CN113855040B - An embedded children's ECG monitoring device and system - Google Patents
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Abstract
Translated fromChinese
Description
Translated fromChinese技术领域technical field
本申请涉及医疗设备领域，尤其涉及儿童心电监护设备。This application relates to the field of medical equipment, in particular to children's ECG monitoring equipment.
背景技术Background technique
心电监护仪是儿科不可或缺的设备，心电监护仪输出的心电图显示了儿童的心脏活动信息，可以对儿童的心脏进行监控。医院使用的心电仪功能较多，不仅可以监测心脏活动，还可以测量患者的血压、血氧、体温等，由于医院用的心电仪比较复杂，体积较大，并不适合出急诊以及家庭使用。便携式的心电监护仪携带方便，可以将数据传输到手机等，便于医生查看，而且可以在感觉到心脏不舒服时，随时使用。一些便携式心电监护仪例如holter能够实现24h监测，甚至有些便携式心电监护仪不需要使用导联线，相较于医院使用的心电监护仪，由于其小巧的结构，也更容易被儿童接受。The ECG monitor is an indispensable device for pediatrics. The ECG output by the ECG monitor shows the information of the child's heart activity and can monitor the child's heart. The electrocardiograph used in the hospital has many functions. It can not only monitor the heart activity, but also measure the blood pressure, blood oxygen, body temperature, etc. of the patient. Because the electrocardiograph used in the hospital is relatively complicated and bulky, it is not suitable for emergencies and families. use. The portable ECG monitor is easy to carry, can transmit data to mobile phones, etc., which is convenient for doctors to check, and can be used at any time when the heart feels uncomfortable. Some portable ECG monitors such as holter can realize 24h monitoring, and even some portable ECG monitors do not need to use lead wires. Compared with the ECG monitors used in hospitals, due to their small structure, they are easier to be accepted by children .
便携式心电监护仪和可穿戴心电监护仪需要将数据通过蓝牙等方式发送到手机，进而存储到服务器，便于医生诊断，为患者提供针对性的治疗方案。便携式心电监护仪和可穿戴心电监护仪是基于嵌入式开发，存储空间有限，但是心电监护仪会产生大量数据，如何及时、高效的将嵌入式儿童心电监护仪的数据传输到手机以及服务器是提高用户体验的关键。Portable ECG monitors and wearable ECG monitors need to send data to mobile phones through Bluetooth and other methods, and then store them in servers, which is convenient for doctors to diagnose and provide patients with targeted treatment plans. Portable ECG monitors and wearable ECG monitors are based on embedded development and have limited storage space. However, ECG monitors generate a large amount of data. How to timely and efficiently transfer data from embedded children's ECG monitors to mobile phones And the server is the key to improving the user experience.
发明内容Contents of the invention
一方面，本发明提供了一种嵌入式儿童心电监护设备，所述设备包括以下模块：On the one hand, the present invention provides a kind of embedded children's electrocardiogram monitoring equipment, and described equipment comprises following module:
识别模块，用于从第一存储单元获取待压缩心电图，根据内存占用率将待压缩心电图分片，识别每片包括的P波、PR段、QRS波、ST段、T波，将得到的P波、PR段、QRS波、ST段、T波分别放入对应的波段数组中，并新建标志数组，所述标志数组的元素个数与所述波段数组的个数相同；The identification module is used to obtain the electrocardiogram to be compressed from the first storage unit, slice the electrocardiogram to be compressed according to the memory occupancy rate, identify the P wave, PR segment, QRS wave, ST segment, and T wave included in each slice, and obtain the P wave Wave, PR segment, QRS wave, ST segment, T wave are put into corresponding band array respectively, and newly-built sign array, the element number of described sign array is identical with the number of described band array;
判断模块，用于计算P波、PR段、QRS波、ST段、T波与对应典型波段的相似度，当相似度小于阈值时，将所述标志数组对应位置的元素置1，并记录波段发生的时间；Judgment module, used to calculate the similarity between P wave, PR segment, QRS wave, ST segment, T wave and the corresponding typical band, when the similarity is less than the threshold, set the element at the corresponding position of the flag array to 1, and record the band the time of occurrence;
第二存储单元，用于获取所述标志数组元素为1的下标，将P波数组、PR段数组、QRS波数组、ST段数组、T波数组中对应下标的元素组合成一个ECG波，将所述ECG波与波段发生的时间存储到第二存储单元。The second storage unit is used to obtain the subscript that the flag array element is 1, and combine the elements corresponding to the subscript in the P wave array, PR segment array, QRS wave array, ST segment array, and T wave array into an ECG wave, The time at which the ECG wave and wave band occur is stored in a second storage unit.
优选地，所述识识别每片包括的P波、PR段、QRS波、ST段、T波，具体为：识别每片包含的R点，并得到与R点左右临近的极小值点和极大值点，根据所述极小值点和R点得到QRS波，根据所述极大值点得到P波和T波，P波和QRS波之间为PR段，QRS波与T波之间为ST段。Preferably, the recognition identifies the P wave, PR segment, QRS wave, ST segment, and T wave included in each slice, specifically: identifying the R point included in each slice, and obtaining the minimum value points and Maximum point, according to the minimum point and R point to get QRS wave, according to the maximum point to get P wave and T wave, between P wave and QRS wave is PR segment, between QRS wave and T wave The interval is the ST segment.
