技术领域Technical Field
本公开属于储能系统调度建模领域，具体涉及一种多类型储能通用建模方法、装置、电子设备和存储介质。The present invention relates to the field of energy storage system scheduling modeling, and in particular to a general modeling method, device, electronic device and storage medium for multiple types of energy storage.
背景技术Background Art
为了响应“30·60”双碳目标的号召，我国的可再生能源在未来较长一段时间内将保持高速增长态势，我国也将在未来30年内逐渐步入高比例可再生能源时代。然而随着可再生能源渗透率的逐渐提升，其突出的间歇性、波动性等随机不确定性特征也为电力系统的安全、可靠运行提出了更高的要求。储能技术具备灵活的功率调节能力，能够实现电能生产与消费在时间尺度上的解耦，为应对可再生能源高比例渗透所引起的一系列问题提供了有效的解决方案。In response to the call of the "30·60" dual carbon target, my country's renewable energy will maintain a high growth trend for a long time in the future, and my country will gradually enter the era of high proportion of renewable energy in the next 30 years. However, with the gradual increase in the penetration rate of renewable energy, its prominent intermittent, volatile and other random uncertainty characteristics also put forward higher requirements for the safe and reliable operation of the power system. Energy storage technology has flexible power regulation capabilities, which can achieve the decoupling of electricity production and consumption on a time scale, and provides an effective solution to a series of problems caused by the high penetration of renewable energy.
储能技术类型多样，典型的储能技术主要包括以抽水蓄能、压缩空气储能等为代表的能量型储能以及以飞轮储能、超级电容器等为代表的功率型储能，而电池储能又有更多的种类细分，同时在长时间尺度能量存储和短时间尺度功率支撑方面具备较为优良的特性。此外，随着能源互联网技术的不断进步，基于多能流协调耦合的跨能流等效储电技术也获得了长足发展，为电力系统的储能设施提供了更多的选择。There are various types of energy storage technologies. Typical energy storage technologies mainly include energy storage represented by pumped storage and compressed air storage, as well as power storage represented by flywheel storage and supercapacitors. Battery storage has more subdivisions and has excellent characteristics in long-time scale energy storage and short-time scale power support. In addition, with the continuous advancement of energy Internet technology, cross-energy flow equivalent power storage technology based on coordinated coupling of multiple energy flows has also made great progress, providing more options for energy storage facilities in power systems.
在现阶段关于储能技术调控运行的研究中，一般将不同类型的储能资源作为各异的调控资源进行分别建模并加以调控。在此情况下，随着电力系统所包含储能资源的种类越来越丰富，储能系统的调控模型将演化地愈发复杂，不便于储能运营商或系统运营商对不同调控资源的统一协调调控。特别地，热力系统及燃气系统等跨能流等效电储能系统涉及复杂的能流转换过程，若采用分别精细化建模方法对其进行建模，则可能导致模型中出现具备高维非线性的复杂约束，为调度策略的求解带来困难。In current research on the regulation and operation of energy storage technology, different types of energy storage resources are generally modeled and regulated separately as different regulation resources. In this case, as the types of energy storage resources included in the power system become more and more diverse, the regulation model of the energy storage system will evolve to become more and more complex, making it inconvenient for energy storage operators or system operators to coordinate and regulate different regulation resources in a unified manner. In particular, cross-energy flow equivalent electric energy storage systems such as thermal systems and gas systems involve complex energy flow conversion processes. If they are modeled using separate refined modeling methods, complex constraints with high-dimensional nonlinearity may appear in the model, making it difficult to solve the scheduling strategy.
实际上，不同类型的储能系统在调控特性方面既存在差异也具备一定程度的统一性，具备将不同储能建模为统一形式、为储能运营商提供标准化储能调控工具的可能性。基于统一化、标准化的储能调控模型，可有效降低储能运营商对储能精细化调控的管理与计算负担，利于储能运营商以更简洁、高效的方式实现各类型储能的协调互动，针对性地满足电力多类型辅助服务需求。然而，目前尚未见到对多类型储能系统进行统一建模的相关研究报道。In fact, different types of energy storage systems have both differences and a certain degree of uniformity in terms of regulation characteristics, which makes it possible to model different energy storage systems in a unified form and provide standardized energy storage regulation tools for energy storage operators. Based on a unified and standardized energy storage regulation model, the management and calculation burden of energy storage operators for refined regulation of energy storage can be effectively reduced, which is conducive to energy storage operators to achieve coordinated interaction of various types of energy storage in a more concise and efficient way, and to meet the needs of various types of auxiliary services for electricity in a targeted manner. However, there are no relevant research reports on unified modeling of multi-type energy storage systems.
发明内容Summary of the invention
本公开的目的是为克服现有储能建模方法对不同类型储能进行分别精细化建模，导致储能运营商或系统运营商调度模型较为复杂、难于求解的问题，提出一种多类型储能通用建模方法、装置、电子设备和存储介质。本公开能够为储能运营商提供统一化、标准化的储能调度模型，且所提供的调度模型能够同时反映不同储能系统的普遍特征与差异化技术经济特性，有利于储能运营商面向不同类型辅助服务应用需求，实现储能系统的精细、高效、协调调度。The purpose of the present disclosure is to overcome the problem that the existing energy storage modeling methods separately and finely model different types of energy storage, resulting in a relatively complex and difficult to solve scheduling model for energy storage operators or system operators, and propose a general modeling method, device, electronic device and storage medium for multiple types of energy storage. The present disclosure can provide energy storage operators with a unified and standardized energy storage scheduling model, and the scheduling model provided can simultaneously reflect the common characteristics and differentiated technical and economic characteristics of different energy storage systems, which is beneficial for energy storage operators to meet the needs of different types of auxiliary service applications and realize the fine, efficient and coordinated scheduling of energy storage systems.
本公开第一方面实施例提出一种多类型储能通用建模方法，包括：The first embodiment of the present disclosure provides a general modeling method for multiple types of energy storage, including:
建立描述多类型储能系统通用技术经济特性的调度模型；Establish a dispatch model that describes the general technical and economic characteristics of multiple types of energy storage systems;
建立描述多类型储能系统差异化技术经济特性的调度模型，利用所述描述多类型储能系统差异化技术经济特性的调度模型对所述描述多类型储能系统通用技术经济特性的调度模型进行参数计算与修正，得到修正后的描述多类型储能系统通用技术经济特性的调度模型；Establishing a dispatch model that describes the differentiated technical and economic characteristics of multiple types of energy storage systems, and using the dispatch model that describes the differentiated technical and economic characteristics of multiple types of energy storage systems to calculate and correct the parameters of the dispatch model that describes the general technical and economic characteristics of multiple types of energy storage systems, to obtain a corrected dispatch model that describes the general technical and economic characteristics of multiple types of energy storage systems;
对所述修正后的描述多类型储能系统通用技术经济特性的调度模型进行线性化，得到多类型储能通用模型。The modified dispatch model describing the general technical and economic characteristics of multi-type energy storage systems is linearized to obtain a general model of multi-type energy storage.
在本公开的一个实施例中，所述描述多类型储能系统通用技术经济特性的调度模型包括运行成本约束和储能系统的运行外特性约束；In one embodiment of the present disclosure, the dispatch model describing the general technical and economic characteristics of multiple types of energy storage systems includes operating cost constraints and external operating characteristic constraints of the energy storage system;
其中，所述储能系统的运行外特性约束包括：充放电功率限值约束、容量变化率约束、剩余储电容量限值约束以及充放电状态约束。The external operating characteristic constraints of the energy storage system include: charge and discharge power limit constraints, capacity change rate constraints, remaining storage capacity limit constraints and charge and discharge state constraints.
在本公开的一个实施例中，所述运行成本约束表达式如下：In one embodiment of the present disclosure, the running cost constraint expression is as follows:
CEES,k＝cfuel,kPd,k,t+Cde,kCEES,k =cfuel,k Pd,k,t +Cde,k
式中，CEES,k是储能系统k的运行成本；cfuel,k为储能系统k的燃料耗量成本系数，Pd,k,t为储能系统k在t时刻的放电功率，Cde,k是储能系统k的寿命折损成本Where CEES,k is the operating cost of energy storage system k; cfuel,k is the fuel consumption cost coefficient of energy storage system k; Pd,k,t is the discharge power of energy storage system k at time t; Cde,k is the life depreciation cost of energy storage system k
在本公开的一个实施例中，所述充放电功率限值约束表达式如下：In one embodiment of the present disclosure, the charge and discharge power limit constraint expression is as follows:
其中，Pc,k,t和Pd,k,t分别为储能系统k在t时刻的充电及放电功率；uEES,c,k,t和uEES,d,k,t分别为储能系统k在t时刻的充电状态0-1变量及放电状态0-1变量；和Pc,k分别为储能系统k的充电功率上限及下限；和Pd,k分别为储能系统k的放电功率上限及下限；Wherein, Pc,k,t and Pd,k,t are the charging and discharging powers of energy storage system k at time t, respectively; uEES,c,k,t and uEES,d,k,t are the charging state 0-1 variable and discharging state 0-1 variable of energy storage system k at time t, respectively; andPc,k are the upper and lower limits of the charging power of energy storage system k, respectively; andPd,k are the upper and lower limits of the discharge power of energy storage system k, respectively;
所述容量变化率约束表达式如下：The capacity change rate constraint expression is as follows:
其中，QEES,k,t为储能系统k在t时刻的一次剩余储电容量，Q′EES,k,t为储能系统k在t时刻的二次剩余储电容量；κc,k为储能系统k的一次充电效率，κ′c,k为储能系统k的二次充电效率；κd,k为储能系统k的一次放电效率，κ′d,k为储能系统k的二次放电效率；Δt为t时刻与t-1时刻的时间间隔；Wherein, QEES,k,t is the primary remaining storage capacity of energy storage system k at time t, Q′EES,k,t is the secondary remaining storage capacity of energy storage system k at time t; κc,k is the primary charging efficiency of energy storage system k, κ′c,k is the secondary charging efficiency of energy storage system k; κd,k is the primary discharge efficiency of energy storage system k, κ′d,k is the secondary discharge efficiency of energy storage system k; Δt is the time interval between time t and time t-1;
所述剩余储电容量限值约束表达式如下：The remaining storage capacity limit constraint expression is as follows:
其中，和QEES,k分别为储能系统k的一次储能容量上限及下限；和Q′EES,k分别为储能系统k的二次储能容量上限及下限；in, andQEES,k are the upper and lower limits of the primary energy storage capacity of energy storage system k, respectively; andQ ′EES,k are the upper and lower limits of the secondary energy storage capacity of energy storage system k, respectively;
所述充放电状态约束表达式如下：The charge and discharge state constraint expression is as follows:
uEES,c,k,t+uEES,d,k,t≤1。uEES,c,k,t +uEES,d,k,t ≤1.
在本公开的一个实施例中，所述描述多类型储能系统差异化技术经济特性的调度模型包括：多类型储能系统宽工况运行特性子模型、多类型储能系统运行效率动态变化特性子模型和多类型储能系统寿命损耗特性子模型；In one embodiment of the present disclosure, the dispatch model describing the differentiated technical and economic characteristics of the multi-type energy storage system includes: a sub-model of the wide-operating-condition operation characteristics of the multi-type energy storage system, a sub-model of the dynamic change characteristics of the operation efficiency of the multi-type energy storage system, and a sub-model of the life loss characteristics of the multi-type energy storage system;
其中，所述多类型储能系统宽工况运行特性子模型包括设置各储能系统的充放电功率最小值；The sub-model of the wide-operating-condition operation characteristics of the multi-type energy storage system includes setting the minimum value of the charge and discharge power of each energy storage system;
所述多类型储能系统运行效率动态变化特性子模型包括设置各储能系统的效率函数；The sub-model of dynamic change characteristics of operation efficiency of multiple types of energy storage systems includes setting efficiency functions of each energy storage system;
所述多类型储能系统寿命损耗特性子模型包括设置各储能系统的寿命损耗成本函数。The multi-type energy storage system life loss characteristic sub-model includes setting a life loss cost function for each energy storage system.
在本公开的一个实施例中，所述对所述修正后的描述多类型储能系统通用技术经济特性的调度模型进行线性化，包括：In one embodiment of the present disclosure, the linearizing of the modified dispatch model describing the general technical and economic characteristics of multi-type energy storage systems includes:
分别对所述多类型储能系统运行效率动态变化特性子模型和所述多类型储能系统寿命损耗特性子模型线性化；Linearizing the sub-model of dynamic change characteristics of operation efficiency of the multi-type energy storage system and the sub-model of life loss characteristics of the multi-type energy storage system respectively;
其中，对所述多类型储能系统运行效率动态变化特性子模型线性化包括对所述效率函数线性化；Wherein, linearizing the sub-model of the dynamic change characteristic of the operation efficiency of the multi-type energy storage system includes linearizing the efficiency function;
对所述多类型储能系统寿命损耗特性子模型线性化包括对所述各储能系统的寿命损耗成本函数中的非线性化函数进行线性化。Linearizing the life loss characteristic sub-model of the multi-type energy storage system includes linearizing the nonlinear function in the life loss cost function of each energy storage system.
在本公开的一个实施例中，所述对所述效率函数线性化之后，所述容量变化率约束转化为如下表达式：In one embodiment of the present disclosure, after linearizing the efficiency function, the capacity change rate constraint is converted into the following expression:
式中，变量a、b分别代表效率函数分段线性化的分段常数，横线指代取该变量的上限值，下标c、d分别表示储能系统充电与放电阶段的变量，其中，下标c和c′分别表示储能系统一次及二次充电变量，下标d和d′分别表示储能系统一次及二次放电变量；和均为0-1变量，分别为指示储能系统是否处于(ac,bc)一次充电变量分段区间的状态变量、指示储能系统是否处于(ac′,bc′)二次充电变量分段区间的状态变量、指示储能系统是否处于(ad,bd)一次放电变量分段区间的状态变量以及指示储能系统是否处于(ad′,bd′)二次放电变量分段区间的状态变量；和分别为储能系统在(ac,bc)分段区间内的一次充电效率函数值、储能系统在(ac′,bc′)分段区间内的二次充电效率函数值、储能系统在(ad,bd)分段区间内的一次放电效率函数值和储能系统在(ad′,bd′)分段区间内的二次放电效率函数值。In the formula, variables a and b represent piecewise constants of piecewise linearization of efficiency function, the horizontal line indicates the upper limit of the variable, subscripts c and d represent variables in the charging and discharging stages of energy storage system, respectively, where subscripts c and c′ represent primary and secondary charging variables of energy storage system, respectively, and subscripts d and d′ represent primary and secondary discharging variables of energy storage system, respectively; and are all 0-1 variables, which are state variables indicating whether the energy storage system is in the (ac , bc ) primary charging variable segmentation interval, state variables indicating whether the energy storage system is in the (ac′ , bc′ ) secondary charging variable segmentation interval, state variables indicating whether the energy storage system is in the (ad , bd ) primary discharging variable segmentation interval, and state variables indicating whether the energy storage system is in the (ad′ , bd′ ) secondary discharging variable segmentation interval; and They are respectively the primary charging efficiency function value of the energy storage system in the (ac ,bc ) segmented interval, the secondary charging efficiency function value of the energy storage system in the (ac′ , bc′ ) segmented interval, the primary discharge efficiency function value of the energy storage system in the (ad ,bd ) segmented interval and the secondary discharge efficiency function value of the energy storage system in the (ad′ , bd′ ) segmented interval.
本公开第二方面实施例提出一种多类型储能通用建模装置，包括：The second aspect of the present disclosure provides a general modeling device for multiple types of energy storage, including:
差异化技术经济特性调度模型构建模块，用于建立描述多类型储能系统差异化技术经济特性的调度模型，利用所述描述多类型储能系统差异化技术经济特性的调度模型对所述描述多类型储能系统通用技术经济特性的调度模型进行参数计算与修正，得到修正后的描述多类型储能系统通用技术经济特性的调度模型；A differentiated technical and economic characteristics scheduling model construction module is used to establish a scheduling model that describes the differentiated technical and economic characteristics of multiple types of energy storage systems, and use the scheduling model that describes the differentiated technical and economic characteristics of multiple types of energy storage systems to calculate and correct the parameters of the scheduling model that describes the general technical and economic characteristics of multiple types of energy storage systems, so as to obtain a corrected scheduling model that describes the general technical and economic characteristics of multiple types of energy storage systems;
线性化模块，用于对所述修正后的描述多类型储能系统通用技术经济特性的调度模型进行线性化，得到多类型储能通用模型。The linearization module is used to linearize the modified dispatching model describing the general technical and economic characteristics of the multi-type energy storage system to obtain a general model of the multi-type energy storage.
本公开第三方面实施例提出一种电子设备，包括：A third aspect of the present disclosure provides an electronic device, including:
至少一个处理器；以及，与所述至少一个处理器通信连接的存储器；at least one processor; and a memory communicatively coupled to the at least one processor;
其中，所述存储器存储有可被所述至少一个处理器执行的指令，所述指令被设置为用于执行上述一种多类型储能通用建模方法。The memory stores instructions executable by the at least one processor, and the instructions are configured to execute the above-mentioned general modeling method for multiple types of energy storage.
本公开第四方面实施例提出一种计算机可读存储介质，所述计算机可读存储介质存储计算机指令，所述计算机指令用于使所述计算机执行上述一种多类型储能通用建模方法。The fourth aspect of the present disclosure provides a computer-readable storage medium, wherein the computer-readable storage medium stores computer instructions, and the computer instructions are used to enable the computer to execute the above-mentioned general modeling method for multiple types of energy storage.
本公开的特点及有益效果在于：The characteristics and beneficial effects of the present disclosure are:
1、本公开可有效适应不同类型的储能系统调度建模应用需求。基于本公开所提出的通用储能模型，不同类型储能系统差异化的技术经济特性将被体现为模型调控参数的数值差异，不同类型储能系统调度模型在约束条件构成形式方面将能够保持一致。因此本公开所提出的通用储能模型不仅适用于三项储能系统，也能够适用于其他类型储能设备的调度建模，具备良好的通用性、泛用性以及拓展性，便于储能运营商对更多类型的储能设施进行聚合以及统一调控。1. The present disclosure can effectively adapt to the application requirements of scheduling modeling of different types of energy storage systems. Based on the universal energy storage model proposed in the present disclosure, the differentiated technical and economic characteristics of different types of energy storage systems will be reflected as the numerical differences of the model control parameters, and the scheduling models of different types of energy storage systems will be able to maintain consistency in the form of constraint conditions. Therefore, the universal energy storage model proposed in the present disclosure is not only applicable to the three energy storage systems, but also to the scheduling modeling of other types of energy storage equipment. It has good versatility, versatility and extensibility, which is convenient for energy storage operators to aggregate and uniformly regulate more types of energy storage facilities.
2、本公开可以同时反映储能系统在运行成本特性、运行外特性等方面的普遍特征和宽工况运行特性、运行效率动态变化特性等方面的差异化特征。在面向考虑多类型辅助服务的电力系统调控运行问题中，本公开可以在确保模型统一性、泛用化的前提下，针对性地为不同储能系统分配更适应的调度任务，实现多类型储能系统的高效协同。2. The present disclosure can simultaneously reflect the general characteristics of energy storage systems in terms of operating cost characteristics, operating external characteristics, etc., and the differentiated characteristics in terms of wide-operating condition operating characteristics, dynamic change characteristics of operating efficiency, etc. In the problem of power system regulation and operation considering multiple types of auxiliary services, the present disclosure can, on the premise of ensuring the uniformity and generalization of the model, specifically allocate more suitable dispatching tasks to different energy storage systems, and realize efficient coordination of multiple types of energy storage systems.
附图说明BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
图1为本公开实施例中一种多类型储能通用建模方法整体流程图。FIG1 is an overall flow chart of a general modeling method for multiple types of energy storage in an embodiment of the present disclosure.
图2为本公开一个具体实施例中基于储能通用调度模型求解的多类型储能系统充放电计划示意图。FIG2 is a schematic diagram of a charging and discharging plan for multiple types of energy storage systems solved based on a general energy storage scheduling model in a specific embodiment of the present disclosure.
具体实施方式DETAILED DESCRIPTION
本公开提出一种多类型储能通用建模方法、装置、电子设备和存储介质，下面结合附图及实施例对本公开进一步详细说明如下。The present disclosure proposes a general modeling method, device, electronic device and storage medium for multiple types of energy storage, which are further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
本公开第一方面实施例提出一种多类型储能通用建模方法，整体流程如图1所示，包括以下步骤：The first embodiment of the present disclosure proposes a general modeling method for multi-type energy storage, the overall process of which is shown in FIG1 and includes the following steps:
1)建立描述多类型储能系统通用技术经济特性的调度模型；1) Establish a dispatch model that describes the general technical and economic characteristics of multiple types of energy storage systems;
本公开实施例基于混合整数线性规划(Mixed Integer Linear Programming,MILP)方法,提出了一种面向电力系统多类型辅助服务的储能系统通用模型。基于该通用储能模式，本公开实施例对锂电池、全钒氧化还原液流电池(Vanadium Redox Flow Battery,VRB)以及先进绝热压缩空气储能(Adiabatic Compressed Air Energy Storage,A-CAES)的调度特性进行统一描述。需要说明，本公开实施例所提出的通用储能建模方法同样适用于常规大规模储能技术如抽水蓄能(Pumped Hybrid Storage)和传统压缩空气储能(Conventional CAES，C-CAES)。The embodiment of the present disclosure is based on the Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP) method and proposes a general model of energy storage system for multiple types of auxiliary services of power system. Based on this general energy storage mode, the embodiment of the present disclosure uniformly describes the scheduling characteristics of lithium batteries, all-vanadium redox flow batteries (Vanadium Redox Flow Battery, VRB) and advanced adiabatic compressed air energy storage (A-CAES). It should be noted that the general energy storage modeling method proposed in the embodiment of the present disclosure is also applicable to conventional large-scale energy storage technologies such as pumped hybrid storage (Pumped Hybrid Storage) and conventional compressed air energy storage (Conventional CAES, C-CAES).
为实现对多类型储能系统技术经济特性的统一建模，首先建立描述多类型储能系统通用技术经济特性的调度模型，作为统一建模的基础部分。In order to achieve unified modeling of the technical and economic characteristics of multiple types of energy storage systems, a scheduling model that describes the common technical and economic characteristics of multiple types of energy storage systems is first established as the basis for unified modeling.
在本公开的实施例中，该步骤具体包括：In an embodiment of the present disclosure, this step specifically includes:
一般而言在优化调度问题中，运行成本特性和储能的运行外特性是需要详细描述的两个关键因素。Generally speaking, in the optimization scheduling problem, the operating cost characteristics and the non-operating characteristics of energy storage are two key factors that need to be described in detail.
储能系统的运行成本可分为两类。首先是放电燃料消耗成本，这是一类较为特殊的成本，仅有少数的电储能技术存在这一项成本。C-CAES在放电时需要通过天然气等燃料补燃加热高压空气，提高高压空气做功能力，是一类典型的存在放电燃料消耗成本的储能技术。其次是寿命折损成本。锂电池等电池储能系统的运行寿命受到其运行方式的显著影响，考虑到当前各类电池储能设施的建设投资成本仍处于极高的水平，必须在考虑其寿命折损对这些电池储能系统的运行方式予以优化。一般而言，寿命折损成本可建模为全寿命周期投资成本在其全寿命时间尺度上的平均值。因此储能系统的运行成本可统一地建模为如下形式：The operating costs of energy storage systems can be divided into two categories. The first is the discharge fuel consumption cost, which is a relatively special cost and only a few electric energy storage technologies have this cost. C-CAES needs to heat the high-pressure air through the combustion of fuels such as natural gas during discharge to improve the working capacity of the high-pressure air. It is a typical energy storage technology with discharge fuel consumption costs. The second is the life depreciation cost. The operating life of battery energy storage systems such as lithium batteries is significantly affected by their operating mode. Considering that the current construction investment costs of various types of battery energy storage facilities are still at an extremely high level, the operating mode of these battery energy storage systems must be optimized in consideration of their life depreciation. Generally speaking, the life depreciation cost can be modeled as the average value of the full life cycle investment cost on its full life time scale. Therefore, the operating cost of the energy storage system can be uniformly modeled as follows:
CEES,k＝cfuel,kPd,k,t+Cde,k (1)CEES,k =cfuel,k Pd,k,t +Cde,k (1)
式中，CEES,k是储能系统k的运行成本；cfuel,k为储能系统k的燃料耗量成本系数，Pd,k,t为储能系统k在t时刻的放电功率，Cde,k是储能系统k的寿命折损成本；Where, CEES,k is the operating cost of energy storage system k; cfuel,k is the fuel consumption cost coefficient of energy storage system k; Pd,k,t is the discharge power of energy storage system k at time t; Cde,k is the life depreciation cost of energy storage system k;
储能系统的运行外特性主要包括额定充放电功率、功率变化范围、充放电效率以及储能剩余容量，这些特性体现为储能系统的运行约束条件，如式(2)-(5)所示：The external operating characteristics of the energy storage system mainly include the rated charge and discharge power, power variation range, charge and discharge efficiency, and remaining energy storage capacity. These characteristics are reflected as the operating constraints of the energy storage system, as shown in equations (2)-(5):
式(2)为储能系统k的充放电功率限值约束，其中，Pc,k,t和Pd,k,t分别为储能系统k在t时刻的充电功率及放电功率；uEES,c,k,t和uEES,d,k,t分别为储能系统k在t时刻的充电及放电状态0-1变量，以充电状态为例，当uEES,c,k,t＝1时，储能系统k处于充电状态，当uEES,c,k,t＝0时，储能系统k处于放电状态；和Pc,k分别为储能系统k的充电功率上限及下限；和Pd,k分别为储能系统k的放电功率上限及下限。Formula (2) is the charge and discharge power limit constraint of energy storage system k, where Pc,k,t and Pd,k,t are the charging power and discharging power of energy storage system k at time t respectively; uEES,c,k,t and uEES,d,k,t are the charging and discharging state 0-1 variables of energy storage system k at time t respectively. Taking the charging state as an example, when uEES,c,k,t = 1, energy storage system k is in the charging state, and when uEES,c,k,t = 0, energy storage system k is in the discharging state; andPc,k are the upper and lower limits of the charging power of energy storage system k, respectively; andPd,k are the upper and lower limits of the discharge power of energy storage system k respectively.
式(3)为储能系统k的容量变化率约束，其中QEES,k,t和Q′EES,k,t分别为储能系统k在t时刻的一次和二次剩余储电容量；κc,k和κ′c,k分别为储能系统k的一次及二次充电效率系数；κd,k和κ′d,k分别为储能系统k的一次及二次放电效率系数(以上4个效率系数在步骤2)中将通过函数方式进行求解其取值)；Δt为t时刻与t-1时刻的时间间隔。Formula (3) is the capacity change rate constraint of energy storage system k, where QEES,k,t and Q′EES,k,t are the primary and secondary remaining storage capacities of energy storage system k at time t, respectively; κc,k and κ′c,k are the primary and secondary charging efficiency coefficients of energy storage system k, respectively; κd,k and κ′d,k are the primary and secondary discharging efficiency coefficients of energy storage system k, respectively (the above four efficiency coefficients will be solved by function in step 2); Δt is the time interval between time t and time t-1.
式(4)为储能系统k的剩余储电容量限值约束，式中和QEES,k分别为储能系统k的一次储能容量上限及下限；和Q′EES,k分别为储能系统k的二次储能容量上限及下限。Formula (4) is the remaining storage capacity limit constraint of energy storage system k, where andQEES,k are the upper and lower limits of the primary energy storage capacity of energy storage system k, respectively; andQ ′EES,k are the upper and lower limits of the secondary energy storage capacity of energy storage system k, respectively.
uEES,c,k,t+uEES,d,k,t≤1 (5)uEES,c,k,t +uEES,d,k,t ≤1 (5)
式(5)为储能系统k的充放电状态约束，其限制了储能系统k不能同时处于充电及放电状态。Formula (5) is the charge and discharge state constraint of the energy storage system k, which restricts the energy storage system k from being in the charge and discharge state at the same time.
2)建立描述多类型储能系统差异化技术经济特性的调度模型；利用描述多类型储能系统差异化技术经济特性的调度模型对步骤1)建立的描述多类型储能系统通用技术经济特性的调度模型进行参数计算与修正，得到修正后的描述多类型储能系统通用技术经济特性的调度模型；2) Establishing a dispatch model that describes the differentiated technical and economic characteristics of multiple types of energy storage systems; using the dispatch model that describes the differentiated technical and economic characteristics of multiple types of energy storage systems, the dispatch model that describes the general technical and economic characteristics of multiple types of energy storage systems established in step 1) is used to calculate and correct parameters, and a corrected dispatch model that describes the general technical and economic characteristics of multiple types of energy storage systems is obtained;
由于不同类型储能系统的技术特性完全不同，它们的运行外特性和折损成本将体现出显著差异。在面向优化调度的储能系统建模中，可以将不同类型储能技术的技术特性差异化特征归纳为宽工况运行特性、运行效率动态变化特性以及寿命损耗特性三类。Since the technical characteristics of different types of energy storage systems are completely different, their external operating characteristics and depreciation costs will show significant differences. In the energy storage system modeling for optimal scheduling, the differentiated characteristics of the technical characteristics of different types of energy storage technologies can be summarized into three categories: wide operating condition operation characteristics, dynamic change characteristics of operating efficiency, and life loss characteristics.
在本公开的实施例中，该步骤具体包括：In an embodiment of the present disclosure, this step specifically includes:
2.1)建立多类型储能系统宽工况运行特性子模型：2.1) Establish a sub-model of the wide-operating-condition operation characteristics of multiple types of energy storage systems:
不同类型的储能技术具备完全不同的宽工况运行范围(亦即功率调节范围)。其中，锂电池可实现接近0-100％的功率调节范围，而VRB和A-CAES由于运行效率将随着功率下降而显著下降，无法实现从0-100％的功率调节。VRB和A-CAES的功率调节范围分别为20-100％和40％-100％。部分储能设施在宽工况运行条件下运行性能较差，例如，多数PHS系统中的抽水泵均是定速泵机，其仅可运行与关机状态或者额定功率状态。Different types of energy storage technologies have completely different wide operating ranges (i.e., power regulation ranges). Among them, lithium batteries can achieve a power regulation range close to 0-100%, while VRB and A-CAES cannot achieve power regulation from 0-100% because their operating efficiency will drop significantly as the power decreases. The power regulation ranges of VRB and A-CAES are 20-100% and 40%-100%, respectively. Some energy storage facilities have poor operating performance under wide operating conditions. For example, the water pumps in most PHS systems are fixed-speed pumps, which can only operate in the shutdown state or rated power state.
不同储能系统的宽工况调节范围可以通过设置不同的充放电功率最小值直接实现。The wide operating adjustment range of different energy storage systems can be directly achieved by setting different minimum charging and discharging power values.
2.2)建立多类型储能系统运行效率动态变化特性子模型：2.2) Establish a sub-model of dynamic change characteristics of operating efficiency of multiple types of energy storage systems:
本公开实施例中，对于A-CAES、C-CAES以及PHS等储能技术，其充放电功率的效率系数依赖于其所处的瞬时运行状态，例如输出功率水平、剩余荷电容量(对压缩空气储能而言即储气设施中空气的剩余气压，对PHS而言则是其库容水头)。以A-CAES为例，随着其储气室或储气洞穴气压的逐渐增加，A-CAES实现同等容量的电能存储将需要消耗更多的电能。此外，A-CAES透平的做工效率也将在其偏离额定运行工况时发生显著下降。与A-CAES相比，剩余储电容量对VRB充放电效率的影响则要小得多，在宽工况运行条件下，VRB的充放电效率变化率一般不会超过10％。相较而言，影响VRB运行效率动态变化特性的主要因素是其输出功率水平。而与A-CAES和VRB均不同的是，锂电池的运行效率相对稳定。其往返效率变化范围一般可限值在10％以内，因此，可以忽略锂电池运行效率的动态变化。In the disclosed embodiments, for energy storage technologies such as A-CAES, C-CAES and PHS, the efficiency coefficient of the charging and discharging power depends on the instantaneous operating state in which it is located, such as the output power level and the remaining charge capacity (for compressed air energy storage, it is the remaining air pressure of the air in the gas storage facility, and for PHS, it is its storage head). Taking A-CAES as an example, as the air pressure in its air storage chamber or air storage cave gradually increases, A-CAES will need to consume more electricity to achieve the same capacity of electrical energy storage. In addition, the workmanship efficiency of the A-CAES turbine will also drop significantly when it deviates from the rated operating conditions. Compared with A-CAES, the influence of the remaining storage capacity on the charging and discharging efficiency of VRB is much smaller. Under wide operating conditions, the change rate of the charging and discharging efficiency of VRB generally does not exceed 10%. In comparison, the main factor affecting the dynamic change characteristics of the operating efficiency of VRB is its output power level. Unlike both A-CAES and VRB, the operating efficiency of lithium batteries is relatively stable. The round-trip efficiency variation range can generally be limited to within 10%, so the dynamic changes in the lithium battery operating efficiency can be ignored.
在本公开一个具体实施例中，将通过分段线性化的方式，建立各储能技术的效率函数K(P,Q)代替各储能系统原本的运行效率函数κc,k，κ′c,k，κd,k和κ′d,k，实现各储能系统容量变化约束即式(3)的统一。由于涉及模型的线性化，K(P,Q)的具体计算和应用方法将在步骤3)即多类型储能通用模型线性化及模型应用部分详细阐述。In a specific embodiment of the present disclosure, the efficiency function K(P,Q) of each energy storage technology is established by piecewise linearization to replace the original operating efficiency functions κc,k , κ′c,k , κd,k and κ′d,k of each energy storage system, so as to unify the capacity change constraints of each energy storage system, i.e., equation (3). Since it involves the linearization of the model, the specific calculation and application method of K(P,Q) will be described in detail in step 3), i.e., the linearization of the general model of multi-type energy storage and the application of the model.
2.3)建立多类型储能系统寿命损耗特性子模型：2.3) Establishing life loss characteristic sub-models for various types of energy storage systems:
本公开实施例中，对大部分储能系统例如VRB和锂电池而言，其运行成本主要来源于充放电行为所导致的手寿命折损。然而，不同的储能技术呈现出迥异的寿命损耗特性，目前尚难以通过某一固定的模型描述所有类型储能技术的寿命损耗特性。因此，本公开对不同储能的寿命损耗特性进行模块化单独建模并根据需要嵌入到通用储能模型内。In the embodiments of the present disclosure, for most energy storage systems such as VRB and lithium batteries, their operating costs mainly come from the life loss caused by charging and discharging behavior. However, different energy storage technologies present very different life loss characteristics, and it is currently difficult to describe the life loss characteristics of all types of energy storage technologies through a fixed model. Therefore, the present disclosure modularizes and separately models the life loss characteristics of different energy storages and embeds them into the general energy storage model as needed.
与电池储能不同，A-CAES，C-CAES和PHS的运行寿命对其循环深度和放电深度(depth of discharging，DOD)等运行工况的敏感性较低，它们的运行寿命主要取决于其日历老化进程。例如，A-CAES的运行寿命通常可以达到30-40年。因此，在调度问题中，A-CAES的单日寿命损耗成本特性退化为一个常数，如式(6)所示：Unlike battery energy storage, the operating life of A-CAES, C-CAES and PHS is less sensitive to operating conditions such as their cycle depth and depth of discharging (DOD), and their operating life mainly depends on their calendar aging process. For example, the operating life of A-CAES can usually reach 30-40 years. Therefore, in the scheduling problem, the daily life loss cost characteristic of A-CAES degenerates into a constant, as shown in formula (6):
式中，Cde,CAES代表A-CAES的单日寿命损耗成本，CI,CAES为A-CAES的建设投资成本，TCAES是A-CAES的寿命周期，r是等年值折旧系数。Where Cde,CAES represents the daily life loss cost of A-CAES,CI,CAES is the construction investment cost of A-CAES, TCAES is the life cycle of A-CAES, and r is the depreciation coefficient of equal annual value.
PHS和C-CAES的折旧成本特性可以用类似式(6)的形式表达。The depreciation cost characteristics of PHS and C-CAES can be expressed in a form similar to equation (6).
由于VRB的寿命基本上不受DOD的影响，本公开实施例将VRB的寿命标准化出力为VRB在达到寿命前可以处理的能量，并将其寿命折损成本平均分配到每MWh电能充放所对应的成本：Since the life of a VRB is basically not affected by DOD, the embodiment of the present disclosure normalizes the life of a VRB to the energy that the VRB can process before reaching the end of its life, and evenly distributes its life loss cost to the cost corresponding to each MWh of electric energy charge and discharge:
式中，λVRB是VRB的线性平均寿命折损成本，CI,VRB是VRB的建设投资成本，N为VRB的最大循环次数，和QVRB分别为VRB的容量上限及下限。Where λVRB is the linear average life depreciation cost of VRB, CI,VRB is the construction investment cost of VRB, N is the maximum number of cycles of VRB, andQVRB are the upper and lower limits of VRB capacity respectively.
因此，VRB的寿命折损可以建模为式(8)：Therefore, the life loss of VRB can be modeled as formula (8):
式中，Cde,VRB代表VRB的单日寿命损耗成本，Pc,VRB,t和Pd,VRB,t分别为VRB在t时刻的充电及放电功率，T为单日总调度时段数。Where Cde,VRB represents the daily life loss cost of VRB, Pc,VRB,t and Pd,VRB,t are the charging and discharging powers of VRB at time t, respectively, and T is the total number of scheduling periods in a single day.
锂电池的运行寿命受到多种因素影响，例如：DOD、循环寿命、日历寿命等。何对锂电池的寿命折损特性进行准确描述，并面向调度应用需求建立其简化线性化模型，是锂电池运行成本建模的关键点和难点。为此，本公开实施例首先给定锂电池的期望运行寿命(TLi)，将梯次利用储能电站的寿命损耗成本(Cde,Li)折算为一常量，其表达形式与式(6)类似。The operating life of lithium batteries is affected by many factors, such as DOD, cycle life, calendar life, etc. How to accurately describe the life depreciation characteristics of lithium batteries and establish a simplified linear model for scheduling application requirements is the key point and difficulty of lithium battery operating cost modeling. To this end, the embodiment of the present disclosure first gives the expected operating life of the lithium battery (TLi ), and converts the life loss cost (Cde,Li ) of the cascade utilization energy storage power station into a constant, whose expression is similar to formula (6).
基于给定的锂电池期望运行寿命，其在100％DOD条件下，锂电池的每日允许的最大循环次数为：Based on the expected operating life of a given lithium battery, the maximum number of cycles allowed per day for a lithium battery under 100% DOD conditions is:
式中，为锂电池的单日最大允许循环次数；N0为锂电池在100％DOD条件下的最大循环次数；TLi为锂电池的期望运行寿命；Tcal为锂电池的日历寿命。In the formula, is the maximum allowable number of cycles of the lithium battery in a single day;N0 is the maximum number of cycles of the lithium battery under 100% DOD conditions; TLi is the expected operating life of the lithium battery; Tcal is the calendar life of the lithium battery.
在此基础上，可计算在100％DOD条件下锂电池单日所允许的充电/放电总电量如式(10)所示：On this basis, the total charge/discharge capacity allowed for a lithium battery in a single day under 100% DOD conditions can be calculated as shown in formula (10):
式中，为100％DOD条件下锂电池单日所允许的充电/放电总电量，和QLi分别为锂电池容量上限值和下限值。In the formula, It is the total charge/discharge capacity allowed for a lithium battery in a single day under 100% DOD conditions. andQLi are the upper and lower limits of lithium battery capacity respectively.
考虑到在实际情况中锂电池并不总会进行100％DOD的充放电，本公开实施例将各放电深度下锂电池的充放电功率表达为100％DOD下的等效充放电功率，如式(11)的指数函数约束所示：Considering that in actual situations, lithium batteries do not always perform 100% DOD charge and discharge, the embodiment of the present disclosure expresses the charge and discharge power of the lithium battery at each discharge depth as the equivalent charge and discharge power at 100% DOD, as shown in the exponential function constraint of formula (11):
式中，Pc0,Li,t和Pd0,Li,t分别为t时刻锂电池在100％DOD下的等效充放电功率；Pc,Li,t和Pd,Li,t分别为t时刻锂电池的实际充放电功率；为t时刻锂电池的运行DOD；kP为校准系数。Where, Pc0,Li,t and Pd0,Li,t are the equivalent charge and discharge powers of the lithium battery at 100% DOD at time t; Pc,Li,t and Pd,Li,t are the actual charge and discharge powers of the lithium battery at time t; is the operating DOD of the lithium battery at time t; kP is the calibration coefficient.
