CN114024556B - A RF Fingerprint Reconstruction Front-end Transmitting Chain Based on Cascade Phase-Locked Loop - Google Patents
A RF Fingerprint Reconstruction Front-end Transmitting Chain Based on Cascade Phase-Locked LoopDownload PDFInfo
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Abstract
Translated fromChinese
Description
Translated fromChinese技术领域technical field
本发明属于射频通信技术领域，具体涉及一种基于级联锁相环的射频指纹重构前端发射链路。The invention belongs to the technical field of radio frequency communication, and in particular relates to a front-end transmission chain of radio frequency fingerprint reconstruction based on cascaded phase-locked loops.
背景技术Background technique
“射频指纹”是一个类比于生物指纹的概念，其定义为一种基于发射机发射信号瞬态部分对发射机进行唯一识别的技术。产生射频指纹的原因是每个设备再生产制造过程中，会按照规定的标准生产各个配件，但是在生产过程中，不可避免地会产生元器件容差，导致与规定标准有着一定的误差，而这个误差又是在一定范围内随机产生的。当信号经过设备时，这些元器件的误差会反应在射频信号上，对其产生一些固定且特定的影响，因此，每个设备将具备自身固有的、唯一的射频指纹。"RF fingerprinting" is a concept analogous to biometric fingerprinting, which is defined as a technology that uniquely identifies a transmitter based on the transient portion of the transmitter's transmitted signal. The reason for the generation of RF fingerprints is that in the remanufacturing process of each device, various accessories will be produced according to the specified standards, but in the production process, component tolerances will inevitably occur, resulting in certain errors with the specified standards, and this Errors are generated randomly within a certain range. When the signal passes through the device, the errors of these components will reflect on the RF signal and have some fixed and specific effects on it. Therefore, each device will have its own inherent and unique RF fingerprint.
当前，通信设备的射频指纹一般具有唯一性和持久性。唯一性即没有任何两个设备之间的射频指纹是一致的。由于生产制造过程中出现的误差是在误差允许范围内随机出现的，所以具有唯一性和射频指纹会像人类的指纹一样是独一无二的。持久性即用于鉴别设备身份的射频指纹，通常是在很长一段时间内保持不变的，这就使得对该设备的准确的射频指纹识别成为可能。而如果射频发射前端射频指纹不可变，一旦电路通信被其他人所拦截，发射源就会因其唯一且持久不变的射频指纹而被就会被锁定；当锁定我方发射源后，发射源发射的信息就会有根可查，这将对局势造成难以估计的影响。Currently, RF fingerprints of communication devices are generally unique and persistent. Uniqueness means that no RF fingerprints are identical between any two devices. Since the errors in the manufacturing process occur randomly within the allowable range of errors, the unique and RF fingerprints will be as unique as human fingerprints. Persistence, the RF fingerprint used to identify the device, usually remains unchanged for a long period of time, which makes accurate RF fingerprint identification of the device possible. And if the RF fingerprint of the RF transmitter front-end is immutable, once the circuit communication is intercepted by others, the transmitter will be locked due to its unique and persistent RF fingerprint; when our transmitter source is locked, the transmitter source will be locked. The information transmitted will be rooted, which will have an inestimable impact on the situation.