优选地，所述识别每片包含的R点，具体为：随机获取待压缩心电图n个时间间隔的数据，对于每个时间间隔获取前m个最大值，得到n*m个数据的平均值t，根据所述平均值t得到区间[p，q]，匹配每片中连续的数值都位于区间[p，q]的数据段，且所述数据段的变化率大于预设值，则所述数据段的极大值为R点，其中，P＜q，n、m为正整数。Preferably, the identifying the R points contained in each slice is specifically: randomly acquiring data of n time intervals of the electrocardiogram to be compressed, obtaining the first m maximum values for each time interval, and obtaining the average value t of the n*m data , the interval [p, q] is obtained according to the average value t, and the data segments whose continuous values in each slice are all in the interval [p, q] are matched, and the rate of change of the data segments is greater than a preset value, then the The maximum value of the data segment is point R, where P<q, n and m are positive integers.
优选地，所述根据所述极小值点和R点得到QRS波，具体为：得到R点的左侧R点和右侧R点，将所述R点与左侧R点间的极小值中靠近所述R点的极小值作为所述R点左临近极小值，将所述R点与右侧R点间的极小值中靠近所述R点极小值作为所述R点右临近极小值，根据所述左临近极小值和所述右临近极小值得到QRS波的左拐点和右拐点，根据左拐点左侧的数据变化率确定QRS波的左边界，根据右拐点右侧的数据变化率确定QRS波的右边界，进而得到QRS波。Preferably, the QRS wave is obtained according to the minimum value point and the R point, specifically: obtaining the left R point and the right R point of the R point, and the minimum value between the R point and the left R point The minimum value close to the R point in the value is taken as the left adjacent minimum value of the R point, and the minimum value close to the R point among the minimum values between the R point and the right R point is taken as the R Point the right adjacent minimum value, obtain the left inflection point and the right inflection point of the QRS wave according to the left adjacent minimum value and the right adjacent minimum value, determine the left boundary of the QRS wave according to the data change rate on the left side of the left inflection point, according to The rate of change of the data to the right of the right inflection point determines the right boundary of the QRS complex, resulting in the QRS complex.
优选地，根据所述极大值点得到P波和T波，具体为：得到R点的左侧R点和右侧R点，将所述R点与左侧R点间的极大值中靠近所述R点的极大值作为所述R点左临近极大值，将所述R点与右侧R点间的极大值中靠近所述R点极大值作为所述R点右临近极大值，根据所述左临近极大值和右临近极大值得到P波和T波。Preferably, the P wave and the T wave are obtained according to the maximum point, specifically: the left R point and the right R point of the R point are obtained, and the maximum value between the R point and the left R point is obtained The maximum value close to the R point is used as the left adjacent maximum value of the R point, and the maximum value close to the R point among the maximum values between the R point and the right R point is used as the R point right close to the maximum value, according to the left close maximum value and the right close maximum value to obtain a P wave and a T wave.
优选地，在计算P波、PR段、QRS波、ST段、T波与对应典型波段的相似度之前，还包括，获取P波、PR段、QRS波、ST段、T波对应的持续时间，当所述持续时间大于所述波段对应的第二阈值或者小于所述波段对应的第三阈值，则直接将所述标志数组对应位置的元素置1。Preferably, before calculating the similarity between P wave, PR segment, QRS wave, ST segment, T wave and the corresponding typical wave band, it also includes obtaining the corresponding duration of P wave, PR segment, QRS wave, ST segment, T wave , when the duration is greater than the second threshold corresponding to the band or less than the third threshold corresponding to the band, directly set the element at the corresponding position of the flag array to 1.
另一方面，本发明还提供了一种嵌入式儿童心电监护系统，所述系统包括嵌入式儿童心电监护设备和移动终端，所述嵌入式儿童心电监护设备和移动终端通过近距离无线通信方式传输数据，所述设备包括以下模块：On the other hand, the present invention also provides an embedded children's ECG monitoring system, the system includes an embedded children's ECG monitoring device and a mobile terminal, and the embedded children's ECG monitoring device and mobile terminal Data is transmitted by means of communication, and the device includes the following modules:
识别模块，用于从第一存储单元获取待压缩心电图，根据内存占用率将待压缩心电图分片，识别每片包括的P波、PR段、QRS波、ST段、T波，将得到的P波、PR段、QRS波、ST段、T波分别放入对应的波段数组中，并新建标志数组，所述标志数组的元素个数与所述波段数组的个数相同；The identification module is used to obtain the electrocardiogram to be compressed from the first storage unit, slice the electrocardiogram to be compressed according to the memory occupancy rate, identify the P wave, PR segment, QRS wave, ST segment, and T wave included in each slice, and obtain the P wave Wave, PR segment, QRS wave, ST segment, T wave are put into corresponding band array respectively, and newly-built sign array, the element number of described sign array is identical with the number of described band array;
判断模块，用于计算P波、PR段、QRS波、ST段、T波与对应典型波段的相似度，当相似度小于阈值时，将所述标志数组对应位置的元素置1，并记录波段发生的时间；Judgment module, used to calculate the similarity between P wave, PR segment, QRS wave, ST segment, T wave and the corresponding typical band, when the similarity is less than the threshold, set the element at the corresponding position of the flag array to 1, and record the band the time of occurrence;
第二存储单元，用于获取所述标志数组元素为1的下标，将P波数组、PR段数组、QRS波数组、ST段数组、T波数组中对应下标的元素组合成一个ECG波，将所述ECG波与波段发生的时间存储到第二存储单元。The second storage unit is used to obtain the subscript that the flag array element is 1, and combine the elements corresponding to the subscript in the P wave array, PR segment array, QRS wave array, ST segment array, and T wave array into an ECG wave, The time at which the ECG wave and wave band occur is stored in a second storage unit.
