技术领域Technical Field
本发明涉及电力系统内部过电压模拟技术领域，特别涉及一种电力系统内部过电压模拟展示系统及工作方法。The present invention relates to the technical field of overvoltage simulation inside a power system, and in particular to an overvoltage simulation display system and a working method inside a power system.
背景技术Background technique
本部分的陈述仅仅是提供了与本发明相关的背景技术，并不必然构成现有技术。The statements in this section merely provide background art related to the present invention and do not necessarily constitute prior art.
电力系统受到多种条件影响，会造成电压或者电流升高的现象，有的受外界大气环境影响，比如雷击，就造成了大气方面的过电压，有的是受电力参数的限制，可能造成谐振或者参数突变，就形成了内部过电压。内部过电压包含有非常多的类型，其中操作过电压，指的是刀闸进行操作，或者电网系统突然发生损坏，以毫秒计算，时间很短，而暂时性质过电压，指的是瞬间动作完毕，但电力系统未能立刻回到正常工作状态，而是出现了电压值升高，或者是触发了谐振条件，使系统脱离正常运行状态，其持续时间较长。The power system is affected by many conditions, which may cause the voltage or current to rise. Some are affected by the external atmospheric environment, such as lightning strikes, which cause atmospheric overvoltages. Some are limited by power parameters, which may cause resonance or parameter mutations, forming internal overvoltages. There are many types of internal overvoltages. Among them, operational overvoltage refers to the operation of the knife switch or the sudden damage of the power grid system. It is calculated in milliseconds and the time is very short. Temporary overvoltage refers to the instantaneous action, but the power system fails to return to normal working state immediately, but the voltage value increases, or the resonance condition is triggered, causing the system to be out of normal operation, and its duration is longer.
对于整个的电网系统来讲，过电压的问题是研究超高压、特高压技术，设计电气设备的绝缘强度问题所必须要重视的课题之一。不管是内部电力系统参数改变带来的过电压，还是外部雷电等气象条件带来的过电压，都会对电力的持续运行带来损害甚至造成不可估量的损失。其中有些情况，比如谐振的时候甚至会稳定存在，所以对过电压的形成成因进行全面深入的分析，对其抑制措施提出更为有效的见解是目前的研究重点。For the entire power grid system, the problem of overvoltage is one of the topics that must be paid attention to when studying ultra-high voltage and UHV technology and designing the insulation strength of electrical equipment. Whether it is overvoltage caused by changes in internal power system parameters or overvoltage caused by external meteorological conditions such as lightning, it will damage the continuous operation of electricity and even cause immeasurable losses. In some cases, such as resonance, it may even exist stably, so a comprehensive and in-depth analysis of the causes of overvoltage and a more effective understanding of its suppression measures are the current research focus.
但是，发明人发现，实际的电网电压等级高，在日常教学或者演示环节难以实地观察学习，直接的采用较高的电网电压接入演示会带来较大的安全隐患。However, the inventors have found that the actual grid voltage level is high, which makes it difficult to observe and learn on the spot during daily teaching or demonstration. Directly using a higher grid voltage to access the demonstration will bring greater safety hazards.
发明内容Summary of the invention
为了解决现有技术的不足，本发明提供了一种电力系统内部过电压模拟展示系统及工作方法，在保留过电压成因要素的基础上，降低了电压等级，模拟了真实电气环境，分别对不同过电压成因设计了相应的防范措施，能够实现防范不足、合适防范以及过度方法时的演示。In order to address the deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention provides an internal overvoltage simulation display system and a working method for an electric power system. While retaining the overvoltage causal factors, the voltage level is reduced, the real electrical environment is simulated, and corresponding preventive measures are designed for different overvoltage causes, thereby realizing the demonstration of insufficient prevention, appropriate prevention and excessive methods.
为了实现上述目的，本发明采用如下技术方案：In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:
本发明第一方面提供了一种电力系统内部过电压模拟展示系统。A first aspect of the present invention provides a system for simulating and displaying overvoltage inside a power system.
