Sampling device and method for detecting pathogenic microorganismsTechnical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of pathogenic microorganism detection, and particularly relates to a sampling device and a sampling method for pathogenic microorganism detection.
Background
Pathogenic microorganisms, which are also called pathogenic bacteria, refer to microorganisms which can invade a host to cause infection, including fungi, bacteria, viruses and the like, in many industries, detection of the pathogenic microorganisms is needed to be carried out in order to prevent the microorganisms from damaging human bodies, a first step of detection work of the pathogenic microorganisms is to collect microbial pollution samples, the sample collection modes are various, a relatively simple and common collection mode is to use a sterile cotton swab to be stained, then the cotton swab with the sample is placed into a culture container such as a test tube to be broken, and the cotton swab head is left in the culture container, however, when the cotton swab head is broken, in order to prevent the cotton swab head from being polluted again, the cotton swab head is generally broken strongly in the culture container by leaning on the inner wall of the culture container, so that the operation is inconvenient and the culture container is possibly damaged in the process.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the technical problems, the invention provides a sampling device and a sampling method for detecting pathogenic microorganisms, and the sampling device and the sampling method utilize a series of transmission such as a lever, a ratchet wheel, air pressure and the like to realize automatic clamping, cutting and replacing of cotton swabs.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the utility model provides a sampling device for pathogenic microorganism detects, includes the cavity, the cavity back end sets up the lever, lever resistance end butt push rod, push rod and cavity sliding connection just set up 4 one-way plectrums and 16 tooth ratchet one-way transmission, the ratchet rotates with the cavity to be connected and along a fixed depression bar that sets up of diameter, the cavity front end sets up out the signature mouth, and cavity front end one side inner wall sets up the chute, the fixed cotton swab box that sets up in chute upper end cavity outside, the slip sets up the clamp splice in the chute, clamp splice and chute bottom are connected, set up drive mechanism between depression bar and the clamp splice, the device is controlled by the manpower action lever, and the clamp splice removes to the cotton swab box and can press from loading cotton swab, and the clamp splice is replied and can be followed out the signature mouth and stretch out.
Preferably, the transmission mechanism comprises a pressing block, a first pressure spring, an air duct, a top rod and a supporting rod, wherein the pressing block is arranged in a first slideway arranged in a cavity at the left lower part of the ratchet wheel in a telescopic mode, the first pressure spring is arranged between the lower part of the pressing block and the wall of the cavity, the top rod is arranged in a second slideway arranged in a cavity at the lower part of the chute in a telescopic mode, the top end of the top rod is horizontally and fixedly connected with the supporting rod, the supporting rod is abutted to a clamping block, a closed space formed by the pressing block and the first slideway is communicated with a closed space formed by the top rod and the second slideway through the air duct, when the pressing block is pressed down, the air pressure in the air duct is increased, the top rod is upwards jacked up, and then the sliding block is driven to ascend along the chute to pick up labels.
Preferably, the device further comprises a rotating rod and a recovery box, the rotating rod is transversely rotated to be arranged on the inner wall of the cavity opposite to the chute, the rotating rod is driven by the ratchet wheel through the belt and the bevel gear set, the rotating rod is positioned at one end of the swab outlet, the blade is fixedly arranged at the rear of the clamping block, the blade and the deflector rod form an acute angle towards the included angle of the straight line, the recovery box is arranged below the cavity, the rotating rod rotates to enable the blade to be firstly contacted with the swab to cut off the swab and then the deflector rod is contacted with the label to be pulled down from the clamping block, and the pulled-down swab falls into the recovery box to be recovered.
Preferably, the push rod is fixedly arranged on the inner wall of the cavity through a fixing block which is fixedly connected with the inner wall of the cavity in a sliding manner, a second pressure spring is arranged between the fixing block and the right end of the push rod and is used for resetting the push rod, the left end of the push rod and the ratchet meshing section are provided with one-way shifting blocks, and the one-way shifting blocks are retracted and cannot be meshed with the ratchet when the push rod is reset.
Preferably, a bayonet is transversely arranged above the clamping block, the cotton swab can be fixed by slightly pressing after the clamping block contacts with the cotton swab rod, and the cotton swab is taken out from the cotton swab box after the clamping block descends.
Preferably, the right end of the clamping block is fixedly provided with a tilting rod at a position lower than the bottommost end of the bayonet, the right side of the clamping block is fixedly connected with a sliding plate, the tilting rod is convenient for the poking rod to poke down the cotton swab, and the sliding plate enables the cotton swab rod to fall into the recovery box smoothly.
Preferably, the cotton swabs in the cotton swab box are arranged in single rows, a baffle is arranged above the cotton swabs, and a third pressure spring is arranged between the upper side of the baffle and the upper wall of the cotton swab box so as to keep the cotton swabs in close and ordered arrangement.
Preferably, a grip is arranged below the right end of the cavity so as to be held by a user.