优选地，所述识识别每片包括的P波、PR段、QRS波、ST段、T波，具体为：识别每片包含的R点，并得到与R点左右临近的极小值点和极大值点，根据所述极小值点和R点得到QRS波，根据所述极大值点得到P波和T波，P波和QRS波之间为PR段，QRS波与T波之间为ST段。Preferably, the recognition identifies the P wave, PR segment, QRS wave, ST segment, and T wave included in each slice, specifically: identifying the R point included in each slice, and obtaining the minimum value points and Maximum point, according to the minimum point and R point to get QRS wave, according to the maximum point to get P wave and T wave, between P wave and QRS wave is PR segment, between QRS wave and T wave The interval is the ST segment.
优选地，所述识别每片包含的R点，具体为：随机获取待压缩心电图n个时间间隔的数据，对于每个时间间隔获取前m个最大值，得到n*m个数据的平均值t，根据所述平均值t得到区间[p，q]，匹配每片中连续的数值都位于区间[p，q]的数据段，且所述数据段的变化率大于预设值，则所述数据段的极大值为R点，其中，P＜q，n、m为正整数。Preferably, the identifying the R points contained in each slice is specifically: randomly acquiring data of n time intervals of the electrocardiogram to be compressed, obtaining the first m maximum values for each time interval, and obtaining the average value t of the n*m data , the interval [p, q] is obtained according to the average value t, and the data segments whose continuous values in each slice are all in the interval [p, q] are matched, and the rate of change of the data segments is greater than a preset value, then the The maximum value of the data segment is point R, where P<q, n and m are positive integers.
优选地，所述根据所述极小值点和R点得到QRS波，具体为：得到R点的左侧R点和右侧R点，将所述R点与左侧R点间的极小值中靠近所述R点的极小值作为所述R点左临近极小值，将所述R点与右侧R点间的极小值中靠近所述R点极小值作为所述R点右临近极小值，根据所述左临近极小值和所述右临近极小值得到QRS波的左拐点和右拐点，根据左拐点左侧的数据变化率确定QRS波的左边界，根据右拐点右侧的数据变化率确定QRS波的右边界，进而得到QRS波。Preferably, the QRS wave is obtained according to the minimum value point and the R point, specifically: obtaining the left R point and the right R point of the R point, and the minimum value between the R point and the left R point The minimum value close to the R point in the value is taken as the left adjacent minimum value of the R point, and the minimum value close to the R point among the minimum values between the R point and the right R point is taken as the R Point the right adjacent minimum value, obtain the left inflection point and the right inflection point of the QRS wave according to the left adjacent minimum value and the right adjacent minimum value, determine the left boundary of the QRS wave according to the data change rate on the left side of the left inflection point, according to The rate of change of the data to the right of the right inflection point determines the right boundary of the QRS complex, resulting in the QRS complex.
本发明将嵌入式儿童心电监护设备中的ECG正常的部分去除，保留异常的ECG段，减少了数据存储占用的空间，而且有利于向移动终端和服务器发送数据。此外，本发明还提供了一种QRS波识别方法，可以有效识别QRS波，并且能够识别P波、T波以及PR段、ST段。The invention removes the normal part of the ECG in the embedded children's electrocardiogram monitoring device, retains the abnormal ECG segment, reduces the space occupied by data storage, and is beneficial to send data to the mobile terminal and the server. In addition, the present invention also provides a method for identifying QRS waves, which can effectively identify QRS waves, and can identify P waves, T waves, PR segments, and ST segments.
本发明提供的设备和系统通过识别的P波、QRS波、T波和PR段、ST段与对应的典型波段相似度的计算，发现异常的ECG片段，在数据存储中，只需要存储异常ECG片段即可，实现了数据压缩和ECG异常的识别。提升了用户体验，而且便于医生查看ECG。The equipment and system provided by the present invention find abnormal ECG segments through the calculation of the similarity between the identified P waves, QRS waves, T waves, PR segments, ST segments and corresponding typical bands. In data storage, only abnormal ECGs need to be stored Fragments are enough to achieve data compression and identification of ECG abnormalities. The user experience is improved, and it is convenient for doctors to view ECG.
附图说明Description of drawings
为了更清楚地说明本发明具体实施方式或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对具体实施方式或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图是本发明的一些实施方式，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。In order to more clearly illustrate the specific implementation of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the accompanying drawings that need to be used in the specific implementation or description of the prior art. Obviously, the accompanying drawings in the following description The drawings show some implementations of the present invention, and those skilled in the art can obtain other drawings based on these drawings without any creative work.
