技术领域Technical Field
本申请涉及大功率电力电子变流技术领域，具体涉及一种有源型模块化换流器试验系统及控制方法。The present application relates to the technical field of high-power electronic conversion, and in particular to an active modular converter test system and a control method.
背景技术Background technique
在大容量大功率电力电子变流技术领域，多电平换流器利用模块化级联技术，将储能单元集成在子模块中，具有模块化程度高、谐波特性好、等效开关频率低等优势，目前已成为高压电力电子领域的标准拓扑。通过将储能单元作为子模块集成在模块化多电平换流器中，可以同时实现交直流功率转换和能量储存。In the field of large-capacity and high-power power electronic conversion technology, multilevel converters use modular cascade technology to integrate energy storage units into sub-modules. They have the advantages of high modularity, good harmonic characteristics, and low equivalent switching frequency. They have become the standard topology in the field of high-voltage power electronics. By integrating energy storage units as sub-modules in modular multilevel converters, AC/DC power conversion and energy storage can be achieved simultaneously.
由此诞生的有源型模块化换流器是一种能够有效满足储能系统接入要求、缓解或者隔离交直流系统间故障传播的可行方案。有源型模块化换流器由于集成了储能单元，在对其进行试验时，不但要能够验证功率单元还需要验证储能单元是否能够正常工作，而对于储能单元需要进行充放电控制，并具有持续的能量来源或能量释放途径；另一方面，在试验开始前，让装置启动的前提是子模块的控制单元能够取到能，在应用于实际系统中时，可以通过电网电源通过充电回路为子模块直流电容供能，这种方式取能代价较大，在厂内试验时不容易构建该回路；总体来说，现有技术缺乏一种使试验系统能够完整复现设备真实工况的低成本试验方案。The active modular converter thus born is a feasible solution that can effectively meet the access requirements of the energy storage system and alleviate or isolate the propagation of faults between AC and DC systems. Since the active modular converter integrates the energy storage unit, when testing it, it is necessary not only to verify the power unit but also to verify whether the energy storage unit can work normally. The energy storage unit needs to be charged and discharged and have a continuous energy source or energy release path. On the other hand, before the test begins, the premise for starting the device is that the control unit of the submodule can obtain energy. When applied to the actual system, the DC capacitor of the submodule can be powered by the grid power supply through the charging circuit. This method has a high cost for energy acquisition, and it is not easy to build the circuit during the factory test. In general, the existing technology lacks a low-cost test solution that enables the test system to fully reproduce the actual working conditions of the equipment.
发明内容Summary of the invention
本申请的目的是，提供一种有源型模块化换流器试验系统以及控制方法，以同时对功率单元及储能单元的设备真实工况均能进行验证且成本较低。The purpose of the present application is to provide an active modular converter test system and control method, so as to verify the actual working conditions of the power unit and the energy storage unit at the same time with low cost.
为了达成上述目的，本申请采用了方案：In order to achieve the above objectives, this application adopts the following scheme:
一方面，本申请提出了一种有源型模块化换流器试验系统，包括：On the one hand, the present application proposes an active modular converter test system, comprising:
电抗器；Reactor;
外部交流电源；External AC power supply;
两个换流链，其中第一换流链一端经所述电抗器与第二换流链的一端连接，连接点定义为第一连接点，两个换流链的另一端直接连接，连接点定义为第二连接点；第一、二连接点分别连接至所述外部交流电源两端；Two commutation chains, wherein one end of the first commutation chain is connected to one end of the second commutation chain via the reactor, the connection point is defined as a first connection point, and the other ends of the two commutation chains are directly connected, the connection point is defined as a second connection point; the first and second connection points are respectively connected to two ends of the external AC power supply;
所述第一、二换流链均包括至少一个子模块；The first and second commutation chains each include at least one submodule;
所述子模块包括储能单元、功率单元与子模块控制单元；The submodule includes an energy storage unit, a power unit and a submodule control unit;
所述功率单元包括由直流电容和四个功率半导体开关器件构成的全桥电路；所述功率单元的直流侧连接所述储能单元，所述功率单元的交流侧并联一个旁路开关；所述子模块控制单元从直流电容取能；所述储能单元为电池或超级电容。The power unit includes a full-bridge circuit consisting of a DC capacitor and four power semiconductor switching devices; the DC side of the power unit is connected to the energy storage unit, and a bypass switch is connected in parallel to the AC side of the power unit; the submodule control unit draws energy from the DC capacitor; and the energy storage unit is a battery or a supercapacitor.
