Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems, the invention provides a control method of a BUCK converter, which can realize that a main power switch tube of the BUCK converter in a full-voltage full-load range reliably realizes zero-voltage switching-on in a DCM working mode, ensures the efficiency of the BUCK converter working in DCM, does not need to add other extra control and detection circuits, and has the advantages of simple control thought, low cost and the like.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme.
A control method of a BUCK converter, comprising:
sampling a negative peak value and a zero crossing point of an inductive current in the BUCK converter through an inductive current sampling circuit, generating a zero crossing signal by the inductive current sampling circuit when the inductive current has a positive zero crossing point to a negative zero crossing point, and sending the zero crossing signal to a digital signal processor;
the digital signal processor counts the number of the zero-crossing signals, controls the conduction of a synchronous rectifier tube in the BUCK converter when the count value n of the zero-crossing signals is more than or equal to 2, and controls the turn-off of the synchronous rectifier tube when the negative peak value of the inductive current reaches the internal set value of the digital signal processor;
and the synchronous rectifier tube is turned off, and after a period of dead time, the digital signal processor controls the main power tube of the BUCK converter to be turned on, so that the main power tube of the BUCK converter is turned on at zero voltage.
Optionally, the counting the number of zero-crossing signals by the digital signal processor specifically includes: when the positive zero crossing point to the negative zero crossing point of the inductive current occurs for the first time, the inductive current sampling circuit generates a first zero crossing signal, and the count of the digital signal processor is 1; when the inductive current resonates again and passes through zero from positive to negative, the digital signal processor counts and adds 1, when the zero-crossing signal count value n is larger than or equal to 2, the synchronous rectifier tube in the BUCK converter is controlled to be conducted, and after the synchronous rectifier tube is conducted, the digital signal processor clears the zero-crossing count value.
Optionally, when the synchronous rectifier tube is turned on, the output capacitor reversely excites the inductor through the synchronous rectifier tube, the inductor current increases in a negative direction, and when the negative peak value of the inductor current increases to a set value, the digital signal processor controls the synchronous rectifier tube to be turned off. After the synchronous rectifier tube is turned off, the energy stored in the inductor discharges the parasitic capacitor of the main power tube and charges the parasitic capacitor of the synchronous rectifier tube, and when the voltage of the parasitic capacitor of the synchronous rectifier tube is equal to the input voltage of the BUCK converter, the body diode of the main power tube of the BUCK converter is conducted. At the moment, the digital signal processor sends a main power tube switching-on signal, and the main power tube realizes ZVS conduction.
The present invention also provides a control circuit for a BUCK converter, comprising: the digital signal processor is provided with an inductive current zero-crossing counter and a PWM (pulse width modulation) controller;
the inductive current sampling circuit is used for sampling a negative peak value and a zero crossing point of inductive current, generating a zero crossing signal when the inductive current has the positive to negative zero crossing point, sending the zero crossing signal to the inductive current zero crossing counter, and outputting a peak value signal to the PWM modulation controller when the negative peak value of the inductive current appears;
the inductive current zero-crossing counter is used for counting inductive current zero-crossing signals, and outputting a switching-on signal to the synchronous rectifier tube when the counting is larger than a set value;
the PWM modulation controller is used for controlling the on-off of a synchronous rectification switching tube of the BUCK converter according to an on-off signal output by the inductive current zero-crossing counter; the synchronous rectification switch tube is used for controlling the turn-off of the synchronous rectification switch tube according to the negative peak value of the inductive current; and the control circuit is used for controlling the main power tube of the BUCK converter to be switched on after the synchronous rectifier tube is switched off and a period of dead time, so that the main power tube is switched on at zero voltage.
Optionally, the control circuit is further provided with an output voltage sampling circuit, and the digital signal processor is further provided with a digital compensator;
the output voltage sampling circuit is used for sampling an output voltage signal and transmitting the sampled signal to the digital compensator;
the digital compensator is used for outputting a compensation signal to the PWM modulation controller according to the output voltage sampling signal, and the PWM modulation controller adjusts the output voltage of the BUCK converter according to the compensation signal output by the digital compensator so that the output voltage is maintained at a stable value.
Optionally, the set value is 2.
When the main power tube is turned off, the body diode of the synchronous rectifier tube is conducted, the inductance is demagnetized, the inductance current is reduced to zero, the inductance current sampling circuit detects the zero-crossing signal, and the zero-crossing signal is transferred to a Digital Signal Processor (DSP), the DSP counts the zero-crossing signal and enters a DCM mode, the inductor resonates with the parasitic capacitance of the main power tube and the synchronous rectification power tube, when the inductive current sampling circuit triggers the inductive current zero-crossing detection circuit again, the ZCD signal count of the DSP is added with 1, when the ZCD signal count n of the DSP is more than or equal to 2, the DSP sends a switching-on signal of the synchronous rectifier tube, the synchronous rectifier tube is switched on, the output capacitor of the BUCK converter reversely excites the inductor through the synchronous rectifier tube, the inductor current is increased in a negative direction, when the negative current of the inductive current is increased to a given value, the DSP controls the synchronous rectifier tube to be turned off. At this time, the energy stored in the inductor discharges the parasitic capacitance of the main power tube and charges the parasitic capacitance of the synchronous rectifier tube, and when the voltage of the parasitic capacitance of the synchronous rectifier tube is equal to VINAnd when the body diode of the main power tube is conducted, after a period of dead time, the DSP controls the conduction of the main power tube. Therefore, the main power tube can be ensured to reliably realize ZVS within the full-voltage full-load range.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1) according to the BUCK converter control method, the zero crossing of the inductive current is detected through the DSP, the zero crossing signal is counted, when the zero crossing signal count n is larger than or equal to 2, the synchronous rectifier tube is switched on, the negative current is increased, the main tube ZVS can be realized, the control thought is simple, and the realization is easy;
2) the control method of the BUCK converter can realize ZVS of the main power switching tube in the full-voltage full-load range, is not influenced by input conditions and load conditions, does not need to add other additional control or detection circuits, and is low in cost and excellent in performance.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
Referring to fig. 1, fig. 1 shows a BUCK converter according to the present invention, which includes a main power circuit and a control circuit, the main power circuit includes a main power transistor Q1Synchronous rectifier tube Q2Inductor L1Capacitor COAnd a resistance Rs.
The control circuit includes an output voltage sampling circuit, an inductor current sampling circuit, and a Digital Signal Processor (DSP), hereinafter referred to as DSP, having a Digital compensator, an inductor current zero crossing counter, and a PWM modulation controller.
Referring to fig. 2, fig. 2 is a diagram of a switching timing and key waveforms; fig. 3 is an equivalent schematic diagram of modal operation in each period of fig. 2.
Mode 1[ t ]0-t1]The process is as follows: as shown in FIG. 3(a), t0Time main power tube Q1Turn off, voltage u across itds1Rise, at this time synchronous rectifier Q2Tube diode VD2Conduction, inductor current iL1Linearly decreases until t1The current of the inductive current drops to zero at the moment, and the inductive current detection circuit generates a zero-crossing signal at the momentThe DSP starts zero crossing signal counting.
Mode 2[ t ]1-t2]The process is as follows: as shown in fig. 3(b), at time t1, the inductor current drops to zero, and at this time, the diode VD2 of the synchronous rectifier Q2 is turned off, and the inductor L is turned off1And power main power tube Q1Synchronous rectifier tube Q2Parasitic capacitance C ofQ1、CQ2And (3) resonance occurs, the negative maximum value of the inductive current is determined by the working state of the converter, the negative peak value is generally not large, the oscillation process is damped oscillation, and the negative peak value is smaller and smaller as the oscillation period is increased. t is t2And the inductive current oscillates to the zero crossing point again at the moment, and the inductive current detection circuit is triggered to generate a first zero crossing signal. The DSP detects the zero crossing signal, counts and adds 1, and the DSP controls the synchronous rectifier Q at the moment2Making it conductive.
Mode 3[ t ]2-t3]The process is as follows: as shown in FIG. 3(c), t2Synchronous rectifier Q with zero passage of inductive current at any moment2Conducting and outputting capacitor CoFor inductor L1Charging, increasing the inductor current direction, the peak value being obtained by a synchronous rectifier Q2The on-time is determined. t is t3The negative peak value of the inductive current reaches a given value at the moment, and the DSP controls the synchronous rectifier tube Q2The switching tube turns off the switch tube, and the switching process is finished.
Mode 4[ t ]3-t4]The process is as follows: as shown in FIG. 3(d), t3Time synchronous rectifier Q2Turn-off, inductance L1、CQ1And CQ2Resonates again and is stored in the inductor L1To the capacitor CQ2Charging the capacitor CQ1Discharge with current direction shown in FIG. 3(d), t4Time CQ2Voltage rises to VINTime, main power tube Q1Body diode VD1And conducting.
Mode 5[ t ]4-t5]The process is as follows: as shown in FIG. 3(e), t4Time of day, main power tube Q1Body diode VD1Is conducted through t4-t5Main power tube Q after dead time1And conducting. Due to t5Time main power tubeQ1Terminal voltage u ofds1Already at zero, ZVS is achieved when the main power transistor Q1 is turned on.
Mode 6[ t ]5-t6]The process is as follows: as shown in FIG. 3(f), t5At any moment, the main power switch tube is conducted, and the inductor L is connected1Starting to charge the stored energy, and increasing the current linearly until t6Time of day, main power tube Q1Off and the next switching cycle begins.
In summary, when the BUCK converter operates in the DCM state, the control method of the present invention temporarily turns on the synchronous rectifier at any zero crossing signal n ≧ 2, which can ensure the main power transistor Q1Realize zero voltage switching-on in the full-voltage full-load range and reduce the main power tube Q1Optimizing efficiency in DCM. In practical application, the scheme can be slightly improved according to practical conditions to achieve the aim.
The above-described embodiments of the present invention are merely examples for illustrating the present invention, and are not intended to limit the embodiments of the present invention. Variations and modifications in other variations will occur to those skilled in the art upon reading the foregoing description. Not all embodiments are exhaustive. All obvious changes and modifications of the present invention are within the scope of the present invention.