图1为典型ECG局部放大图；Figure 1 is a partial enlarged view of a typical ECG;
图2为ECG实例图；Fig. 2 is an example diagram of ECG;
图3为本发明的结构示意图；Fig. 3 is a structural representation of the present invention;
图4为本发明的系统的结构图。Fig. 4 is a structural diagram of the system of the present invention.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
在本文中，诸如第一和第二等之类的关系术语仅仅用来将一个实体或者操作与另一个实体或操作区分开来，而不一定要求或者暗示这些实体或操作之间存在任何这种实际的关系或者顺序。而且，术语“包括”、“包含”或者其任何其他变体意在涵盖非排他性的包含，从而使得包括一系列要素的过程、方法、物品或者设备不仅包括那些要素，而且还包括没有明确列出的其他要素，或者是还包括为这种过程、方法、物品或者设备所固有的要素。在没有更多限制的情况下，由语句“包括一个……”限定的要素，并不排除在包括所述要素的过程、方法、物品或者设备中还存在另外的相同要素。In this document, relational terms such as first and second etc. are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another without necessarily requiring or implying any such relationship between these entities or operations. Actual relationship or sequence. Furthermore, the term "comprises", "comprises" or any other variation thereof is intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion such that a process, method, article, or apparatus comprising a set of elements includes not only those elements, but also includes elements not expressly listed. other elements of or also include elements inherent in such a process, method, article, or device. Without further limitations, an element defined by the phrase "comprising a ..." does not exclude the presence of additional identical elements in the process, method, article or apparatus comprising said element.
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by persons of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
如图1所示，为一个典型的心电图(electrocardiogram，ECG)的局部放大图，主要包括P波、QRS波、T波和PR段、ST段，医生查看心电图主要是查看这些波段的形状、幅度、频率等，图2显示了一些患者的ECG，不同的病情有不同的ECG波形图，通过这些信息对患者的病情进行判断。由于嵌入式儿童心电监护设备体积较小，存储空间有限，如果长时间利用嵌入式儿童心电监护设备进行监护，则会产生大量数据，这些数据不仅占用较多的存储空间，而且也不利于向移动终端以及服务器传输，此外，由于数据量巨大，医生不太可能按照顺序依次浏览，这就需要对数据进行压缩。现在常用的压缩方法压缩比有限，并不很适合对嵌入式儿童心电监护设备产生的数据进行压缩，本发明提出来一种新的ECG压缩方法，具体如下实施例所述。As shown in Figure 1, it is a partial enlarged view of a typical electrocardiogram (ECG), which mainly includes P waves, QRS waves, T waves, PR segments, and ST segments. Doctors check the ECG mainly to check the shape and amplitude of these bands , frequency, etc. Figure 2 shows the ECG of some patients. Different conditions have different ECG waveforms, and the patient's condition can be judged based on this information. Due to the small size and limited storage space of the embedded children's ECG monitoring device, if the embedded children's ECG monitoring device is used for monitoring for a long time, a large amount of data will be generated, which not only takes up more storage space, but also is not conducive to In addition, due to the huge amount of data, doctors are unlikely to browse sequentially, which requires data compression. Currently commonly used compression methods have limited compression ratios and are not very suitable for compressing data generated by embedded children's ECG monitoring equipment. The present invention proposes a new ECG compression method, which is specifically described in the following embodiments.
实施例一Embodiment one
本发明提供了一种嵌入式儿童心电监护设备，所述设备包括以下模块：The invention provides an embedded children's ECG monitoring device, which includes the following modules:
识别模块，用于从第一存储单元获取待压缩心电图，根据内存占用率将待压缩心电图分片，识别每片包括的P波、PR段、QRS波、ST段、T波，将得到的P波、PR段、QRS波、ST段、T波分别放入对应的波段数组中，并新建标志数组，所述标志数组的元素个数与所述波段数组的个数相同；The identification module is used to obtain the electrocardiogram to be compressed from the first storage unit, slice the electrocardiogram to be compressed according to the memory occupancy rate, identify the P wave, PR segment, QRS wave, ST segment, and T wave included in each slice, and obtain the P wave Wave, PR segment, QRS wave, ST segment, T wave are put into corresponding band array respectively, and newly-built sign array, the element number of described sign array is identical with the number of described band array;
一个分片中包括多个P波、PR段、QRS波、ST段、T波，按照顺序分别将P波、PR段、QRS波、ST段、T波放入对应的数组中，所述波段数组包括P波数组、PR段数组、QRS波数组、ST段数组、T波数组，分别记为p[]、pr[]、qrs[]、st[]、t[]，下标相同的上述数组组成一个心电图波形，也即一个波形包括P波、PR段、QRS波、ST段、T波，例如一个心电图分片的第一个心电图波形由p[0]、pr[0]、qrs[0]、st[0]、t[0]组成。A slice includes multiple P waves, PR segments, QRS waves, ST segments, and T waves. Put the P waves, PR segments, QRS waves, ST segments, and T waves into corresponding arrays in order. The array includes P wave array, PR segment array, QRS wave array, ST segment array, and T wave array, which are respectively denoted as p[], pr[], qrs[], st[], t[], and the above-mentioned The array forms an ECG waveform, that is, a waveform includes P wave, PR segment, QRS wave, ST segment, and T wave. For example, the first ECG waveform of an ECG slice consists of p[0], pr[0], qrs[ 0], st[0], t[0].
判断模块，用于计算P波、PR段、QRS波、ST段、T波与对应典型波段的相似度，当相似度小于阈值时，将所述标志数组对应位置的元素置1，并记录波段发生的时间；Judgment module, used to calculate the similarity between P wave, PR segment, QRS wave, ST segment, T wave and the corresponding typical band, when the similarity is less than the threshold, set the element at the corresponding position of the flag array to 1, and record the band the time of occurrence;
分别计算P波、PR段、QRS波、ST段、T波与对应典型波段的相似度，例如将p[0]与P波的典型波段对比，计算相似度，当相似度小于阈值，则表明所述第一个心电图波形出现异常，需要将标志数组s[]的s[0]置为1。若标志数组对应位置的元素为1，后续的波段无需再计算相似度，如上例中，由于p[0]异常，就不需要再计算pr[0]、qrs[0]、st[0]、t[0]与其对应典型波段的相似度。Calculate the similarity between P wave, PR segment, QRS wave, ST segment, T wave and the corresponding typical band, for example, compare p[0] with the typical band of P wave to calculate the similarity, when the similarity is less than the threshold, it indicates If the first ECG waveform is abnormal, s[0] of the flag array s[] needs to be set to 1. If the element at the corresponding position of the flag array is 1, the subsequent bands do not need to calculate the similarity. The similarity between t[0] and its corresponding typical band.