当前射频前端重构的主要目的是重构链路的性能，如通信频率、信号发射功率、链路增益等，且重构方式主要是利用单刀多掷射频开关选通不同的射频器件实现链路性能的重构，器件数量的增加也造成了此种射频前端重构设备的体积一般较大。实际上，在通信频率固定时，现有的可重构发射前端的硬件参数也是固定的，即该硬件的射频指纹是固定不变的。这类可重构的发射前端，无法满足在固定频段、固定信号发射功率及固定增益情况下的射频指纹可变。并且，在实际应用中，射频指纹重构种类越丰富，越不容易被特定识别，能更有效维护我方安全。如果我方通信设备拥有射频指纹重构功能，且重构种类丰富，则当我方设备的某一射频指纹被识别，定位到具体通信设备之后，可选择另一射频指纹，此时对对方而言，则相当于一台新的通信设备，进而可提升我方设备的安全性与保密性。The main purpose of the current RF front-end reconstruction is to reconstruct the performance of the link, such as communication frequency, signal transmission power, link gain, etc., and the reconstruction method is mainly to use the single-pole multi-throw RF switch to select different RF devices to realize the link. The reconstruction of performance and the increase in the number of components also cause the volume of such RF front-end reconstruction equipment to be generally larger. In fact, when the communication frequency is fixed, the hardware parameters of the existing reconfigurable transmitting front end are also fixed, that is, the radio frequency fingerprint of the hardware is fixed. This kind of reconfigurable transmit front end cannot satisfy the variable RF fingerprint under the condition of fixed frequency band, fixed signal transmit power and fixed gain. Moreover, in practical applications, the richer the types of RF fingerprint reconstruction, the less likely it is to be specifically identified, and the more effective we can maintain our security. If our communication equipment has the function of RF fingerprint reconstruction, and the reconstruction types are rich, when a certain RF fingerprint of our equipment is identified and located to a specific communication device, another RF fingerprint can be selected. It is equivalent to a new communication device, which can improve the security and confidentiality of our equipment.
因此，如何实现射频前端链路射频指纹的重构，并同时具有小型化、结构简单与更多的射频指纹重构种类的优势，就成为了待研究的重点。Therefore, how to realize the reconstruction of the RF fingerprint of the RF front-end link, and at the same time have the advantages of miniaturization, simple structure and more types of RF fingerprint reconstruction, has become the focus of research.
发明内容SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
针对背景技术所存在的问题，本发明的目的在于提供一种基于级联锁相环的射频指纹重构前端发射链路。该发射链路中采用若干个串联的锁相环，通过对多个锁相环倍频系数的调节来实现硬件层面的射频指纹重构，同时通过调整第一级可变增益放大器的增益来抵消电路中由于锁相环倍频系数带来的增益波动，该方法操作简单易实现。In view of the problems existing in the background art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a front-end transmission chain of radio frequency fingerprint reconstruction based on cascaded phase-locked loops. Several series-connected phase-locked loops are used in the transmit chain, and the RF fingerprint reconstruction at the hardware level is realized by adjusting the frequency multiplication coefficients of the multiple phase-locked loops, and at the same time, the gain of the first-stage variable gain amplifier is adjusted to offset the Due to the gain fluctuation caused by the frequency multiplication factor of the phase-locked loop in the circuit, the method is simple and easy to implement.
为实现上述目的，本发明的技术方案如下：For achieving the above object, technical scheme of the present invention is as follows:
一种基于级联锁相环的射频指纹重构前端发射链路，包括可变增益放大器、混频器、功率放大器、发射天线和本振信号链路，所述本振信号链路由时钟源和若干个锁相环串联组成；A front-end transmission chain for radio frequency fingerprint reconstruction based on cascaded phase-locked loops, comprising a variable gain amplifier, a mixer, a power amplifier, a transmission antenna and a local oscillator signal chain, the local oscillator signal chain is composed of a clock source It is composed of several phase-locked loops in series;
所述可变增益放大器用于将基带信号进行放大，其输入端与基带相连，输出端与混频器相连；所述混频器用于将基带信号混频至高频信号，其射频输入端与可变增益放大器的输出端相连，输出端与功率放大器的输入端相连；所述本振信号链路用于为混频器提供本振信号，其锁相环的输出端与混频器的本振信号输入端相连；所述功率放大器用于将混频器输入的高频信号进一步放大，其输入端与混频器的输出端相连；所述天线用于将高频信号发射出去，其与功率放大器的输出端相连；The variable gain amplifier is used to amplify the baseband signal. The output end of the variable gain amplifier is connected to the input end of the power amplifier; the local oscillator signal link is used to provide the local oscillator signal for the mixer, and the output end of the phase-locked loop is connected to the local oscillator of the mixer. The power amplifier is used to further amplify the high frequency signal input by the mixer, and its input end is connected to the output end of the mixer; the antenna is used to transmit the high frequency signal, which is connected to the output end of the mixer The output end of the power amplifier is connected;
本振信号链路中的时钟源的输出端与锁相环的输入端相连，用于为锁相环提供参考时钟。The output end of the clock source in the local oscillator signal chain is connected with the input end of the phase-locked loop to provide a reference clock for the phase-locked loop.
