only remains in the cells of the graphic part, and then under greater pressure, the ink is transferred to the surface of the substrate to obtain printed matter. The principle of spray coating is that the paint is continuously sprayed onto the coating base paper at high pressure through the nozzle hole. The principle of inkjet printing is that the nozzle absorbs the probe reagent from the microwell plate and moves it to the treated support. The droplets are ejected onto the surface of the support through the power of a thermal or sound-activated injector.
在一种可选方式中，能量固化的方式包括UV固化、红外固化和电子束固化，UV固化是指利用紫外线对涂料进行固化的方式，红外固化是指利用红外光对涂料进行固化的方式，电子束固化是依托电子化途径实现电子束固定在每件物件之上的一种物理方式。采用上述固化方式，能够提高生产效率和提高成品质量。在阻水涂层2沉积到背板层1上后，对其进行固化，例如，喷墨打印有机阻水材料完成后，背板层1表面是密集排布的点状墨滴，待点状墨滴扩散、流平成为光滑的薄膜以后，以功率为60W的UV灯照射固化40s。UV灯可使用 LED灯，波长400nm，LED灯可为面光源灯，易于固化大面积的区域。在有机层单体的固化中应用LED灯，可显著降低固化温度，降低固化阶段的规模、复杂性和成本。In an optional method, energy curing methods include UV curing, infrared curing and electron beam curing. UV curing refers to the method of using ultraviolet light to cure the coating, and infrared curing refers to the method of using infrared light to cure the coating. Electron beam curing is a physical method that relies on electronic means to fix electron beams on each object. Using the above curing method can improve production efficiency and improve the quality of finished products. After the water-blocking coating 2 is deposited on the backing layer 1, it is cured. For example, after the inkjet printing of the organic water-blocking material is completed, the surface of the backing layer 1 will be densely arranged dot-shaped ink droplets. After the ink droplets are spread and leveled into a smooth film, they are irradiated and cured with a 60W UV lamp for 40 seconds. UV lamps can use LED lamps with a wavelength of 400nm. The LED lamps can be surface light sources, which are easy to cure large areas. The application of LED lights in the curing of organic layer monomers can significantly reduce the curing temperature and reduce the scale, complexity and cost of the curing stage.
作为一种可能的实现方式，阻水涂层2固化后，在阻水涂层2上沉积无机材料层，无机材料为SiO2(二氧化硅)、Si3N4(氮化硅)、SiOxNy(氮氧化硅)、 Al2O3(氧化铝)、AlN(氮化铝)中的一种或多种，通过进一步设置无机材料层，能够增加组件的阻水性能，提高组件的可靠性。As a possible implementation method, after the water-blocking coating 2 is cured, an inorganic material layer is deposited on the water-blocking coating 2. The inorganic materials are SiO2 (silicon dioxide), Si3 N4 (silicon nitride), SiO One or more ofx Ny (silicon oxynitride), Al2 O3 (aluminum oxide), and AlN (aluminum nitride), by further setting an inorganic material layer, can increase the water-blocking performance of the component and improve the component's reliability.
在一种可选方式中，无机材料层的沉积方法为溅射沉积、喷墨打印、ALD 沉积和PECVD沉积中的一种或多种组合。溅射沉积的原理是在真空室中，利用荷能粒子轰击靶材表面，通过粒子动量传递打出靶材中的原子及其它粒子，并使其沉淀在基体上形成薄膜。ALD沉积(Atomic layer deposition原子层沉积) 是一种可以将物质以单原子膜形式一层一层的镀在基底表面的方法。PECVD沉积(等离子体增强化学气相淀积)的原理为在真空压力下，加在电极板上的射频电场，是反应式气体发生辉光放点，在辉光发电区域产生大量的电子，这些电子在电场的作用下获得充足的能量，其本身温度很高，它与气体分子向碰撞，使气体分子活化，它们吸附在衬底上，并发生化学反应生成介质膜。采用这几种沉积方法，能够使无机材料更加方便容易的沉积在阻水涂层2上，提高组件生产效率和提高成品的质量。In an optional manner, the deposition method of the inorganic material layer is one or more combinations of sputtering deposition, inkjet printing, ALD deposition and PECVD deposition. The principle of sputtering deposition is to use charged particles to bombard the target surface in a vacuum chamber, and the atoms and other particles in the target are ejected through particle momentum transfer, and are deposited on the substrate to form a thin film. ALD deposition (Atomic layer deposition) is a method that can plate substances on the surface of a substrate layer by layer in the form of a single atomic film. The principle of PECVD deposition (Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition) is that under vacuum pressure, a radio frequency electric field is applied to the electrode plate, which is the point where the reactive gas generates glow, and a large number of electrons are generated in the glow power generation area. These electrons Sufficient energy is obtained under the action of the electric field, and its temperature is very high. It collides with gas molecules to activate the gas molecules. They are adsorbed on the substrate and chemically react to form a dielectric film. Using these deposition methods, inorganic materials can be deposited on the water-blocking coating 2 more conveniently and easily, thereby improving component production efficiency and improving the quality of finished products.
