CN113824183A - A supercapacitor-based energy storage unit - Google Patents

Abstract

Translated fromChinese

本发明请求保护一种基于超级电容的储能单元，属于储能技术领域，其包括：电容模组单元、连接器、BMS单体管理控制单元、CPU及监控单元，其中，所述电容模组单元通过连接器与BMS单体管理控制单元相连接，所述BMS单体管理控制单元通过总线连接与CPU相连接，监控单元与CPU相连接，其中，电容模组单元包括多个超级电容，上述多个超级电容之间串联，且上述多个超级电容并联至供电电源的正负极之间；BMS单体管理控制单元根据CPU返回的控制信息进行均衡控制，监控单元实时采集电容模组单元的电能质量信息发送给CPU处理器，CPU用于对充电状态SOC、健康状态SOH、功率状态SOP进行估算，判断各超级电容运行状态，充放电过程是否均匀，状态是否稳定。

The present invention claims to protect a supercapacitor-based energy storage unit, which belongs to the technical field of energy storage, and includes: a capacitor module unit, a connector, a BMS monomer management control unit, a CPU and a monitoring unit, wherein the capacitor module The unit is connected with the BMS single management control unit through the connector, the BMS single management control unit is connected with the CPU through a bus connection, and the monitoring unit is connected with the CPU, wherein the capacitor module unit includes a plurality of super capacitors, and the above-mentioned Multiple supercapacitors are connected in series, and the above multiple supercapacitors are connected in parallel between the positive and negative poles of the power supply; the BMS unit management control unit performs equalization control according to the control information returned by the CPU, and the monitoring unit collects the capacitance module unit in real time. The power quality information is sent to the CPU processor, and the CPU is used to estimate the state of charge SOC, the state of health SOH, and the state of power SOP, to determine the operating state of each supercapacitor, whether the charging and discharging process is uniform, and whether the state is stable.

Description

Energy storage unit based on super capacitor

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of power supply, and particularly relates to the technical field of super capacitor energy storage.

Background

In the existing energy-saving and environment-friendly products, the requirements on the power supply mainly comprise: power density, service life, time required for charging and discharging, power supply system cost, safety in use, and the like. Because the voltage of the super capacitor single body is too low, in order to meet the requirements of a high-power energy storage system on capacity and voltage, a plurality of super capacitors are generally connected in series or in parallel to form a super capacitor assembly for use. The series electrical combination of the plurality of super capacitors causes voltage imbalance, and further causes problems of overcharge, overdischarge, capacitor overvoltage breakdown, or system runaway and the like of the super capacitors. And the service life, the safety and the use efficiency of the super capacitor are greatly influenced. As can be seen from the above, in the prior art, there is a voltage imbalance phenomenon when a plurality of super capacitors are electrically combined in series, and through retrieval and comparison with document 1 CN103595101B, a super capacitor energy storage device is disclosed, which includes a plurality of super capacitors connected in series and a single super capacitor protection circuit connected in parallel with each super capacitor; the single super capacitor protection circuit consists of a voltage-sharing circuit and an overvoltage alarm circuit; the voltage-sharing circuit is connected with the overvoltage alarm circuit in parallel; the voltage equalizing circuit is used for stabilizing the voltages at two ends of the super capacitors connected in parallel with the voltage equalizing circuit, so that the voltages at two ends of the series super capacitors are consistent; the overvoltage alarm circuit is used for alarming when the detection voltage exceeds the limit, and outputting an alarm signal when the detection voltage exceeds the limit; the single super capacitor protection circuit can independently realize voltage-sharing and overvoltage protection of each single super capacitor; an overvoltage alarm circuit is designed in each single super capacitor protection circuit;

compared with the document 2 CN206894286U, the patent discloses an energy storage module based on a super capacitor and a mobile power supply, and the energy storage module based on the super capacitor is characterized by comprising a plurality of super capacitor modules connected in series in the same direction; each super capacitor module comprises a plurality of super capacitors connected in parallel in the same direction; the homodromous series connection means that: for any 2 adjacent super capacitor modules, the cathode of the previous super capacitor module is connected with the anode of the next super capacitor module; the parallel connection in the same direction means that the positive electrode of the capacitor connected in parallel is connected with the positive electrode, and the negative electrode of the capacitor connected in parallel is connected with the negative electrode.

Although the technology solves certain safety problems, the charging and discharging process is unbalanced, the efficiency and the service life are prolonged, and the capacity management capacity is optimized. The method comprises the steps that a super capacitor management system (BMS is a set of control system for protecting the use safety of the power super capacitor, the use state of the super capacitor is monitored all the time, the work flow of the BMS control system is that signals such as voltage and temperature of a battery core are collected and transmitted to the control system, the states of the super capacitor (SOC, SOH and the like) are estimated, and the signals are used for the control function of the BMS.

Disclosure of Invention

The present invention is directed to solving the above problems of the prior art. An energy storage unit based on a super capacitor is provided, which improves charge-discharge balance and prolongs service life. The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:

a supercapacitor-based energy storage cell, comprising: the system comprises a capacitor module unit, a connector, a BMS monomer management control unit, a CPU and a monitoring unit, wherein the capacitor module unit is connected with the BMS monomer management control unit through the connector, the BMS monomer management control unit is connected with the CPU through a bus connection, and the monitoring unit is connected with the CPU; BMS monomer management control unit gathers the signal including voltage, the temperature of super capacitor electric core, transmits CPU to carry out equalizing control according to the control information that CPU returned, monitoring unit gathers the electric energy quality information of electric capacity module unit in real time and sends for the CPU treater, CPU is used for estimating state of charge SOC, health state SOH, power state SOP, judges each super capacitor running state, and whether charge-discharge process is even, and the state is stable.

The invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:

the invention estimates the SOC, the SOH and the SOP through the CPU, and a method for jointly estimating the SOC and the SOH is adopted, a multi-time scale algorithm based on Kalman filtering is adopted, an equivalent circuit model is linked with the change of available capacity, a super capacitor lumped parameter model for jointly estimating the SOC and the SOH is established, a multi-scale extended Kalman filtering is provided based on the model, the slow change characteristic of the SOH and the quick change characteristic of the SOC are considered, the super capacitor SOH is estimated by adopting a macro scale, the super capacitor SOC is estimated by adopting a micro scale, the measurement information from different time scales is effectively fused by two estimators and a multi-scale estimation theory, the combined estimation of the SOC and the SOH of the super capacitor is completed under the working condition of the NEDC, the estimation precision is high, the convergence speed is high, and whether the charging and discharging process is uniform or not is judged.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is an electrical schematic diagram of a preferred embodiment of a supercapacitor-based energy storage cell according to the present invention;

fig. 2 is a block diagram of a BMS individual management control unit according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail and clearly with reference to the accompanying drawings. The described embodiments are only some of the embodiments of the present invention.

The technical scheme for solving the technical problems is as follows:

as shown in fig. 1, an energy storage unit based on a super capacitor includes: the system comprises a capacitor module unit, a connector, a BMS monomer management control unit, a CPU and a monitoring unit, wherein the capacitor module unit is connected with the BMS monomer management control unit through the connector, the BMS monomer management control unit is connected with the CPU through a bus connection, and the monitoring unit is connected with the CPU; BMS monomer management control unit gathers the signal including voltage, the temperature of super capacitor electric core, transmits CPU to carry out equalizing control according to the control information that CPU returned, monitoring unit gathers the electric energy quality information of electric capacity module unit in real time and sends for the CPU treater, CPU is used for estimating state of charge SOC, health state SOH, power state SOP, judges each super capacitor running state, and whether charge-discharge process is even, and the state is stable.

A capacitor module unit: the direct energy storage part is used for storing electric energy, the main component of the direct energy storage part is that high-performance capacitors are connected in a series/parallel mode, main data of the direct energy storage part are uploaded to a CPU (central processing unit) through a monitoring unit and are analyzed through a built-in SOC (state of charge), SOH (state of health) and SOP (state of power) estimation algorithm; the charging and discharging process is managed by the BMS control unit, and the maximum efficiency is ensured.

Bms (battery Management system) monomer Management control unit: directly managing the charging and discharging processes of the capacitor units under the control of a CPU (central processing unit), ensuring the maximum efficiency of each single capacitor through a balanced control management mode, and independently controlling 30 super capacitors by each BMS unit;

mon (monitering) monitoring unit: the method comprises the steps of collecting power quality information (including but not limited to residual capacity, charging current, voltage, temperature state and the like) of a capacitor unit in real time, sending the power quality information to a CPU (central processing unit), and judging the running state, the uniformity of the charging and discharging process and the stability of the state of each capacitor after corresponding program algorithms are carried out.

CPU (Central Processing Unit) processor: i.e. a processing center for monitoring and managing the capacitive units. Various data collected by the monitoring unit are analyzed and processed through a preset algorithm program, so that the efficiency and the service life of the monitoring unit are guaranteed to the maximum extent, and the capacity management capacity of the monitoring unit is optimized.

Preferably, a CIN sensor is further provided for collecting power quality information, and the power quality information of the capacitor module unit includes remaining capacity, charging current, voltage and temperature state.

Preferably, the state of health of the super capacitor is expressed as a ratio of the current capacity to the initial capacity of the super capacitor, and SOH of the super capacitor is defined as: SOH = (C _ standard-C _ fade)/C _ standard × 100% in formula: c _ fade is the lost capacity of the super capacitor; c _ standard is nominal capacity;

preferably, the estimation method of the SOC and the SOH in the CPU adopts a multi-time scale algorithm based on Kalman filtering, an equivalent circuit model is linked with the change of available capacity, a super capacitor lumped parameter model for SOC and SOH combined estimation is established, a multi-scale expansion Kalman filtering is provided based on the model, the super capacitor SOH is estimated by adopting a macro scale and a micro scale in consideration of the slow change characteristic of the SOH and the quick change characteristic of the SOC, the super capacitor SOC is estimated by adopting two estimators and a multi-scale estimation theory, measurement information from different time scales is effectively fused, and the super capacitor SOC and the SOH combined estimation is completed under the working condition of NEDC.

Preferably, the method for estimating the SOH in the CPU specifically includes: detecting the voltage, temperature and current information of the power supply at the current moment, comparing the information with a database established before to obtain an SOC value SOCn of the power supply in the current state and an SOC value SOCn1 of the power supply in one state before, and then estimating SOH by using SOH =1| SOCn1 |; the relation between the SOC and the working environment temperature, the working current and the voltage is stored in the database, the working environment temperature and the working current at the current moment are only required to be collected, the voltage value under the current state is detected, then the SOC value of the power supply under the current state and the SOC value of one of the previous states are obtained by comparing the detected value with the database according to the database in which the voltage of the power supply under different working environment temperatures and different working currents corresponds to the SOC one by one, and then the SOH value is calculated.

Preferably, as shown in fig. 2, the BMS unit management control unit mainly includes a BMU super capacitor module management unit, a BCMS super capacitor cluster management unit, a BMSC super capacitor management controller, an HMI local monitoring unit, and a DMU direct current detection unit, and the BMS employs a tree management mode and supports management and scheduling of upper computer master station software such as EMS/SCADA.

Preferably, 1, the first-stage management unit is a BMU super capacitor module management unit and is responsible for acquiring and managing voltage, current and temperature information of the single battery cell and uploading the information to the BCMS, managing a single super capacitor in the module and realizing a balancing function of the single super capacitor; 2. the second-level management unit is a BCMS super capacitor cluster management unit and is responsible for collecting information such as voltage, current and temperature of the super capacitor modules in the cluster, packaging and uploading the information to the BMSC, managing the super capacitor modules in the cluster and realizing the function of balancing in the cluster; 3. the third-level management unit is a BMSC super capacitor stack management controller and is responsible for collecting voltage, current, temperature and other information of all super capacitors in a super capacitor cluster in the stack, analyzing data, making control and protection strategies and external communication, managing all super capacitors in the stack, storing system operation historical data, and drawing real-time or historical data curves of system operation power, voltage, current, power generation, super capacitor information and the like; 4. the DMU direct current detection unit is responsible for collecting direct current voltage and current of each cluster, detecting the insulation state of a direct current bus and uploading data to the BCMS; 5. the human-computer interface HMI is responsible for locally displaying and inquiring the running states of the super capacitor stacks, the clusters and the modules, the single super capacitor information and the alarm information, can set a protection threshold value, communication parameters and the like, and can execute the functions of debugging, including self-checking and calibration.

Preferably, each BMS individual management control unit can independently control 30 super capacitors.

Description of the working principle:

and (3) charging process:

the MON monitoring unit monitors the state of each capacitor module in real time, the collected information (residual capacity, charging current, voltage, temperature state and the like) is uploaded to the CPU, the CPU obtains a corresponding information result according to an algorithm program, and the processing result is sent to the BMS capacitor monomer management control unit to realize the balanced control of all capacitor module units, so that each capacitor module can be charged in a balanced manner, and the charging efficiency and the service life of the capacitor module are ensured to the maximum extent;

and (3) discharging:

when the load equipment is connected, the monitoring unit can monitor the state of the whole machine in the discharging process, transmits information to the CPU processor, and realizes balanced control of the discharging process through the BMS control unit through a built-in algorithm program. Meanwhile, the monitoring unit can monitor the state information of each super capacitor module in the discharging process, and the safety and the efficiency of the whole capacitor unit in the discharging process are guaranteed.

It should also be noted that the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising an … …" does not exclude the presence of other like elements in a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element.

The above examples are to be construed as merely illustrative and not limitative of the remainder of the disclosure. After reading the description of the invention, the skilled person can make various changes or modifications to the invention, and these equivalent changes and modifications also fall into the scope of the invention defined by the claims.

Claims (8)

1. An energy storage unit based on a super capacitor, comprising: the system comprises a capacitor module unit, a connector, a BMS monomer management control unit, a CPU and a monitoring unit, wherein the capacitor module unit is connected with the BMS monomer management control unit through the connector, the BMS monomer management control unit is connected with the CPU through a bus connection, and the monitoring unit is connected with the CPU; BMS monomer management control unit gathers super capacitor electric core's voltage, signal including the temperature, transmit CPU, and carry out equalizing control according to the control information that CPU returned, equalizing control carries out voltage control to super capacitor through independent charging and discharging circuit, it is unanimous with all series connection's electric capacity monomer voltage general, the monitoring unit gathers the electric energy quality information of electric capacity module unit in real time and sends for the CPU treater, CPU is used for estimating state of charge SOC, health state SOH, power state SOP, judge each super capacitor running state, whether the charging and discharging process is even, whether the state is stable.

2. The energy storage unit based on the super capacitor as claimed in claim 1, wherein a CIN sensor is further provided for collecting power quality information, and the power quality information of the capacitor module unit includes remaining capacity, charging current, voltage, and temperature status.

3. The supercapacitor-based energy storage unit according to claim 1, wherein the state of health of the supercapacitor is expressed as a ratio of the current capacity to the initial capacity of the supercapacitor, and the SOH of the supercapacitor is defined as: SOH = (C _ standard-C _ fade)/C _ standard × 100% in formula: c _ fade is the lost capacity of the super capacitor; c _ standard is the nominal capacity.

4. The energy storage unit based on the super capacitor of claim 3, wherein the estimation method of the SOC and the SOH in the CPU adopts a multi-time scale algorithm based on Kalman filtering, an equivalent circuit model is linked with the change of available capacity, a super capacitor lumped parameter model for SOC and SOH combined estimation is established, a multi-scale extended Kalman filtering is provided based on the model, the SOH is estimated by adopting a macro scale and a micro scale in consideration of the slow change characteristic of the SOH and the rapid change characteristic of the SOC, the SOC is estimated, measurement information from different time scales is effectively fused by two estimators and a multi-scale estimation theory, and the super capacitor SOC and the SOH are jointly estimated under the working condition of the NEDC.

5. The energy storage unit based on super capacitor as claimed in claim 3, wherein the method for estimating SOH in CPU specifically comprises: detecting the voltage, temperature and current information of the power supply at the current moment, comparing the information with a database established before to obtain an SOC value SOCn of the power supply in the current state and an SOC value SOCn1 of the power supply in one state before, and then estimating SOH by using SOH =1| SOCn1 |; the relation between the SOC and the working environment temperature, the working current and the voltage is stored in the database, the working environment temperature and the working current at the current moment are only required to be collected, the voltage value under the current state is detected, then the SOC value of the power supply under the current state and the SOC value of one of the previous states are obtained by comparing the detected value with the database according to the database in which the voltage of the power supply under different working environment temperatures and different working currents corresponds to the SOC one by one, and then the SOH value is calculated.

6. The super capacitor-based energy storage unit of claim 1, wherein the BMS single management control unit mainly comprises a BMU super capacitor module management unit, a BCMS super capacitor cluster management unit, a BMSC super capacitor management controller, an HMI local monitoring unit and a DMU direct current detection unit, and the BMS adopts a tree management mode and supports management and scheduling of host station software of upper computers such as EMS/SCADA.

7. The supercapacitor-based energy storage cell according to claim 6,

1. the first-level management unit is a BMU super capacitor module management unit and is responsible for acquiring and managing voltage, current and temperature information of the monomer battery cores and uploading the information to the BCMS, managing monomer capacitors in the module and realizing a monomer capacitor balancing function; 2. the second-level management unit is a BCMS capacitor cluster management unit and is responsible for collecting information such as voltage, current, temperature and the like of the capacitor modules in the cluster, packaging and uploading the information to the BMSC, managing the capacitor modules in the cluster and realizing the function of balance in the cluster; 3. the third-level management unit is a BMSC super capacitor stack management controller and is responsible for collecting the voltage, current, temperature and other information of all super capacitors in a capacitor cluster in the stack, analyzing data, making control and protection strategies and external communication, managing all the super capacitors in the stack, storing system operation historical data, and drawing real-time or historical data curves of system operation power, voltage, current, power generation, super capacitor information and the like; 4. the DMU direct current detection unit is responsible for collecting direct current voltage and current of each cluster, detecting the insulation state of a direct current bus and uploading data to the BCMS; 5. the human-computer interface HMI is responsible for locally displaying and inquiring the running states of the super capacitor stacks, the clusters and the modules, the single super capacitor information and the alarm information, can set a protection threshold value, communication parameters and the like, and can execute the functions of debugging, including self-checking and calibration.

8. The supercapacitor-based energy storage unit according to claim 5, wherein each BMS cell management control unit is capable of independently controlling 30 supercapacitors.

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