一种电力系统内部过电压模拟展示系统，包括：微处理器、显示模块、切空变转换电路模块和按键电路模块；An overvoltage simulation display system inside a power system, comprising: a microprocessor, a display module, a space-cutting transformer conversion circuit module and a key circuit module;
所述显示模块、切空变转换电路模块和按键电路模块均与微处理器通信连接；The display module, the space-cut conversion circuit module and the key circuit module are all connected to the microprocessor for communication;
所述切空变转换电路模块至少包括四位拨码开关，当四位拨码开关均关闭时，代表不采取抑制措施时进行空载变压器的切除；The no-load transformer switching circuit module includes at least four-position dial switches. When the four-position dial switches are all closed, it means that the no-load transformer is cut off when no suppression measures are taken;
四位拨码开关的第一位单独打开代表加装电解电容时进行空载变压器的切除；When the first position of the four-position DIP switch is turned on, it means that the no-load transformer will be cut off when the electrolytic capacitor is installed;
四位拨码开关的第二位单独打开代表加入稳压管时进行空载变压器的切除；When the second position of the four-position DIP switch is turned on alone, it means that the no-load transformer will be cut off when the voltage regulator tube is added;
四位拨码开关的第三位单独打开代表加入压敏电阻时进行空载变压器的切除；The third position of the four-position DIP switch is turned on alone, which means that the no-load transformer is cut off when the varistor is added;
四位拨码开关的第四位单独打开代表加入加装电阻时进行空载变压器的切除。When the fourth position of the four-position DIP switch is turned on alone, it means that the no-load transformer will be cut off when the additional resistor is added.
进一步的，所述切空变转换电路模块还包括两位拨码开关，两位拨码开关的第一位单独打开代表切满变情况，两位拨码开关的第二位单独打开代表切除70％容性负载，两位拨码开关全部关闭时代表切除空载变压器。Furthermore, the empty transformer conversion circuit module also includes a two-position dip switch, wherein the first position of the two-position dip switch is turned on to represent the full transformer switching, the second position of the two-position dip switch is turned on to represent the cutting of 70% of the capacitive load, and when both the two-position dip switches are turned off, it represents the cutting of the empty transformer.
更进一步的，两位拨码开关的第一位通过电阻串并联网络与变压器的次边线圈连接，电阻串并联网络包括阻值相同且并联的两路，每路均包括串联的两个同阻值电阻。Furthermore, the first position of the two-position dip switch is connected to the secondary coil of the transformer through a resistor series-parallel network. The resistor series-parallel network includes two paths with the same resistance value and connected in parallel, and each path includes two resistors with the same resistance value connected in series.
更进一步的，两位拨码开关的第一位通过三个并联的电容与变压器的次边线圈连接。Furthermore, the first position of the two-position dip switch is connected to the secondary coil of the transformer through three capacitors connected in parallel.
进一步的，四位拨码开关的第一位与并联的四个电容的一端连接，并联的四个电容的另一端分别与测试点示波器和继电器连接，继电器与微处理器连接。Furthermore, the first position of the four-position DIP switch is connected to one end of four capacitors connected in parallel, and the other ends of the four capacitors connected in parallel are respectively connected to a test point oscilloscope and a relay, and the relay is connected to a microprocessor.
进一步的，四位拨码开关的第二位与对头串联的两个稳压管的一端连接，对头串联的两个稳压管的另一端分别与测试点示波器和继电器连接，继电器与微处理器连接。Furthermore, the second position of the four-position DIP switch is connected to one end of two voltage regulator tubes connected in series, and the other ends of the two voltage regulator tubes connected in series are respectively connected to the test point oscilloscope and the relay, and the relay is connected to the microprocessor.
进一步的，四位拨码开关的第三位与压敏电阻的一端连接，压敏电阻的另一端分别与测试点示波器和继电器连接，继电器与微处理器连接。Furthermore, the third position of the four-position DIP switch is connected to one end of the varistor, the other end of the varistor is respectively connected to the test point oscilloscope and the relay, and the relay is connected to the microprocessor.
进一步的，四位拨码开关的第四位与加装电阻的一端连接，加装电阻的另一端分别与测试点示波器和继电器连接，继电器与微处理器连接。Furthermore, the fourth position of the four-position DIP switch is connected to one end of the installed resistor, and the other end of the installed resistor is respectively connected to the test point oscilloscope and the relay, and the relay is connected to the microprocessor.
进一步的，所述处理器还连接有多个用于指示程序运行状态的指示灯。Furthermore, the processor is also connected to a plurality of indicator lights for indicating the program running status.
进一步的，按键电路模块包括第一按键、第二按键、第三按键和第四按键，第一按键、第二按键、第三按键和第四按键分别并联有一个电容；Further, the key circuit module includes a first key, a second key, a third key and a fourth key, and the first key, the second key, the third key and the fourth key are respectively connected in parallel with a capacitor;
第一按键为设置按键，第一按键按下时进入延时的调整界面；The first button is a setting button. When the first button is pressed, the delay adjustment interface is entered;
第二按键为加按键，第三按键为减按键，在调整界面按下第二按键或者第三按键，能够进行切空变的延时时间设定；The second button is the plus button, and the third button is the minus button. Press the second button or the third button in the adjustment interface to set the delay time of the air-cut variable.