计算波的相似度有多种方式，例如欧氏距离等，对此本发明不作具体限定。There are many ways to calculate the wave similarity, such as Euclidean distance, etc., which are not specifically limited in the present invention.
第二存储单元，用于获取所述标志数组元素为1的下标，将P波数组、PR段数组、QRS波数组、ST段数组、T波数组中对应下标的元素组合成一个ECG波，将所述ECG波与波段发生的时间存储到第二存储单元。The second storage unit is used to obtain the subscript that the flag array element is 1, and combine the elements corresponding to the subscript in the P wave array, PR segment array, QRS wave array, ST segment array, and T wave array into an ECG wave, The time at which the ECG wave and wave band occur is stored in a second storage unit.
根据标志数组的元素，找出元素为1的标志数组的下标，例如标志数组s[12]＝1，则查找p[12]、pr[12]、qrs[12]、st[12]、t[12]，并将其组成的波段存储到第二存储单元，同时会记录该异常波段发生时间，以便于医生判断。Find out the subscript of the flag array whose element is 1 according to the elements of the flag array, such as flag array s[12]=1, then search for p[12], pr[12], qrs[12], st[12], t[12], and store the bands formed by it in the second storage unit, and record the occurrence time of the abnormal band at the same time, so as to facilitate the doctor's judgment.
在一个具体实施例中，所述识识别每片包括的P波、PR段、QRS波、ST段、T波，具体为：识别每片包含的R点，并得到与R点左右临近的极小值点和极大值点，根据所述极小值点和R点得到QRS波，根据所述极大值点得到P波和T波，P波和QRS波之间为PR段，QRS波与T波之间为ST段。In a specific embodiment, the recognition identifies the P wave, PR segment, QRS wave, ST segment, and T wave included in each slice, specifically: identifying the R point included in each slice, and obtaining the poles adjacent to the R point Small value point and maximum value point, according to the minimum value point and R point to get QRS wave, according to the maximum value point to get P wave and T wave, between P wave and QRS wave is PR segment, QRS wave Between the T wave and the ST segment.
在一个具体实施例中，所述识别每片包含的R点，具体为：随机获取待压缩心电图n个时间间隔的数据，对于每个时间间隔获取前m个最大值，得到n*m个数据的平均值t，根据所述平均值t得到区间[p，q]，匹配每片中连续的数值都位于区间[p，q]的数据段，且所述数据段的变化率大于预设值，则所述数据段的极大值为R点，其中，p＜q，n、m为正整数。In a specific embodiment, the identifying the R points included in each slice is specifically: randomly acquiring data of n time intervals of the electrocardiogram to be compressed, obtaining the first m maximum values for each time interval, and obtaining n*m data The average value t of the average value t, the interval [p, q] is obtained according to the average value t, and the data segments whose continuous values in each slice are all in the interval [p, q] are matched, and the rate of change of the data segments is greater than the preset value , then the maximum value of the data segment is point R, where p<q, n and m are positive integers.
在一个实施例中，时间间隔为5s，对着5s内的数据进行排序，得到前m个最大值，例如m＝10，也即得到5s内的前十个最大值，对于下一个时间间隔，同样得到前十个最大值，一共得到了n*m个数据，对这n*m个数据求平均，得到t，根据t得到区间[p，q]。作为示例，假如t＝12，可以设置p＝10，q＝14，也即得到区间[10，14]。为了避免选择的数据刚好是心电图异常部分，本发明采用随机多时间间隔的方式消除局部数据的影响。一组数据为4、5、5、6、3、6、11、13、10、5、3，该组数据的在[10，14]区间的为11、13、10，而且数据变化率大于预设值，则数据13的位置即为R点。In one embodiment, the time interval is 5s, and the data within 5s are sorted to obtain the first m maximum values, such as m=10, that is, the first ten maximum values within 5s are obtained. For the next time interval, The first ten maximum values are also obtained, and a total of n*m data is obtained, and the n*m data are averaged to obtain t, and the interval [p, q] is obtained according to t. As an example, if t=12, p=10 and q=14 can be set, that is, the interval [10, 14] can be obtained. In order to avoid that the selected data is just the abnormal part of the electrocardiogram, the present invention adopts random multiple time intervals to eliminate the influence of local data. A set of data is 4, 5, 5, 6, 3, 6, 11, 13, 10, 5, 3, the set of data in the [10, 14] interval is 11, 13, 10, and the data change rate is greater than The default value, then the position of the data 13 is the R point.
由于有些心脏类疾病的T波的峰值也较大，为了消除T波对识别R点的影响，本发明还会判断数据段的变化率，只有变化率大于预设值，才认为该数据段的极大值为R点。Because the peak value of the T wave of some heart diseases is also relatively large, in order to eliminate the impact of the T wave on identifying the R point, the present invention will also judge the rate of change of the data segment. The maximum value is point R.
