CN113730811A - Heart defibrillator based on super capacitor - Google Patents
Heart defibrillator based on super capacitorDownload PDFInfo
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- CN113730811A CN113730811ACN202110898944.5ACN202110898944ACN113730811ACN 113730811 ACN113730811 ACN 113730811ACN 202110898944 ACN202110898944 ACN 202110898944ACN 113730811 ACN113730811 ACN 113730811A
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- defibrillation
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- storage capacitor
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
- A61N1/00—Electrotherapy; Circuits therefor
- A61N1/18—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes
- A61N1/32—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes alternating or intermittent currents
- A61N1/38—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes alternating or intermittent currents for producing shock effects
- A61N1/39—Heart defibrillators
- A61N1/3904—External heart defibrillators [EHD]
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
- A61N1/00—Electrotherapy; Circuits therefor
- A61N1/18—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes
- A61N1/32—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes alternating or intermittent currents
- A61N1/36—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes alternating or intermittent currents for stimulation
- A61N1/372—Arrangements in connection with the implantation of stimulators
- A61N1/378—Electrical supply
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
- A61N1/00—Electrotherapy; Circuits therefor
- A61N1/18—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes
- A61N1/32—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes alternating or intermittent currents
- A61N1/38—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes alternating or intermittent currents for producing shock effects
- A61N1/39—Heart defibrillators
- A61N1/3968—Constructional arrangements, e.g. casings
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0068—Battery or charger load switching, e.g. concurrent charging and load supply
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/007—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/34—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other DC sources, e.g. providing buffering
- H02J7/345—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other DC sources, e.g. providing buffering using capacitors as storage or buffering devices
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M3/00—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output
- H02M3/22—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC
- H02M3/24—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC by static converters
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J2207/00—Indexing scheme relating to details of circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J2207/50—Charging of capacitors, supercapacitors, ultra-capacitors or double layer capacitors
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B70/00—Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
- Y02B70/10—Technologies improving the efficiency by using switched-mode power supplies [SMPS], i.e. efficient power electronics conversion e.g. power factor correction or reduction of losses in power supplies or efficient standby modes
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- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Radiology & Medical Imaging (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Cardiology (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
- Electrotherapy Devices (AREA)
Abstract
Translated fromChinese
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of medical instruments, in particular to a heart defibrillator based on a super capacitor.
Background
A cardiac defibrillator is a device that uses electrical pulses to terminate ventricular fibrillation and restore sinus rhythm. It is a medical electrical device that applies electrical pulses to the skin of a patient (external electrodes) or to the exposed heart (internal electrodes) via electrodes to defibrillate the heart.
The width of the defibrillation pulse is in millisecond level, the pulse power is up to tens of kilowatts, and the defibrillation energy is hundreds of joules. Because of the limited output power of the power supply, energy is typically stored in a high voltage capacitor prior to delivering the pulse in order to deliver the defibrillation pulse. The electrical safety risk is high due to the high voltage and long high energy times present in the high voltage capacitor. In addition, when defibrillation is abandoned, it is required to discharge the electricity in the high-voltage capacitor quickly.
Cardiac defibrillators have been improved in three aspects, energy storage, energy release, and waveform generation since the invention in 1962.
Rapid charging is mainly sought in terms of energy storage. The time required by the energy storage capacitor to charge to the maximum energy storage value is the maximum energy storage time, the smaller the parameter requirement is, the better the energy storage time is, and the shorter the energy storage time is, so that the survival rate of the patient is higher. National standards specify that the time to charge a fully discharged energy storage device to maximum energy should not exceed 20 seconds. The charging time is an important index of products of various companies. There are two factors to determine the charging time, one is the power of the charger, the other is the capacity of the energy storage capacitor, the larger the charging power is, the shorter the charging time is, the larger the capacity of the energy storage capacitor is, and the longer the charging time is. In the traditional defibrillator, the output power of a low-voltage power supply limits the power of a charger, the capacity of an energy storage capacitor is overlarge, and the charging time is in the level of seconds.
In terms of energy release, the energy release efficiency is mainly improved. Because the defibrillator resistor, the contact area of the electrode plate and the patient and the like consume electric energy during electric shock, the actual defibrillation energy through the human heart is very little, and the cardioelectric current accounts for 5 percent of the total current. In addition, different patients have different transthoracic impedances, different defibrillation energies are required, and different energy delivery. When using truncated exponential waves, the energy stored in the capacitor need not be fully delivered to the patient.
In the aspect of waveform generation, monophase waves, biphase waves or even multiphase waves are realized mainly by controlling the pulse amplitude and polarity. The discharge current determines the pulse amplitude during defibrillation, and the larger the discharge current is, the higher the pulse amplitude is. The working process of the traditional defibrillator is divided into two steps of capacitor charging and defibrillation discharging. During the discharge process, the voltage of the reservoir capacitor drops rapidly due to the lack of energy replenishment of the reservoir capacitor, resulting in a rapid drop in defibrillation current. Some use passive devices such as inductors and resistors to control the release current. The passive method has a good control effect on the first phase of the two-phase wave and a poor control effect on the second phase. A supercapacitor-based cardiac defibrillator is therefore provided herein.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention discloses a super capacitor based cardiac defibrillator to solve the above problems.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a heart defibrillator based on a super capacitor, which comprises
The energy storage capacitor is connected with the patient through the electrode and forms defibrillation current in the human body of the patient;
the super capacitor is used for storing part of energy in the low-voltage direct-current power supply during standby and transferring the stored energy to the energy storage capacitor during defibrillation;
and the voltage transformation rectifying module is used for transmitting the energy of the super capacitor to the energy storage capacitor during the period of delivering the defibrillation pulse so as to maintain the voltage on the energy storage capacitor to finish defibrillation or discharge the residual voltage in the energy storage capacitor when defibrillation is finished.
Further, in the standby state, there is no energy in the energy storage capacitor, no voltage, and therefore no defibrillation current. At the moment, the super capacitor is connected with the low-voltage direct-current power supply in parallel, and partial energy in the low-voltage direct-current power supply is transferred into the super capacitor.
Furthermore, the transformation rectifying module comprises one or more groups of step-up transformers and high-voltage rectifiers.
Furthermore, the step-up transformer is a high-frequency transformer, a primary coil of the step-up transformer is driven by high-frequency alternating square wave current, and a secondary coil of the step-up transformer outputs high-voltage alternating square wave current.
Furthermore, the high-voltage rectifier converts the high-voltage alternating-current square wave current output by the secondary coil of the boosting transformer into direct current and transmits the direct current to the energy storage capacitor.
Further, the voltage across the storage capacitor is proportional to the defibrillation current. According to ohm's law, the defibrillation current is proportional to the voltage on the energy storage capacitor and inversely proportional to the transthoracic impedance of the human body. Thus, the defibrillation current can be adjusted by varying the voltage on the energy storage capacitor to achieve the desired defibrillation waveform.
Furthermore, the energy storage capacitor is connected with a discharge resistor in parallel, and when the resistance value is 2k, the discharge time constant is 1 ms.
Furthermore, the number of the super capacitors is N, and N super capacitors are connected in series, wherein N is a positive integer.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the super capacitor is connected in parallel to the low-voltage direct-current power supply to improve the power supply power of the power supply by three orders of magnitude. In the defibrillation discharging process, the super capacitor continuously provides energy for the energy storage capacitor, and defibrillation treatment with high energy and high success rate can be realized. In the defibrillation discharging process, the super capacitor continuously provides energy for the energy storage capacitor, so that the defibrillation current changes little, and very smooth exponential cutoff waveform can be realized.
The invention adopts the high-power step-up transformer to charge the energy storage capacitor, so that the energy storage capacitor works in the current zero stock state, the time of high voltage and high energy is shortened from second level to millisecond level, and the potential electrical safety risk of the defibrillator is reduced.
The invention adopts a small-capacity energy storage capacitor. The stored energy is reduced by two orders of magnitude, further reducing the potential electrical safety risks of the defibrillator.
The invention uses high charging power and small energy storage capacitor to reduce the charging time from second level to microsecond level. The charging and discharging of the energy storage capacitor is combined into one step, and the operation step is omitted. And is suitable for various types of external defibrillators.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a circuit schematic of a supercapacitor-based cardiac defibrillator.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
The embodiment discloses a super capacitor-based cardiac defibrillator as shown in fig. 1, which comprises an energy storage capacitor, a power supply and a power supply, wherein the energy storage capacitor is connected with a patient through an electrode and forms defibrillation current in the human body of the patient;
the super capacitor is used for storing part of energy in the low-voltage direct-current power supply during standby and transferring the stored energy to the energy storage capacitor during defibrillation;
and the voltage transformation rectifying module is used for transmitting the energy of the super capacitor to the energy storage capacitor during the period of delivering the defibrillation pulse so as to maintain the voltage on the energy storage capacitor to finish defibrillation or discharge the residual voltage in the energy storage capacitor when defibrillation is finished.
In this embodiment, a super capacitor is connected in parallel to the low-voltage power supply. After the low-voltage power supply is connected with the super capacitor in parallel, the pulse power of the low-voltage power supply is improved by three orders of magnitude.
The energy storage capacitor of this embodiment is connected directly to the patient. The connection of this embodiment combines the charging and discharging of the energy storage capacitor of a conventional defibrillator into one step.
The embodiment improves the storage speed of the defibrillation energy, controls the defibrillation energy release more accurately and efficiently, and generates the expected defibrillation waveform.
Example 2
In an implementation aspect, the present embodiment provides a super capacitor based defibrillation application, in which there is no energy, no voltage, and therefore no defibrillation current in the energy storage capacitor in the standby state. At the moment, the super capacitor is connected with the low-voltage direct-current power supply in parallel, and partial energy in the low-voltage direct-current power supply is transferred into the super capacitor.
In this embodiment, during defibrillation, the step-up transformer and the high-voltage rectifier work to transfer energy in the super capacitor to the energy storage capacitor, so that voltage in the energy storage capacitor is rapidly increased. The energy storage capacitor is connected with the patient and is connected with the electrodes to form defibrillation current in the human body of the patient. According to ohm's law, the defibrillation current is proportional to the voltage on the energy storage capacitor and inversely proportional to the transthoracic impedance of the human body. Thus, the defibrillation current can be adjusted by varying the voltage on the energy storage capacitor to achieve the desired defibrillation waveform.
In the embodiment, when defibrillation is finished, the boosting transformer and the high-voltage rectifier work, and residual voltage in the energy storage capacitor needs to be discharged at the same time, an internal discharge resistor is connected in parallel to the energy storage capacitor, and when the resistance value is 2k, the discharge time constant is 1 ms.
The super capacitor connected in parallel to the low-voltage direct-current power supply of the embodiment improves the power supply power of the power supply by three orders of magnitude. In the defibrillation discharging process, the super capacitor continuously provides energy for the energy storage capacitor, and defibrillation treatment with high energy and high success rate can be realized.
In the defibrillation discharging process, the super capacitor continuously provides energy for the energy storage capacitor, so that the defibrillation current changes little, and very smooth exponential cutoff waveform can be realized.
The present embodiment uses high charging power and small energy storage capacitors to reduce the charging time from seconds to microseconds. The charging and discharging of the energy storage capacitor is combined into one step, and the operation step is omitted. And is suitable for various types of external defibrillators.
Example 3
In a specific implementation aspect, the present embodiment provides a super capacitor, and the capacity of the super capacitor of the present embodiment should be appropriate. The capacity is too large, the energy stored each time is too much, and due to the leakage of the capacitor, the electric energy in the low-voltage direct-current power supply is wasted, and the weight of the defibrillator is increased. Too small a volume and too large an internal resistance to provide the power needed for defibrillation.
The single super capacitor has large capacity but low voltage, so the single super capacitor is not beneficial to improving the power of the booster transformer. According to the invention, the module with N super capacitors connected in series is adopted, so that the output voltage of the super capacitor module is increased by N times, and the stored energy of the module is the sum of the stored energy of each single super capacitor.
In the embodiment, a super capacitor of 2.7V and 100F is selected, and the full-charge stored energy is 360J, which is equivalent to the maximum energy of one-time defibrillation. The ten stored energies are 3600J.
In the embodiment, a super capacitor of 2.7V and 10F is selected, and the full-charge stored energy is 36J, which is equivalent to the maximum energy of one defibrillation. The twenty stored energies were 720J.
The defibrillation energy in this embodiment is the power integrated over time during the delivery of the defibrillation pulse. In external defibrillation, the larger the energy is, the higher the defibrillation success rate is, the success rate of 100J is about 50%, and the defibrillation success rate of 200-300J is about 85%. Since the maximum energy for a single defibrillation is 360J, only half of the stored energy in the super capacitor is consumed.
Therefore, the super capacitor of the embodiment can realize a high-energy and high-rate treatment scheme of 360J.
Example 4
In one embodiment, the step-up transformer and the high voltage rectifier continuously replenish the energy storage capacitor to maintain the voltage across the energy storage capacitor during delivery of the defibrillation pulse.
In order to achieve the above object, the step-up transformer of the present embodiment uses a high-frequency transformer, in which a primary winding is driven by a high-frequency ac square-wave current, and a secondary winding outputs a high-voltage ac square-wave current. The high-voltage rectifier converts the high-voltage alternating-current square wave current output by the secondary coil of the step-up transformer into direct current to supplement energy for the energy storage capacitor.
The step-up transformer and the high-voltage rectifier of the present embodiment may be used in one or more sets.
The step-up transformer and high voltage rectifier charging power of the present embodiment is improved by three orders of magnitude over conventional defibrillators.
Example 5
In one embodiment, the present invention provides an energy storage capacitor. During the defibrillation pulse, the boosting transformer and the high-voltage rectifier continuously supplement energy for the energy storage capacitor, and the supplement period is microsecond. A very small storage capacitor can be chosen.
In the embodiment, a 0.47uF energy storage capacitor is selected, the defibrillation voltage is 2000V, and the stored energy is 1J.
In conclusion, the super capacitor is connected in parallel to the low-voltage direct-current power supply to improve the power supply power of the power supply by three orders of magnitude. In the defibrillation discharging process, the super capacitor continuously provides energy for the energy storage capacitor, and defibrillation treatment with high energy and high success rate can be realized. In the defibrillation discharging process, the super capacitor continuously provides energy for the energy storage capacitor, so that the defibrillation current changes little, and very smooth exponential cutoff waveform can be realized.
The invention adopts the high-power step-up transformer to charge the energy storage capacitor, so that the energy storage capacitor works in the current zero stock state, the time of high voltage and high energy is shortened from second level to millisecond level, and the potential electrical safety risk of the defibrillator is reduced.
The invention adopts a small-capacity energy storage capacitor. The stored energy is reduced by two orders of magnitude, further reducing the potential electrical safety risks of the defibrillator.
The invention uses high charging power and small energy storage capacitor to reduce the charging time from second level to microsecond level. The charging and discharging of the energy storage capacitor is combined into one step, and the operation step is omitted. And is suitable for various types of external defibrillators.
The above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, but not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (8)
Translated fromChinesePriority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202110898944.5ACN113730811A (en) | 2021-08-04 | 2021-08-04 | Heart defibrillator based on super capacitor |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202110898944.5ACN113730811A (en) | 2021-08-04 | 2021-08-04 | Heart defibrillator based on super capacitor |
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| CN113730811Atrue CN113730811A (en) | 2021-12-03 |
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Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20040267322A1 (en)* | 2003-06-27 | 2004-12-30 | Medtronic Physio-Control Corp. | Portable defibrillator with bypass line power emergency charging of capacitor |
| CN1607971A (en)* | 2001-03-20 | 2005-04-20 | 皇家菲利浦电子有限公司 | Defibrillator using low impedance high capacitance double layer capacitor |
| CN107069854A (en)* | 2017-03-28 | 2017-08-18 | 中国工程物理研究院应用电子学研究所 | A kind of low input electric power compact repetition high voltage charging power supply |
| US20180161589A1 (en)* | 2016-12-12 | 2018-06-14 | Revive Solutions, Inc. | Defibrillator |
| CN112439128A (en)* | 2020-12-08 | 2021-03-05 | 上海健康医学院 | Ultra-low voltage energy storage type cardiac defibrillator |
- 2021
- 2021-08-04CNCN202110898944.5Apatent/CN113730811A/enactivePending
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1607971A (en)* | 2001-03-20 | 2005-04-20 | 皇家菲利浦电子有限公司 | Defibrillator using low impedance high capacitance double layer capacitor |
| US20040267322A1 (en)* | 2003-06-27 | 2004-12-30 | Medtronic Physio-Control Corp. | Portable defibrillator with bypass line power emergency charging of capacitor |
| US20180161589A1 (en)* | 2016-12-12 | 2018-06-14 | Revive Solutions, Inc. | Defibrillator |
| CN107069854A (en)* | 2017-03-28 | 2017-08-18 | 中国工程物理研究院应用电子学研究所 | A kind of low input electric power compact repetition high voltage charging power supply |
| CN112439128A (en)* | 2020-12-08 | 2021-03-05 | 上海健康医学院 | Ultra-low voltage energy storage type cardiac defibrillator |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
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| 宛霞等: "生理学实验", 31 March 1995, 中国商业出版社, pages: 20* |
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