第四按键为切空变按键，第四按键按下时，经过一定延时时间，继电器动作，切除变压器。The fourth button is the button for cutting off the transformer. When the fourth button is pressed, after a certain delay time, the relay will be activated and the transformer will be cut off.
本发明第二方面提供了一种电力系统内部过电压模拟展示系统的工作方法，利用上述的电力系统内部过电压模拟展示系统，包括以下过程：A second aspect of the present invention provides a working method of an internal overvoltage simulation display system of an electric power system, using the above-mentioned internal overvoltage simulation display system of an electric power system, comprising the following process:
通过四位拨码开关进行抑制措施设定；The suppression measures are set via a four-position DIP switch;
通过四位拨码开关进行切空变、切满变和切除70％容性负载的选择；The four-position DIP switch is used to select the empty load cut, full load cut and 70% capacitive load cut.
通过按键电路模块进行延时时间设定和变压器切除控制；Delay time setting and transformer cut-off control are performed through the key circuit module;
微处理器根据接收到的第四按键的按压信号，结合抑制措施、切除选择结果，生成变压器切除指令；The microprocessor generates a transformer removal instruction according to the received pressing signal of the fourth button, combined with the suppression measures and the removal selection result;
通过显示模块和示波器进行切除效果的展示。The removal effect is demonstrated through the display module and oscilloscope.
与现有技术相比，本发明的有益效果是：Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:
本发明提供的电力系统内部过电压模拟展示系统及工作方法，在保留过电压成因要素的基础上，降低了电压等级，模拟了真实电气环境，分别对不同过电压成因设计了相应的防范措施，能够实现防范不足、合适防范以及过度方法时的演示。The power system internal overvoltage simulation display system and working method provided by the present invention reduce the voltage level and simulate the real electrical environment on the basis of retaining the overvoltage cause factors, and design corresponding preventive measures for different overvoltage causes, so as to realize the demonstration of insufficient prevention, appropriate prevention and excessive methods.
本发明附加方面的优点将在下面的描述中部分给出，部分将从下面的描述中变得明显，或通过本发明的实践了解到。Advantages of additional aspects of the present invention will be given in part in the following description, and in part will become obvious from the following description, or will be learned through practice of the present invention.
附图说明BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
构成本发明的一部分的说明书附图用来提供对本发明的进一步理解，本发明的示意性实施例及其说明用于解释本发明，并不构成对本发明的不当限定。The accompanying drawings in the specification, which constitute a part of the present invention, are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention. The exemplary embodiments of the present invention and their descriptions are used to explain the present invention and do not constitute improper limitations on the present invention.
图1为本发明实施例提供的切空变装置框图。FIG1 is a block diagram of a shear transformer provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
图2为本发明实施例提供的单片机控制系统示意图。FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a single chip microcomputer control system provided in an embodiment of the present invention.
图3为本发明实施例提供的电源模块示意图。FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a power module provided in an embodiment of the present invention.
图4为本发明实施例提供的显示模块示意图。FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a display module provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
图5为本发明实施例提供的切空变电路示意图。FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a circuit of a shear transformer provided in an embodiment of the present invention.
图6为本发明实施例提供的PCB图二维效果图。FIG. 6 is a two-dimensional rendering of a PCB diagram provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
图7为本发明实施例提供的PCB图三维效果图。FIG. 7 is a three-dimensional effect diagram of a PCB diagram provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面结合附图与实施例对本发明作进一步说明。The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
应该指出，以下详细说明都是示例性的，旨在对本发明提供进一步的说明。除非另有指明，本文使用的所有技术和科学术语具有与本发明所属技术领域的普通技术人员通常理解的相同含义。It should be noted that the following detailed descriptions are exemplary and are intended to provide further explanation of the present invention. Unless otherwise specified, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meanings as those commonly understood by those skilled in the art to which the present invention belongs.
需要注意的是，这里所使用的术语仅是为了描述具体实施方式，而非意图限制根据本发明的示例性实施方式。如在这里所使用的，除非上下文另外明确指出，否则单数形式也意图包括复数形式，此外，还应当理解的是，当在本说明书中使用术语“包含”和/或“包括”时，其指明存在特征、步骤、操作、器件、组件和/或它们的组合。It should be noted that the terms used herein are only for describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit exemplary embodiments according to the present invention. As used herein, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, the singular form is also intended to include the plural form. In addition, it should be understood that when the terms "comprising" and/or "including" are used in this specification, it indicates the presence of features, steps, operations, devices, components and/or combinations thereof.
在不冲突的情况下，本发明中的实施例及实施例中的特征可以相互组合。In the absence of conflict, the embodiments of the present invention and the features of the embodiments may be combined with each other.