优选的方案中，所述外部交流电源电压、频率可调。In a preferred solution, the voltage and frequency of the external AC power supply are adjustable.
优选的方案中，所述储能单元与功率单元之间还连接滤波单元或DC/DC变换器，所述DC/DC变换器为隔离型或非隔离型。In a preferred solution, a filter unit or a DC/DC converter is further connected between the energy storage unit and the power unit, and the DC/DC converter is an isolated type or a non-isolated type.
另一方面，本申请提出了上述换流器试验系统的控制方法，所述试验系统工作于充电供能模式、功率控制模式或者故障旁路模式下；其中：On the other hand, the present application proposes a control method for the above-mentioned converter test system, wherein the test system operates in a charging power supply mode, a power control mode or a fault bypass mode; wherein:
所述充电供能模式：用于启动外部交流电源为第一、二换流链直流电容充电；The charging power supply mode is used to start the external AC power supply to charge the first and second commutation chain DC capacitors;
所述功率控制模式：用于通过第一换流链控制交流输出电压、第二换流链控制交流电流，实现对两个换流链之间传递的有功功率和/或无功功率控制；所述交流输出电压指第一、二连接点之间的电压，所述交流电流指流过电抗器的电流；The power control mode is used to control the AC output voltage through the first commutation chain and the AC current through the second commutation chain, so as to control the active power and/or reactive power transmitted between the two commutation chains; the AC output voltage refers to the voltage between the first and second connection points, and the AC current refers to the current flowing through the reactor;
所述故障旁路模式：用于当任意一个子模块发生故障时，闭锁子模块功率单元，闭合旁路开关。The fault bypass mode is used to lock the submodule power unit and close the bypass switch when any submodule fails.
优选的方案中，所述充电供能模式包括如下步骤：In a preferred solution, the charging energy supply mode includes the following steps:
步骤11：启动所述外部交流电源，控制交流输出电压由0提升至试验充电电压；Step 11: Start the external AC power supply and control the AC output voltage to increase from 0 to the test charging voltage;
步骤12：通过第一、二换流链功率单元中功率半导体器件的反并联二极管为直流电容充电，子模块控制单元上电；Step 12: charging the DC capacitor through the anti-parallel diodes of the power semiconductor devices in the first and second commutation chain power units, and powering on the submodule control unit;
步骤13：充电完毕后，关闭所述外部交流电源。Step 13: After charging is complete, turn off the external AC power supply.
优选的方案中，所述功率控制模式包括如下步骤：In a preferred solution, the power control mode includes the following steps:
步骤21：启动第一换流链功率单元，控制交流输出电压升高至试验电压值；Step 21: Start the first commutation chain power unit and control the AC output voltage to increase to a test voltage value;
步骤22：启动第二换流链功率单元，通过控制交流输出电压的幅值和相位，在二个换流链之间产生电压差，间接调节输出的交流电流，控制有功功率和/或无功功率；Step 22: starting the second commutation chain power unit, generating a voltage difference between the two commutation chains by controlling the amplitude and phase of the AC output voltage, indirectly adjusting the output AC current, and controlling the active power and/or reactive power;
步骤23：第二换流链功率单元控制电流值上升到试验电流目标值，稳定运行后监视系统是否正常工作。Step 23: The second commutation chain power unit controls the current value to rise to the test current target value, and monitors whether the system operates normally after stable operation.