进一步地，锁相环的数量最少需要两个，用来保证最终的本振频率不变化的同时实现射频指纹重构；增加锁相环的数量可实现更多的倍频系数组合，进而实现更多的射频指纹重构类型。Further, the number of phase-locked loops needs to be at least two, to ensure that the final local oscillator frequency does not change while realizing the reconstruction of the RF fingerprint; increasing the number of Multiple RF fingerprint reconstruction types.
进一步地，每个锁相环自身均有多个倍频系数，不同倍频系数分别由数字信号控制。Further, each phase-locked loop itself has a plurality of frequency multiplication coefficients, and different frequency multiplication coefficients are controlled by digital signals respectively.
进一步地，锁相环均为小数分频锁相环，即每个锁相环的倍频系数可以为小数，用于实现更多的重构方案。Further, the phase-locked loops are all fractional-frequency division phase-locked loops, that is, the frequency multiplication coefficient of each phase-locked loop can be a fraction, which is used to implement more reconstruction schemes.
进一步地，所述第一级可变增益放大器的增益用来抵消前端发射链路中由于锁相环倍频系数变化带来的增益波动。Further, the gain of the first-stage variable gain amplifier is used to offset the gain fluctuation caused by the change of the frequency multiplication factor of the phase-locked loop in the front-end transmission chain.
一种基于级联锁相环的射频指纹重构前端发射链路的重构方法，通过对若干个锁相环倍频系数的调节来实现硬件层面的射频指纹重构，时钟源的时钟频率经过锁相环后可产生某一频率的本振信号，调整不同锁相环之间的倍频系数，保证接入到混频器的本振信号频率不变，这样混频器的输出频率就不变，从而保证通信频率不变，同时通过调整第一级可变增益放大器的增益来抵消电路中由于锁相环倍频系数带来的增益波动；A method for reconstructing the front-end transmit chain of radio frequency fingerprint reconstruction based on cascaded phase-locked loops. After the phase-locked loop, a local oscillator signal of a certain frequency can be generated, and the frequency multiplication coefficient between different phase-locked loops can be adjusted to ensure that the frequency of the local oscillator signal connected to the mixer remains unchanged, so that the output frequency of the mixer is not changed. to ensure that the communication frequency remains unchanged, and at the same time, by adjusting the gain of the first-stage variable gain amplifier to offset the gain fluctuation caused by the phase-locked loop frequency multiplication coefficient in the circuit;
而频谱不同的本振信号与输入到混频器的基带信号进行混频，会使混频后的高频信号的相位噪声发生变化，实现射频指纹的重构。However, the mixing of local oscillator signals with different spectrums and the baseband signal input to the mixer will change the phase noise of the mixed high-frequency signal, thereby realizing the reconstruction of the RF fingerprint.