在一个具体实施例中，所述根据所述极小值点和R点得到QRS波，具体为：得到R点的左侧R点和右侧R点，将所述R点与左侧R点间的极小值中靠近所述R点的极小值作为所述R点左临近极小值，将所述R点与右侧R点间的极小值中靠近所述R点极小值作为所述R点右临近极小值，根据所述左临近极小值和所述右临近极小值得到QRS波的左拐点和右拐点，根据左拐点左侧的数据变化率确定QRS波的左边界，根据右拐点右侧的数据变化率确定QRS波的右边界，进而得到QRS波。In a specific embodiment, the obtaining the QRS wave according to the minimum value point and the R point is specifically: obtaining the left R point and the right R point of the R point, and combining the R point and the left R point The minimum value close to the R point among the minimum values between the R points is used as the left adjacent minimum value of the R point, and the minimum value between the R point and the right R point is close to the R point minimum value As the right adjacent minimum value of the R point, the left inflection point and the right inflection point of the QRS wave are obtained according to the left adjacent minimum value and the right adjacent minimum value, and the QRS wave is determined according to the data change rate on the left side of the left inflection point. The left boundary, the right boundary of the QRS wave is determined according to the data change rate on the right side of the right inflection point, and then the QRS wave is obtained.
如图1所示，确定了R点之后，可以确定与R点紧邻的左临近极小值、右临近极小值。左临近极小值左侧数据变大，而且数据变化率比PR段大，根据数据变化率可以确定QRS波的左侧边界。同样地，可以得到右侧边界。As shown in Figure 1, after the R point is determined, the left and right adjacent minimum values immediately adjacent to the R point can be determined. The data on the left side near the minimum value becomes larger, and the data change rate is larger than that of the PR segment. According to the data change rate, the left boundary of the QRS wave can be determined. Similarly, the right border can be obtained.
在一个具体实施例中，根据所述极大值点得到P波和T波，具体为：得到R点的左侧R点和右侧R点，将所述R点与左侧R点间的极大值中靠近所述R点的极大值作为所述R点左临近极大值，将所述R点与右侧R点间的极大值中靠近所述R点极大值作为所述R点右临近极大值，根据所述左临近极大值和右临近极大值得到P波和T波。In a specific embodiment, the P wave and the T wave are obtained according to the maximum point, specifically: the left R point and the right R point of the R point are obtained, and the distance between the R point and the left R point is obtained. The maximum value close to the R point in the maximum value is used as the left adjacent maximum value of the R point, and the maximum value close to the R point among the maximum values between the R point and the right R point is used as the maximum value. The R point is right adjacent to the maximum value, and the P wave and the T wave are obtained according to the left adjacent maximum value and the right adjacent maximum value.
R点为QRS波的最大值点，P点为P波的最大值点，T点为T波的最大值点。The R point is the maximum point of the QRS wave, the P point is the maximum point of the P wave, and the T point is the maximum point of the T wave.
一些心电图会出现跳变等严重异常情况，而且嵌入式儿童心电监护设备由于其移动性，容易收到外界电磁干扰。为了避免本发明提供的波段识别方式无法识别，或者错误的识别波段，例如用户的P波不明显或者系统将ST段和T波识别为一个。在计算P波、PR段、QRS波、ST段、T波与对应典型波段的相似度之前，还包括，获取P波、PR段、QRS波、ST段、T波对应的持续时间，当所述持续时间大于所述波段对应的第二阈值或者小于所述波段对应的第三阈值，则直接将所述标志数组对应位置的元素置1。例如P波一般在0.01s内，如果P波超过该时间，则直接认定该波段异常。Some ECGs will have serious abnormalities such as jumps, and the embedded children's ECG monitoring equipment is prone to external electromagnetic interference due to its mobility. In order to prevent the band identification method provided by the present invention from being unable to identify or wrongly identify the band, for example, the user's P wave is not obvious or the system recognizes the ST segment and the T wave as one. Before calculating the similarity between P wave, PR segment, QRS wave, ST segment, T wave and the corresponding typical wave band, it also includes obtaining the corresponding duration of P wave, PR segment, QRS wave, ST segment, and T wave. If the duration is greater than the second threshold corresponding to the band or less than the third threshold corresponding to the band, then directly set the element at the corresponding position of the flag array to 1. For example, the P wave is generally within 0.01s. If the P wave exceeds this time, it is directly determined that the band is abnormal.
实施例二Embodiment two
如图3、4所示，本发明提供了一种嵌入式儿童心电监护系统，所述系统包括嵌入式儿童心电监护设备和移动终端，所述嵌入式儿童心电监护设备和移动终端通过近距离无线通信方式传输数据，所述设备包括以下模块：As shown in Figures 3 and 4, the present invention provides an embedded children's ECG monitoring system, the system includes an embedded children's ECG monitoring device and a mobile terminal, and the embedded children's ECG monitoring device and the mobile terminal pass The short-range wireless communication method transmits data, and the device includes the following modules:
识别模块，用于从第一存储单元获取待压缩心电图，根据内存占用率将待压缩心电图分片，识别每片包括的P波、PR段、QRS波、ST段、T波，将得到的P波、PR段、QRS波、ST段、T波分别放入对应的波段数组中，并新建标志数组，所述标志数组的元素个数与所述波段数组的个数相同；The identification module is used to obtain the electrocardiogram to be compressed from the first storage unit, slice the electrocardiogram to be compressed according to the memory occupancy rate, identify the P wave, PR segment, QRS wave, ST segment, and T wave included in each slice, and obtain the P wave Wave, PR segment, QRS wave, ST segment, T wave are put into corresponding band array respectively, and newly-built sign array, the element number of described sign array is identical with the number of described band array;
判断模块，用于计算P波、PR段、QRS波、ST段、T波与对应典型波段的相似度，当相似度小于阈值时，将所述标志数组对应位置的元素置1，并记录波段发生的时间；Judgment module, used to calculate the similarity between P wave, PR segment, QRS wave, ST segment, T wave and the corresponding typical band, when the similarity is less than the threshold, set the element at the corresponding position of the flag array to 1, and record the band the time of occurrence;
第二存储单元，用于获取所述标志数组元素为1的下标，将P波数组、PR段数组、QRS波数组、ST段数组、T波数组中对应下标的元素组合成一个ECG波，将所述ECG波与波段发生的时间存储到第二存储单元。The second storage unit is used to obtain the subscript that the flag array element is 1, and combine the elements corresponding to the subscript in the P wave array, PR segment array, QRS wave array, ST segment array, and T wave array into an ECG wave, The time at which the ECG wave and wave band occur is stored in a second storage unit.