优选的方案中，当以控制有功功率目标时，其中一个换流链中储能单元与另一个换流链中储能单元的充放电状态互补，间隔预设时间控制两个换流阀的有功功率流向反向以互换充放电状态，使两个换流链储能单元的荷电状态均衡。In a preferred solution, when the active power target is controlled, the charge and discharge states of the energy storage units in one commutation chain are complementary to those in another commutation chain, and the active power flows of the two commutation valves are controlled in the opposite direction at a preset interval to interchange the charge and discharge states, so that the charge states of the energy storage units in the two commutation chains are balanced.
优选的方案中，当以控制有功功率目标时，所述控制方法还包括控制储能单元荷电状态SOC均衡，具体包括如下步骤：In a preferred solution, when the active power target is controlled, the control method further includes controlling the SOC balance of the energy storage unit, specifically including the following steps:
步骤31：子模块控制单元接受由储能单元上送的SOC；Step 31: The submodule control unit receives the SOC sent by the energy storage unit;
步骤32：计算单个换流链的平均SOC；Step 32: Calculate the average SOC of a single commutation chain;
步骤33：每个子模块的SOC误差信号经过闭环调节修正控制指令；Step 33: The SOC error signal of each submodule is adjusted through closed loop to correct the control instruction;
步骤34：循环执行步骤31-33，维持各个子模块储能单元的SOC均衡。Step 34: Execute steps 31-33 in a loop to maintain the SOC balance of the energy storage units of each submodule.
优选的方案中，当检测到任意一个换流链中存在子模块SOC达到临界值时，首先判断子模块储能单元是否异常，如存在异常则闭合旁路开关，如无异常，控制两个换流阀的有功功率流向反向以互换充放电状态。In the preferred scheme, when it is detected that the SOC of a sub-module in any commutation chain reaches a critical value, it is first determined whether the sub-module energy storage unit is abnormal. If there is an abnormality, the bypass switch is closed. If there is no abnormality, the active power flow of the two commutation valves is controlled in the reverse direction to interchange the charging and discharging states.
优选的方案中，所述故障旁路模式下，当任意一个换流链中旁路的子模块数量超过允许值之后，试验系统停止运行。In a preferred solution, in the fault bypass mode, when the number of bypassed submodules in any commutation chain exceeds an allowed value, the test system stops running.
有益效果：Beneficial effects:
(1)本申请提供了利用两个换流链分别作为试验电源与试验负载的系统和试验方法，该系统中的试验电源控制交流输出电压，试验负载换流链控制交流电流，使两个换流链一个处于充电状态，另一个处于放电状态，间隔一定时间控制两个换流阀的有功功率流向反向，以实现充放电状态互换，使两个换流链储能单元的荷电状态均衡，该方案构造的电流回路经过了子模块的所有元器件，能够模拟现场真实工况，电流幅值和方向完全可控，试验安全可靠。(1) The present application provides a system and a test method using two converter chains as test power sources and test loads respectively. The test power source in the system controls the AC output voltage, and the test load converter chain controls the AC current, so that one of the two converter chains is in a charging state and the other is in a discharging state. The active power flow of the two converter valves is controlled in the opposite direction at a certain interval to achieve the interchange of the charge and discharge states, so that the charge states of the energy storage units of the two converter chains are balanced. The current loop constructed by this scheme passes through all the components of the submodules, can simulate the actual working conditions on site, the current amplitude and direction are fully controllable, and the test is safe and reliable.
(2)本申请提供了为两个换流链供能的方式，利用外部交流电源同时为两个换流链充电，使子模块控制单元带电，在试验完成后断开外部交流电源，不影响后续功率试验，由于该外部电源仅在充电时使用，需求功率较小，方案成本低、可靠性高。(2) The present application provides a method for supplying energy to two converter chains, using an external AC power supply to charge the two converter chains at the same time, so that the submodule control unit is powered. After the test is completed, the external AC power supply is disconnected without affecting subsequent power tests. Since the external power supply is only used during charging, the required power is small, the solution cost is low, and the reliability is high.