A sampling method for pathogenic microorganism detection comprising the steps of:
the initial state of the device is as follows: the pressing rod transversely extends upwards, the clamping block is positioned at the bottom end of the chute, and the blade and the deflector rod face downwards;
s1, a user holds a handle, fingers press a power end of a lever and then relax, in the process, the resistance end of the lever pushes a push rod to move leftwards, a one-way plectrum is meshed with ratchet teeth to drive a ratchet wheel to rotate 90 degrees anticlockwise, the pressure rod rotates 90 degrees along with the ratchet wheel, the pressure rod contacts a pressing block and presses the pressing block once when rotating, meanwhile, the ratchet wheel drives a rotating rod to rotate 180 degrees clockwise in left view through a belt and a bevel gear set, a blade and the push rod rotate upwards, and after manual relaxation, a second pressure spring drives the push rod to drive the lever to recover;
s2, when the pressing block is pressed down, the air pressure in the first slideway and the air duct is increased, the air pressure lifts the ejector rod in the second slideway upwards, the ejector rod drives the supporting rod to move upwards, the supporting rod drives the clamping block to move upwards along the chute to extend into the cotton swab box, the cotton swab is clamped by the bayonet, the first pressure spring drives the pressing block to rise after the pressing is finished, the ejector rod and the supporting rod are reset, the clamping block is reset under the action of the tension spring, and the cotton swab head end extends out of the cotton swab outlet for sampling;
s3, the lever is buckled again and then is loosened, the ratchet wheel rotates 90 degrees anticlockwise again in the process, the compression bar rotates anticlockwise from the longitudinal direction to the transverse direction, the compression bar does not contact with the pressing block, the rotating bar rotates 180 degrees clockwise from left to right again, the device returns to the initial state, the blade close to the cotton swab head contacts with the cotton swab first when the rotating bar rotates, the cotton swab is cut off from top to bottom under the support of the lower cotton swab outlet and the clamping block, the tail end of the poking bar contacts with the tail end of the cotton swab downwards, the front section of the cotton swab is separated from the clamping block bayonet under the action of the fulcrum of the tilting bar, and the poked cotton swab bar falls into the lower recovery box along the sliding plate.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. according to the invention, the trigger lever is adopted for control, so that a cotton swab is filled into the cotton swab box in advance, when the cotton swab box is used, the lever is triggered to enable the clamping block to move upwards to enter the cotton swab box for loading the cotton swab, the clamping block is reset to extend the cotton swab head end out of the cotton swab outlet, and the cotton swab is automatically taken by one key, so that the cotton swab box is quick and convenient, the step of manually taking the cotton swab is avoided, and the sampling efficiency is improved;
2. the invention is internally provided with the rotating rod, the lever is buckled to enable the rotating rod to rotate, the blade on the rotating rod can cut off the cotton swab head, the poking rod pokes down the cotton swab rod to enable the cotton swab rod to fall into the recovery box, the automatic cutting of the cotton swab head and the recovery of the cotton swab rod are completed, and the operation of one key after sampling is fast and labor-saving, the cotton swab is not required to be broken off by hand, and the hidden danger of damaging a vessel is eliminated;
3. in the invention, the lever is buckled once, the ratchet wheel and the compression bar rotate 90 degrees, the rotation bar rotates 180 degrees, and the continuous buckling of the lever and the alternate performance of picking and cutting are realized through the design.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of the overall structure of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram at A in FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view at B in FIG. 1;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the direction C of FIG. 3;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the direction D of FIG. 3;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a rotating lever structure;
fig. 7 is a schematic view of direction E in fig. 6.
Reference numerals illustrate:
1, a cavity; 2 lever; 3, a second pressure spring; 4, fixing blocks; 5, pushing a rod; 6, unidirectional pulling sheets; 7, a ratchet wheel; 8, pressing a rod; 9, briquetting; 9-1 a first slideway; 9-2 a first compression spring; 10, an air duct; 11 ejector rods; 12 a second slideway; 13, a supporting rod; a 14 tension spring; 15 clamping blocks; a 16 chute; 17 a rotating rod; 17-1 blades; 17-2 shift lever; 18, tilting a rod; 19 cotton swab box; 20 cotton swabs; a 21 baffle; 22 a third compression spring; 23 a recovery box; 24 grip; 25 sliding off the plate; a 26 belt; a bevel gear set 27.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like or similar reference numerals refer to like or similar elements or elements having like or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below by referring to the drawings are illustrative only and are not to be construed as limiting the invention.
1-7, a sampling device for pathogenic microorganism detects, including cavity 1, cavity 1 back end sets up lever 2, lever 2 resistance end butt push rod 5, push rod 5 and cavity 1 sliding connection just set up four unidirectional plectrum 6 and sixteen tooth ratchet 7 one-way transmission, ratchet 7 rotates with cavity 1 to be connected and along a fixed depression bar 8 that sets up of diameter, cavity 1 front end sets up out the signature mouth, and cavity 1 front end is towards the outer one side inner wall of paper side setting chute 16, chute 16 upper end cavity 1 outside is fixed to be set up cotton swab box 19, the interior clamp splice 15 that sets up of chute 16, clamp splice 15 and chute 16 bottom are connected extension spring 14, set up drive mechanism between depression bar 8 and the clamp splice 15.