本发明提供的系统还可以包括服务器，通过移动终端例如手机将数据上传到服务器后，医生可以在电脑端直接查看压缩后的ECG图。The system provided by the present invention may also include a server. After uploading the data to the server through a mobile terminal such as a mobile phone, the doctor can directly view the compressed ECG graph on the computer.
在一个具体实施例中，所述识识别每片包括的P波、PR段、QRS波、ST段、T波，具体为：识别每片包含的R点，并得到与R点左右临近的极小值点和极大值点，根据所述极小值点和R点得到QRS波，根据所述极大值点得到P波和T波，P波和QRS波之间为PR段，QRS波与T波之间为ST段。In a specific embodiment, the recognition identifies the P wave, PR segment, QRS wave, ST segment, and T wave included in each slice, specifically: identifying the R point included in each slice, and obtaining the poles adjacent to the R point Small value point and maximum value point, according to the minimum value point and R point to get QRS wave, according to the maximum value point to get P wave and T wave, between P wave and QRS wave is PR segment, QRS wave Between the T wave and the ST segment.
在一个具体实施例中，所述识别每片包含的R点，具体为：随机获取待压缩心电图n个时间间隔的数据，对于每个时间间隔获取前m个最大值，得到n*m个数据的平均值t，根据所述平均值t得到区间[p，q]，匹配每片中连续的数值都位于区间[p，q]的数据段，且所述数据段的变化率大于预设值，则所述数据段的极大值为R点，其中，P＜q，n、m为正整数。In a specific embodiment, the identifying the R points included in each slice is specifically: randomly acquiring data of n time intervals of the electrocardiogram to be compressed, obtaining the first m maximum values for each time interval, and obtaining n*m data The average value t of the average value t, the interval [p, q] is obtained according to the average value t, and the data segments whose continuous values in each slice are all in the interval [p, q] are matched, and the rate of change of the data segments is greater than the preset value , then the maximum value of the data segment is point R, wherein, P<q, n and m are positive integers.
在一个具体实施例中，所述根据所述极小值点和R点得到QRS波，具体为：得到R点的左侧R点和右侧R点，将所述R点与左侧R点间的极小值中靠近所述R点的极小值作为所述R点左临近极小值，将所述R点与右侧R点间的极小值中靠近所述R点极小值作为所述R点右临近极小值，根据所述左临近极小值和所述右临近极小值得到QRS波的左拐点和右拐点，根据左拐点左侧的数据变化率确定QRS波的左边界，根据右拐点右侧的数据变化率确定QRS波的右边界，进而得到QRS波。In a specific embodiment, the obtaining the QRS wave according to the minimum value point and the R point is specifically: obtaining the left R point and the right R point of the R point, and combining the R point and the left R point The minimum value close to the R point among the minimum values between the R points is used as the left adjacent minimum value of the R point, and the minimum value between the R point and the right R point is close to the R point minimum value As the right adjacent minimum value of the R point, the left inflection point and the right inflection point of the QRS wave are obtained according to the left adjacent minimum value and the right adjacent minimum value, and the QRS wave is determined according to the data change rate on the left side of the left inflection point. The left boundary, the right boundary of the QRS wave is determined according to the data change rate on the right side of the right inflection point, and then the QRS wave is obtained.
在一个具体实施例中，根据所述极大值点得到P波和T波，具体为：得到R点的左侧R点和右侧R点，将所述R点与左侧R点间的极大值中靠近所述R点的极大值作为所述R点左临近极大值，将所述R点与右侧R点间的极大值中靠近所述R点极大值作为所述R点右临近极大值，根据所述左临近极大值和右临近极大值得到P波和T波。In a specific embodiment, the P wave and the T wave are obtained according to the maximum point, specifically: the left R point and the right R point of the R point are obtained, and the distance between the R point and the left R point is obtained. The maximum value close to the R point in the maximum value is used as the left adjacent maximum value of the R point, and the maximum value close to the R point among the maximum values between the R point and the right R point is used as the maximum value. The R point is right adjacent to the maximum value, and the P wave and the T wave are obtained according to the left adjacent maximum value and the right adjacent maximum value.
实施例三Embodiment three
本发明提供了一种ECG数据压缩方法，所述方法包括以下步骤：The present invention provides a kind of ECG data compression method, described method comprises the following steps:
步骤1，从第一存储单元获取待压缩心电图，根据内存占用率将待压缩心电图分片，识别每片包括的P波、PR段、QRS波、ST段、T波，将得到的P波、PR段、QRS波、ST段、T波分别放入对应的波段数组中，并新建标志数组，所述标志数组的元素个数与所述波段数组的个数相同；Step 1, obtain the electrocardiogram to be compressed from the first storage unit, slice the electrocardiogram to be compressed according to the memory occupancy rate, identify the P wave, PR segment, QRS wave, ST segment, and T wave included in each slice, and obtain the P wave, PR segment, QRS wave, ST segment, T wave are put into corresponding band array respectively, and new flag array, the element number of described flag array is identical with the number of described band array;
步骤二，计算P波、PR段、QRS波、ST段、T波与对应典型波段的相似度，当相似度小于阈值时，将所述标志数组对应位置的元素置1，并记录波段发生的时间；Step 2, calculate the similarity between the P wave, PR segment, QRS wave, ST segment, T wave and the corresponding typical band, when the similarity is less than the threshold, set the element at the corresponding position of the flag array to 1, and record the occurrence of the band time;
步骤三，获取所述标志数组元素为1的下标，将P波数组、PR段数组、QRS波数组、ST段数组、T波数组中对应下标的元素组合成一个ECG波，将所述ECG波与波段发生的时间存储到第二存储单元。Step 3, obtain the subscript whose element of the flag array is 1, combine the elements corresponding to the subscript in the P wave array, PR segment array, QRS wave array, ST segment array, and T wave array into an ECG wave, and combine the ECG The times at which waves and bands occur are stored in a second storage unit.
实施例四Embodiment four
本发明还提供了一种ECG中QRS波识别方法，所述方法包括以下步骤：The present invention also provides a QRS wave recognition method in ECG, and described method comprises the following steps:
识别每片包含的R点，并得到与R点左右临近的极小值点和极大值点，根据所述极小值点和R点得到QRS波，根据所述极大值点得到P波和T波，P波和QRS波之间为PR段，QRS波与T波之间为ST段。Identify the R points contained in each slice, and obtain the minimum and maximum points adjacent to the R point, obtain the QRS wave according to the minimum and R points, and obtain the P wave according to the maximum points The PR segment is between the P wave and the QRS wave, and the ST segment is between the QRS wave and the T wave.
步骤1，根据内存占用率将待压缩心电图分片，随机获取待压缩心电图n个时间间隔的数据，对于每个时间间隔获取前m个最大值，得到n*m个数据的平均值t，根据所述平均值t得到区间[p，q]，匹配每片中连续的数值都位于区间[p，q]的数据段，且所述数据段的变化率大于预设值，则所述数据段的极大值为R点，其中，p＜q，n、m为正整数；Step 1: Segment the electrocardiogram to be compressed according to the memory usage rate, randomly obtain the data of n time intervals of the electrocardiogram to be compressed, obtain the first m maximum values for each time interval, and obtain the average value t of n*m data, according to The average value t obtains the interval [p, q], matches the data segments whose continuous values in each slice are all in the interval [p, q], and the rate of change of the data segments is greater than the preset value, then the data segment The maximum value of is point R, where p<q, n and m are positive integers;
步骤2，得到R点的左侧R点和右侧R点，将所述R点与左侧R点间的极小值中靠近所述R点的极小值作为所述R点左临近极小值，将所述R点与右侧R点间的极小值中靠近所述R点极小值作为所述R点右临近极小值，根据所述左临近极小值和所述右临近极小值得到QRS波的左拐点和右拐点，根据左拐点左侧的数据变化率确定QRS波的左边界，根据右拐点右侧的数据变化率确定QRS波的右边界，进而得到QRS波。Step 2, obtain the left R point and the right R point of R point, and use the minimum value close to the R point among the minimum values between the R point and the left R point as the left adjacent pole of the R point Small value, the minimum value close to the R point in the minimum value between the R point and the right R point is used as the right adjacent minimum value of the R point, according to the left adjacent minimum value and the right The left inflection point and the right inflection point of the QRS wave are obtained near the minimum value, the left boundary of the QRS wave is determined according to the data change rate on the left side of the left inflection point, and the right boundary of the QRS wave is determined according to the data change rate on the right side of the right inflection point, and then the QRS wave is obtained .
实施例五Embodiment five
本发明还提供了一种非临时性计算机可读存储介质，当所述存储介质中的指令由电子设备的处理器执行时，使得电子设备能够执行实现如实施例三或实施例四所述的方法。The present invention also provides a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium. When the instructions in the storage medium are executed by the processor of the electronic device, the electronic device can execute the implementation as described in Embodiment 3 or Embodiment 4. method.
本发明所述的各个实施例可以进行组合以实现对应的技术方案。结合本文中所公开的实施例描述的方法或算法的步骤可以直接用硬件、处理器执行的软件模块，或者二者的结合来实施。软件模块可以置于随机存储器(RAM)、内存、只读存储器(ROM)、电可编程ROM、电可擦除可编程ROM、寄存器、硬盘、可移动磁盘、CD-ROM、或技术领域内所公知的任意其它形式的存储介质中。Various embodiments described in the present invention can be combined to realize corresponding technical solutions. The steps of the methods or algorithms described in connection with the embodiments disclosed herein may be directly implemented by hardware, software modules executed by a processor, or a combination of both. Software modules can be placed in random access memory (RAM), internal memory, read-only memory (ROM), electrically programmable ROM, electrically erasable programmable ROM, registers, hard disk, removable disk, CD-ROM, or any other Any other known storage medium.
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