其中，对于溅射沉积方式，由于沉积过程中的离子轰击对基板表面进行了预处理，使得通过脉冲直流或交流溅射沉积的无机层薄膜与有机平坦化层的粘附力较好，进而使有机平坦化层的亲水氧化物像干燥剂一样吸附水汽，从而延长其达到渗透稳态的延迟时间，保证阻水涂层2和无机层的使用寿命不出现失效。而PECVD沉积也可用于低温下无机薄膜层的沉积。PECVD沉积不仅具有较高的沉积速率、良好的阶梯覆盖性、能够连续沉积等优点，还可通过改变前驱气体比例来调控薄膜的成分，同时也能够沉积较多种类的氧化物和其他化合物。Among them, for the sputtering deposition method, due to the ion bombardment during the deposition process, the substrate surface is pre-treated, so that the adhesion between the inorganic layer film deposited by pulsed DC or AC sputtering and the organic planarization layer is better, thus making the The hydrophilic oxide of the organic planarization layer adsorbs water vapor like a desiccant, thereby prolonging the delay time for it to reach a steady state of penetration and ensuring that the service life of the water-blocking coating 2 and the inorganic layer does not fail. PECVD deposition can also be used to deposit inorganic thin films at low temperatures. PECVD deposition not only has the advantages of high deposition rate, good step coverage, and continuous deposition, but also can control the composition of the film by changing the proportion of precursor gas, and can also deposit a variety of oxides and other compounds.
可以理解的是，阻水涂层2的沉积为有机层的沉积，其具有有机平坦化层较高的交联性，能够减慢水汽和氧气的渗透，进而增加其延迟时间，增长其达到渗透稳态的时间，从而增加了自身的阻水能力，其中的聚合物层对水汽渗透起到了关键的阻挡作用，降低了组件整体的水汽渗透速率。而其沉积的有机平坦化层降低了无机材料沉积后形成的无机层的缺陷密度，当无机膜层的缺陷密度较低时，会使有机平坦化层的渗透速率减慢，进而增加其水汽渗透的延迟时间，提高其自身的阻水能力。当水汽渗透并通过阻水涂层2和无机层构成的薄膜封装层时，有机层高分子材料的高度交联结构和其对无机层缺陷的分离延长了水汽渗透途径，使得水汽渗透到太阳能电池的电极触点时，其总质量已经大大减少，不会对电极触点产生影响或影响较小，进而提高背接触太阳能电池组件的可靠性。It can be understood that the deposition of the water-blocking coating 2 is the deposition of an organic layer, which has high cross-linking properties of the organic planarization layer and can slow down the penetration of water vapor and oxygen, thereby increasing its delay time and increasing its penetration. The stable state time increases its own water-blocking ability. The polymer layer plays a key blocking role in water vapor penetration and reduces the overall water vapor penetration rate of the component. The deposited organic planarization layer reduces the defect density of the inorganic layer formed after the deposition of inorganic materials. When the defect density of the inorganic film layer is low, the penetration rate of the organic planarization layer will be slowed down, thereby increasing its water vapor penetration. delay time to improve its own water-blocking ability. When water vapor penetrates and passes through the thin film encapsulation layer composed of the water-blocking coating 2 and the inorganic layer, the highly cross-linked structure of the organic layer polymer material and its separation of defects in the inorganic layer prolong the water vapor penetration path, allowing the water vapor to penetrate into the solar cell When the electrode contacts are connected, their total mass has been greatly reduced, and there will be no or little impact on the electrode contacts, thereby improving the reliability of the back contact solar cell module.
在上述实施方式的描述中，具体特征、结构、材料或者特点可以在任何的一个或多个实施例或示例中以合适的方式结合。In the above description of the embodiments, specific features, structures, materials or characteristics may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.
以上所述，仅为本发明的具体实施方式，但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此，任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明揭露的技术范围内，可轻易想到变化或替换，都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。因此，本发明的保护范围应以所述权利要求的保护范围为准。The above are only specific embodiments of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any person familiar with the technical field can easily think of changes or substitutions within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention. should be covered by the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention should be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
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| CN202111182302.1ACN114038929B (en) | 2021-10-11 | 2021-10-11 | Back contact solar cell module and manufacturing method thereof |
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| CN202111182302.1ACN114038929B (en) | 2021-10-11 | 2021-10-11 | Back contact solar cell module and manufacturing method thereof |
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