实施例1：Embodiment 1:
要想看到切空变，就需要在电流的最大值切断，所以需要做一个切点可调的装置，来研究在什么点切除变压器，此时的过电压是多少。如果直接用示波器来观察切除空载变压器时的波形，因为无法准确判断切断点具体位于电流正弦波形的哪个位置，所以每次得出的电压电流波形并没有可比性。切点可调装置的作用就在于能够直观地观察出切断点位置，保证每次都是在同样的位置被切除的。In order to see the transformer being cut off when it is empty, it is necessary to cut off the current at its maximum value, so a device with an adjustable cut-off point is needed to study at what point the transformer is cut off and what the overvoltage is at this time. If an oscilloscope is used directly to observe the waveform when the no-load transformer is cut off, it is impossible to accurately determine where the cut-off point is located on the current sine waveform, so the voltage and current waveforms obtained each time are not comparable. The role of the adjustable cut-off point device is to be able to intuitively observe the cut-off point position to ensure that it is cut off at the same position each time.
本实施中，需要根据实际变压器参数造成的过电压幅值设计开断点，且此开断点可调，即当改变单片机中的值，或者手动调节时间按键，就可以在更换不同的变压器时，保证能够观察到最大的过电压波形。In this implementation, the breakpoint needs to be designed according to the overvoltage amplitude caused by the actual transformer parameters, and this breakpoint is adjustable, that is, when the value in the microcontroller is changed, or the time button is manually adjusted, the maximum overvoltage waveform can be observed when replacing different transformers.
如图1所示，变压器用电感线圈来表示，其为可调同步时间发生器，同步信号来自市电，被测试的切空变也接在市电上，当同步信号过零点时，过一个固定延时，就发出切断变压器信号。从发出信号，到继电器真正把变压器切断，有一个延时时间，主要是继电器的动作延时，要想在电压最高点切断变压器，就要提前发出信号，到底提前多少，要可调，图中的电阻用于调节延迟时间。As shown in Figure 1, the transformer is represented by an inductor coil, which is an adjustable synchronous time generator. The synchronous signal comes from the mains, and the tested air-cut transformer is also connected to the mains. When the synchronous signal passes through the zero point, after a fixed delay, a signal to cut off the transformer is issued. There is a delay time from the issuance of the signal to the relay actually cutting off the transformer, which is mainly the action delay of the relay. If you want to cut off the transformer at the highest voltage point, you must send a signal in advance. How much in advance should be adjustable. The resistor in the figure is used to adjust the delay time.
单片机的同步信号来自于市电，市电对于高压是弱电，可是对于单片机又是强电，即市电还要经过一个降压装置，根据过电压原理所计算出来的电压，设置0或1信号传给单片机，选择元器件控制切断点。The synchronization signal of the microcontroller comes from the AC power. The AC power is weak current for high voltage, but strong current for the microcontroller. That is, the AC power must pass through a step-down device. According to the voltage calculated according to the overvoltage principle, a 0 or 1 signal is set and transmitted to the microcontroller to select the components to control the cut-off point.
在本装置中，采用的是AC12V信号，它并不是能够直接送到单片机电源接口的，而是需要一定的整流，再进行信号的传递，作为单片机的同步信号输出使用。设计出能够直观地调节时间的按键，以调整切空变动作的时间和同步信号的延时。其中继电器的动作触头分为常开和常闭两种类型，常闭的动作触头用于完成切除空载变压器的操作，常开的触头用来得到系统需要的同步信号。In this device, an AC12V signal is used, which cannot be directly sent to the power interface of the single-chip microcomputer, but requires a certain degree of rectification before signal transmission, and is used as the synchronous signal output of the single-chip microcomputer. A button that can intuitively adjust the time is designed to adjust the time of the empty transformer action and the delay of the synchronous signal. The action contacts of the relay are divided into two types: normally open and normally closed. The normally closed action contact is used to complete the operation of cutting off the unloaded transformer, and the normally open contact is used to obtain the synchronous signal required by the system.