附图说明BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
为了更清楚地说明本申请实施例中的技术方案，下面将对实施例描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本申请的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图，而并不超出本申请要求保护的范围。In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application, the drawings required for use in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present application. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without exceeding the scope of protection required by the present application.
图1所示为本申请第一实施例提供的一种有源型模块化换流器试验系统示意图；FIG1 is a schematic diagram of an active modular converter test system provided in the first embodiment of the present application;
图2所示为本申请第二实施例提供的一种有源型模块化换流器试验系统示意图；FIG2 is a schematic diagram of an active modular converter test system provided in a second embodiment of the present application;
图3所示为滤波单元示意图；FIG3 is a schematic diagram of a filter unit;
图4所示为本申请第三实施例提供的一种有源型模块化换流器试验系统示意图；FIG4 is a schematic diagram of an active modular converter test system provided in the third embodiment of the present application;
图5所示为DC/DC变换器示意图；FIG5 is a schematic diagram of a DC/DC converter;
图6所示为充电供能模式的流程示意图；FIG6 is a schematic diagram showing a flow chart of a charging energy supply mode;
图7所示为功率控制模式的流程示意图；FIG7 is a schematic diagram showing a flow chart of a power control mode;
图8所示为储能单元荷电状态SOC均衡控制的流程示意图。FIG8 is a schematic diagram of the flow chart of the SOC balancing control of the energy storage unit.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面将结合本申请实施例中的附图，对本申请实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例是本申请一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本申请中的实施例，本领域技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本申请保护的范围。The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present application to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present application, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present application.
应理解，虽然本文中可能使用术语第一、第二等来描述各种组件，但这些组件不应受这些术语限制。这些术语乃用以区分一组件与另一组件。因此，下文论述的第一组件可称为第二组件而不偏离本申请概念的教示。如本文中所使用，术语“及/或”包括相关联的列出项目中的任一个及一或多者的所有组合。It should be understood that although the terms first, second, etc. may be used herein to describe various components, these components should not be limited by these terms. These terms are used to distinguish one component from another component. Therefore, the first component discussed below can be referred to as the second component without departing from the teachings of the concepts of the present application. As used herein, the term "and/or" includes any one of the associated listed items and all combinations of one or more.
本领域技术人员可以理解，附图只是示例实施例的示意图，可能不是按比例的。附图中的模块或流程并不一定是实施本申请所必须的，因此不能用于限制本申请的保护范围。Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the drawings are only schematic diagrams of example embodiments and may not be to scale. The modules or processes in the drawings are not necessarily required to implement the present application and therefore cannot be used to limit the scope of protection of the present application.
如图1所示本实施例提供一种有源型模块化换流器试验系统，其中试验系统包括，电抗器、外部交流电源和两个换流链。两个换流链分别为第一换流链和第二换流链，其中第一换流链一端经电抗器与第二换流链的一端连接，连接点定义为第一连接点，两个换流链的另一端直接连接，连接点定义为第二连接点；第一、二连接点分别连接至外部交流电源的两端。第一、二换流链均包括至少一个子模块1。每个子模块1包括储能单元2、功率单元3与子模块控制单元。As shown in FIG1 , this embodiment provides an active modular converter test system, wherein the test system includes a reactor, an external AC power supply and two commutation chains. The two commutation chains are respectively a first commutation chain and a second commutation chain, wherein one end of the first commutation chain is connected to one end of the second commutation chain via a reactor, and the connection point is defined as a first connection point, and the other ends of the two commutation chains are directly connected, and the connection point is defined as a second connection point; the first and second connection points are respectively connected to the two ends of the external AC power supply. The first and second commutation chains each include at least one submodule 1. Each submodule 1 includes an energy storage unit 2, a power unit 3 and a submodule control unit.
功率单元3包括直流电容和四个功率半导体开关器件构成的全桥电路；功率单元3的直流侧连接储能单元，功率单元3的交流侧并联一个旁路开关4；所述子模块控制单元从直流电容取能。如图1所示。The power unit 3 includes a full-bridge circuit consisting of a DC capacitor and four power semiconductor switch devices; the DC side of the power unit 3 is connected to the energy storage unit, and the AC side of the power unit 3 is connected in parallel with a bypass switch 4; the submodule control unit obtains energy from the DC capacitor, as shown in FIG1 .