3)利用所述描述多类型储能系统差异化技术经济特性的调度模型对所述描述多类型储能系统通用技术经济特性的调度模型进行参数计算与修正，进而对所述描述多类型储能系统通用技术经济特性的调度模型进行线性化，线性化后的所述描述多类型储能系统通用技术经济特性的调度模型即为多类型储能通用模型。3) The scheduling model describing the differentiated technical and economic characteristics of multi-type energy storage systems is used to calculate and correct the parameters of the scheduling model describing the general technical and economic characteristics of multi-type energy storage systems, and then the scheduling model describing the general technical and economic characteristics of multi-type energy storage systems is linearized. The linearized scheduling model describing the general technical and economic characteristics of multi-type energy storage systems is the general model of multi-type energy storage.
本公开实施例中，在步骤2)所建立描述多类型储能差异化技术经济特性的调度模型中，其中在步骤2.2)及2.3)所建立的子模型中，将引入部分非线性项，不利于将之进一步引入储能系统通用调度模型进行应用。为此，需要通过分段线性化及大M法等手段将之线性化。随后，即可将本公开实施例所建立多类型储能通用模型嵌入现有研究所提出的电力系统调度模型中，并进一步考虑多类型辅助服务应用，实现多类型储能系统的协调优化调度。In the embodiment of the present disclosure, in the dispatch model established in step 2) that describes the differentiated technical and economic characteristics of multiple types of energy storage, some nonlinear terms will be introduced in the sub-models established in steps 2.2) and 2.3), which is not conducive to further introducing them into the general dispatch model of the energy storage system for application. For this reason, it is necessary to linearize it by means of piecewise linearization and the big M method. Subsequently, the general model of multiple types of energy storage established in the embodiment of the present disclosure can be embedded in the power system dispatch model proposed by the existing research institute, and further consider the application of multiple types of auxiliary services to achieve coordinated optimization dispatch of multiple types of energy storage systems.
该步骤具体包括：This step specifically includes:
3.1)多类型储能系统运行效率动态变化特性子模型线性化：3.1) Linearization of the sub-model of dynamic change characteristics of operating efficiency of multi-type energy storage systems:
在步骤2.2)中，本公开通过通用效率函数K(P,Q)代替式(3)中的κc,k，κ′c,k，κd,k和κ′d,k，从而统一不同储能系统的容量变化约束。具体而言，K(P,Q)为效率函数集合，其包括Kc,k(Pc,k,t,QEES,k,t)，K′c,k(P′c,k,t,QEES,k,t)，Kd,k(Pd,k,t,QEES,k,t)，和K′d,k(P′d,k,t,QEES,k,t)，分别与κc,k，κ′c,k，κd,k和κ′d,k对应。效率函数K(P,Q)(即Kc,k(Pc,k,t,QEES,k,t)，一次充电效率函数；K′c,k(P′c,k,t,QEES,k,t)，二次充电效率函数；Kd,k(Pd,k,t,QEES,k,t)，一次放电效率函数；K′d,k(P′d,k,t,QEES,k,t)，二次放电效率函数)的引入将使式(3)出现状态变量的乘积并导致非线性，因此通过分段线性化的方法对其进行处理：In step 2.2), the present disclosure replaces κc,k , κ′c,k , κd,k and κ′d,k in formula (3) with a universal efficiency function K(P,Q) to unify the capacity change constraints of different energy storage systems. Specifically, K(P,Q ) is a set of efficiency functions, which includes Kc,k (Pc,k,t ,QEES,k,t ), K′c,k (P′c,k,t ,QEES,k,t ), Kd,k (Pd,k,t ,QEES,k,t ), and K′d,k (P′d,k,t ,QEES,k,t ), which correspond to κc,k , κ′c,k , κd,k and κ′d,k, respectively. The introduction of the efficiency function K(P,Q) (i.e., Kc,k (Pc,k,t ,QEES,k,t ), primary charge efficiency function; K′c,k (P′c,k,t ,QEES,k,t ), secondary charge efficiency function; Kd,k (Pd,k,t ,QEES,k,t ), primary discharge efficiency function; K′d,k (P′d,k,t ,QEES,k,t ), secondary discharge efficiency function) will cause the product of state variables to appear in equation (3) and lead to nonlinearity, so it is processed by the piecewise linearization method:
式中，K(P,Q)为效率函数的通用形式，可为Kc,k(Pc,k,t,QEES,k,t)、K′c,k(P′c,k,t,QEES,k,t)、Kd,k(Pd,k,t,QEES,k,t)或K′d,k(P′d,k,t,QEES,k,t)中的任一种；上标a和b指代效率函数的分段处于坐标(a,b)对应区间，和分别a和b的上限值，不同效率函数的分段区间不同，与K(P,Q)对应。a的取值包括ac、ac′、ad和ad′，其中变量符号a表示其为第一维分段变量，下标c、c′、d和d′分别表示其为储能系统的一次充电分段变量、二次充电分段变量、一次放电分段变量和二次放电分段变量。b的取值包括bc、bc′、bd和bd′，其中变量符号b表示其为第二维分段变量，下标c、c′、d和d′分别表示其为储能系统的一次充电分段变量、二次充电分段变量、一次放电分段变量和二次放电分段变量。为分段区间指示变量，为0-1变量，其取值为与K(P,Q)取值对应的或它们分别为指示储能系统是否处于(ac,bc)一次充电变量分段区间的状态变量、指示储能系统是否处于(ac′,bc′)二次充电变量分段区间的状态变量、指示储能系统是否处于(ad,bd)一次放电变量分段区间的状态变量以及指示储能系统是否处于(ad′,bd′)二次放电变量分段区间的状态变量；κa,b为储能系统运行于分段区间(a,b)时的运行效率函数值，其取值为与K(P,Q)取值对应的或它们分别为储能系统在(ac,bc)分段区间内的一次充电效率函数值、储能系统在(ac′,bc′)分段区间内的二次充电效率函数值、储能系统在(ad,bd)分段区间内的一次放电效率函数值和储能系统在(ad′,bd′)分段区间内的二次放电效率函数值。In the formula, K(P,Q) is the general form of the efficiency function, which can be any one of Kc,k (Pc,k,t ,QEES,k,t ), K′c,k (P′c,k,t ,QEES,k,t ), Kd,k (Pd,k,t ,QEES,k,t ) or K′d,k (P′d,k,t ,QEES,k,t ); the superscripts a and b refer to the segments of the efficiency function that are in the corresponding interval of coordinates (a,b). and The upper limits of a and b are respectively, and the segmentation intervals of different efficiency functions are different, corresponding to K(P,Q). The values of a include ac , ac′ , ad and ad′ , where the variable symbol a indicates that it is a first-dimensional segmentation variable, and the subscripts c, c′, d and d′ respectively indicate that it is a first-charge segmentation variable, a second-charge segmentation variable, a first-discharge segmentation variable and a second-discharge segmentation variable of the energy storage system. The values of b include bc , bc′ , bd and bd′ , where the variable symbol b indicates that it is a second-dimensional segmentation variable, and the subscripts c, c′, d and d′ respectively indicate that it is a first-charge segmentation variable, a second-charge segmentation variable, a first-discharge segmentation variable and a second-discharge segmentation variable of the energy storage system. is a segmented interval indicator variable, which is a 0-1 variable and its value corresponds to the value of K(P,Q) or They are state variables indicating whether the energy storage system is in the (ac ,bc ) primary charging variable segmentation interval, state variables indicating whether the energy storage system is in the (ac′ , bc′ ) secondary charging variable segmentation interval, state variables indicating whether the energy storage system is in the (ad ,bd ) primary discharging variable segmentation interval, and state variables indicating whether the energy storage system is in the (ad′ , bd′ ) secondary discharging variable segmentation interval; κa,b is the operating efficiency function value of the energy storage system when it operates in the segmentation interval (a,b), and its value corresponds to the value of K(P,Q) or They are respectively the primary charging efficiency function value of the energy storage system in the (ac ,bc ) segmented interval, the secondary charging efficiency function value of the energy storage system in the (ac′ , bc′ ) segmented interval, the primary discharge efficiency function value of the energy storage system in the (ad ,bd ) segmented interval and the secondary discharge efficiency function value of the energy storage system in the (ad′ , bd′ ) segmented interval.
式(12)的含义在于，效率函数K(P,Q)的数值在被经过离散化过后表达为一个维的矩阵，其中和分别为设定的分段系数常量。与之对应，储能系统k的充放电功率的变化范围亦即储能系统k剩余容量的变化范围也分别被划分为和段。引入定位变量是表示储能系统k处于哪一分节充放电功率运行状态以及哪一分节剩余容量运行状态的0-1变量。以和为例，若在t时刻，储能技术k的充电功率落在其分段区间(a,b)内，则且且q≠b，此时The meaning of formula (12) is that the value of the efficiency function K(P,Q) is expressed as a discretized dimensional matrix, where and Correspondingly, the range of variation of the charge and discharge power of the energy storage system k, that is, the range of variation of the remaining capacity of the energy storage system k, is also divided into and Segment. Introduce positioning variables is a 0-1 variable indicating which section of the energy storage system k is in charge and discharge power operation state and which section of the remaining capacity operation state. and For example, if at time t, the charging power of energy storage technology k falls within its segmented interval (a, b), then and And q≠b, then
基于上述规则，可将式(3)改写为如下式所示的等效形式。Based on the above rules, equation (3) can be rewritten into an equivalent form as shown below.
式中，变量a、b分别代表效率函数分段线性化的分段常数，横线指代取该变量的上限值，下标c、d分别表示储能系统充电与放电阶段的变量，其中，下标c和c′分别表示储能系统一次及而二次充电变量，下标d和d′分别表示储能系统一次及二次放电变量。Wherein, variables a and b represent piecewise constants of piecewise linearization of efficiency function, the horizontal line indicates the upper limit of the variable, subscripts c and d represent variables of charging and discharging stages of energy storage system, respectively. Subscripts c and c′ represent primary and secondary charging variables of energy storage system, respectively, and subscripts d and d′ represent primary and secondary discharging variables of energy storage system, respectively.
在嵌入效率函数后，需要对应添加如式(14)所示的辅助约束以协助确定的取值：After embedding the efficiency function, it is necessary to add auxiliary constraints as shown in formula (14) to assist in determining The value of:
式中，和P分别代表储能功率变量P的上下限，和Q分别代表储能剩余容量变量Q的上下限。In the formula, andP represent the upper and lower limits of the energy storage power variable P, respectively. andQ represent the upper and lower limits of the energy storage remaining capacity variable Q respectively.
此外，式(13)中存在的非线性项，不便于将所建立的通用化储能模型直接使用在调度模型时的优化求解。对此，通过大M法可有效实现相关非线性约束的线性化。In addition, there is The nonlinear terms of the energy storage model make it inconvenient to directly use the established general energy storage model in the optimization solution of the dispatch model. In this regard, the large M method can effectively realize the linearization of related nonlinear constraints.
3.2)多类型储能系统寿命损耗特性子模型线性化：3.2) Linearization of life loss characteristics sub-models of multi-type energy storage systems:
本公开的一个具体实施例中，A-CAES的寿命损耗成本被建模为如式(6)所示的常量，VRB的寿命损耗成本被建模为如式(8)所示的线性化形式，而锂电池寿命模型中式(11)将引入非线性。为此，本公开进一步针对锂电池的寿命损耗特性模型进行线性化。In a specific embodiment of the present disclosure, the life loss cost of A-CAES is modeled as a constant as shown in formula (6), the life loss cost of VRB is modeled as a linearized form as shown in formula (8), and formula (11) in the lithium battery life model will introduce nonlinearity. To this end, the present disclosure further linearizes the life loss characteristic model of lithium batteries.
在本公开的一个具体实施例中，为保证锂电池的期望运行寿命，其单日等效充放电量不应超过为了消除式(11)引入的非线性项，通过分段线性化方法对其进行改写和线性化，如式(15)所示：In a specific embodiment of the present disclosure, in order to ensure the expected operating life of the lithium battery, its single-day equivalent charge and discharge capacity should not exceed In order to eliminate the nonlinear term introduced by equation (11), it is rewritten and linearized by piecewise linearization method, as shown in equation (15):
式中，x为放电深度线性化分段的分段指示参数，为其最大值；为t时刻锂电池的放电深度分段指示因子；为由放电深度决定的比例系数；Δt为单个调度时段的时间粒度。式中的非线性项(和)可进一步采用大M法进行线性化。Where x is the segmented indication parameter of the discharge depth linearization segmentation, is its maximum value; It is the discharge depth segmentation indicator factor of the lithium battery at time t; is the proportionality coefficient determined by the discharge depth; Δt is the time granularity of a single scheduling period. The nonlinear term ( and ) can be further linearized using the Big M method.
至此，已完成本公开所建立的多类型储能通用建模，线性化后的描述多类型储能系统通用技术经济特性的调度模型即为多类型储能通用模型。在本公开的实施例中，在实际应用时，只需依据式(6)～式(15)求解特定类型储能系统的调度参数，并将之嵌入如式(1)～式(5)所示的通用模型，即可完成储能系统的通用化建模。随后，将之引入现有技术所提出的电力系统优化调度模型中作为约束条件并求解，即可基于通用、普适的模型形式实现计及多类型储能系统的电力系统调度策略的优化制定。At this point, the general modeling of multi-type energy storage established by the present disclosure has been completed, and the linearized dispatching model that describes the general technical and economic characteristics of multi-type energy storage systems is the general model of multi-type energy storage. In the embodiments of the present disclosure, in actual application, it is only necessary to solve the dispatching parameters of a specific type of energy storage system according to equations (6) to (15), and embed it into the general model shown in equations (1) to (5), so as to complete the general modeling of the energy storage system. Subsequently, it is introduced into the power system optimization dispatching model proposed by the prior art as a constraint condition and solved, so that the optimization formulation of the power system dispatching strategy taking into account multi-type energy storage systems can be realized based on a general and universal model form.
在本公开的一个具体实施例中，该实施例设定以下实施例场景，对包含A-CAES、VRB电站和锂电池电站的储能运营商进行仿真模拟。需要说明，以下实施例仅用于展示本公开所提方法的有效性，而不用于限定本本公开。根据实际使用场景和需求，本公开所提出的储能通用建模方法可以有效适应更多类型储能系统的调度仿真建模以及不同的调度参数。In a specific embodiment of the present disclosure, the embodiment sets the following embodiment scenario to simulate energy storage operators including A-CAES, VRB power stations and lithium battery power stations. It should be noted that the following embodiments are only used to demonstrate the effectiveness of the method proposed in the present disclosure, and are not used to limit the present disclosure. According to actual usage scenarios and requirements, the general energy storage modeling method proposed in the present disclosure can effectively adapt to the scheduling simulation modeling of more types of energy storage systems and different scheduling parameters.
该实施例中A-CAES的相关仿真数据采用了文献“陈海生.压缩空气储能技术发展现状及前景.”中所给出的数据，计A-CAES的额定充放电功率均为60MW，可支撑连续5小时的满发放电，其功率调节范围为40-100％，其单位容量和功率输出的建设投资成本分别为1000元/kWh和4000元/kW，系统的运行寿命为40年。The relevant simulation data of A-CAES in this embodiment adopts the data given in the document "Chen Haisheng. Current Status and Prospects of Compressed Air Energy Storage Technology." It is calculated that the rated charging and discharging power of A-CAES is 60MW, which can support full discharge for 5 hours continuously. Its power adjustment range is 40-100%. Its construction investment cost per unit capacity and power output is 1,000 yuan/kWh and 4,000 yuan/kW respectively, and the operating life of the system is 40 years.
该实施例中VRB的相关仿真数据基于文献“U.S.department of energy.“Energystorage technology and cost characterization report”,2019.”获得。该实施例中，VRB的额定充放电功率为10MW，储能容量为40MWh，功率调节范围为20-100％，单位容量及功率输出的建设投资成本分别为2597/kWh和1394元/kW，循环寿命为10000次。The relevant simulation data of VRB in this embodiment is obtained based on the document "U.S. department of energy. "Energy storage technology and cost characterization report", 2019." In this embodiment, the rated charge and discharge power of VRB is 10MW, the energy storage capacity is 40MWh, the power adjustment range is 20-100%, the construction investment cost per unit capacity and power output is 2597/kWh and 1394 yuan/kW respectively, and the cycle life is 10,000 times.
该实施例中锂电池的相关仿真数据也基于文献“U.S.department of energy.“Energy storage technology and cost characterization report”,2019.”获得。该实施例中，锂电池的额定充放电功率为10MW，储能容量为20MWh，最大每日循环次数需要确保其为期5年的使用寿命。实施例中锂电池的功率调节范围为0-100％，系统往返效率为86％，单位容量以及功率输出的建设投资成本分别为1249元/kWh和1394元/kW时。实施例中锂电池在100％DOD条件下的寿命周期为2196次，基于该数据使用指数函数对不同DOD条件下锂电池的实际寿命损耗进行估计。The relevant simulation data of the lithium battery in this embodiment is also obtained based on the document "U.S. department of energy. "Energy storage technology and cost characterization report", 2019." In this embodiment, the rated charge and discharge power of the lithium battery is 10MW, the energy storage capacity is 20MWh, and the maximum daily cycle number is required to ensure its service life of 5 years. The power adjustment range of the lithium battery in the embodiment is 0-100%, the round-trip efficiency of the system is 86%, and the construction investment costs per unit capacity and power output are 1249 yuan/kWh and 1394 yuan/kW respectively. The life cycle of the lithium battery in the embodiment under 100% DOD conditions is 2196 times. Based on this data, an exponential function is used to estimate the actual life loss of the lithium battery under different DOD conditions.
该实施例中储能运营商服务于工业园区型的调峰、调频、弃风弃光回收以及风光预测误差补偿等辅助服务应用需求，工业全员的其最大负荷为104.9MW，负荷峰谷差为27.88MW。In this embodiment, the energy storage operator serves the needs of industrial park-type peak load regulation, frequency regulation, wind and solar power recovery, and wind and solar power prediction error compensation and other auxiliary service applications. The maximum load of all industrial employees is 104.9MW, and the peak-to-valley load difference is 27.88MW.
该实施例基于中国蒙西地区的实际电力系统数据进行运行模拟，相关数据来源于文献“N.Zhang,X.Lu,M.B.Mcelroy,et al.“Reducing curtailment of wind electricityin China by employing electric boilers for heat and pumped hydro for energystorage.”Applied Energy,vol.184,pp.987-994,2016.”。实施例的仿真时限为日前24小时，风电及光伏的出力情况基于名为GOPT的仿真平台获得。单日风电及光伏的出力峰值分别为1829.8MWh和222.9MWh。This embodiment is based on the actual power system data in the western part of Inner Mongolia, China for operation simulation. The relevant data comes from the document "N. Zhang, X. Lu, M. B. Mcelroy, et al. "Reducing curtailment of wind electricity in China by employing electric boilers for heat and pumped hydro for energy storage." Applied Energy, vol. 184, pp. 987-994, 2016.". The simulation time limit of the embodiment is 24 hours before the day, and the output of wind power and photovoltaic power is obtained based on a simulation platform called GOPT. The peak output of wind power and photovoltaic power on a single day is 1829.8 MWh and 222.9 MWh respectively.
如图1所示，是本公开实施例中一种多类型储能通用建模方法整体流程图。基于本公开中提出的第一步多类型储能通用技术特性调度建模、第二步多类型储能差异化技术特性调度建模以及第三步模型线性化，可以求得面向调峰、调频、弃风弃光回收以及风光预测误差补偿等多类型辅助服务的储能系统通用调度模型。As shown in Figure 1, it is an overall flow chart of a general modeling method for multi-type energy storage in an embodiment of the present disclosure. Based on the first step of multi-type energy storage general technical characteristics scheduling modeling, the second step of multi-type energy storage differentiated technical characteristics scheduling modeling and the third step of model linearization proposed in the present disclosure, a general scheduling model of energy storage system for multi-type auxiliary services such as peak regulation, frequency regulation, wind and solar power recovery and wind and solar power forecast error compensation can be obtained.
如图2所示，是基于本公开实施例所求解的多类型储能系统出力结果示意图。基于前述实施例参数设定及IBM ILOG CPLEX Optimizer 12.6.3商业求解软件对所建立的储能通用调度模型进行求解，获得如图2所示的储能系统出力结果。图2中曲线分别为在本公开实施例中A-CAES、VRB及锂电池的充放电曲线，不同图例图案对应储能系统用于不同具体应用的充电或放电电量。需要说明，本公开实施例使用IBM ILOG CPLEX Optimizer 12.6.3商业求解软件完成求解，辅助说明本公开的有效性，但并不用于限定本公开模型的求解方法，市面上其他成熟的混合整数线性规划问题商业求解软件均可实现本公开所建立模型的求解。As shown in Figure 2, it is a schematic diagram of the output results of multiple types of energy storage systems solved based on the embodiment of the present disclosure. Based on the parameter settings of the aforementioned embodiment and the IBM ILOG CPLEX Optimizer 12.6.3 commercial solution software, the established energy storage general scheduling model is solved to obtain the output results of the energy storage system shown in Figure 2. The curves in Figure 2 are respectively the charge and discharge curves of A-CAES, VRB and lithium battery in the embodiment of the present disclosure. Different legend patterns correspond to the charging or discharging power of the energy storage system for different specific applications. It should be noted that the embodiment of the present disclosure uses the IBM ILOG CPLEX Optimizer 12.6.3 commercial solution software to complete the solution, which assists in illustrating the effectiveness of the present disclosure, but is not used to limit the solution method of the model of the present disclosure. Other mature commercial solution software for mixed integer linear programming problems on the market can achieve the solution of the model established by the present disclosure.
在本公开实施例中，A-CAES主要服务于系统调峰以及弃风弃光回收。由于系统调峰及弃风弃光回收服务对于储能系统功率调节速率等动态调节性能的要求不高，因此A-CAES的功率输出曲线较为平稳。同时，A-CAES的充放电功率在大部分时间都达到了额定功率，在此条件下，A-CAES可以将其循环效率维持在相对更高的水平，使得A-CAES在调峰和弃风弃光回收等能量型辅助服务中具备更优良的能量转换效率以及经济性。In the disclosed embodiment, A-CAES mainly serves the system peak shaving and wind and solar power abandonment recovery. Since the system peak shaving and wind and solar power abandonment recovery services do not have high requirements for the dynamic regulation performance of the energy storage system such as the power regulation rate, the power output curve of A-CAES is relatively stable. At the same time, the charging and discharging power of A-CAES reaches the rated power most of the time. Under this condition, A-CAES can maintain its cycle efficiency at a relatively higher level, so that A-CAES has better energy conversion efficiency and economy in energy-type auxiliary services such as peak shaving and wind and solar power abandonment recovery.
相较A-CAES而言，VRB的功率输出具备更强的波动性，但对照A-CAES和VRB的充放电计划可知，二者的整体充放电趋势基本类似。根据调度结果可知，VRB在储能运营商的日前调度计划中是一类主要的备用电源，其40％的容量为调频辅助服务进行了保留。即便如此，VRB仍能保持较高的循环效率，并有效、经济地提供调峰和弃风弃光回收的服务。Compared with A-CAES, VRB's power output has stronger volatility, but comparing the charging and discharging plans of A-CAES and VRB, it can be seen that the overall charging and discharging trends of the two are basically similar. According to the dispatch results, VRB is a major backup power source in the day-ahead dispatch plan of energy storage operators, and 40% of its capacity is reserved for frequency regulation auxiliary services. Even so, VRB can still maintain a high cycle efficiency and effectively and economically provide peak load regulation and wind and solar power recovery services.
在实施例所采用的三种储能设施中，锂电池的充放电功率的波动性最为明显。虽然其充放电计划与A-CAES和VRB显著不同，但仍能在部分调度时段辨明一些类似的充放电趋势。例如在负荷及电价的高峰时段即11:00～12:00，实施例中的三种储能系统均主要应用于系统调峰。考虑到实施例所采用的三种储能设施中，锂电池在调频辅助服务市场上具有最优的增益系数和最宽的功率调节范围(0～100％)，其将承担系统主要的调频备用服务任务，特别的，在实施例所求解的调度结果中，锂电池的有超过50％的容量被用作调频备用。此外，锂电池的循环效率相对稳定，这也使得其更适应于运行在非额定工况，以为系统提供调频备用服务。Among the three energy storage facilities adopted in the embodiment, the volatility of the charging and discharging power of lithium batteries is the most obvious. Although its charging and discharging plan is significantly different from that of A-CAES and VRB, some similar charging and discharging trends can still be identified in some scheduling periods. For example, during the peak period of load and electricity price, i.e., 11:00-12:00, the three energy storage systems in the embodiment are mainly used for system peak load regulation. Considering that among the three energy storage facilities adopted in the embodiment, lithium batteries have the best gain coefficient and the widest power adjustment range (0-100%) in the frequency regulation auxiliary service market, they will undertake the main frequency regulation standby service tasks of the system. In particular, in the scheduling results solved by the embodiment, more than 50% of the capacity of lithium batteries is used as frequency regulation standby. In addition, the cycle efficiency of lithium batteries is relatively stable, which also makes them more suitable for operating under non-rated conditions to provide frequency regulation standby services for the system.
对图2结果中各从储能系统的优化出力结果可以看出，不同储能设施的出力特性差异明显。基于本公开所提出的储能系统通用建模方法，可以在保证储能系统模型统一性的前提下，有效反映不同储能系统在功率调节范围、运行效率动态变化以及寿命损耗特性等方面的差异性，从而针对性地为不同储能系统分配更适应的调度任务。From the optimized output results of each energy storage system in Figure 2, it can be seen that the output characteristics of different energy storage facilities are significantly different. Based on the general modeling method of energy storage system proposed in this disclosure, it is possible to effectively reflect the differences in power regulation range, dynamic changes in operating efficiency, and life loss characteristics of different energy storage systems while ensuring the uniformity of the energy storage system model, thereby allocating more suitable scheduling tasks to different energy storage systems in a targeted manner.
为了实现上述实施例，本公开第二方面实施例提出一种多类型储能通用建模装置，包括：In order to implement the above embodiment, the second aspect of the present disclosure provides a general modeling device for multiple types of energy storage, including:
通用技术经济特性的调度模型构建模块，用于建立描述多类型储能系统通用技术经济特性的调度模型；A dispatch model construction module for general technical and economic characteristics, which is used to establish a dispatch model that describes the general technical and economic characteristics of multiple types of energy storage systems;
差异化技术经济特性调度模型构建模块，用于建立描述多类型储能系统差异化技术经济特性的调度模型，利用所述描述多类型储能系统差异化技术经济特性的调度模型对所述描述多类型储能系统通用技术经济特性的调度模型进行参数计算与修正，得到修正后的描述多类型储能系统通用技术经济特性的调度模型；A differentiated technical and economic characteristics scheduling model construction module is used to establish a scheduling model that describes the differentiated technical and economic characteristics of multiple types of energy storage systems, and use the scheduling model that describes the differentiated technical and economic characteristics of multiple types of energy storage systems to calculate and correct the parameters of the scheduling model that describes the general technical and economic characteristics of multiple types of energy storage systems, so as to obtain a corrected scheduling model that describes the general technical and economic characteristics of multiple types of energy storage systems;
线性化模块，用于对所述修正后的描述多类型储能系统通用技术经济特性的调度模型进行线性化，得到多类型储能通用模型。The linearization module is used to linearize the modified dispatching model describing the general technical and economic characteristics of the multi-type energy storage system to obtain a general model of the multi-type energy storage.
为了实现上述实施例，本公开第三方面实施例提出一种电子设备，包括：In order to implement the above embodiment, the third aspect of the present disclosure provides an electronic device, including:
至少一个处理器；以及，与所述至少一个处理器通信连接的存储器；at least one processor; and a memory communicatively coupled to the at least one processor;
其中，所述存储器存储有可被所述至少一个处理器执行的指令，所述指令被设置为用于执行上述一种多类型储能通用建模方法。The memory stores instructions executable by the at least one processor, and the instructions are configured to execute the above-mentioned general modeling method for multiple types of energy storage.
为了实现上述实施例，本公开第四方面实施例提出一种计算机可读存储介质，所述计算机可读存储介质存储计算机指令，所述计算机指令用于使所述计算机执行上述一种多类型储能通用建模方法。In order to implement the above-mentioned embodiment, the fourth aspect of the present disclosure proposes a computer-readable storage medium, wherein the computer-readable storage medium stores computer instructions, and the computer instructions are used to enable the computer to execute the above-mentioned general modeling method for multiple types of energy storage.
需要说明的是，本公开上述的计算机可读介质可以是计算机可读信号介质或者计算机可读存储介质或者是上述两者的任意组合。计算机可读存储介质例如可以是——但不限于——电、磁、光、电磁、红外线、或半导体的系统、装置或器件，或者任意以上的组合。计算机可读存储介质的更具体的例子可以包括但不限于：具有一个或多个导线的电连接、便携式计算机磁盘、硬盘、随机访问存储器(RAM)、只读存储器(ROM)、可擦式可编程只读存储器(EPROM或闪存)、光纤、便携式紧凑磁盘只读存储器(CD-ROM)、光存储器件、磁存储器件、或者上述的任意合适的组合。在本公开中，计算机可读存储介质可以是任何包含或存储程序的有形介质，该程序可以被指令执行系统、装置或者器件使用或者与其结合使用。而在本公开中，计算机可读信号介质可以包括在基带中或者作为载波一部分传播的数据信号，其中承载了计算机可读的程序代码。这种传播的数据信号可以采用多种形式，包括但不限于电磁信号、光信号或上述的任意合适的组合。计算机可读信号介质还可以是计算机可读存储介质以外的任何计算机可读介质，该计算机可读信号介质可以发送、传播或者传输用于由指令执行系统、装置或者器件使用或者与其结合使用的程序。计算机可读介质上包含的程序代码可以用任何适当的介质传输，包括但不限于：电线、光缆、RF(射频)等等，或者上述的任意合适的组合。It should be noted that the computer-readable medium disclosed above may be a computer-readable signal medium or a computer-readable storage medium or any combination of the above two. The computer-readable storage medium may be, for example, but not limited to, an electrical, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, or semiconductor system, device or device, or any combination of the above. More specific examples of computer-readable storage media may include, but are not limited to: an electrical connection with one or more wires, a portable computer disk, a hard disk, a random access memory (RAM), a read-only memory (ROM), an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or flash memory), an optical fiber, a portable compact disk read-only memory (CD-ROM), an optical storage device, a magnetic storage device, or any suitable combination of the above. In the present disclosure, a computer-readable storage medium may be any tangible medium containing or storing a program that may be used by or in combination with an instruction execution system, device or device. In the present disclosure, a computer-readable signal medium may include a data signal propagated in a baseband or as part of a carrier wave, in which a computer-readable program code is carried. This propagated data signal may take a variety of forms, including but not limited to an electromagnetic signal, an optical signal, or any suitable combination of the above. The computer readable signal medium may also be any computer readable medium other than a computer readable storage medium, which may send, propagate or transmit a program for use by or in conjunction with an instruction execution system, apparatus or device. The program code contained on the computer readable medium may be transmitted using any suitable medium, including but not limited to: wires, optical cables, RF (radio frequency), etc., or any suitable combination of the above.
上述计算机可读介质可以是上述电子设备中所包含的；也可以是单独存在，而未装配入该电子设备中。上述计算机可读介质承载有一个或者多个程序，当上述一个或者多个程序被该电子设备执行时，使得该电子设备执行上述实施例的一种多类型储能通用建模方法。The computer-readable medium may be included in the electronic device, or may exist independently without being installed in the electronic device. The computer-readable medium carries one or more programs, and when the one or more programs are executed by the electronic device, the electronic device executes a general modeling method for multiple types of energy storage in the above embodiment.
可以以一种或多种程序设计语言或其组合来编写用于执行本公开的操作的计算机程序代码，上述程序设计语言包括面向对象的程序设计语言—诸如Java、Smalltalk、C++，还包括常规的过程式程序设计语言—诸如“C”语言或类似的程序设计语言。程序代码可以完全地在用户计算机上执行、部分地在用户计算机上执行、作为一个独立的软件包执行、部分在用户计算机上部分在远程计算机上执行、或者完全在远程计算机或服务器上执行。在涉及远程计算机的情形中，远程计算机可以通过任意种类的网络——包括局域网(LAN)或广域网(WAN)—连接到用户计算机，或者，可以连接到外部计算机(例如利用因特网服务提供商来通过因特网连接)。Computer program code for performing the operations of the present disclosure may be written in one or more programming languages, or a combination thereof, including object-oriented programming languages, such as Java, Smalltalk, C++, and conventional procedural programming languages, such as "C" or similar programming languages. The program code may be executed entirely on the user's computer, partially on the user's computer, as a separate software package, partially on the user's computer and partially on a remote computer, or entirely on a remote computer or server. In cases involving a remote computer, the remote computer may be connected to the user's computer through any type of network, including a local area network (LAN) or a wide area network (WAN), or may be connected to an external computer (e.g., through the Internet using an Internet service provider).
在本说明书的描述中，参考术语“一个实施例”、“一些实施例”、“示例”、“具体示例”、或“一些示例”等的描述意指结合该实施例或示例描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点包含于本申请的至少一个实施例或示例中。在本说明书中，对上述术语的示意性表述不必须针对的是相同的实施例或示例。而且，描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点可以在任一个或多个实施例或示例中以合适的方式结合。此外，在不相互矛盾的情况下，本领域的技术人员可以将本说明书中描述的不同实施例或示例以及不同实施例或示例的特征进行结合和组合。In the description of this specification, the description with reference to the terms "one embodiment", "some embodiments", "example", "specific example", or "some examples" etc. means that the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present application. In this specification, the schematic representations of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described may be combined in any one or more embodiments or examples in a suitable manner. In addition, those skilled in the art may combine and combine the different embodiments or examples described in this specification and the features of the different embodiments or examples, without contradiction.
此外，术语“第一”、“第二”仅用于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性或者隐含指明所指示的技术特征的数量。由此，限定有“第一”、“第二”的特征可以明示或者隐含地包括至少一个该特征。在本申请的描述中，“多个”的含义是至少两个，例如两个，三个等，除非另有明确具体的限定。In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the indicated technical features. Therefore, the features defined as "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of the features. In the description of this application, the meaning of "plurality" is at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise clearly and specifically defined.
流程图中或在此以其他方式描述的任何过程或方法描述可以被理解为，表示包括一个或更多个用于实现特定逻辑功能或过程的步骤的可执行指令的代码的模块、片段或部分，并且本申请的优选实施方式的范围包括另外的实现，其中可以不按所示出或讨论的顺序，包括根据所涉及的功能按基本同时的方式或按相反的顺序，来执行功能，这应被本申请的实施例所属技术领域的技术人员所理解。Any process or method description in a flowchart or otherwise described herein may be understood to represent a module, segment or portion of code that includes one or more executable instructions for implementing the steps of a specific logical function or process, and the scope of the preferred embodiments of the present application includes alternative implementations in which functions may not be performed in the order shown or discussed, including performing functions in a substantially simultaneous manner or in the reverse order depending on the functions involved, which should be understood by technicians in the technical field to which the embodiments of the present application belong.
在流程图中表示或在此以其他方式描述的逻辑和/或步骤，例如，可以被认为是用于实现逻辑功能的可执行指令的定序列表，可以具体实现在任何计算机可读介质中，以供指令执行系统、装置或设备(如基于计算机的系统、包括处理器的系统或其他可以从指令执行系统、装置或设备取指令并执行指令的系统)使用，或结合这些指令执行系统、装置或设备而使用。就本说明书而言，"计算机可读介质"可以是任何可以包含、存储、通信、传播或传输程序以供指令执行系统、装置或设备或结合这些指令执行系统、装置或设备而使用的装置。计算机可读介质的更具体的示例(非穷尽性列表)包括以下：具有一个或多个布线的电连接部(电子装置)，便携式计算机盘盒(磁装置)，随机存取存储器(RAM)，只读存储器(ROM)，可擦除可编辑只读存储器(EPROM或闪速存储器)，光纤装置，以及便携式光盘只读存储器(CDROM)。另外，计算机可读介质甚至可以是可在其上打印程序的纸或其他合适的介质，因为可以例如通过对纸或其他介质进行光学扫描，接着进行编辑、解译或必要时以其他合适方式进行处理来以电子方式获得程序，然后将其存储在计算机存储器中。The logic and/or steps represented in the flowchart or otherwise described herein, for example, can be considered as an ordered list of executable instructions for implementing logical functions, and can be embodied in any computer-readable medium for use by an instruction execution system, device or apparatus (such as a computer-based system, a system including a processor, or other system that can fetch instructions from an instruction execution system, device or apparatus and execute instructions), or in combination with these instruction execution systems, devices or apparatuses. For the purpose of this specification, "computer-readable medium" can be any device that can contain, store, communicate, propagate or transmit a program for use by an instruction execution system, device or apparatus, or in combination with these instruction execution systems, devices or apparatuses. More specific examples of computer-readable media (a non-exhaustive list) include the following: an electrical connection with one or more wires (electronic device), a portable computer disk box (magnetic device), a random access memory (RAM), a read-only memory (ROM), an erasable and programmable read-only memory (EPROM or flash memory), a fiber optic device, and a portable compact disk read-only memory (CDROM). In addition, the computer-readable medium may even be paper or other suitable medium on which the program is printed, since the program may be obtained electronically, for example, by optically scanning the paper or other medium and then editing, interpreting or otherwise processing in a suitable manner if necessary, and then stored in a computer memory.
应当理解，本申请的各部分可以用硬件、软件、固件或它们的组合来实现。在上述实施方式中，多个步骤或方法可以用存储在存储器中且由合适的指令执行系统执行的软件或固件来实现。例如，如果用硬件来实现，和在另一实施方式中一样，可用本领域公知的下列技术中的任一项或他们的组合来实现：具有用于对数据信号实现逻辑功能的逻辑门电路的离散逻辑电路，具有合适的组合逻辑门电路的专用集成电路，可编程门阵列(PGA)，现场可编程门阵列(FPGA)等。It should be understood that the various parts of the present application can be implemented by hardware, software, firmware or a combination thereof. In the above-mentioned embodiments, multiple steps or methods can be implemented by software or firmware stored in a memory and executed by a suitable instruction execution system. For example, if implemented by hardware, as in another embodiment, it can be implemented by any one of the following technologies known in the art or their combination: a discrete logic circuit having a logic gate circuit for implementing a logic function for a data signal, a dedicated integrated circuit having a suitable combination of logic gate circuits, a programmable gate array (PGA), a field programmable gate array (FPGA), etc.
本技术领域的普通技术人员可以理解实现上述实施例方法携带的全部或部分步骤是可以通过程序来指令相关的硬件完成，的程序可以存储于一种计算机可读存储介质中，该程序在执行时，包括方法实施例的步骤之一或其组合。A person skilled in the art may understand that all or part of the steps in the method for implementing the above-mentioned embodiment may be completed by instructing related hardware through a program, and the program may be stored in a computer-readable storage medium, which, when executed, includes one or a combination of the steps of the method embodiment.
此外，在本申请各个实施例中的各功能单元可以集成在一个处理模块中，也可以是各个单元单独物理存在，也可以两个或两个以上单元集成在一个模块中。上述集成的模块既可以采用硬件的形式实现，也可以采用软件功能模块的形式实现。集成的模块如果以软件功能模块的形式实现并作为独立的产品销售或使用时，也可以存储在一个计算机可读取存储介质中。In addition, each functional unit in each embodiment of the present application may be integrated into a processing module, or each unit may exist physically separately, or two or more units may be integrated into one module. The above-mentioned integrated module may be implemented in the form of hardware or in the form of a software functional module. If the integrated module is implemented in the form of a software functional module and sold or used as an independent product, it may also be stored in a computer-readable storage medium.
上述提到的存储介质可以是只读存储器，磁盘或光盘等。尽管上面已经示出和描述了本申请的实施例，可以理解的是，上述实施例是示例性的，不能理解为对本申请的限制，本领域的普通技术人员在本申请的范围内可以对上述实施例进行变化、修改、替换和变型。The storage medium mentioned above may be a read-only memory, a disk or an optical disk, etc. Although the embodiments of the present application have been shown and described above, it can be understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and cannot be understood as limiting the present application. A person of ordinary skill in the art may change, modify, replace and modify the above embodiments within the scope of the present application.
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| CN202111186447.9ACN114004064B (en) | 2021-10-12 | 2021-10-12 | General modeling method, device, electronic device and storage medium for multi-type energy storage |
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| CN111860965A (en)* | 2020-06-24 | 2020-10-30 | 东南大学 | Optimal scheduling method of user integrated energy system considering multiple types of energy storage services |
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