此外，该装置中还需要拨码开关实现不同的负载、抑制措施方式等的选择，需要有滤波电容，限制电流值的电阻，以及抑制措施中需要的避雷器、稳压二极管等相关元器件，以观察不同的过电压波形，切空变装置等比例降低了实际电力系统的电压等级，经过计算，充分展示真正的切除变压器时的波形图。在本次设计中，除了切除空载变压器之外，也设计了切除满负荷电阻负载和70％左右电容时负载的情况，并采取加装电阻、稳压管、避雷器以及电容等抑制措施，能够充分展示不同情况下的过电压波形，以及不同搭配情况下过电压的情况。此外，加入延时调节环节，方便调整切空变时刻，以便观察最严重情况。In addition, the device also needs a dial switch to realize the selection of different loads, suppression measures, etc. It needs filter capacitors, resistors to limit the current value, and related components such as lightning arresters and voltage regulator diodes required in the suppression measures to observe different overvoltage waveforms. The empty transformer device proportionally reduces the voltage level of the actual power system. After calculation, the waveform diagram when the transformer is truly cut off is fully displayed. In this design, in addition to cutting off the unloaded transformer, the load when the full load resistance load and about 70% of the capacitor are cut off is also designed, and suppression measures such as adding resistors, voltage regulator tubes, lightning arresters and capacitors are adopted to fully display the overvoltage waveforms under different conditions, as well as the overvoltage conditions under different combinations. In addition, a delay adjustment link is added to facilitate the adjustment of the empty transformer cutting time so as to observe the most serious situation.
具体的，最小系统中，STC8A8K是一个比较新的芯片，它没有外置的时钟系统和晶振系统，C52芯片是传统的51内核的单片机，有外置的时钟系统和外置晶振，还有外置的复位系统并要设计复位按键，如图2所示。STC8A8K作为51内核的增强版已经把时钟系统和复位系统集成到内部电路中，不用再设计时钟部分电路，所以直接供电即可投入使用，在供电端口加装电容目的是起到滤波作用，过滤掉杂波，在电源与地之间经常加装电容，电容放得越多，波形也就越纯净。接线端子有四个排针，是程序下载端口，连接下载器就可以将程序下载到单片机中。Specifically, in the minimum system, STC8A8K is a relatively new chip, it does not have an external clock system and crystal oscillator system, C52 chip is a traditional 51 core microcontroller, with an external clock system and external crystal oscillator, as well as an external reset system and a reset button, as shown in Figure 2. As an enhanced version of the 51 core, STC8A8K has integrated the clock system and reset system into the internal circuit, and there is no need to design the clock circuit, so it can be put into use directly after power supply. The purpose of adding capacitors to the power supply port is to play a filtering role and filter out clutter. Capacitors are often installed between the power supply and the ground. The more capacitors are placed, the purer the waveform will be. The terminal has four pins, which is the program download port. Connecting a downloader can download the program to the microcontroller.
图中四个按键是根据设计要求设计的，按下“设置”按键，就会进入延时的调整界面，在调整界面按下“加”或者“减”按键，就可以根据需要来设置切空变的延时时间，以0.1mS为单位。“切空变”的按钮，即为切除变压器的动作指令按钮，按下此按键，经过一定延时时间，继电器动作，切除变压器，用示波器可以看到此时过电压的状态，是处于上升沿还是下降沿。在按键的设计电路中，每个按钮下都并联了一个规格为104的电容，是因为按键按下后，用示波器观察会看到不规则的连续电压变化，因为按键按下会有杂波出现，比如原来P3.4端口有一个高电平，终端接地有一个低电平，按键按下，端口电平被拉低，会有一种在振荡中降低的过程，就会产生杂波影响单片机判断，为了减小杂波的干扰，加装电容做一个延时，就会比较好的判断按键按下或者弹起状态。The four buttons in the figure are designed according to the design requirements. Press the "Set" button to enter the delay adjustment interface. Press the "Add" or "Subtract" button in the adjustment interface to set the delay time of the air-cut transformer according to the needs, in units of 0.1mS. The "Air-cut Transformer" button is the action instruction button for cutting off the transformer. Press this button, and after a certain delay time, the relay will act and cut off the transformer. The oscilloscope can be used to see the state of the overvoltage at this time, whether it is on the rising edge or the falling edge. In the design circuit of the button, a capacitor with a specification of 104 is connected in parallel under each button. This is because after the button is pressed, an oscilloscope will be used to observe irregular continuous voltage changes, because there will be noise when the button is pressed. For example, the original P3.4 port has a high level, and the terminal grounding has a low level. When the button is pressed, the port level is pulled down, and there will be a process of lowering in oscillation, which will generate noise and affect the judgment of the single-chip microcomputer. In order to reduce the interference of noise, a capacitor is added to make a delay, which will better judge the state of the button being pressed or popped up.
边发送串口数据，一边闪烁一个LED灯，这样就能清楚知道程序是否在运行了，因为指示灯最直观，可以在编程中多用，进一步，还可用闪几次指明在运行到了哪个程序段，所以在单片机最小系统中加了四个LED指示灯，以做检查程序运行状况和程序运行状态使用。By flashing an LED light while sending serial port data, you can clearly know whether the program is running. Because the indicator light is the most intuitive, it can be used more often in programming. Furthermore, you can use the number of flashes to indicate which program segment is running. Therefore, four LED indicator lights are added to the minimum system of the microcontroller to check the program running status and program running status.