其中，所述外部交流电源电压、频率可调。在本实施例中外部交流电源可调节电压范围为0-10kV，频率调节范围为10-400Hz。正常工况下调节额定输出电压6kV/50Hz。The voltage and frequency of the external AC power supply are adjustable. In this embodiment, the adjustable voltage range of the external AC power supply is 0-10kV, and the frequency adjustment range is 10-400Hz. Under normal working conditions, the rated output voltage is adjusted to 6kV/50Hz.
一些实施例中，所述储能单元为电池或超级电容。In some embodiments, the energy storage unit is a battery or a supercapacitor.
如图2所示，一些实施例中储能单元与功率单元之间还连接滤波单元。如图3所示采用电抗器作为滤波单元。As shown in Fig. 2, in some embodiments, a filter unit is further connected between the energy storage unit and the power unit. As shown in Fig. 3, a reactor is used as the filter unit.
如图4所示，一些实施例中或所述储能单元与功率单元之间还连接DC/DC变换器，所述DC/DC变换器可以为隔离型或非隔离型。如图5所示为DC/DC变换器结构示意图。As shown in Figure 4, in some embodiments, a DC/DC converter is further connected between the energy storage unit and the power unit, and the DC/DC converter can be an isolated type or a non-isolated type. Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the DC/DC converter structure.
本申请实施例提供了上述换流器试验系统的控制方法，试验系统工作于充电供能模式、功率控制模式或者故障旁路模式下；其中：The embodiment of the present application provides a control method for the above-mentioned converter test system, wherein the test system operates in a charging power supply mode, a power control mode or a fault bypass mode; wherein:
充电供能模式：用于启动外部交流电源为第一、二换流链直流电容充电；Charging power supply mode: used to start the external AC power supply to charge the DC capacitors of the first and second commutation chains;
功率控制模式：用于通过第一换流链控制交流输出电压、第二换流链控制交流电流，实现对两个换流链之间传递的有功功率和/或无功功率控制。其中，交流输出电压指第一、二连接点之间的电压，所述交流电流指流过电抗器的电流。Power control mode: used to control the AC output voltage through the first commutation chain and the AC current through the second commutation chain, so as to control the active power and/or reactive power transmitted between the two commutation chains. The AC output voltage refers to the voltage between the first and second connection points, and the AC current refers to the current flowing through the reactor.
故障旁路模式：用于当任意一个子模块发生故障时，闭锁子模块功率单元，闭合旁路开关。Fault bypass mode: used to lock the submodule power unit and close the bypass switch when any submodule fails.
一些实施例中，充电供能模式控制方法如图6所示，包括如下步骤：In some embodiments, the charging power supply mode control method is shown in FIG6 and includes the following steps:
S11：启动外部电源，控制交流输出电压由0提升至试验充电电压；S11: Start the external power supply and control the AC output voltage to increase from 0 to the test charging voltage;
S12：通过第一、二换流链功率单元中功率半导体器件的反并联二极管S12: Through the anti-parallel diodes of the power semiconductor devices in the first and second commutation chain power units
为直流电容充电，子模块控制单元上电；The DC capacitor is charged and the submodule control unit is powered on;
S13：充电完毕后，关闭外部交流电源。S13: After charging is complete, turn off the external AC power supply.
一些实施例中，功率控制模式控制方法如图7所示，包括如下步骤：In some embodiments, the power control mode control method is shown in FIG7 and includes the following steps:
S21：启动第一换流链功率单元，控制交流输出电压升高至试验电压值；S21: starting the first commutation chain power unit and controlling the AC output voltage to increase to a test voltage value;
S22：启动第二换流链功率单元，通过控制交流输出电压的幅值和相位，在二个换流链之间产生电压差，间接调节输出的交流电流，控制有功S22: Start the second commutation chain power unit, and by controlling the amplitude and phase of the AC output voltage, generate a voltage difference between the two commutation chains, indirectly adjust the output AC current, and control the active power.