本发明的机理为：锁相环用于将时钟源频率倍频，不同锁相环的倍频系数由数字信号分别控制，且每个锁相环自身均有多个倍频系数。时钟源的时钟频率经过锁相环后可产生某一频率的本振信号，此时，若分别调整不同锁相环的倍频系数，可依旧得到同一频率的本振信号，区别在于时钟源与不同倍频系数下的不同锁相环产生的本振信号之间的频谱不同，频谱不同的本振信号与输入到混频器的基带信号进行混频，会使混频后的高频信号的相位噪声发生变化，此即通过分别调整不同锁相环的倍频系数，可实现混频后高频信号相位噪声的变化，同时还能保证高频信号频率不变。而当相位噪声改变时，设备的射频指纹也会相应发生变化。因而，通过调整若干个锁相环的倍频系数即可实现设备射频指纹的重构。The mechanism of the invention is as follows: the phase-locked loop is used for frequency multiplication of the clock source frequency, the frequency multiplication coefficients of different phase-locked loops are controlled by digital signals respectively, and each phase-locked loop itself has a plurality of frequency multiplication coefficients. After the clock frequency of the clock source passes through the phase-locked loop, a local oscillator signal of a certain frequency can be generated. At this time, if the frequency multiplication coefficients of different phase-locked loops are adjusted respectively, the local oscillator signal of the same frequency can still be obtained. The frequency spectrum of the local oscillator signals generated by different phase-locked loops under different frequency multiplication coefficients is different, and the mixing of the local oscillator signals with different frequency spectrums and the baseband signal input to the mixer will make the mixed high-frequency signal. The phase noise changes, that is, by adjusting the frequency multiplication coefficients of different phase-locked loops respectively, the phase noise of the high-frequency signal after mixing can be changed, and the frequency of the high-frequency signal can be kept unchanged at the same time. And when the phase noise changes, the RF fingerprint of the device changes accordingly. Therefore, the reconstruction of the device RF fingerprint can be realized by adjusting the frequency multiplication coefficients of several phase-locked loops.
综上所述，由于采用了上述技术方案，本发明的有益效果是：To sum up, due to the adoption of the above-mentioned technical solutions, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:
1.本发明通过前端发射链路引入多个串联锁相环，通过分别调整不同锁相环的倍频系数，实现射频发射前端指纹重构；同时通过可变增益放大器的增益来抵消电路中由于锁相环倍频系数带来的增益波动，实现增益平稳；整个指纹重构过程简单，易于实现，且可实现可重构射频前端设备的小型化。1. The present invention introduces a plurality of series phase-locked loops through the front-end transmission chain, and realizes the fingerprint reconstruction of the radio frequency transmission front-end by adjusting the frequency multiplication coefficients of different phase-locked loops respectively; The gain fluctuation caused by the frequency multiplication factor of the phase-locked loop realizes the gain stability; the whole fingerprint reconstruction process is simple and easy to implement, and the miniaturization of the reconfigurable radio frequency front-end equipment can be realized.
2.本发明前端发射链路采用锁相环为小数分频锁相环，倍频系数可以设置为小数，可在相同构建下实现更多的重构组合与方案。2. The front-end transmission chain of the present invention adopts a phase-locked loop as a fractional frequency division phase-locked loop, and the frequency multiplication coefficient can be set to a decimal number, and more reconstruction combinations and schemes can be realized under the same construction.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本发明实施例1基于级联锁相环的射频指纹可重构的发射前端电路结构示意图。FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a transmitting front-end circuit with a reconfigurable radio frequency fingerprint based on a cascaded phase-locked loop according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
为使本发明的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面结合实施方式和附图，对本发明作进一步地详细描述。In order to make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the embodiments and accompanying drawings.
一种基于级联锁相环的射频指纹重构前端发射链路，包括可变增益放大器、混频器、功率放大器、发射天线和本振信号链路，所述本振信号链路由时钟源和若干个锁相环串联组成；A front-end transmission chain for radio frequency fingerprint reconstruction based on cascaded phase-locked loops, comprising a variable gain amplifier, a mixer, a power amplifier, a transmission antenna and a local oscillator signal chain, the local oscillator signal chain is composed of a clock source It is composed of several phase-locked loops in series;
所述可变增益放大器用于将基带信号进行放大，其输入端与基带相连，输出端与混频器相连；所述混频器用于将基带信号混频至高频信号，其射频输入端与可变增益放大器的输出端相连，输出端与功率放大器的输入端相连；所述本振信号链路用于为混频器提供本振信号，其锁相环的输出端与混频器的本振信号输入端相连；所述功率放大器用于将混频器输入的高频信号进一步放大，其输入端与混频器的输出端相连；所述天线用于将高频信号发射出去，其与功率放大器的输出端相连；The variable gain amplifier is used to amplify the baseband signal. The output end of the variable gain amplifier is connected to the input end of the power amplifier; the local oscillator signal link is used to provide the local oscillator signal for the mixer, and the output end of the phase-locked loop is connected to the local oscillator of the mixer. The power amplifier is used to further amplify the high frequency signal input by the mixer, and its input end is connected to the output end of the mixer; the antenna is used to transmit the high frequency signal, which is connected to the output end of the mixer The output end of the power amplifier is connected;
本振信号链路中的时钟源的输出端与锁相环的输入端相连，用于为锁相环提供参考时钟。The output end of the clock source in the local oscillator signal chain is connected with the input end of the phase-locked loop to provide a reference clock for the phase-locked loop.
实施例1Example 1
串联锁相环的个数为两个时，前端发射链路的结构示意图如图1所示。When the number of series-connected phase-locked loops is two, the schematic diagram of the structure of the front-end transmission chain is shown in Figure 1.
一种基于级联锁相环的射频指纹重构前端发射链路，所述可重构发射前端的第一级为可变增益放大器，其输入端与基带相连，输出端与混频器相连，用于基带信号放大；A radio frequency fingerprint reconstruction front-end transmission chain based on cascaded phase-locked loops, the first stage of the reconfigurable transmission front-end is a variable gain amplifier, the input end is connected to the baseband, and the output end is connected to the mixer, For baseband signal amplification;
位于可重构发射前端第二级为混频器，其射频输入端与可变增益放大器的输出端相连，输出端与第六级功率放大器的输入端相连，所述混频器用于将基带信号混频至高频信号；The second stage in the reconfigurable transmitting front end is a mixer, the radio frequency input end of which is connected to the output end of the variable gain amplifier, and the output end is connected to the input end of the sixth-stage power amplifier, and the mixer is used to convert the baseband signal mixing to high frequency signals;
位于可重构发射前端第三级为锁相环2，其输入端与第四级锁相环1的输出端相连，输出端与第二级混频器的本振信号输入端相连，用于为混频器提供本振信号；The third stage at the reconfigurable transmitting front end is the phase-locked loop 2, the input end of which is connected to the output end of the fourth-stage phase-locked loop 1, and the output end is connected to the local oscillator signal input end of the second-stage mixer, used for Provide the local oscillator signal for the mixer;
位于可重构发射前端第四级为锁相环1，其输入端与第五级时钟源相连，输出端与第三级锁相环2的输入端相连；The fourth stage located in the reconfigurable transmitting front end is a phase-locked loop 1, the input end of which is connected to the fifth-stage clock source, and the output end is connected to the input end of the third-stage phase-locked loop 2;
位于可重构发射前端第五级为时钟源，其输出端与第四级锁相环1的输入端相连，用于为锁相环1提供参考时钟；The fifth stage located in the reconfigurable transmitting front end is a clock source, and its output end is connected with the input end of the fourth stage phase-locked loop 1 to provide a reference clock for the phase-locked loop 1;
位于可重构发射前端第六级为功率放大器，其输入端与位于第二级的混频器的输出端相连，用于将高频信号进一步放大，其输出端与位于第七级的天线相连；The sixth stage at the reconfigurable transmitting front end is a power amplifier, whose input end is connected to the output end of the mixer at the second stage for further amplifying the high-frequency signal, and its output end is connected to the antenna at the seventh stage ;
位于可重构发射前端第七级为天线，其与位于第六级的功率放大器的输出端相连，用于将高频信号发射出去。The seventh stage at the reconfigurable transmitting front end is an antenna, which is connected to the output end of the power amplifier at the sixth stage, and is used to transmit high-frequency signals.
采用本发明基于级联锁相环的射频指纹可重构的发射前端电路进行射频指纹重构的具体过程为：The specific process of using the radio frequency fingerprint reconfigurable transmitting front-end circuit based on the cascaded phase-locked loop of the present invention to perform radio frequency fingerprint reconstruction is as follows:
步骤1.记时钟源参考时钟频率为fs，利用控制信号设置锁相环1的倍频系数为A，设置锁相环2的倍频系数为B，此时可得到某一本振频率，记为fLO，则有：Step 1. Record the reference clock frequency of the clock source as fs , use the control signal to set the frequency multiplication coefficient of PLL 1 to A, and set the frequency multiplication coefficient of PLL 2 to B, at this time, a certain local oscillator frequency can be obtained, Denoted as fLO , there are:
fLO＝fs*A*BfLO = fs *A*B
步骤2.保持时钟源参考时钟频率为fs不变，利用控制信号设置锁相环1的倍频系数为A-a(或A+a)，设置锁相环2的倍频系数为B+b(或B-b)，得到与步骤1中频率相同的本振信号，即此时的本振频率依旧为fLO，即有：Step 2. Keep the reference clock frequency of the clock source as fs unchanged, use the control signal to set the frequency multiplication factor of phase-locked loop 1 to Aa (or A+a), and set the frequency multiplication factor of phase-locked loop 2 to B+b ( or Bb), the LO signal with the same frequency as in step 1 is obtained, that is, the LO frequency at this time is still fLO , that is:
fs*(A-a)*(B+b)＝fLO＝fs*A*Bfs *(Aa)*(B+b)=fLO =fs *A*B
或or
fs*(A+a)*(B-b)＝fLO＝fs*A*Bfs *(A+a)*(Bb)=fLO =fs *A*B
利用控制信号分别改变锁相环1和锁相环2的倍频系数，使时钟源的参考时钟经两个级联锁相环之后得到的本振频率与原来的本振频率的数值相同，保证接入到混频器的本振信号频率不变，这样混频器的输出频率就不变，从而保证通信频率不变；其中A、B、a、b可以是整数或者小数，可实现更多的重构组合与方案；Use the control signal to change the frequency multiplication factor of the phase-locked loop 1 and the phase-locked loop 2 respectively, so that the local oscillator frequency obtained by the reference clock of the clock source after passing through the two-stage phase-locked loops is the same as the original local oscillator frequency, ensuring that The frequency of the local oscillator signal connected to the mixer remains unchanged, so that the output frequency of the mixer remains unchanged, thereby ensuring that the communication frequency remains unchanged; where A, B, a, and b can be integers or decimals, which can achieve more Reconstruction combination and scheme;
步骤3.由于锁相环倍频系数的设置，会带来一定程度的增益波动，通过可变增益放大器的增益来抵消电路中由于锁相环倍频系数带来的增益波动，实现增益平稳，即通过改变可变增益放大器的控制电压，使得可变增益放大器的增益发生变化，从而补偿发射链路的增益波动，使发射链路的增益与原来一致。Step 3. Due to the setting of the phase-locked loop frequency multiplication coefficient, it will bring a certain degree of gain fluctuation. The gain of the variable gain amplifier is used to offset the gain fluctuation caused by the phase-locked loop frequency multiplication coefficient in the circuit to achieve stable gain. That is, by changing the control voltage of the variable gain amplifier, the gain of the variable gain amplifier changes, thereby compensating for the gain fluctuation of the transmission chain, so that the gain of the transmission chain is consistent with the original.
以上所述，仅为本发明的具体实施方式，本说明书中所公开的任一特征，除非特别叙述，均可被其他等效或具有类似目的的替代特征加以替换；所公开的所有特征、或所有方法或过程中的步骤，除了互相排斥的特征和/或步骤以外，均可以任何方式组合。The above descriptions are only specific embodiments of the present invention, and any feature disclosed in this specification, unless otherwise stated, can be replaced by other equivalent or alternative features with similar purposes; all the disclosed features, or All steps in a method or process, except mutually exclusive features and/or steps, may be combined in any way.
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