图3为电源模块，主要由DC005的电源接口、六脚开关组成。电阻和LED显示器串联，电阻主要起限流作用，因为LED用电压源点亮后呈现电流非线性，，如果没有此电阻，很可能因为电流过大而被烧坏。Figure 3 shows the power module, which is mainly composed of the DC005 power interface and a six-pin switch. The resistor is connected in series with the LED display. The resistor mainly plays a current limiting role, because the LED will show nonlinear current after being lit by a voltage source. If there is no such resistor, it is likely to be burned out due to excessive current.
图4所述的数码显示模块采用了动态扫描显示模式，使用三极管做扫描控制，假如P10出现低电平，则三极管Q2导通，第一位数码管的阴极被接到GND端，相当于负极，这是P00如果受到高电平，就会点亮一段数码管。数码管下方四组电阻三极管组合实现位选功能，实现控制哪个数码管可以被点亮，P00-P07用高电平点亮控制七段显示器显示何种数字。STC单片机芯片本身经过改进后具有较强的驱动能力，能提供较大电流，能直接驱动数码管。数码管上方串电阻也是起到限流的作用。The digital display module described in FIG4 adopts a dynamic scanning display mode, using transistors for scanning control. If P10 is at a low level, transistor Q2 is turned on, and the cathode of the first digital tube is connected to the GND terminal, which is equivalent to the negative pole. If P00 is subjected to a high level, a segment of the digital tube will be lit. The four groups of resistors and transistors below the digital tube realize the bit selection function, which controls which digital tube can be lit. P00-P07 is lit with a high level to control which number is displayed on the seven-segment display. The STC single-chip microcomputer chip itself has a strong driving capability after being improved, can provide a large current, and can directly drive the digital tube. The series resistor above the digital tube also plays a role in current limiting.
如图5所示，四位拨码开关如果全部处于OFF状态，代表所有线路和设备不接入电路，即不采取抑制措施时，切除空载变压器的情况。如果从左到右依次打开一个拨码开关，分别代表：加装电解电容、加入稳压管(DZ1，2个对着头串联，因为是交流，稳压管会单相导通，只有一个方向是稳压的)、加入压敏电阻即避雷器以及加装电阻后，对内过电压抑制的效果。As shown in Figure 5, if all four DIP switches are in the OFF state, it means that all lines and equipment are not connected to the circuit, that is, when no suppression measures are taken, the unloaded transformer is cut off. If a DIP switch is turned on from left to right, it means: adding electrolytic capacitors, adding voltage regulator tubes (DZ1, 2 are connected in series with the ends facing each other, because it is AC, the voltage regulator tube will be single-phase conductive, and only one direction is stable), adding varistors, that is, lightning arresters, and adding resistors, the effect of internal overvoltage suppression.
变压器次级分别模拟切空变、切满变和切除70％左右容性负载的情况。其中，切满变中，电阻的功率要比计算的大一些，留点富余量，可以用串并联的办法，4个1W串了再并，阻值不变，但是功率增大4倍，因为本次设计采用的变压器额定电压是9V，它能承受的最大功率值是3W，且变压器铭牌上所显示的它是3VA的变压器。所以经过详细的分析计算，利用容量、耐压值等可以算出当它为27欧姆时是满载状态，而电容是三个22uF并联，提升了电容的耐压值，模拟了切除70％电容性负荷的情况。如果两位的拨码开关全部处于OFF状态，则代表切除空载变压器。The secondary of the transformer simulates the situations of cutting off the empty transformer, cutting off the full transformer and cutting off about 70% of the capacitive load. Among them, in the case of cutting off the full transformer, the power of the resistor should be larger than the calculation, leaving some surplus. The series-parallel method can be used. Four 1W are connected in series and then in parallel. The resistance value remains unchanged, but the power is increased by 4 times. Because the rated voltage of the transformer used in this design is 9V, the maximum power value it can withstand is 3W, and the transformer nameplate shows that it is a 3VA transformer. Therefore, after detailed analysis and calculation, using capacity, withstand voltage value, etc., it can be calculated that when it is 27 ohms, it is in full load state, and the capacitor is three 22uF in parallel, which increases the withstand voltage value of the capacitor and simulates the situation of cutting off 70% of the capacitive load. If the two-position dial switch is all in the OFF state, it means that the unloaded transformer is cut off.