功率和/或无功功率；Power and/or reactive power;
S23：第二换流链功率单元控制电流值上升到试验电流目标值，稳定运行后监视系统是否正常工作。主要是监视电流是否能够在目标值附近稳定。S23: The second commutation chain power unit controls the current value to rise to the test current target value, and monitors whether the system is operating normally after stable operation. Mainly monitor whether the current can be stable near the target value.
一些实施例中，当以控制有功功率目标时，其中一个换流链中储能单元与另一个换流链中储能单元的充放电状态互补，间隔预设时间控制两个换流阀的有功功率流向反向，以实现充放电状态互换，使两个换流链储能单元的荷电状态均衡。In some embodiments, when the active power target is controlled, the charge and discharge states of the energy storage units in one commutation chain are complementary to those in another commutation chain, and the active power flows of the two commutation valves are controlled in the opposite direction at a preset interval to achieve the interchange of the charge and discharge states and balance the charge states of the energy storage units in the two commutation chains.
一些实施例中，当以控制有功功率目标时，在前述控制方法的基础上还包括控制储能单元荷电状态SOC均衡控制的方法，如图8所示包括如下步骤：In some embodiments, when the active power target is controlled, a method for controlling the state of charge (SOC) balancing of the energy storage unit is further included on the basis of the aforementioned control method, as shown in FIG8 , including the following steps:
S31：子模块控制单元接受由储能单元上送的SOC；S31: The submodule control unit receives the SOC sent by the energy storage unit;
S32：计算单个换流链的平均SOC；S32: Calculate the average SOC of a single commutation chain;
S33：每个子模块的SOC误差信号经过闭环调节修正控制指令；S33: The SOC error signal of each submodule is adjusted through closed loop to correct the control instruction;
S34：循环执行步骤S31-33，维持各个子模块储能单元的SOC均衡。S34: Execute steps S31-33 in a loop to maintain the SOC balance of the energy storage units of each submodule.
一些实施例中，当检测到任意一个换流链中存在子模块SOC达到临界值时，首先判断子模块储能单元是否异常，如存在异常则闭合旁路开关，如无异常，控制两个换流阀的有功功率流向反向，以实现充放电状态互换。In some embodiments, when it is detected that the SOC of a submodule in any commutation chain reaches a critical value, it is first determined whether the submodule energy storage unit is abnormal. If there is an abnormality, the bypass switch is closed. If there is no abnormality, the active power flow of the two commutation valves is controlled in the reverse direction to achieve the interchange of charge and discharge states.
一些实施例中，所述故障旁路模式下，当任意一个换流链中旁路的子模块数量超过允许值之后，试验系统停止运行。In some embodiments, in the fault bypass mode, when the number of bypassed submodules in any commutation chain exceeds an allowed value, the test system stops running.
以上对本申请实施例进行了详细介绍，本文中应用了具体个例对本申请的原理及实施方式进行了阐述，以上实施例的说明仅用于帮助理解本申请的方法及其核心思想。同时，本领域技术人员依据本申请的思想，基于本申请的具体实施方式及应用范围上做出的改变或变形之处，都属于本申请保护的范围。综上所述，本说明书内容不应理解为对本申请的限制。The embodiments of the present application are described in detail above. Specific examples are used herein to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of the present application. The description of the above embodiments is only used to help understand the method and its core idea of the present application. At the same time, changes or deformations made by those skilled in the art based on the ideas of the present application, the specific implementation methods and the scope of application of the present application, all belong to the scope of protection of the present application. In summary, the content of this specification should not be construed as a limitation on the present application.
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| CN202111040760.1ACN113933617B (en) | 2021-09-07 | 2021-09-07 | Active modular converter test system and control method |
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| CN202111040760.1ACN113933617B (en) | 2021-09-07 | 2021-09-07 | Active modular converter test system and control method |
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