技术领域technical field
本发明涉及一种超导加速器，特别是关于一种基于固体传导冷却的无液氦射频超导加速器，属于超导技术领域。The invention relates to a superconducting accelerator, in particular to a liquid helium-free radio frequency superconducting accelerator based on solid conduction cooling, and belongs to the technical field of superconducting.
背景技术Background technique
带电粒子加速器是高能物理、原子分子物理、生命及材料科学、核物理及放射性核素研究等领域不可缺少的研究手段。得益于射频超导加速腔(超导腔)极低的表面电阻，与常温加速器相比，超导加速器具有可工作于高占空比甚至连续波模式的优点，射频超导是现代粒子加速器的核心技术之一。Charged particle accelerators are indispensable research tools in the fields of high energy physics, atomic and molecular physics, life and material science, nuclear physics and radionuclide research. Thanks to the extremely low surface resistance of the radio frequency superconducting accelerating cavity (superconducting cavity), compared with room temperature accelerators, superconducting accelerators have the advantage of being able to work in high duty cycle or even continuous wave mode. Radio frequency superconducting is one of the core technologies of modern particle accelerators.
超导腔是超导加速器的核心加速部件。当前，超导腔主要采用低温超导材料金属铌制造，需浸泡在温度为2K-4K的液氦里实现冷却。但是，液氦浸泡冷却方式导致制冷系统结构复杂，造价高昂，且需要高度专业的低温制冷运行与维护团队，这严重制约了当前以纯铌超导腔为核心的超导加速器的应用范围。因此，如何摆脱液氦束缚是降低超导加速器复杂程度、运维难度以及拓展超导加速器应用范围的关键。Superconducting cavities are the core accelerating components of superconducting accelerators. At present, superconducting cavities are mainly made of niobium, a low-temperature superconducting material, and need to be immersed in liquid helium at a temperature of 2K-4K to achieve cooling. However, the liquid helium immersion cooling method leads to complex structure of the refrigeration system, high cost, and requires a highly professional cryogenic refrigeration operation and maintenance team, which seriously restricts the application range of superconducting accelerators with pure niobium superconducting cavities as the core. Therefore, how to get rid of the shackles of liquid helium is the key to reducing the complexity of superconducting accelerators, the difficulty of operation and maintenance, and expanding the application range of superconducting accelerators.
一方面，具有高超导转变温度(Tc)及高过热磁场的Nb3Sn、MgB2、NbN、NbTiN、铁基超导体等射频超导材料，在4.2K甚至更高温度下的射频性能可达到铌基超导腔2K下的水平；另一方面，当前的工业制冷机在4.2K低温下的制冷功率已达到2W，且其制冷功率随温度的提高而增大，具备通过固体传导的冷却方式驱动基于Nb3Sn、MgB2、NbN、NbTiN、铁基超导体等高温超导材料的超导腔稳定工作的能力。On the one hand, radio frequency superconducting materials such as Nb3 Sn , MgB2 , NbN, NbTiN, and iron-based superconductors with high superconducting transition temperature (Tc ) and high superheated magnetic field can reach the level of niobium-based superconducting cavities at 4.2K orhigher . 3 Ability to work stably in superconducting cavities of high-temperature superconducting materials such as Sn, MgB2 , NbN, NbTiN, and iron-based superconductors.
发明内容Contents of the invention
针对上述问题，本发明的目的是提供一种基于固体传导冷却的无液氦射频超导加速器，以摆脱传统超导腔必须浸泡在液氦里冷却的工作方式，降低射频超导技术的应用难度。In view of the above problems, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a liquid helium-free radio frequency superconducting accelerator based on solid conduction cooling, so as to get rid of the traditional working mode that the superconducting cavity must be immersed in liquid helium for cooling, and reduce the application difficulty of radio frequency superconducting technology.
为实现上述目的，本发明采取以下技术方案：一种无液氦射频超导加速器，包括带电粒子注入系统、束流传输系统、加速模组系统、功率源系统、低电平与控制系统和应用终端；其中，所述加速模组系统的输入端和输出端分别通过所述束流传输系统连接所述带电粒子注入系统的输出端和所述应用终端的输入端；所述带电粒子注入系统被配置为产生特定能量、特定种类、特定流强、特定参数的带电粒子束流；所述束流传输系统被配置为引导从所述带电粒子注入系统引出的带电粒子束流进入所述加速模组系统的超导腔被加速，以及引导从所述加速模组系统的超导腔引出的被加速的带电粒子束流按照指定的轨迹传输到所述应用终端；所述功率源系统与所述加速模组系统的超导腔连接，所述功率源系统被配置为向所述加速模组系统的超导腔提供射频功率，以在所述超导腔内建立射频电磁场，使带电粒子束流在所述超导腔内受电磁场作用而被加速；所述低电平与控制系统分别与所述带电粒子注入系统、束流传输系统、加速模组系统和应用终端电连接，所述低电平与控制系统被配置为通过采集加速器的温度、真空度、射频、束流位置、束流能量、束流发射度信号并进行处理，以监测加速器的运行状态，维持所述超导腔内的电磁场幅度和相位稳定。In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions: a liquid-free helium radio-frequency superconducting accelerator, including a charged particle injection system, a beam transmission system, an acceleration module system, a power source system, a low-level and control system, and an application terminal; wherein, the input end and the output end of the acceleration module system are respectively connected to the output end of the charged particle injection system and the input end of the application terminal through the beam transmission system; The flow transmission system is configured to guide the charged particle beam drawn from the charged particle injection system into the superconducting cavity of the accelerating module system to be accelerated, and guide the accelerated charged particle beam drawn from the superconducting cavity of the accelerating module system to be transmitted to the application terminal according to a specified trajectory; the power source system is connected to the superconducting cavity of the accelerating module system, and the power source system is configured to provide radio frequency power to the superconducting cavity of the accelerating module system to establish a radio frequency electromagnetic field in the superconducting cavity to make the charged particle beam flow The superconducting cavity is accelerated by the action of an electromagnetic field; the low level and control system is electrically connected to the charged particle injection system, the beam transmission system, the acceleration module system and the application terminal respectively, and the low level and control system is configured to collect and process signals of the temperature, vacuum degree, radio frequency, beam position, beam energy, and beam emittance of the accelerator to monitor the operating state of the accelerator and maintain the stability of the electromagnetic field amplitude and phase in the superconducting cavity.
所述的无液氦射频超导加速器，优选地，所述加速模组系统包括：超导腔，被配置成给带电粒子束流提供能量；低温单元，被配置成向所述超导腔提供所需的低温环境；真空单元，与所述超导腔连接，所述真空单元被配置成向所述超导腔提供运行所需的腔体真空环境与夹层真空环境。In the liquid helium-free radio frequency superconducting accelerator, preferably, the acceleration module system includes: a superconducting cavity configured to provide energy to the charged particle beam; a cryogenic unit configured to provide the superconducting cavity with a required low temperature environment; a vacuum unit connected to the superconducting cavity, and the vacuum unit configured to provide the superconducting cavity with the cavity vacuum environment and the interlayer vacuum environment required for operation.
所述的无液氦射频超导加速器，优选地，所述功率源系统包括功率源和耦合器，所述耦合器与所述超导腔的耦合口连接，所述耦合器被配置为将所述功率源输出的射频功率馈入所述超导腔。In the liquid helium-free radio frequency superconducting accelerator, preferably, the power source system includes a power source and a coupler, the coupler is connected to the coupling port of the superconducting cavity, and the coupler is configured to feed the radio frequency power output by the power source into the superconducting cavity.
所述的无液氦射频超导加速器，优选地，所述束流传输系统包括束流管道、磁铁元件以及束流诊断元件，所述束流管道采用不锈钢加工而成并与所述加速模组系统的管道对接，所述束流管道抽真空，且真空度低于1e-5Pa，所述束流管道的连接处全部采用金属密封保证高真空；所述束流管道上布置有测量带电粒子束流位置、能量、流强、发射度的束流诊断元件，所述束流管道上还布置有用于带电粒子束流偏转的二极磁铁，和/或用于带电粒子束流聚焦的螺线管和四极磁铁，和/或用于消色散的六极磁铁，和/或用于辐照所需的扫描磁铁，以及根据应用需求所需的其他磁铁元件。In the liquid helium-free radio-frequency superconducting accelerator, preferably, the beam transmission system includes a beam pipeline, a magnet element and a beam diagnostic element. The beam pipeline is made of stainless steel and is connected with the pipeline of the acceleration module system. The beam pipeline is evacuated, and the vacuum degree is lower than 1e-5Pa. Dipole magnets for charged particle beam deflection, and/or solenoid and quadrupole magnets for charged particle beam focusing, and/or hexapole magnets for dedispersion, and/or scanning magnets for irradiation, and other magnet elements as required according to application requirements.
所述的无液氦射频超导加速器，优选地，所述带电粒子注入系统产生的带电粒子包括电子、质子或碳离子等。In the liquid helium-free radio frequency superconducting accelerator, preferably, the charged particles generated by the charged particle injection system include electrons, protons or carbon ions.
所述的无液氦射频超导加速器，优选地，所述低温单元包括：冷屏，罩设在所述超导腔的外部，所述冷屏被配制成降低所述超导腔的静态热损；磁屏蔽层，布置在所述冷屏和超导腔之间的空间内，所述磁屏蔽层被配制成屏蔽地球环境磁场，减小所述超导腔的磁通俘获；导冷块，多组所述导冷块布置在所述超导腔的发热区域，且所述导冷块的内表面与所述超导腔的外表面贴合；二级冷板，设置在所述导冷块的上方，且所述二级冷板的一侧通过柔性冷链分别与多组所述导冷块连接；制冷机，至少一台所述制冷机设置在所述二级冷板的上方，且所述制冷机的二级冷头通过柔性冷链与所述二级冷板的另一侧连接。In the liquid helium-free radio-frequency superconducting accelerator, preferably, the cryogenic unit includes: a cold shield, which is arranged outside the superconducting cavity, and the cold shield is configured to reduce the static heat loss of the superconducting cavity; a magnetic shielding layer is arranged in the space between the cold shield and the superconducting cavity, and the magnetic shielding layer is configured to shield the earth's environmental magnetic field and reduce the magnetic flux capture of the superconducting cavity; multiple sets of cooling blocks are arranged in the heating area of the superconducting cavity, and the inner surface of the cooling block is in contact with the superconducting cavity. The outer surface of the cavity is bonded; the secondary cold plate is arranged above the cold-conducting block, and one side of the secondary cold plate is respectively connected to multiple groups of the cold-conducting blocks through a flexible cold chain; for a refrigerator, at least one refrigerator is arranged above the secondary cold plate, and the secondary cold head of the refrigerator is connected to the other side of the secondary cold plate through a flexible cold chain.
所述的无液氦射频超导加速器，优选地，所述导冷块为对半抱箍形式，所述导冷块的对半抱箍均通过螺钉螺母紧固相连；同时，在所述导冷块与超导腔的接触界面上以及对半抱箍连接处均布置有铟片；在所述超导腔的发热区域外表面、导冷块、二级冷板和二级冷头上均布置有温度传感器，用于监控所述超导腔的温度变化；同时，在所述二级冷头上布置有高精度加热器，用于配合温控仪和温度传感器，实现在30-15K之间降温速率平稳且在1min/K-5min/K之间连续可调的条件，且确保所述超导腔在轴线方向的温度梯度≤0.025K/cm；在所述超导腔的外表面布置有磁通门探头，所述磁通门探头需能够准确测量≤10mGs的磁场强度，用以剩磁测量及监测。In the liquid helium-free radio frequency superconducting accelerator, preferably, the cooling block is in the form of half hoops, and the half hoops of the cooling block are fastened and connected by screws and nuts; at the same time, indium sheets are arranged on the contact interface between the cooling block and the superconducting cavity and at the junction of the half hoops; temperature sensors are arranged on the outer surface of the heating area of the superconducting cavity, the cooling block, the secondary cold plate and the secondary cold head, for monitoring the temperature change of the superconducting cavity; meanwhile, high-precision heaters are arranged on the secondary cold head, It is used to cooperate with the temperature controller and temperature sensor to realize the condition that the cooling rate is stable between 30-15K and continuously adjustable between 1min/K-5min/K, and ensure that the temperature gradient of the superconducting cavity in the axial direction is ≤0.025K/cm; a fluxgate probe is arranged on the outer surface of the superconducting cavity, and the fluxgate probe must be able to accurately measure the magnetic field strength of ≤10mGs for residual magnetism measurement and monitoring.
所述的无液氦射频超导加速器，优选地，所述真空单元包括：真空罩，罩设在所述冷屏的外部，所述真空罩被配置成在所述真空罩与所述超导腔之间形成用于降低静态热损的夹层真空环境；真空管路，两组所述真空管路的一端通过真空角阀分别与所述超导腔的两束流管道连接，两组所述真空管路的另一端穿出所述真空罩后与真空泵组连接，以在所述超导腔和真空管路所组成的超导腔-管道系统内形成用于带电粒子加速的腔体真空环境。In the liquid helium-free radio-frequency superconducting accelerator, preferably, the vacuum unit includes: a vacuum cover, which is arranged on the outside of the cold shield, and the vacuum cover is configured to form a sandwich vacuum environment between the vacuum cover and the superconducting cavity for reducing static heat loss; a vacuum pipeline, one end of the two sets of vacuum pipelines is respectively connected to the two beam pipelines of the superconducting cavity through a vacuum angle valve, and the other end of the two sets of vacuum pipelines is connected to the vacuum pump group after passing through the vacuum cover, so that the superconducting cavity and the vacuum pipeline are formed. Superconducting cavity-cavity vacuum environment is formed in the tube system for the acceleration of charged particles.
所述的无液氦射频超导加速器，优选地，所述真空罩采用不锈钢材质，内外表面采用抛光处理；所述真空罩的顶部具有所述制冷机的对接口，侧面具有所述真空管路的对接口，底部具有所述耦合器的对接口；所述真空罩上留有温度传感器穿墙件，用于所述温度传感器的数据线对接；所述真空罩上留有磁探头传感器穿墙件，用于所述磁通门探头的数据线对接；所述真空罩预留回填口，用于高纯氮气充气恢复真空和管道清洗。In the liquid helium-free radio-frequency superconducting accelerator, preferably, the vacuum cover is made of stainless steel, and the inner and outer surfaces are polished; the top of the vacuum cover has a docking port of the refrigerator, the side has a docking port of the vacuum pipeline, and the bottom has a docking port of the coupler; the vacuum cover has a temperature sensor through the wall, which is used for the data line of the temperature sensor. Gas recovery vacuum and pipe cleaning.
所述的无液氦射频超导加速器，优选地，还包括设置在所述真空罩顶部的减震器，所述制冷机设置在所述减震器上；同时，通过所述制冷机的二级冷头与所述超导腔之间的柔性冷链有效隔阻所述制冷机的震动向所述超导腔传递；所述超导腔通过无磁材料制作的支撑结构支撑在所述真空罩内，且所述支撑结构上布置有微调杆。The liquid helium-free radio-frequency superconducting accelerator preferably also includes a shock absorber arranged on the top of the vacuum cover, and the refrigerator is arranged on the shock absorber; at the same time, the vibration of the refrigerator is effectively blocked from being transmitted to the superconducting cavity through the flexible cold chain between the secondary cold head of the refrigerator and the superconducting cavity; the superconducting cavity is supported in the vacuum cover by a support structure made of a non-magnetic material, and a fine-tuning rod is arranged on the support structure.
本发明由于采取以上技术方案，其具有以下优点：The present invention has the following advantages due to the adoption of the above technical scheme:
本发明带电粒子束流经注入系统产生和引出，经束流传输系统被引入到加速模组，功率源系统向加速模组提供高频功率，低电平与控制系统监测运行、维持超导腔内的电磁场幅度和相位稳定，带电粒子在加速模组内得到加速后，再经束流传输系统被引入应用终端。由于基于商业制冷机，并通过固体传导的方式对超导腔进行冷却，使超导腔在低温下稳定运行，加速带电粒子束流，摆脱当前射频超导加速腔只能浸泡在液氦里的冷却方式，省去结构复杂的液氦浸泡冷却恒温器和造价昂贵占地规模大的液氦低温站，具有价格便宜、占地面积小、结构简单、布局紧凑、运维方便等优点，能够显著降低射频超导加速器的应用难度，大大拓展射频超导加速器的应用范围。The charged particle beam of the present invention is generated and extracted by the injection system, and introduced into the acceleration module through the beam transmission system. The power source system provides high-frequency power to the acceleration module. The low-level and control system monitors the operation and maintains the stability of the electromagnetic field amplitude and phase in the superconducting cavity. After the charged particles are accelerated in the acceleration module, they are introduced into the application terminal through the beam transmission system. Because it is based on a commercial refrigerator and cools the superconducting cavity through solid conduction, the superconducting cavity can run stably at low temperature, accelerate the charged particle beam, get rid of the current cooling method that the RF superconducting acceleration cavity can only be immersed in liquid helium, and save the complex structure of the liquid helium immersion cooling thermostat and the expensive and large-scale liquid helium cryogenic station. It has the advantages of cheap price, small footprint, simple structure, compact layout, and convenient operation and maintenance. range.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本发明一实施例提供的无液氦射频超导加速器的结构示意图；Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of a liquid helium-free radio frequency superconducting accelerator provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
图2为本发明该实施例提供的加速模组系统的轴向剖面示意图。Fig. 2 is a schematic axial sectional view of the acceleration module system provided by this embodiment of the present invention.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
为使本发明的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合附图对本发明的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述。显然，所描述的实施例是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the present invention clearer, the technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Apparently, the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by persons of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
在本发明的描述中，需要说明的是，术语“上”、“下”、“内”、“外”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本发明和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的系统或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本发明的限制。此外，使用术语“第一”、“第二”等词语来限定零部件，仅仅是为了便于对上述零部件进行区别，如没有另行声明，上述词语并没有特殊含义，不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性。In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the orientation or positional relationship indicated by the terms "upper", "lower", "inner", "outer" and the like are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, which are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the system or component referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be construed as limiting the present invention. In addition, terms such as "first" and "second" are used to define parts and components only for the convenience of distinguishing the above-mentioned parts. If there is no other statement, the above-mentioned words have no special meaning and cannot be interpreted as indicating or implying relative importance.
在本发明的描述中，需要说明的是，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“安装”、“设置”、“连接”应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或一体地连接；可以是机械连接，也可以是电连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以具体情况理解上述术语在本发明中的具体含义。In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise specified and limited, the terms "installation", "setting", and "connection" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it may be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it may be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it may be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediary, or it may be an internal connection between two components. Those of ordinary skill in the art can understand the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention in specific situations.
本发明提供的无液氦射频超导加速器，包括带电粒子注入系统、束流传输系统、加速模组系统、功率源系统、低电平与控制系统和应用终端；其中，加速模组系统的输入端和输出端分别通过束流传输系统连接带电粒子注入系统的输出端和应用终端的输入端；带电粒子注入系统被配置为产生特定能量、特定种类、特定流强、特定参数的带电粒子束流；束流传输系统被配置为引导从带电粒子注入系统引出的带电粒子束流进入加速模组系统的超导腔被加速，以及引导从加速模组系统的超导腔引出的被加速的带电粒子束流按照指定的轨迹传输到应用终端；功率源系统与加速模组系统的超导腔连接，功率源系统被配置为向加速模组系统的超导腔提供射频功率，以在超导腔内建立射频电磁场，使带电粒子束流在超导腔内受电磁场作用而被加速；低电平与控制系统分别与带电粒子注入系统、束流传输系统、加速模组系统和应用终端电连接，低电平与控制系统被配置为通过采集加速器的温度、真空度、射频、束流位置、束流能量、束流发射度信号并进行处理，以监测加速器的运行状态，维持超导腔内的电磁场幅度和相位稳定。本发明通过固体传导的方式对超导腔进行冷却，使超导腔在低温下稳定运行，加速带电粒子束流，摆脱当前射频超导加速腔只能浸泡在液氦里的冷却方式，省去结构复杂的液氦浸泡冷却恒温器和造价昂贵占地规模大的液氦低温站，价格便宜、占地面积小、结构简单、布局紧凑、运维方便等优点，能够显著降低射频超导加速器的应用难度，大大拓展射频超导加速器的应用范围。The liquid helium-free radio-frequency superconducting accelerator provided by the present invention includes a charged particle injection system, a beam transmission system, an acceleration module system, a power source system, a low-level and control system, and an application terminal; wherein, the input end and the output end of the acceleration module system are respectively connected to the output end of the charged particle injection system and the input end of the application terminal through the beam transmission system; the charged particle injection system is configured to generate a charged particle beam with specific energy, specific type, specific current intensity, and specific parameters; the beam transmission system is configured to guide the charged particle beam drawn from the charged particle injection system The charged particle beam enters the superconducting cavity of the accelerating module system to be accelerated, and guides the accelerated charged particle beam drawn from the superconducting cavity of the accelerating module system to be transmitted to the application terminal according to the specified trajectory; the power source system is connected with the superconducting cavity of the accelerating module system, and the power source system is configured to provide radio frequency power to the superconducting cavity of the accelerating module system to establish a radio frequency electromagnetic field in the superconducting cavity, so that the charged particle beam is accelerated by the electromagnetic field in the superconducting cavity; the low level and control system are respectively connected with the charged particle injection system , the beam transmission system, the acceleration module system and the application terminal are electrically connected, and the low level and the control system are configured to collect and process the temperature, vacuum degree, radio frequency, beam position, beam energy, and beam emittance signals of the accelerator to monitor the operating status of the accelerator and maintain the stability of the electromagnetic field amplitude and phase in the superconducting cavity. The invention cools the superconducting cavity by means of solid conduction, makes the superconducting cavity run stably at low temperature, accelerates the beam of charged particles, gets rid of the current cooling method in which the radio frequency superconducting accelerating cavity can only be immersed in liquid helium, and saves the liquid helium immersion cooling thermostat with complex structure and the liquid helium cryogenic station which is expensive and occupies a large scale.
下面结合附图对本发明提供的无液氦射频超导加速器做详细介绍。The liquid helium-free radio frequency superconducting accelerator provided by the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
如图1所示，本实施例提供的无液氦射频超导加速器包括带电粒子注入系统10、束流传输系统20、加速模组系统30、功率源系统40、低电平与控制系统50和应用终端60。其中，加速模组系统30的输入端和输出端分别通过束流传输系统20连接带电粒子注入系统10的输出端和应用终端60的输入端。带电粒子注入系统10被配置为产生特定能量、特定种类、特定流强、特定参数的带电粒子束流，束流传输系统20被配置为引导从带电粒子注入系统10引出的带电粒子束流进入加速模组系统30的超导腔被加速，以及引导从加速模组系统30的超导腔引出的被加速的带电粒子束流按照指定的轨迹传输到应用终端60；功率源系统40与加速模组系统30的超导腔连接，功率源系统40被配置为向加速模组系统30的超导腔提供射频功率，以在超导腔内建立射频电磁场，使带电粒子束流在超导腔内受电磁场作用而被加速；低电平与控制系统50，分别与带电粒子注入系统10、束流传输系统20、加速模组系统30和应用终端60电连接，低电平与控制系统50被配置为通过采集加速器的温度、真空度、射频、束流位置、束流能量、束流发射度等信号并进行处理，以监测加速器的运行状态，维持超导腔内的电磁场幅度和相位稳定。As shown in FIG. 1 , the liquid helium-free RF superconducting accelerator provided in this embodiment includes a charged particle injection system 10 , a beam transmission system 20 , an acceleration module system 30 , a power source system 40 , a low level and control system 50 and an application terminal 60 . Wherein, the input end and the output end of the acceleration module system 30 are respectively connected to the output end of the charged particle injection system 10 and the input end of the application terminal 60 through the beam transmission system 20 . The charged particle injection system 10 is configured to generate a charged particle beam of specific energy, specific type, specific current intensity, and specific parameters. The beam delivery system 20 is configured to guide the charged particle beam drawn from the charged particle injection system 10 into the superconducting cavity of the acceleration module system 30 to be accelerated, and guide the accelerated charged particle beam drawn from the superconducting cavity of the acceleration module system 30 to be transmitted to the application terminal 60 according to a specified trajectory; the power source system 40 and the superconducting cavity of the acceleration module system 30 Connected, the power source system 40 is configured to provide radio frequency power to the superconducting cavity of the accelerating module system 30, so as to establish a radio frequency electromagnetic field in the superconducting cavity, so that the charged particle beam is accelerated by the electromagnetic field in the superconducting cavity; the low level and control system 50 are respectively electrically connected with the charged particle injection system 10, the beam transmission system 20, the acceleration module system 30 and the application terminal 60. , beam emittance and other signals and process them to monitor the operating status of the accelerator and maintain the stability of the amplitude and phase of the electromagnetic field in the superconducting cavity.
上述实施例中，优选地，加速模组系统30包括：超导腔1，被配置成给带电粒子束流提供能量；低温单元2，被配置成向超导腔1提供所需的低温环境；真空单元3，与超导腔1连接，真空单元3被配置成向超导腔1提供运行所需的腔体真空环境与夹层真空环境。In the above embodiment, preferably, the acceleration module system 30 includes: a superconducting cavity 1 configured to provide energy to the charged particle beam; a low-temperature unit 2 configured to provide the superconducting cavity 1 with the required low-temperature environment; a vacuum unit 3 connected to the superconducting cavity 1, and the vacuum unit 3 configured to provide the superconducting cavity 1 with the cavity vacuum environment and interlayer vacuum environment required for operation.
上述实施例中，优选地，功率源系统40主要包括功率源(图中未示出)和耦合器4，耦合器4与超导腔1的耦合口连接，耦合器4被配置为将功率源输出的射频功率馈入超导腔1。在本实施例中，功率源为固态功率源，工作频率为1.3GHz，输出功率为10kW；耦合器4的工作频率为1.3GHz，最大运行功率为5kW。In the above embodiment, preferably, the power source system 40 mainly includes a power source (not shown in the figure) and a coupler 4, the coupler 4 is connected to the coupling port of the superconducting cavity 1, and the coupler 4 is configured to feed the radio frequency power output by the power source into the superconducting cavity 1. In this embodiment, the power source is a solid-state power source with an operating frequency of 1.3 GHz and an output power of 10 kW; the operating frequency of the coupler 4 is 1.3 GHz and its maximum operating power is 5 kW.
上述实施例中，优选地，束流传输系统20包括束流管道、各种类型的磁铁元件、以及各种带电粒子束流的束流诊断元件。束流管道采用304不锈钢加工而成并与加速模组系统30的管道对接，束流管道的连接处全部采用金属密封保证高真空，束流管道用无油干泵、分子泵或离子泵抽真空，且真空度低于1e-5Pa；束流管道上布置有测量带电粒子束流位置、能量、流强、发射度等性质的束流诊断元件，束流管道上还布置有用于带电粒子束流偏转的二极磁铁，和/或用于带电粒子束流聚焦的螺线管和四极磁铁，和/或用于消色散的六极磁铁，和/或用于辐照所需的扫描磁铁，以及根据应用需求所需的其他磁铁元件。In the above embodiments, preferably, the beam delivery system 20 includes a beam pipeline, various types of magnet elements, and beam diagnosis elements for various charged particle beams. The beam pipeline is made of 304 stainless steel and connected with the pipeline of the acceleration module system 30. The joints of the beam pipeline are all sealed with metal to ensure high vacuum. The beam pipeline is vacuumed by an oil-free dry pump, molecular pump or ion pump, and the vacuum degree is lower than 1e-5Pa; beam diagnostic components are arranged on the beam pipeline to measure the position, energy, current intensity, emittance and other properties of the charged particle beam. Solenoids and quadrupole magnets for flow focusing, and/or hexapole magnets for dedispersion, and/or scanning magnets for irradiation, and other magnet elements as required according to application requirements.
上述实施例中，优选地，低电平与控制系统50采用基于FPGA的数字化低电平控制系统，主要包括频率合成、FPGA数字信号处理平台和上层通信软件，在本实施例中功率稳定度要求≤0.3％，相位控制精度要求≤0.30。In the above embodiment, preferably, the low-level and control system 50 adopts an FPGA-based digital low-level control system, mainly including frequency synthesis, FPGA digital signal processing platform and upper-layer communication software. In this embodiment, the power stability requirement is ≤0.3%, and the phase control accuracy requirement is≤0.30 .
上述实施例中，优选地，带电粒子注入系统10产生的带电粒子为电子(也可以为质子或碳离子等)，带电粒子束流的平均流强为1～5mA，能量大于等于300KeV，束团电荷量1pC-100pC可调，微脉冲重频54.17MHz，宏脉冲重频1/2/5/10/20Hz，宏脉冲宽度10us～1ms可调。In the above embodiment, preferably, the charged particles generated by the charged particle injection system 10 are electrons (may also be protons or carbon ions, etc.), the average current intensity of the charged particle beam is 1-5mA, the energy is greater than or equal to 300KeV, the bunch charge is adjustable from 1pC-100pC, the micro-pulse repetition frequency is 54.17MHz, the macro-pulse repetition frequency is 1/2/5/10/20Hz, and the macro-pulse width is adjustable from 10us to 1ms.
上述实施例中，优选地，低温单元2包括：冷屏2-1，罩设在超导腔1的外部，冷屏2-1被配制成降低超导腔1的静态热损；磁屏蔽层(图中未示出)，布置在冷屏2-1和超导腔1之间的空间内，磁屏蔽层被配制成屏蔽地球环境磁场，减小超导腔1的磁通俘获；导冷铜块2-2，三组导冷铜块2-2分别沿周向设置在超导腔1的赤道区域和两侧束流管道区域，且导冷铜块2-2的内表面与超导腔1的赤道区域和束流管道区域外表面贴合；二级冷板2-3，设置在导冷铜块2-2的上方，且二级冷板2-3的一侧通过柔性冷链2-4分别与三组导冷铜块2-2连接；制冷机2-5，至少一台制冷机2-5设置在二级冷板2-3的上方，且制冷机2-5的二级冷头2-6通过柔性冷链2-4与二级冷板2-3的另一侧连接。由此，超导腔1内壁的发热通过导冷铜块2-2经柔性冷链2-4传递到二级冷板2-3，再经过柔性冷链2-4传递到制冷机2-5的二级冷头2-6，从而使超导腔1维持在低温超导工作状态。需要说明的，将三组导冷铜块2-2分别沿周向设置在超导腔1的赤道区域和两侧束流管道区域只是针对超导腔1为单个椭球腔(即加速单元)的情况，但若超导腔1包含多个加速单元，则需要的导冷铜块2-2数量根据应用需求决定；并且，如果超导腔1的形状不是椭球腔的话，则需要把导冷铜块2-2设置在超导腔1的发热区域。In the above-described embodiment, preferably, the cryogenic unit 2 includes: a cold shield 2-1, which is placed outside the superconducting cavity 1, and the cold shield 2-1 is configured to reduce the static heat loss of the superconducting cavity 1; a magnetic shielding layer (not shown in the figure), arranged in the space between the cold shield 2-1 and the superconducting cavity 1, and the magnetic shielding layer is configured to shield the earth's environmental magnetic field and reduce the magnetic flux capture of the superconducting cavity 1; three groups of cold-conducting copper blocks 2-2 are respectively arranged in the superconducting cavity along the circumferential direction The equator area of 1 and the beam pipe area on both sides, and the inner surface of the cold conduction copper block 2-2 is attached to the equator area of the superconducting cavity 1 and the outer surface of the beam pipe area; the secondary cold plate 2-3 is arranged above the cold conduction copper block 2-2, and one side of the secondary cold plate 2-3 is respectively connected to three sets of cold conduction copper blocks 2-2 through a flexible cold chain 2-4; refrigerator 2-5, at least one refrigerator 2-5 is arranged above the secondary cold plate 2-3, and the secondary cold plate of the refrigerator 2-5 The head 2-6 is connected to the other side of the secondary cold plate 2-3 by a flexible cold chain 2-4. Thus, the heat generated on the inner wall of the superconducting cavity 1 is transmitted to the secondary cold plate 2-3 through the cold conducting copper block 2-2 through the flexible cold chain 2-4, and then transmitted to the secondary cold head 2-6 of the refrigerator 2-5 through the flexible cold chain 2-4, so that the superconducting cavity 1 is maintained in the low-temperature superconducting working state. It should be noted that the three groups of cooling copper blocks 2-2 are respectively arranged in the equator region of the superconducting cavity 1 and the beam pipe areas on both sides along the circumferential direction only for the case that the superconducting cavity 1 is a single ellipsoidal cavity (ie, an acceleration unit), but if the superconducting cavity 1 includes multiple acceleration units, the number of cooling copper blocks 2-2 required is determined according to the application requirements;
上述实施例中，优选地，导冷铜块2-2为对半抱箍形式，导冷铜块2-2的对半抱箍均通过螺钉螺母紧固相连；同时，在导冷铜块2-2与超导腔本体1的接触界面上以及对半抱箍连接处均布置有铟片(图中未示出)，用以加强导热；并且，为减小超导腔1所在空间的剩磁以及进行有效紧固，所用螺钉为316L不锈钢螺钉，所用螺母为硅青铜螺母，所用垫片为不锈钢弹垫；进一步地，螺钉螺母的紧固力矩为115N.m，确保紧固连接处的热阻低于1×10-4Km2/W。In the above embodiment, preferably, the cold conduction copper block 2-2 is in the form of half hoops, and the half hoops of the cold conduction copper block 2-2 are fastened and connected by screws and nuts; at the same time, indium sheets (not shown in the figure) are arranged on the contact interface between the cold conduction copper block 2-2 and the superconducting cavity body 1 and at the junction of the half hoops to enhance heat conduction; and, in order to reduce the residual magnetism of the space where the superconducting cavity 1 is located and perform effective fastening, the screws used are 316L stainless steel screws, and the nuts used are silicon bronze Nut, the gasket used is a stainless steel spring washer; further, the tightening torque of the screw and nut is 115N.m, to ensure that the thermal resistance of the fastened connection is lower than 1×10-4Km2/W.
上述实施例中，优选地，在超导腔1的赤道区域外表面、三组导冷铜块2-2、二级冷板2-3和二级冷头2-6等位置均布置有温度传感器(图中未示出)，用于监控超导腔1的温度变化；同时，在二级冷头2-6上布置有高精度加热器(图中未示出)，用于配合温控仪和温度传感器，实现在30-15K之间降温速率平稳且在1min/K-5min/K之间连续可调的条件，且确保超导腔1在轴线方向的温度梯度≤0.025K/cm。In the above-described embodiment, preferably, temperature sensors (not shown) are arranged on the outer surface of the equator region of the superconducting cavity 1, three groups of cold-conducting copper blocks 2-2, the secondary cold plate 2-3 and the secondary cold head 2-6, etc., for monitoring the temperature change of the superconducting cavity 1; at the same time, a high-precision heater (not shown) is arranged on the secondary cold head 2-6, which is used to cooperate with the temperature controller and temperature sensor. Adjustable conditions, and ensure that the temperature gradient of the superconducting cavity 1 in the axial direction is ≤0.025K/cm.
上述实施例中，优选地，在超导腔1的赤道区域外表面及两侧束流管道区域外表面布置有磁通门探头(图中未示出)，该磁通门探头需能够准确测量≤10mGs的磁场强度，用以剩磁测量及监测。In the above-mentioned embodiment, preferably, a fluxgate probe (not shown in the figure) is arranged on the outer surface of the equator region of the superconducting cavity 1 and the outer surfaces of the beam duct regions on both sides. The fluxgate probe needs to be able to accurately measure the magnetic field strength of ≤ 10mGs for residual magnetism measurement and monitoring.
上述实施例中，优选地，真空单元3包括：真空罩3-1，罩设在冷屏2-1的外部，真空罩3-1被配置成在真空罩3-1与超导腔1之间形成用于降低静态热损的夹层真空环境；真空管路3-2，两组真空管路3-2的一端通过真空角阀3-3分别与超导腔1的两束流管道连接，两组真空管路3-2的另一端穿出真空罩3-1后与真空泵组(图中未示出)连接，以在超导腔1和真空管路3-2所组成的超导腔-管道系统内形成用于带电粒子加速的腔体真空环境。In the above embodiment, preferably, the vacuum unit 3 includes: a vacuum cover 3-1, which is placed outside the cold shield 2-1, and the vacuum cover 3-1 is configured to form an interlayer vacuum environment between the vacuum cover 3-1 and the superconducting cavity 1 for reducing static heat loss; the vacuum pipeline 3-2, one end of the two sets of vacuum pipelines 3-2 is respectively connected to the two beam flow pipes of the superconducting cavity 1 through the vacuum angle valve 3-3, and the other end of the two sets of vacuum pipelines 3-2 passes through the vacuum cover 3-1 and is connected to the vacuum pump group (not shown in the figure) are connected to form a cavity vacuum environment for charged particle acceleration in the superconducting cavity-pipeline system composed of the superconducting cavity 1 and the vacuum pipeline 3-2.
上述实施例中，优选地，腔体真空环境要求常温下的漏率≤5e-10mbarL/S，腔体真空环境要求常温下真空度≤5e-5Pa；夹层真空环境要求常温下漏率≤5e-8mbarL/S，夹层真空环境要求常温下真空度≤5e-3Pa。In the above embodiment, preferably, the vacuum environment of the cavity requires a leak rate of ≤5e-10mbarL/S at normal temperature, the vacuum environment of the cavity requires a vacuum degree of ≤5e-5Pa at normal temperature; the vacuum environment of the interlayer requires a leak rate of ≤5e-8mbarL/S at normal temperature, and the vacuum environment of the interlayer requires a vacuum degree of ≤5e-3Pa at normal temperature.
上述实施例中，优选地，真空罩3-1采用不锈钢材质，内外表面采用抛光处理，减少气体吸附；真空罩3-1的顶部具有制冷机2-5的对接口，侧面具有和真空管路3-2的对接口，底部具有耦合器4的对接口；真空罩3-1上留有温度传感器穿墙件3-4，用于温度传感器的数据线对接；真空罩3-1上留有磁探头传感器穿墙件3-5，用于磁通门探头的数据线对接；真空罩3-1预留回填口，用于高纯氮气充气恢复真空和管道清洗，保证装置洁净度。In the above-described embodiment, preferably, the vacuum cover 3-1 is made of stainless steel, and the inner and outer surfaces are polished to reduce gas adsorption; the top of the vacuum cover 3-1 has a docking port of a refrigerator 2-5, the side has a docking port with a vacuum pipeline 3-2, and the bottom has a docking port of a coupler 4; the vacuum cover 3-1 has a temperature sensor through the wall 3-4, which is used for the data line of the temperature sensor. The vacuum cover 3-1 has a magnetic probe sensor through the wall 3-5, which is used for the data line of the fluxgate probe; The vacuum cover 3-1 reserves a backfill port, which is used for high-purity nitrogen inflation to restore vacuum and pipeline cleaning to ensure the cleanliness of the device.
上述实施例中，优选地，由于超导腔1的腔壁损耗极小，带宽极窄，腔体震动有可能造成超导腔的频率失谐，因此为了避免制冷机2-5震动传递到超导腔1而影响其稳定运行，该无液氦射频超导加速装置还包括设置在真空罩3-1顶部的减震器5，制冷机2-5设置在减震器5上，从而大幅度降低与超导腔1对接的制冷机2-5的二级冷头2-6振动幅度；同时，制冷机2-5的二级冷头2-6与超导腔1之间的柔性冷链2-4则可以有效隔阻制冷机2-5的震动向超导腔1传递。In the above embodiment, preferably, since the cavity wall loss of the superconducting cavity 1 is extremely small and the bandwidth is extremely narrow, the vibration of the cavity may cause the frequency detuning of the superconducting cavity. Therefore, in order to prevent the vibration of the refrigerator 2-5 from being transmitted to the superconducting cavity 1 and affecting its stable operation, the liquid helium-free radio frequency superconducting accelerator also includes a shock absorber 5 arranged on the top of the vacuum cover 3-1. The refrigerator 2-5 is arranged on the shock absorber 5, thereby greatly reducing the secondary cold head 2-6 of the refrigerator 2-5 docked with the superconducting cavity 1. At the same time, the flexible cold chain 2-4 between the secondary cold head 2-6 of the refrigerator 2-5 and the superconducting cavity 1 can effectively block the transmission of the vibration of the refrigerator 2-5 to the superconducting cavity 1.
上述实施例中，优选地，超导腔1通过无磁材料制作的支撑结构6支撑在真空罩3-1内，且支撑结构6上布置有微调杆，可以高精度微调超导腔位置，用以满足加速装置超导腔1的准直需求。In the above embodiment, preferably, the superconducting cavity 1 is supported in the vacuum cover 3-1 by a support structure 6 made of non-magnetic material, and a fine-tuning rod is arranged on the support structure 6, which can fine-tune the position of the superconducting cavity with high precision to meet the collimation requirements of the superconducting cavity 1 of the accelerator device.
上述实施例中，优选地，超导腔1的内表面形成有高温超导材料的薄膜，该高温超导材料是指零磁场下超导转变温度高于15K，同时4K温度下过热磁场高于150mT的材料，例如Nb3Sn、MgB2、NbN、铁基超导材料等。超导腔1的形状及工作频率由被加速的带电粒子种类、能量等参数决定，可以是横磁波(TM)超导腔、横电磁波(TEM)超导腔或者其他的超导腔结构。In the above embodiment, preferably, the inner surface of the superconducting cavity 1 is formed with a thin film of high-temperature superconducting material. The high-temperature superconducting material refers to a material with a superconducting transition temperature higher than 15K at zero magnetic field and a superheated magnetic field higher than 150mT at 4K temperature, such asNb3Sn ,MgB2 , NbN, iron-based superconducting materials, etc. The shape and operating frequency of the superconducting cavity 1 are determined by parameters such as the type and energy of the accelerated charged particles, and can be a transverse magnetic wave (TM) superconducting cavity, a transverse electromagnetic wave (TEM) superconducting cavity or other superconducting cavity structures.
本领域技术人员应该理解的是，本发明的附图和实施只是为了便于描述本发明的技术方案，列出的对一种形状的超导腔的无液氦射频超导加速器及其使用方法为例，进行的原理性阐述与说明，而不是指示或暗示所指的超导腔及固体传导冷却结构设计必须具有特定的形状、大小及材质限制，因此不能以此来限制本发明的保护范围。所有采用制冷机驱动，基于固体传导的冷却方式来加速带电粒子的应用，都应在本发明的保护范围。It should be understood by those skilled in the art that the drawings and implementation of the present invention are only for the convenience of describing the technical solution of the present invention. The liquid helium-free radio frequency superconducting accelerator with a superconducting cavity of a shape and its method of use are listed as an example to illustrate and explain the principles, rather than indicating or implying that the design of the superconducting cavity and solid conduction cooling structure must have specific shape, size and material restrictions, so it cannot be used to limit the protection scope of the present invention. All the applications that adopt the refrigeration machine to accelerate the charged particles based on the cooling method of solid conduction shall be within the protection scope of the present invention.
最后应说明的是：以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案，而非对其限制；尽管参照前述实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解：其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改，或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换；而这些修改或者替换，并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本发明各实施例技术方案的精神和范围。Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit them; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that: it can still be Modifications are made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent replacements are made to some of the technical features; and these modifications or replacements do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the various embodiments of the present invention.
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202110895550.4ACN113630951B (en) | 2021-08-05 | 2021-08-05 | A liquid helium-free radio frequency superconducting accelerator |
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202110895550.4ACN113630951B (en) | 2021-08-05 | 2021-08-05 | A liquid helium-free radio frequency superconducting accelerator |
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN113630951A CN113630951A (en) | 2021-11-09 |
| CN113630951Btrue CN113630951B (en) | 2023-07-21 |
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202110895550.4AActiveCN113630951B (en) | 2021-08-05 | 2021-08-05 | A liquid helium-free radio frequency superconducting accelerator |
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN113630951B (en) |
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115893573A (en)* | 2022-10-14 | 2023-04-04 | 先进能源科学与技术广东省实验室 | Superconducting electron acceleration device, wastewater treatment system and method |
| CN116133227B (en)* | 2023-02-10 | 2023-10-20 | 中国科学院近代物理研究所 | Compact ion linear accelerator |
| CN116321666A (en)* | 2023-03-17 | 2023-06-23 | 中国科学院近代物理研究所 | An overall integrated device suitable for small accelerator systems |
| CN116634650B (en)* | 2023-04-13 | 2025-09-23 | 安徽万瑞冷电科技有限公司 | A thermostat cold mass bracket assembly |
| CN117269865A (en)* | 2023-11-20 | 2023-12-22 | 中国科学院电工研究所 | High-field animal magnetic resonance imaging conduction cooling superconducting magnet structure |
| CN118175719B (en)* | 2024-03-14 | 2024-12-10 | 北京大学 | Conduction cooling type DC-SRF electron gun |
| CN119212196B (en)* | 2024-08-13 | 2025-04-01 | 中国科学院近代物理研究所 | A composite heat-insulating bellows for superconducting acceleration module and superconducting acceleration module |
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH09232100A (en)* | 1996-02-22 | 1997-09-05 | Ishikawajima Harima Heavy Ind Co Ltd | Vacuum chamber for particle accelerator |
| CN110234197A (en)* | 2019-06-11 | 2019-09-13 | 合肥工业大学 | A high-temperature superconducting quadrupole magnet structure suitable for particle medical delivery technology |
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP6612143B2 (en)* | 2016-02-05 | 2019-11-27 | 三菱重工機械システム株式会社 | Acceleration cavity input coupler and accelerator |
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH09232100A (en)* | 1996-02-22 | 1997-09-05 | Ishikawajima Harima Heavy Ind Co Ltd | Vacuum chamber for particle accelerator |
| CN110234197A (en)* | 2019-06-11 | 2019-09-13 | 合肥工业大学 | A high-temperature superconducting quadrupole magnet structure suitable for particle medical delivery technology |
| CN113194596A (en)* | 2019-06-11 | 2021-07-30 | 合肥工业大学 | High-temperature superconducting multipole magnet structure and particle medical equipment thereof |
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN113630951A (en) | 2021-11-09 |
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN113630951B (en) | A liquid helium-free radio frequency superconducting accelerator | |
| CN113597080B (en) | A liquid helium-free RF superconducting acceleration module based on solid conduction cooling | |
| Aune et al. | Superconducting TESLA cavities | |
| Dhuley et al. | Design of a 10 MeV, 1000 kW average power electron-beam accelerator for wastewater treatment applications | |
| Ciovati et al. | Development of a prototype superconducting radio-frequency cavity for conduction-cooled accelerators | |
| CN113382527A (en) | Superconductive resonance accelerating cavity with composite structure | |
| Dhuley et al. | Design of a medium energy, high average power superconducting e-beam accelerator for environmental applications | |
| Sakamoto et al. | Construction status of the superconducting linac at the RIKEN radioactive isotope beam facility | |
| CN118175719A (en) | A conduction-cooled DC-SRF electron gun | |
| Belomestnykh | Review of high power CW couplers for superconducting cavities | |
| Lo et al. | Production of 500-MHz SRF modules of KEKB type for Taiwan Photon Source | |
| Noguchi et al. | Status of TRISTAN superconducting RF program | |
| Dhuley et al. | Demonstration of a cryocooler conduction-cooled superconducting radiofrequency cavity operating at practical cw accelerating gradients | |
| Bazin et al. | Analysis of the results of the tests of IFMIF accelerating units | |
| CN115893573A (en) | Superconducting electron acceleration device, wastewater treatment system and method | |
| Hartung et al. | Superconducting quarter-wave resonator cavity and cryomodule development for a heavy ion Re-accelerator | |
| Möller | Design and technology of high-power couplers, with a special view on superconducting RF | |
| Yao et al. | Tests of multi-frequency coaxial resonators | |
| Gardner et al. | Oak Ridge rf test facility | |
| Shu | Large applications and challenges of state-of-the-art superconducting RF (SRF) technologies | |
| Suelzle | Status of the superconducting 2 GeV linear electron accelerator | |
| Pan et al. | Integration and horizontal testing of the CSNS-II double-spoke cavity cryomodule: W.-M. Pan et al. | |
| Boni et al. | Activities on superconducting accelerating cavities at LNF | |
| Lozeeva et al. | Development of the QWR Power Coupler for the NICA Injector | |
| Lengeler | Superconducting cavities (parts 3 and 4) |
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |