CN113531342A - Latitude adjusting mechanism for equatorial telescope and adjusting method thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

Translated fromChinese

本发明公开一种赤道仪用纬度调节机构及其调节方法，涉及角度调节设备领域，包括：旋转主轴、调节座、支撑臂、锁紧单元、微调单元，调节座与支撑臂均与旋转主轴转动连接，锁紧单元一端与调节座连接，另一端与支撑臂连接，支撑臂远离旋转主轴的一端与微调单元连接；本发明中通过手动任意调节调节座的位置，将调节座调整至指定的角度，然后可利用锁紧单元实现对调节座与支撑臂的锁紧，通过微调单元调节支撑臂的旋转角度，因此时支撑臂已与调节座锁紧，所以微调单元调节支撑臂的旋转角度的同时可完成对调节座纬度的调节，也即利用微调单元与支撑臂的配合，大大提高了调节座的纬度调节精度。

The invention discloses a latitude adjustment mechanism for an equatorial mount and an adjustment method thereof, and relates to the field of angle adjustment equipment. One end of the locking unit is connected with the adjustment seat, the other end is connected with the support arm, and the end of the support arm away from the rotating main shaft is connected with the fine-tuning unit; in the present invention, the position of the adjustment seat is adjusted arbitrarily manually, and the adjustment seat is adjusted to a specified angle , and then the locking unit can be used to lock the adjustment seat and the support arm, and the rotation angle of the support arm can be adjusted by the fine adjustment unit, so the support arm has been locked with the adjustment seat, so the fine adjustment unit adjusts the rotation angle of the support arm at the same time The adjustment of the latitude of the adjustment seat can be completed, that is, the coordination of the fine-tuning unit and the support arm is used, which greatly improves the latitude adjustment accuracy of the adjustment seat.

Description

Latitude adjusting mechanism for equatorial telescope and adjusting method thereof

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of angle adjusting equipment, in particular to a latitude adjusting mechanism for an equatorial telescope and an adjusting method thereof.

Background

The equatorial telescope is a device for overcoming the influence of the earth rotation on astronomical observation, when the equatorial telescope is used, the polar axis of the equatorial telescope needs to be aligned with a north polar pole or a south polar pole, and due to different latitudes at different positions of the earth, an angle adjusting device is needed to adjust the latitude elevation angle so that the polar axis of the equatorial telescope is aligned with the south polar pole and the north polar pole.

Currently, the commonly used latitude and elevation angle adjusting mechanism includes a worm and gear mechanism and a friction force locking latitude and elevation angle adjusting mechanism, wherein the worm and gear mechanism is converted into rotation of an adjusting gear by the movement of a worm, for example: the utility model discloses a practical novel patent with the application number of '201720178926.9', the name of which is 'a small-sized combined theodolite-equatorial bracket', and discloses a latitude adjusting mechanism, which comprises an azimuth hand wheel, a latitude seat, an adjusting gear, an adjusting hand wheel, a latitude locking hand wheel, a worm, a pressing ring and a gland nut, wherein two azimuth hand wheels are respectively arranged at two sides of the front end of the right side of the azimuth seat, the latitude seat is connected with a chassis through bolts, the adjusting gear is mutually matched and connected with the worm, the worm is sleeved with the pressing ring, the gland nut is arranged at the front end, the adjusting hand wheel is arranged at the rear end, the latitude locking hand wheel is arranged at the outer part of one side of the latitude seat, the adjusting gear is a half-tooth adjusting gear with 25 teeth, the worm is driven to rotate by screwing the adjusting hand wheel, and then the adjusting gear is converted into the rotation of the adjusting gear, but because the meshing teeth number of the adjusting gear and the worm is not high, the load capacity is weaker, the adjusting mechanism is only suitable for being used under the condition of low load, furthermore, the rotation angle of the adjusting gear is not continuous but is determined by the number of teeth of the adjusting gear, and the precise adjustment of the rotation angle is limited by the number of teeth of the gear.

The friction locking latitude elevation angle adjusting mechanism is mainly locked by friction, for example: the utility model patent with the application number of '201120072262.0' and the name of 'equatorial theodolite composite bracket' discloses a latitude adjusting mechanism, which comprises a latitude adjusting screw rod, a latitude adjusting hand wheel and a screw rod guide block, wherein the screw rod guide block is fixed on a base through a deep groove ball bearing and can rotate around the bearing; one end of a latitude adjusting screw rod penetrates through a round hole in the middle of a screw rod guide block and then is connected with a latitude adjusting hand wheel, the other end of the latitude adjusting screw rod is fixedly connected with a rotating block, two arc-shaped guide grooves are symmetrically arranged on the base corresponding to the rear part of the hour angle mechanism, a rotating block rotating shaft penetrates through the guide grooves and is fixed on the hour angle mechanism, the rotating block penetrates through and can rotate around the rotating block rotating shaft, and a locking hand wheel is screwed on the rotating block rotating shaft; another locking hand wheel passes the guide slot lock on hour angle mechanism, mobile adjustment, through twisting soon locking hand wheel and utilizing frictional force locking latitude angle of elevation adjustment mechanism, friction locking mechanism can provide 0 ~ 90 adjustment range, but because rely on the friction locking, so locking strength is not high, and the different great changes that produce of moment of torsion when the locking of knob is simultaneously held to the locking force, and in the in-process of screwing up locking hand wheel, probably lead to hour angle mechanism to produce the trace skew moreover, influences the regulation precision greatly.

Therefore, a latitude adjusting mechanism for an equatorial telescope with high adjusting precision is needed.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a latitude adjusting mechanism for an equatorial telescope and an adjusting method thereof, which are used for solving the problems in the prior art and improving the adjusting precision of the latitude.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following scheme: the invention provides a latitude adjusting mechanism for an equatorial telescope, which comprises a rotating main shaft arranged on a fixed base, an adjusting seat used for connecting the equatorial telescope, a supporting arm, a locking unit used for locking the adjusting seat and the supporting arm, and a fine adjusting unit used for adjusting the rotating angle of the supporting arm, wherein the adjusting seat and the supporting arm are both rotationally connected with the rotating main shaft, one end of the locking unit is connected with the adjusting seat, the other end of the locking unit is connected with the supporting arm, and one end of the supporting arm far away from the rotating main shaft is connected with the fine adjusting unit.

Preferably, the locking unit includes oblique slider, is used for the drive the fine setting lead screw of oblique slider motion, the support arm is kept away from the one end of rotating spindle be provided with oblique slider assorted spout, the slider setting is in to one side in the spout, the fine setting lead screw runs through oblique slider, and with oblique slider threaded connection, the unable adjustment base corresponds the position of fine setting lead screw is provided with the through-hole, be provided with on the through-hole inner wall with the screw thread assorted internal thread of fine setting lead screw.

Preferably, one end of the sliding groove, which is far away from the rotating main shaft, and the end surface of the supporting arm are located on the same plane.

Preferably, the thickness of one end of the supporting arm provided with the sliding groove is larger than that of the other end of the supporting arm.

Preferably, the rotating main shaft and the fine adjustment screw rod are both arranged on a normal plane of a polar axis of the equatorial telescope.

Preferably, one end of the fine adjustment screw rod is provided with a fine adjustment knob, and the outer surface of the fine adjustment knob is provided with anti-skidding threads.

Preferably, the fixed base and the adjusting base are both of a U-shaped structure, the opening end of the adjusting base is rotatably connected with the rotating main shaft, the outer diameter of the opening end of the adjusting base is the same as the inner diameter of the opening end of the fixed base, and one end, connected with the rotating main shaft, of the supporting arm is located in the adjusting base.

Preferably, the locking unit comprises a locking slider, a locking knob, a first plane gear and a second plane gear, the locking slider is coaxially arranged with the rotating spindle, the locking knob is used for driving the locking slider to move, the second plane gear is used for matching with the first plane gear to complete meshing and locking, the locking knob and the locking slider are both of a cylinder structure, the inner wall surface of the locking knob is in threaded connection with the rotating spindle, the inner wall surface of the locking slider is in threaded connection with the outer wall surface of the locking knob, a key groove matched with the locking slider is formed in the surface, close to the supporting arm, of the adjusting seat, the locking slider is arranged in the key groove in a sliding manner, the first plane gear is fixedly arranged at one end, far away from the key groove, of the locking slider, and the second plane gear is fixedly arranged at the position, corresponding to the first plane gear, of the supporting arm, after the first plane gear is meshed with the second plane gear, the locking sliding block is partially positioned in the key groove, and the outer wall surface of the locking sliding block is provided with a plurality of strip-shaped protrusions arranged along the axial direction of the locking sliding block.

Preferably, the raised corners are smoothly transited.

The invention also provides an adjusting method of the latitude adjusting mechanism for the equatorial telescope, which comprises the following steps:

s1: the equatorial telescope is arranged on the adjusting seat, and the locking knob is screwed to ensure that the first plane gear and the second plane gear are not meshed any more;

s2: the adjusting seat is manually controlled and adjusted to a specified angle, the locking knob is screwed at the moment to enable the locking sliding block to move, and the locking sliding block drives the first plane gear and the second plane gear to be meshed and locked;

s3: the fine adjustment knob is screwed, the fine adjustment screw rod rotates, the inclined sliding block generates an axial position along the fine adjustment screw rod, and due to the limitation of the inclined plane structure, the inclined sliding block pushes the supporting arm to rotate in the moving process, so that the adjustment seat is driven to rotate, and the fine adjustment of the rotation angle of the adjustment seat is completed.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following technical effects:

1. according to the invention, before the adjusting seat and the supporting arm are locked, the position of the adjusting seat can be adjusted to a specified angle manually, and then the locking unit can be used for locking the adjusting seat and the supporting arm, and the latitude adjusting precision is reduced due to the precision limit of the locking unit (similar to the locking of a gear structure) or the friction force generated by rotation in the screwing and locking process (similar to the friction locking).

2. According to the invention, the chute matched with the inclined sliding block is arranged at one end of the supporting arm far away from the rotating main shaft, and the fine adjustment screw rod is utilized to drive the inclined sliding block to move.

3. The thickness of one end of the supporting arm provided with the sliding groove is larger than that of the other end of the supporting arm, so that the problems that the thickness of the end part is reduced and the rigidity is reduced after the sliding groove is arranged are solved, and the integral supporting arm is guaranteed to have good structural strength.

4. According to the invention, the locking knob is screwed to drive the locking slide block to move so as to drive the first plane gear to move until the first plane gear and the second plane gear are meshed with each other, and the first plane gear and the second plane gear are meshed to complete the fixation between the adjusting seat and the supporting arm, so that not only is the contact area of the locking surface increased, but also the teeth can be limited with each other, and the locking capacity between the teeth can be greatly improved.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings without inventive exercise.

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the latitude adjusting mechanism for an equatorial telescope according to the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a trimming unit according to the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the mounting positions of the locking knob and the locking slider in the locking unit of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a first face gear of the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the first and second face gears engaged in accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the equatorial telescope mounted with the latitude adjusting mechanism for the equatorial telescope of the present invention;

wherein, 1, equatorial instrument; 2. a fixed base; 3. an adjusting seat; 4. a support arm; 5. rotating the main shaft; 6. a chute; 7. an inclined slide block; 8. fine adjustment of a screw rod; 9. finely adjusting a knob; 10. locking the knob; 11. locking the sliding block; 12. a first face gear; 13. a second face gear.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

The invention aims to provide a latitude adjusting mechanism for an equatorial telescope and an adjusting method thereof, which are used for solving the problems in the prior art and improving the adjusting precision of the latitude.

In order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention comprehensible, embodiments accompanied with figures are described in further detail below.

Referring to fig. 1 to 6, a latitude adjusting mechanism for an equatorial telescope is provided, which comprises a rotatingspindle 5 disposed on afixed base 2, an adjustingseat 3 for connecting the equatorial telescope 1, a supportingarm 4, a locking unit for locking the adjustingseat 3 and the supportingarm 4, and a fine adjusting unit for adjusting the rotation angle of the supportingarm 4, wherein the rotatingspindle 5 is fixed, the adjustingseat 3 and the supportingarm 4 are rotatably connected with the rotatingspindle 5, preferably, the rotation connection is performed in a manner that a through hole is formed at one end of the adjustingseat 3 and one end of the supportingarm 4, a bearing is disposed in the through hole, the adjustingseat 3 and the supportingarm 4 are connected with the rotatingspindle 5 through the bearing, the adjustingseat 3 and the supportingarm 4 can rotate around the rotatingspindle 5, one end of the locking unit is connected with the adjustingseat 3, the other end is connected with the supportingarm 4, when the position of the adjustingseat 3 is manually adjusted, after will adjustingseat 3 and adjust to appointed angle, usable locking unit realizes the locking toadjustment seat 3 and supportarm 4, make relative displacement can not take place again between the two,support arm 4 keeps away from the one end and the fine setting unit of rotarymain shaft 5 and is connected, adjust the rotation angle ofsupport arm 4 through the fine setting unit,support arm 4 has locked withadjustment seat 3 during consequently, so can accomplish the regulation toadjustment seat 3 latitude when fine setting unit adjusts the rotation angle ofsupport arm 4, also utilize the cooperation of fine setting unit andsupport arm 4, the latitude that has improvedadjustment seat 3 greatly adjusts the precision.

The locking unit comprises aninclined slide block 7 and a fineadjustment screw rod 8 for driving theinclined slide block 7 to move, one end of thesupport arm 4, which is far away from the rotatingmain shaft 5, is provided with achute 6 matched with theinclined slide block 7, theinclined slide block 7 is arranged in thechute 6, preferably, two ends of theinclined slide block 7 extend out of thechute 6, a certain fit clearance is formed between theinclined slide block 7 and the inner wall of thechute 6, the fineadjustment screw rod 8 penetrates through theinclined slide block 7 and is in threaded connection with theinclined slide block 7, when the fineadjustment screw rod 8 is screwed, theinclined slide block 7 moves along the axial direction of the fineadjustment screw rod 8, inclined planes on two sides of the inclined slide block push thesupport arm 4 to move along the radial direction of the fineadjustment screw rod 8, the micro-adjustment of the rotation angle of thesupport arm 4 is realized, namely the micro-adjustment of the latitude of theadjustment base 3 is realized, and the inclined plane of theinclined slide block 7 pushes thesupport arm 4 to move in the moving process, and the moving distance of theinclined slide block 7 is larger than the distance for pushing thesupport arm 4 to move, also, the motion ofsupport arm 4 is comparatively slow, and the rotation angle ofsupport arm 4 is utilized in control that this moment can be more accurate, and then has improved the accuracy of adjusting the latitude, and the position that fixedbaseplate 2 corresponds finesetting lead screw 8 is provided with the through-hole, is provided with the screw thread assorted internal thread with finesetting lead screw 8 on the through-hole inner wall.

With a reasonable pitch and slope design, it is possible to push very heavy equatorial instrument 1 loads with very little torque.

In order to facilitate the detachment and replacement of theinclined slider 7, one end of thechute 6, which is far away from the rotatingmain shaft 5, and the end surface of thesupport arm 4 are located on the same plane, that is, one end surface of thechute 6, which is far away from the rotatingmain shaft 5, of thechute 6 is in an open state.

Because the one end thickness that sets upspout 6 behind thesetting spout 6 ofsupport arm 4 will be less, can influence its self rigidity, consequently set up the thickness that the one end thickness that supportarm 4 set upspout 6 is greater than the other end, through the thickness that increases this end, after thespout 6 is seted up in the assurance, it still possesses better rigidity, has guaranteed promptly thatwhole support arm 4 has good structural strength.

In order to facilitate the adjustment of the latitude by workers, the rotatingmain shaft 5 and the fineadjustment screw rod 8 are both arranged on a polar axis normal plane of the equatorial telescope 1.

One end of the fineadjustment screw rod 8 is provided with afine adjustment knob 9, and the outer surface of thefine adjustment knob 9 is provided with anti-skidding threads.

A through hole can be formed in the radial direction of thefine adjustment knob 9, a rotating rod is arranged to penetrate through the through hole, the fineadjustment screw rod 8 can be rotated by workers through the rotating rod, and the rotating rod is arranged to increase the torque, so that force application is saved.

Fixed baseplate 2 is U type structure with adjustingseat 3, the open end of adjustingseat 3 rotates withrotating spindle 5 to be connected, the external diameter of adjusting the open end ofseat 3 is the same with the internal diameter of fixedbaseplate 2 open end, the one end that supportarm 4 androtating spindle 5 are connected is located adjustsseat 3, the setting of U-shaped structure not only provides sufficient space for the installation ofsupport arm 4, and it stretches out end installation equatorial telescope 1 back, it can realize 0 ~ 180 rotation around fixedbaseplate 2, the adjusting range is greatly improved, make it be applied to low latitude and high latitude area.

The locking unit comprises locking sliders 11 coaxially arranged with the rotating spindle 5, locking knobs 10 used for driving the locking sliders 11 to move, first plane gears 12 and second plane gears 13 used for matching with the first plane gears 12 to complete meshing and locking, the locking knobs 10 and the locking sliders 11 are of a cylinder structure, the inner wall surfaces of the locking knobs 10 are in threaded connection with the rotating spindle 5, the inner wall surfaces of the locking sliders 11 are in threaded connection with the outer wall surfaces of the locking knobs 10, key grooves matched with the locking sliders 11 are formed in the surfaces, close to the supporting arms 4, of the adjusting seat 3, the locking sliders 11 are arranged in the key grooves in a sliding mode, one ends, far away from the key grooves, of the locking sliders 11 are fixedly provided with the first plane gears 12, the supporting arms 4 are fixedly provided with the second plane gears 13 corresponding to the first plane gears 12, after the first plane gears 12 are meshed with the second plane gears 13, the locking slide block 11 is partially positioned in the key groove, and the outer wall surface of the locking slide block 11 is provided with a plurality of strip-shaped protrusions arranged along the axial direction of the locking slide block.

The tooth number of thefirst plane gear 12 and thesecond plane gear 13 can be determined by the fine-tuning range of the fine-tuning mechanism, and the smaller the fine-tuning range is, the more the tooth number is.

Set upsupport arm 4 and can follow the axis slip of rotatorymain shaft 5, when locking operation, lockingslider 11 pressesfirst plane gear 12 andsecond plane gear 13 meshing back, continues to twist soon lockingknob 10, and then promotessupport arm 4 motion, untilsupport arm 4 and the inner wall contact of theregulation seat 3 of the other end, after locking is accomplished like this, not only rely on kneading between two plane gears to realize locking, andsupport arm 4 and the friction of adjusting between theseat 3 inner wall also can improve the locking effect moreover.

In order to reduce the processing difficulty of the lockingslide block 11, the convex corners are arranged in a smooth transition mode.

Lockingknob 10 stretches out fixedbaseplate 2, is provided with anti-skidding screw thread on the lockingknob 10 surface to can set up a through-hole that runs through in the footpath of lockingknob 10, and set up a swing arm and wear to establish wherein, the usable swing arm of staff realizes that lockingknob 10 rotates, and the setting of swing arm has increased moment, is favorable to sparingly applying force.

The invention also provides an adjusting method of the latitude adjusting mechanism for the equatorial telescope, which comprises the following steps:

s1: the equatorial telescope 1 is arranged on the adjustingseat 3, the lockingknob 10 is screwed, the lockingslide block 11 is controlled to drive thefirst plane gear 12 to move towards the direction far away from thesecond plane gear 13, thefirst plane gear 12 and thesecond plane gear 13 are ensured not to be meshed any more, and the plane where the teeth of thefirst plane gear 12 are located is far away from the plane where the teeth of thesecond plane gear 13 are located;

s2: the adjustingseat 3 is manually controlled and adjusted to a specified angle, at the moment, the lockingknob 10 is screwed, the lockingslide block 11 is moved, and the lockingslide block 11 drives thefirst plane gear 12 and thesecond plane gear 13 to be meshed and locked; when the supportingarm 4 can slide along the axis of the rotatingmain shaft 5, and thefirst plane gear 12 is meshed with thesecond plane gear 13, the lockingknob 10 is continuously screwed, so that the supportingarm 4 is pushed to move until the supportingarm 4 is contacted with the inner wall of the adjustingseat 3 at the other end, and the locking operation is finished;

s3: twist and movefine setting knob 9, fine settinglead screw 8 rotates, andslider 7 produces along the axial position of fine settinglead screw 8 to one side, because the restriction of inclined plane structure, the inclined plane of its both sides promotessupport arm 4 along the radial motion of fine settinglead screw 8, and then promotessupport arm 4 and takes place to rotate, drives through the gear whensupport arm 4 is rotatory and adjustsseat 3 and rotate, accomplishes the fine setting toadjustment seat 3 rotation angle.

The adaptation according to the actual needs is within the scope of the invention.

It will be evident to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the foregoing illustrative embodiments, and that the present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential attributes thereof. The present embodiments are therefore to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein. Any reference sign in a claim should not be construed as limiting the claim concerned.

The principle and the implementation mode of the invention are explained by applying a specific example, and the description of the embodiment is only used for helping to understand the method and the core idea of the invention; meanwhile, for a person skilled in the art, according to the idea of the present invention, the specific embodiments and the application range may be changed. In view of the above, the present disclosure should not be construed as limiting the invention.

Claims (10)

1. The utility model provides a latitude adjustment mechanism for equatorial telescope, its characterized in that, including set up the rotating main shaft on fixed baseplate, be used for connecting equatorial telescope's regulation seat, support arm, be used for locking adjust the seat with the locking unit of support arm, be used for the adjustment support arm rotation angle's fine setting unit, adjust the seat with the support arm all with the rotating main shaft rotates to be connected, locking unit one end with adjust the seat and connect, the other end with the support arm is connected, the support arm is kept away from the one end of rotating main shaft with the fine setting unit is connected.

2. The latitude adjusting mechanism for the equatorial telescope of claim 1, wherein the locking unit comprises an inclined slider and a fine adjustment screw rod for driving the inclined slider to move, one end of the support arm away from the rotating main shaft is provided with a sliding groove matched with the inclined slider, the inclined slider is arranged in the sliding groove, the fine adjustment screw rod penetrates through the inclined slider and is in threaded connection with the inclined slider, a through hole is arranged at a position of the fixing base corresponding to the fine adjustment screw rod, and an inner thread matched with a thread of the fine adjustment screw rod is arranged on an inner wall of the through hole.

3. A latitude adjusting mechanism for an equatorial telescope according to claim 2, wherein an end of the slide groove remote from the main rotation shaft is flush with an end face of the support arm.

4. A latitude adjusting mechanism for an equatorial telescope according to claim 3, wherein the support arm is provided with the slide groove having one end thicker than the other end.

5. A latitude adjustment mechanism for an equatorial telescope according to claim 2, wherein the rotation spindle and the fine adjustment screw are both arranged in a plane normal to the polar axis of the equatorial telescope.

6. The latitude adjusting mechanism for the equatorial telescope of claim 2, wherein the fine adjustment screw rod is provided with a fine adjustment knob at one end, and the fine adjustment knob is provided with an anti-slip thread on the outer surface.

7. The latitude adjusting mechanism for the equatorial telescope of claim 1, wherein the fixed base and the adjusting base are both U-shaped, the open end of the adjusting base is rotatably connected with the rotating spindle, the outer diameter of the open end of the adjusting base is the same as the inner diameter of the open end of the fixed base, and the end of the supporting arm connected with the rotating spindle is located in the adjusting base.

8. The latitude adjusting mechanism for the equatorial telescope of claim 1, wherein the locking unit comprises a locking slider, a locking knob, a first face gear and a second face gear, the locking slider and the locking slider are coaxially arranged with the rotating spindle, the locking knob is used for driving the locking slider to move, the second face gear is used for matching with the first face gear to complete meshing and locking, the locking knob and the locking slider are both in a cylinder structure, the inner wall surface of the locking knob is in threaded connection with the rotating spindle, the inner wall surface of the locking slider is in threaded connection with the outer wall surface of the locking knob, a key groove matched with the locking slider is arranged on the surface of the adjusting seat close to the supporting arm, the locking slider is arranged in the key groove in a sliding manner, the first face gear is fixedly arranged at one end of the locking slider far away from the key groove, and the second face gear is fixedly arranged at the position of the supporting arm corresponding to the first face gear, after the first plane gear is meshed with the second plane gear, the locking sliding block is partially positioned in the key groove, and the outer wall surface of the locking sliding block is provided with a plurality of strip-shaped protrusions arranged along the axial direction of the locking sliding block.

9. A latitude adjustment mechanism for equatorial instruments according to claim 8, wherein the corners of the protrusions are smoothly transitionally arranged.

10. An adjusting method of a latitude adjusting mechanism for an equatorial telescope is characterized by comprising the following steps:

s1: the equatorial telescope is arranged on the adjusting seat, and the locking knob is screwed to ensure that the first plane gear and the second plane gear are not meshed any more;

s2: the adjusting seat is manually controlled and adjusted to a specified angle, the locking knob is screwed at the moment to enable the locking sliding block to move, and the locking sliding block drives the first plane gear and the second plane gear to be meshed and locked;

s3: the fine adjustment knob is screwed, the fine adjustment screw rod rotates, the inclined sliding block generates an axial position along the fine adjustment screw rod, and due to the limitation of the inclined plane structure, the inclined sliding block pushes the supporting arm to rotate in the moving process, so that the adjustment seat is driven to rotate, and the fine adjustment of the rotation angle of the adjustment seat is completed.

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