The transmission mechanism comprises a pressing block 9, a first pressure spring 9-2, an air duct 10, a push rod 11 and a supporting rod 13, wherein the pressing block 9 is arranged in a first slideway 9-1 arranged in a cavity 1 at the left lower part of the ratchet wheel 7 in a telescopic mode, the first pressure spring 9-2 is arranged between the lower part of the pressing block 9 and the wall of the cavity 1, the push rod 11 is arranged in a second slideway 12 arranged in the cavity 1 below the chute 16 in a telescopic mode, the upper end of the push rod 11 is fixedly connected with the supporting rod 13 horizontally, the supporting rod 13 is abutted to a clamping block 15, and a closed space formed by the pressing block 9 and the first slideway 9-1 is communicated with a closed space formed by the push rod 11 and the second slideway 12 through the air duct 10.
The device also comprises a rotating rod 17 and a recovery box 23, wherein the rotating rod 17 is transversely and rotatably arranged on the inner wall of one side, facing inwards, of the cavity 1, the rotating rod 17 is driven by a ratchet wheel 7 through a belt 26 and a bevel gear set 27, one end of the rotating rod 17, which is positioned at a label outlet, is fixedly provided with a blade 17-1, the position, which is positioned behind the clamping block 15, is provided with a deflector rod 17-2, and the recovery box 23 is arranged below the cavity 1.
The included angle between the blade 17-1 and the deflector rod 17-2 is acute.
The push rod 5 is fixedly arranged on the inner wall of the cavity 1 and is connected with the inner wall of the cavity 1 in a sliding manner through a fixed block 4, a second pressure spring 3 is arranged between the fixed block 4 and the right end of the push rod 5, and a unidirectional pulling sheet 6 is arranged at the meshing section of the left end of the push rod 5 and the ratchet wheel 7.
A bayonet is transversely arranged above the clamping block 15.
The right end of the clamping block 15 is fixedly provided with a tilting rod 18 at a position lower than the bottommost end of the bayonet, and the right side of the clamping block 15 is fixedly connected with a sliding plate 25.
The cotton swabs 20 in the cotton swab box 19 are arranged in a single row, a baffle 21 is arranged above the cotton swabs 20, and a third pressure spring 22 is arranged between the upper side of the baffle 21 and the upper wall of the cotton swab box 19.
A handle 24 is arranged below the right end of the cavity 1.
A sampling method for pathogenic microorganism detection comprising the steps of:
the initial state of the device is as follows: the pressing rod 8 is transversely arranged, the pressing block 9 extends upwards, the clamping block 15 is positioned at the bottom end of the chute 16, and the blade 17-1 and the deflector rod 17-2 face downwards;
s1, a user holds a handle 24 by hand, fingers are buckled on the power end of a lever 2 and then loosens, in the process, the resistance end of the lever 2 pushes a push rod 5 to move leftwards, a unidirectional pulling piece 6 is meshed with a ratchet 7 tooth to drive the ratchet 7 to rotate 90 degrees anticlockwise, a pressing rod 8 rotates 90 degrees along with the ratchet 7, the pressing rod 8 contacts a pressing block 9 and presses the pressing block down once when rotating, meanwhile, the ratchet 7 drives a rotating rod 17 to rotate 180 degrees clockwise leftwards through a belt 26 and a bevel gear set 27, a blade 17-1 and a pulling rod 17-2 rotate upwards, and after manual loosens, a second pressure spring 3 drives the push rod 5 to drive the lever 2 to recover;
s2, when the pressing block 9 is pressed down, the air pressure in the first slide way 9-1 and the air duct 10 is increased, the air pressure jacks up the ejector rod 11 in the second slide way 12, the ejector rod 11 drives the supporting rod 13 to move upwards, the supporting rod 13 drives the clamping block 15 to move upwards along the chute 16 to extend into the cotton swab box 19, the cotton swab 20 is clamped by the bayonet, the pressing block 9 is driven by the first pressure spring 9-2 to lift up after the pressing is finished, the ejector rod 11 and the supporting rod 13 are reset, the clamping block 15 is reset under the action of the tension spring 14, and the head end of the cotton swab 20 extends out of the swab outlet for sampling;
s3, the lever 2 is buckled again and then loosened, in the process, the ratchet 7 rotates 90 degrees anticlockwise again, the compression bar 8 rotates anticlockwise from the longitudinal direction to the transverse direction, the compression bar 9 is not contacted, the rotating bar 17 rotates 180 degrees clockwise from the left view again, the device returns to the initial state, the blade 17-1 close to the head of the cotton swab 20 contacts the cotton swab 20 firstly when the rotating bar 17 rotates, the cotton swab 20 is cut off from top to bottom under the support of the lower swab outlet and the clamping block 15, the poking bar 17-2 contacts the tail of the cotton swab 20 after contacting, the tail end of the poking bar is poked downwards, the front section of the cotton swab 20 is separated from the bayonet of the clamping block 15 under the fulcrum action of the warping bar 18, and the poked cotton swab 20 falls into the lower recovery box 23 along the sliding plate 25.
Many variations, modifications, substitutions and alterations are possible to the above embodiments without departing from the spirit and principles of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the claims and their equivalents.