测试点连接示波器，可观察电压的波形情况，拨码开关具有选通作用可以自主选择不同的抑制电路。继电器驱动电路中，默认断开状态，采用一个PNP的三极管来驱动继电器，更稳定，P14端口低电平导通，电磁继电器JC1通电，导致电路被导通。JP3接线端子可接一个12V的交流电，当P14接到0则闭合。继电器有电磁线圈绕组，是有电感的，在断开的瞬间，继电器中的线圈电流得不到释放，所以磁能贮存在线圈中，不能释放则会转化为电场能释放很高的电压，即产生过电压，很可能损坏继电器模块，所以接一个D1二极管，来释放和消除掉瞬态的高值电压，保护继电器不被损坏。The test point is connected to an oscilloscope to observe the waveform of the voltage. The dip switch has a gating function and can select different suppression circuits independently. In the relay drive circuit, the default disconnected state uses a PNP transistor to drive the relay, which is more stable. The P14 port is low-level turned on, and the electromagnetic relay JC1 is energized, causing the circuit to be turned on. The JP3 terminal can be connected to a 12V AC power supply, and it is closed when P14 is connected to 0. The relay has an electromagnetic coil winding, which is inductor. At the moment of disconnection, the coil current in the relay cannot be released, so the magnetic energy is stored in the coil. If it cannot be released, it will be converted into electric field energy to release a very high voltage, that is, overvoltage is generated, which is likely to damage the relay module, so a D1 diode is connected to release and eliminate the transient high voltage to protect the relay from damage.
本实施所述的具体电路的PCB电路效果图如图6和图7所示。The PCB circuit effect diagrams of the specific circuit described in this embodiment are shown in Figures 6 and 7.
本实施例首先针对电力系统内部过电压的具体研究分析，主要从各种内过电压的形成成因进行理论分析并提出预防措施，设计演示验证方案并对过电压波形进行验证和总结，并采用当代新兴科技显示设备等测量仪表，及时地对电压电流波形进行全方位多角度展示与分析计算等。This embodiment first conducts a specific study and analysis on the internal overvoltage of the power system, mainly conducts a theoretical analysis on the causes of various internal overvoltages and proposes preventive measures, designs a demonstration and verification scheme, verifies and summarizes the overvoltage waveform, and adopts contemporary emerging technology display equipment and other measuring instruments to timely display, analyze and calculate the voltage and current waveforms in all directions and from multiple angles.
本实施例在全面总结各种类型地内部过电压形成原因的基础上，对内部过电压进行了必要的理论分析和推算，在保留过电压成因要素的基础上，降低电压等级设计真实电气环境，分别对不同过电压成因设计了相应的防范措施，能够实现防范不足、合适、过度的演示，此外，运用数字示波器等现代测量方法，方便地对过电压过程进行记录和存贮。This embodiment, based on a comprehensive summary of the causes of various types of internal overvoltage, conducts necessary theoretical analysis and calculations on the internal overvoltage. On the basis of retaining the overvoltage cause factors, it reduces the voltage level to design a real electrical environment, and designs corresponding preventive measures for different overvoltage causes, which can achieve insufficient, appropriate, and excessive prevention demonstrations. In addition, modern measurement methods such as digital oscilloscopes are used to conveniently record and store the overvoltage process.
以上所述仅为本发明的优选实施例而已，并不用于限制本发明，对于本领域的技术人员来说，本发明可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. For those skilled in the art, the present invention may have various modifications and variations. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202111339641.6ACN114038282B (en) | 2021-11-12 | 2021-11-12 | A power system internal overvoltage simulation display system and working method |
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202111339641.6ACN114038282B (en) | 2021-11-12 | 2021-11-12 | A power system internal overvoltage simulation display system and working method |
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN114038282A CN114038282A (en) | 2022-02-11 |
| CN114038282Btrue CN114038282B (en) | 2024-04-12 |
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202111339641.6AActiveCN114038282B (en) | 2021-11-12 | 2021-11-12 | A power system internal overvoltage simulation display system and working method |
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN114038282B (en) |
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR995659A (en)* | 1949-07-28 | 1951-12-05 | Delle Atel Const Electr | Device for the protection of transformers then? against surges |
| CN102005781A (en)* | 2010-11-29 | 2011-04-06 | 河南省电力公司安阳供电公司 | 10kV no-load automatic switching device for agricultural displacement transformer |
| CN203839245U (en)* | 2014-05-30 | 2014-09-17 | 浙江中凯科技股份有限公司 | Control circuit of control and protective switching device |
| CN205484642U (en)* | 2016-03-24 | 2016-08-17 | 西安科技大学 | Mine high voltage electric network electric leakage analogue test system |
| CN108630074A (en)* | 2018-05-14 | 2018-10-09 | 国网江苏省电力有限公司连云港供电分公司 | Distributed wind-power generator O＆M simulation training system |
| CN109286173A (en)* | 2017-07-19 | 2019-01-29 | 哈尔滨帕特尔科技股份有限公司 | No-load transformer switching shoves and overvoltage eliminator |
| KR20190051273A (en)* | 2017-11-06 | 2019-05-15 | 새한테크놀로지(주) | Power supply having shut-down function in event of short circuit |
| CN110940869A (en)* | 2019-10-22 | 2020-03-31 | 中国电力科学研究院有限公司 | A dynamic mode test system for transformer phase selection switching control device |
| CN111092413A (en)* | 2019-11-28 | 2020-05-01 | 国电南瑞科技股份有限公司 | Relay protection method and device for rapidly removing fault of empty charge in dead zone of transformer |
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US8742814B2 (en)* | 2009-07-15 | 2014-06-03 | Yehuda Binder | Sequentially operated modules |
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR995659A (en)* | 1949-07-28 | 1951-12-05 | Delle Atel Const Electr | Device for the protection of transformers then? against surges |
| CN102005781A (en)* | 2010-11-29 | 2011-04-06 | 河南省电力公司安阳供电公司 | 10kV no-load automatic switching device for agricultural displacement transformer |
| CN203839245U (en)* | 2014-05-30 | 2014-09-17 | 浙江中凯科技股份有限公司 | Control circuit of control and protective switching device |
| CN205484642U (en)* | 2016-03-24 | 2016-08-17 | 西安科技大学 | Mine high voltage electric network electric leakage analogue test system |
| CN109286173A (en)* | 2017-07-19 | 2019-01-29 | 哈尔滨帕特尔科技股份有限公司 | No-load transformer switching shoves and overvoltage eliminator |
| KR20190051273A (en)* | 2017-11-06 | 2019-05-15 | 새한테크놀로지(주) | Power supply having shut-down function in event of short circuit |
| CN108630074A (en)* | 2018-05-14 | 2018-10-09 | 国网江苏省电力有限公司连云港供电分公司 | Distributed wind-power generator O＆M simulation training system |
| CN110940869A (en)* | 2019-10-22 | 2020-03-31 | 中国电力科学研究院有限公司 | A dynamic mode test system for transformer phase selection switching control device |
| CN111092413A (en)* | 2019-11-28 | 2020-05-01 | 国电南瑞科技股份有限公司 | Relay protection method and device for rapidly removing fault of empty charge in dead zone of transformer |
| Title |
|---|
| 一种抑制切除空载电炉变压器过电压方法的研究;苏小芳;熊信恒;袁明阳;;电气应用(第16期);98-102* |
| 电力系统综合模拟器研制――一次设备模拟;彭晓英, 秦阳, 郑劲;华中电力(第S1期);113-129* |
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN114038282A (en) | 2022-02-11 |
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN107657878B (en) | A kind of electrical fire is multiple and inhibits the demo platform of electrical ignition source | |
| CN108318772A (en) | Distribution line short circuit and earth fault analog simulation pilot system and test method | |
| CN102981079B (en) | Response waveform detection method for straightly hanging type reactive power generation device | |
| CN107247247A (en) | A kind of fault detector detection platform | |
| CN102087323A (en) | Arc suppression coil debugging device | |
| CN101882798B (en) | LVRT test control device | |
| CN102798775A (en) | Large-current impact generation system and test method thereof | |
| CN204575726U (en) | A kind of LED drive power detection system and equipment | |
| CN104269090A (en) | Simulation system and method for electricity consumption information acquisition terminal round control switch | |
| CN114355074A (en) | A test device and a test method for a converter valve system | |
| CN202159854U (en) | Intelligent power-saving socket | |
| CN114038282B (en) | A power system internal overvoltage simulation display system and working method | |
| CN109490805A (en) | A kind of portable fault detector detection device | |
| CN105823969B (en) | A kind of partial discharge of transformer defects simulation device | |
| CN102290686A (en) | An intelligent power-saving socket | |
| CN210535133U (en) | Electricity-consumption troubleshooting demonstration device | |
| CN205427063U (en) | Device is judged in simulation of collector field failure | |
| CN210466822U (en) | All-round comprehensive training system | |
| CN218350454U (en) | A charging and discharging test system | |
| CN102169144B (en) | Direct-current interference testing device and system | |
| CN206990787U (en) | A kind of detection means of earth-fault indicator | |
| CN207336616U (en) | A kind of distribution network capacitance current test high speed tester | |
| CN205720535U (en) | A kind of partial discharge of transformer defects simulation device | |
| CN203931986U (en) | With the circuit breaker of overvoltage/undervoltage protection and auto-reset function | |
| CN103941624A (en) | Operation simulation and training platform for VBE system of high-voltage direct current transmission converter valve |
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |