CN113500778B

Movatterモバイル変換

Info

Publication number: CN113500778B
Application number: CN202110935863.8A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 张计锋; 殷志富; 杨雪; 周雪莉; 贾炳强; 胡伟; 李露
Original assignee: Jilin University
Current assignee: Jilin University
Priority date: 2021-08-16
Filing date: 2021-08-16
Publication date: 2022-03-15
Anticipated expiration: 2041-08-16
Also published as: CN113500778A

Abstract

The invention discloses a multi-material multifunctional switchable 3D printing system and a method, which comprises the following steps: the 3D printing system is used for mixed output of materials and molding and manufacturing of a printing component; a material supply system, mainly for the supply of printing raw materials; the multifunctional air pressure system is used for adjusting the real-time conveying speed of various printing raw materials; and the computer control system is used for controlling the working sequence and material supply of the whole 3D printing system. The system and the method have the advantages of simple structure, good universality and strong controllability, can realize the 3D printing of homogeneous materials, multi-material combination and gradient material composite integration, and have great application potential in the fields of medical treatment, aerospace, mechanical manufacturing and the like.

Description

Multi-material multifunctional switchable 3D printing system and method

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of multi-material additive manufacturing, in particular to a multi-material multifunctional switchable 3D printing system and method.

Background

The 3D printing technique is also called additive manufacturing, which is a manufacturing method based on CAD modeling in which "bottom-up" materials are accumulated layer by layer. The method is widely applied to the fields of aerospace, tissue engineering, biomedical treatment, automobiles, household appliances, new materials, new energy, robots and the like, and has a very wide application prospect.

With the rapid development of micro-electromechanical systems, biomedical engineering, tissue engineering, new materials, 4D printing, aerospace, automobiles and other fields, there is a great industrial demand for the integrated manufacture of complex multi-material micro-scale structures. Most of existing 3D printing can only realize single-material printing, most developed multi-material 3D printers have a plurality of spray heads, frequent switching is needed in the printing process, and the printing forming of gradient materials cannot be realized in the true sense. Therefore, the realization of the homogeneous material-multi-material combination-gradient material composite integrated 3D printing with high efficiency and low cost is always considered as a technical problem, and is also a research hotspot and a bottleneck problem to be broken through urgently in the international academic and industrial circles at present.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention provides a multi-material multifunctional switchable 3D printing system and method, and aims to solve the problem that the conventional 3D printing technology lacks a technical means of printing homogeneous materials and multi-material combination to gradient material mixed printing.

In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:

a multi-material multifunctional switchable 3D printing system, comprising:

the 3D printing system generates a 3D printing component by controlling the multi-material mixing printing needle head to move in a three-dimensional space, so that the multi-material mixing gradient printing component is manufactured;

the material supply system is mainly used for supplying materials for the 3D printing system, and the material output rate of the material supply system is controlled by the multifunctional air pressure system;

the multifunctional air pressure system is mainly used for controlling the input speed of each material of the 3D printing component and the power input of the 3D printing system;

and the computer control system is mainly used for controlling the motion coordination of the 3D printing system, the material supply system and the multifunctional air pressure system and realizing the generation of the 3D printing component.

Further, the 3D printing system further includes:

print shower nozzle strutting arrangement, its mainly used supports fixed printing device, guarantees the degree of accuracy of its relative position among the printing process.

The 3D printing component supporting platform is fixed on the printing platform and is mainly used for supporting the 3D printing component;

the mixing device is mainly used for A, B, C material input, mixing and printing;

the mixing device can be provided with a plurality of feeding inlets, and the mechanical structure of the mixing device is related to the actual application working condition;

and the three-dimensional motion system enables the 3D printing device to move randomly in a three-dimensional space through software program control.

Further, the compounding device still includes:

the device comprises a material A input device, a material B input device, a material C input device, a material isolation device, a rotating device, a telescopic device, a storage bin, a discharge port, a telescopic rod, a printing spray head and a material stirring device;

the material input rates of the material input device A, the material input device B and the material input device C can be dynamically regulated according to the molding requirement, and when homogeneous materials and single extrusion channel multi-material combined parts are printed, the material input rates are constant; when a gradient material workpiece is printed, the input speed of each material system is adjusted in real time; the material isolation device is mainly used for isolating the initial input of the materials A, B and C;

the rotating device drives the rotating telescopic rod through the motor so as to drive the material stirring device to rotate, so that the material A, the material B and the material C are uniformly mixed;

the telescopic device is mainly used for extending and retracting the material stirring device and the rotary telescopic rod, and further realizing the random switching between homogeneous materials and combined multi-material printing.

When the material stirring device and the rotary telescopic rod are in a retracted state, the printing spray head outputs a multi-material combination of material A, material B and material C;

the storage bin is mainly used for initial storage work before mixing of all materials;

the discharge port is used for mixing the materials according to a set proportion;

the printing spray head is mainly used for final output of the composite material or the mixed material;

the printing nozzle can freely rotate along the axis in a direction-changing and speed-changing manner, so that combined multi-material rotary extrusion in a single channel is realized, and the rotating speed range is 5 r/min-200 r/min.

Further, the material supply system mainly comprises a material storage device A, a material storage device B and a material storage device C;

the material A storage device is used for storing a material A required by printing; the material B storage device is used for storing the material B required by printing; the C material storage device is used for storing the C material required by printing;

wherein, material storage device, B material storage device and C material storage device are connected with 3D printing system's respective single channel, and the feed is mutually noninterfered.

The material A storage device is directly conveyed into the material A input device through the material A output device by a pipeline; the material B storage device is directly conveyed into the material B input device through the material B output device by a pipeline; the material C storage device is directly conveyed into the material C input device through the material C output device by a pipeline.

Further, the multifunctional air pressure system is provided with a plurality of air output interfaces, and each interface is independently connected with the material supply tank and does not interfere with each other;

the air pressure of each output port is independently controlled by a computer control system, and the air pressure of each output port can be independently adjusted according to requirements;

wherein the air pressure of the air pump system is controlled to be 5000-90000 pa;

wherein the multifunctional pneumatic system can independently control the output rate of each material system.

Furthermore, the computer control system mainly comprises air pressure control software, 3D printing software and temperature control software;

the air pressure control software is mainly used for controlling air pressure output of multifunctional air pressure and realizing a multi-channel integrated control function.

The 3D printing software is mainly used for controlling the three-dimensional space motion of the printing nozzle and realizing the real-time conversion function of the three-dimensional digital-analog and printing system.

Stated otherwise, a multi-material multi-functional switchable 3D printing method, comprising:

s101, 3D printing material selection

The 3D printing material is prepared from A, B, C three independent material systems such as melt/solution, colloid or suspension with certain rheological property and shape-preserving capability, wherein the viscosity of each material system is required to be controlled to be 20-2000 mPa & s;

s102, manufacturing a multi-material component, which specifically comprises the following steps:

step 1: building a three-dimensional model, namely building the three-dimensional model according to engineering requirements, and then performing discretization processing on the model before printing through 3D printing software to obtain material information of each position point of the three-dimensional sample piece, motion information of each part of the mixing device, air pressure information of the multifunctional air pressure system and the like;

step 2: printing program motion programming, selecting a mixing process of themixing device 15 according to the characteristics of the components, determining the motion parameters of the mixing process, and then performing corresponding motion programming control through each control software;

and step 3: putting the materials into a feeding supply system, and connecting a compressed air source into a material A output device, a material B output device and a material C output device through a compressed air source to control the extrusion of the materials;

and 4, step 4: generating a multi-material composite component, and accumulating the extruded materials containing various materials on a forming platform layer by layer according to the motion code of the 3D printing system and the air source control signal of the multifunctional air pressure system obtained in the step.

S103, post-processing

According to the requirement of the printed product, further post-treatment such as curing, degreasing, sintering, surface sand blasting and the like can be carried out.

The invention has the following beneficial effects:

according to the device and the method, a software control system and a physical mechanical structure can be utilized, and the real-time free switching type printing of homogeneous materials, multi-material combination and gradient materials in a single channel can be realized on the basis of direct-writing type 3D printing;

in a second aspect, the rotary printing nozzle can print a spiral combined multi-material structure, and provides conditions for printing complex-performance materials. When the printing nozzle is turned and changed in the printing process, the extrusion states of the composite material in different rotating directions can be realized; when the printing nozzle changes speed in the printing process, the composite material can be extruded in different spiral states.

In the third aspect, the method has strong operation manufacturability and good universality, and has great application potential in the fields of medical treatment, aerospace, mechanical manufacturing and the like.

Drawings

The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the system configuration of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a mechanical multi-material 3D printing nozzle according to the present invention.

Fig. 3 is a schematic view of a combined multi-material helical printing member according to the present invention.

Fig. 4 is a schematic view of different rotational direction extrusions for combined multi-material printing according to the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the composite material extruded at different rotational speeds according to the present invention.

Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of 3D printing of homogeneous material-multi-material combination-gradient material composite integrated type according to the present invention.

The reference numerals in the figures denote:

the system comprises a 3D printing system 1, a feeding and supplyingsystem 2, a multifunctionalair pressure system 3 and a computer control center 4;

the printingnozzle supporting device 11, the 3D printingmember supporting platform 12, theprinting platform 13, the printingmember 14, the mixingdevice 15, the three-dimensional motion system 16, the material ainput device 151, the materialB input device 152, the materialC input device 153, thematerial isolation device 154, therotating device 155, thetelescopic device 156, thematerial storage bin 157, thematerial outlet 158, thetelescopic rod 159, theprinting nozzle 1510 and thematerial stirring device 1511;

amaterial storage tank 21, amaterial output device 211, amaterial storage tank 22, amaterial output device 221, amaterial storage tank 23, and amaterial output device 231.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

The invention aims to solve the problem that multi-material mixed printing is difficult to realize in the prior art, and a specific technical scheme is shown in figure 1, and the multi-material multifunctional switchable 3D printing system and the method are characterized by comprising the following steps:

the 3D printing system 1 generates a 3D printing component by controlling the multi-material mixing printing needle head to move in a three-dimensional space, so that the multi-material mixing gradient printing component is manufactured;

thematerial supply system 2 is mainly used for supplying materials for the 3D printing system 1, and the material output rate of the material supply system is controlled by the multifunctionalair pressure system 3;

the multifunctionalair pressure system 3 is mainly used for controlling the input speed of each material of the 3D printing component and the power input of the 3D printing system 1;

and the computer control system 4 is mainly used for controlling the motion coordination of the 3D printing system 1, thematerial supply system 2 and the multifunctionalair pressure system 3, so that the generation of the 3D printing component is realized.

Further, the 3D printing system further includes:

and the printingnozzle supporting device 11 is mainly used for supporting and fixing the printing device and ensuring the accuracy of the relative position of the printing device in the printing process.

The 3D printingcomponent supporting platform 12 is fixed on theprinting platform 13 and is mainly used for supporting the3D printing component 14;

the mixingdevice 15 is mainly used for A, B, C material input, mixing and printing;

the mixingdevice 15 may have a plurality of feeding inlets, and the mechanical structure of the mixing device is related to the actual application condition;

the three-dimensional motion system 16 is controlled by a software program, so that the 3D printing apparatus can be moved arbitrarily in a three-dimensional space.

Further, the compounding device still includes:

as shown in FIG. 2, the mixing device comprises a material input device 151A, a material input device 152B, a material input device 153C, amaterial isolation device 154, arotating device 155, atelescopic device 156, astorage bin 157, adischarge port 158, atelescopic rod 159, aprinting nozzle 1510 and amaterial stirring device 1511

The material input rates of the material input device A, the material input device B and the material input device C can be dynamically regulated according to the molding requirement, and when homogeneous materials and single extrusion channel multi-material combined parts are printed, the material input rates are constant; when a gradient material workpiece is printed, the input speed of each material system is adjusted in real time;

amaterial isolation device 154, which is mainly used for initial input isolation of materials A, B and C;

therotating device 155 drives the rotating telescopic rod through the motor so as to drive the material stirring device to rotate, so that the material A, the material B and the material C are uniformly mixed;

and thetelescopic device 156 is mainly used for realizing the extension and retraction of thematerial stirring device 1511 and the rotarytelescopic rod 159, so as to realize the arbitrary switching of the homogeneous material and the combined multi-material printing.

When thematerial stirring device 1511 and the rotarytelescopic rod 159 are in an extended state, the mixed homogeneous material is output by theprint head 1510, and when thematerial stirring device 1511 and the rotarytelescopic rod 159 are in a retracted state, the multi-material combination of the material A, the material B and the material C is output by theprint head 1510;

and astorage bin 157 mainly used for initial storage work before mixing of the materials.

And adischarge port 158 for mixing the materials in a predetermined ratio.

Aprint head 1510 primarily for final output of composite or mixed materials.

Wherein, theprinting nozzle 1510 can freely rotate along the axis, and the rotating speed range is 5r/min to 200 r/min;

as shown in fig. 3, when theprinting head 1510 rotates to print, the composite material can be extruded rotationally;

as shown in fig. 4, when the direction of theprinting head 1510 is changed during printing, the extrusion state of the composite material in different rotating directions can be realized; as shown in fig. 5, when theprint head 1510 changes speed during printing, extrusion of different helical states of the composite material can be achieved.

As shown in fig. 6, theprinting head 1510 can print different gradient materials with different printing effects varying in real time.

Further, the material supply system is mainly composed of an amaterial storage device 21, a Bmaterial storage device 22, and a Cmaterial storage device 23;

the printing device comprises an Amaterial storage device 21, a Bmaterial storage device 22 and a Cmaterial storage device 23, wherein the Amaterial storage device 21 is used for storing an A material required by printing, the Bmaterial storage device 22 is used for storing a B material required by printing, and the Cmaterial storage device 23 is used for storing a C material required by printing;

The material astorage device 21 is directly transported to the material ainput device 151 through thematerial output device 211 by a pipeline. The Bmaterial storage unit 22 is directly transported into the materialB input unit 152 by piping through thematerial output unit 221. The Cmaterial storage device 23 is piped directly into the materialC input device 153 via thematerial output device 231.

Wherein the output rate of each material is controlled by a multifunctional pneumatic system.

Further, the multifunctional air pressure system is provided with a plurality of air output interfaces, and each interface is independently connected with the material supply tank without interference.

Wherein, the air pressure of each output port is controlled by the computer control system 4 independently, and the air pressure of each output port can be adjusted independently according to the requirement.

the air pressure control software is mainly used for controlling air pressure output of themultifunctional air pressure 3 and realizing a multi-channel integrated control function.

The temperature control software is mainly used for controlling the ambient temperature and the temperature of the spray head of the 3D printing system and achieving the rapid forming function of the printing component.

A multi-material multifunctional switchable 3D printing method is characterized by comprising the following steps:

s101, 3D printing material selection

step 2: printing program motion programming, selecting a mixing process of the mixingdevice 15 according to the characteristics of the components, determining the motion parameters of the mixing process, and then performing corresponding motion programming control through each control software;

S103, post-processing

A first, more preferred embodiment of the method of the present application is as follows:

3D printing material: selecting A, B, C three solutions with viscosity of 1500 mPa.s and certain rheological property and shape-preserving capability;

building a three-dimensional model: establishing a three-dimensional model according to engineering requirements, and then performing discretization processing on the model before printing through 3D printing software to obtain material information of each position point of the three-dimensional sample, motion information of each part of the mixing device, air pressure information of a multifunctional air pressure system and the like;

the printing program is programmed to adjust the rotating device to be in a static state and the telescopic device to be in a retracted state according to the characteristics of the components, so that A, B, C three materials are prevented from being mixed

Putting the materials into a feeding supply system, and connecting a compressed air source into a material A output device, a material B output device and a material C output device through a compressed air source to control the extrusion of the materials;

and (3) generating a multi-material composite component, and accumulating the extruded materials containing various materials on the forming platform layer by layer according to the motion code of the 3D printing system and the air source control signal of the multifunctional air pressure system obtained in the step (2). The printing process can adjust the rotating direction of the printing nozzle in real time to change from anticlockwise rotation to clockwise rotation (as shown in figure 4), so that the spiral direction of the combined multi-material winding is changed. Meanwhile, in the printing process, the rotating speed of the printing nozzle can be adjusted in real time, so that the winding tightness of the combined multiple materials is adjusted (as shown in fig. 5).

And (3) post-treatment: and taking out the multi-material combined printing part, placing the part in a drying box, and further volatilizing liquid in the material to promote the part to be solidified.

A more preferred second embodiment of the method of the present application is as follows:

3D printing material: selecting a solution with a viscosity of 1000mPa & s for the material A, a viscosity of 1200mPa & s for the material B, a viscosity of 1500mPa & s for the material C and certain rheological property and shape-preserving capability;

the printing program is programmed in a motion mode, according to the characteristics of the components, the rotating device is adjusted to be in a constant-speed rotating state, the telescopic device is in an extending state, and A, B, C three materials are input in the same proportion; then the rotating device is adjusted to be in a static state, the telescopic device is in a retraction state, and A, B, C three materials are input in the same proportion; finally, the rotating device is adjusted to be in a constant-speed rotating state, the telescopic device is in an extending state, and A, B, C three materials are input at a non-constant speed;

and (3) generating a multi-material composite component, and accumulating the extruded materials containing various materials on the forming platform layer by layer according to the motion code of the 3D printing system and the air source control signal of the multifunctional air pressure system obtained in the step (2). The discharge ratio of A, B, C three materials can be adjusted in real time in the printing process, as shown in fig. 6, the A, B, C three materials are firstly input in the same ratio (as shown in a point a screenshot in fig. 6); then the telescopic rod is retracted (as shown in the section of point b in fig. 6), and finally the telescopic rod is extended, when the mixed amount of the material C is far greater than that of the material A, B, the print head outputs a high-concentration gradient material (as shown in the section of point C in fig. 6), and when the mixed amount of the material a is far greater than that of the material C, B, the print head outputs a low-concentration gradient material (as shown in the section of point d in fig. 6).

It should be noted that: in accordance with the patented embodiments, as set forth above, these embodiments are not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the patented embodiments to the precise forms disclosed. Obviously, many modifications and variations are possible in light of the above teaching. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention. The embodiment was chosen and described in order to best explain the principles of the invention and the practical application, to thereby enable others skilled in the art to best utilize the invention and its various embodiments with various modifications as are suited to the particular use contemplated. The invention is limited only by the claims and their full scope and equivalents.

Claims

1. A multi-material multifunctional switchable 3D printing system, comprising:

the 3D printing system (1) generates a 3D printing component by controlling the movement of the multi-material mixing printing needle head in a three-dimensional space, so as to realize the manufacture of the multi-material mixing gradient printing component;

the material supply system (2) is mainly used for supplying materials for the 3D printing system (1), and the material output rate of the material supply system is controlled by the multifunctional air pressure system (3);

the multifunctional air pressure system (3) is mainly used for controlling the input speed of each material of the 3D printing component and the power input of the 3D printing system 1;

the computer control system (4) is mainly used for controlling the motion coordination of the 3D printing system (1), the material supply system (2) and the multifunctional air pressure system (3) to realize the generation of the 3D printing component;

the 3D printing system (1) further comprises:

the printing nozzle supporting device (11) is mainly used for supporting and fixing the printing device and ensuring the accuracy of the relative position of the printing device in the printing process;

the 3D printing component supporting platform (12) is fixed on the printing platform (13) and is mainly used for supporting the 3D printing component (14);

the mixing device (15) is mainly used for A, B, C material input, mixing and printing;

wherein, the mixing device (15) can be provided with a plurality of feeding inlets, and the mechanical structure of the mixing device is related to the practical application working condition;

a three-dimensional motion system (16) which is controlled by a software program and enables the 3D printing device to move freely in a three-dimensional space;

the mixing device (15) further comprises:

the mixing device comprises a material input device A (151), a material input device B (152), a material input device C (153), a material isolation device (154), a rotating device (155), a telescopic device (156), a storage bin (157), a discharge hole (158), a telescopic rod (159), a printing spray head (1510) and a material stirring device (1511);

the material input rates of the material input device A (151), the material input device B (152) and the material input device C (153) can be dynamically regulated and controlled according to the molding requirement, and when homogeneous materials and single extrusion channel multi-material combined parts are printed, the material input rates are constant; when a gradient material workpiece is printed, the input speed of each material system is adjusted in real time;

a material isolation device (154) primarily for initial input isolation of materials a, B, C;

the rotating device (155) drives the rotating telescopic rod through the motor so as to drive the stirring device to rotate, so that the material A, the material B and the material C are uniformly mixed;

the telescopic device (156) is mainly used for realizing the extension and retraction of the material stirring device (1511) and the rotary telescopic rod (159), and further realizing the arbitrary switching of the homogeneous material and the combined multi-material printing;

when the material stirring device (1511) and the rotary telescopic rod (159) are in an extending state, the mixed homogeneous material is output by the printing spray head (1510), and when the material stirring device (1511) and the rotary telescopic rod (159) are in a retracting state, the multi-material combination of the material A, the material B and the material C is output by the printing spray head (1510);

a storage bin (157) which is mainly used for initial storage work before mixing of the materials;

a discharge port (158) for mixing the materials in a predetermined ratio;

a print head (1510) primarily for final output of the composite or mixed material;

the printing spray head (1510) can freely rotate along the axis in a direction-changing and speed-changing manner, so that the combined multi-material rotary extrusion in a single channel is realized, and the rotating speed range is 5 r/min-200 r/min;

the material supply system (2) is mainly composed of a material storage device A (21), a material storage device B (22) and a material storage device C (23);

the material storage device comprises a material A storage device (21) used for storing a material A required by printing, a material B storage device (22) used for storing a material B required by printing, and a material C storage device (23) used for storing a material C required by printing;

the material storage device A (21), the material storage device B (22) and the material storage device C (23) are respectively connected with the 3D printing system (1) in a single channel, and feeding is not interfered with each other;

wherein, the material A storage device (21) is directly conveyed into the material A input device (151) through a material A output device (211) by a pipeline, the material B storage device (22) is directly conveyed into the material B input device (152) through a material B output device (221) by a pipeline, and the material C storage device (23) is directly conveyed into the material C input device (153) by a pipeline through a material C output device (231);

wherein the output rate of each material is controlled by a multifunctional air pressure system (3);

the multifunctional air pressure system (3) is provided with a plurality of air output interfaces, and each interface is independently connected with the material supply tank and does not interfere with each other;

the air pressure of each output port is independently controlled by a computer control system (4), and the air pressure of each output port can be independently adjusted according to needs;

wherein the multifunctional air pressure system (3) can independently control the output rate of each material system;

the computer control system (4) also comprises air pressure control software, 3D printing software and temperature control software;

the air pressure control software is mainly used for controlling air pressure output of the multifunctional air pressure system (3) and realizing a multi-channel integrated control function;

the 3D printing software is mainly used for controlling the three-dimensional space motion of the printing nozzle and realizing the real-time conversion function of a three-dimensional digital-analog and printing system;

2. A 3D printing method applying the multi-material multifunctional switchable 3D printing system of claim 1, comprising:

s101, 3D printing material selection

The 3D printing material is composed of A, B, C independent melt/solution, colloid or suspension material systems with certain rheological property and shape-preserving capability, and the viscosity of each material system is required to be controlled to be 20-2000 mPa & s;

step 1: building a three-dimensional model, namely building the three-dimensional model according to engineering requirements, and then performing discretization processing on the model before printing through 3D printing software to obtain material information of each position point of the three-dimensional sample piece, motion information of each part of the mixing device and air pressure information of the multifunctional air pressure system;

step 2: printing program motion programming, selecting a mixing process of a mixing device (15) according to the characteristics of the components, determining the motion parameters of the mixing process, and then performing corresponding motion programming control through various control software;

and 4, step 4: generating a multi-material composite component, and accumulating extruded materials containing various materials on a forming platform layer by layer according to the motion code of the 3D printing system and the air source control signal of the multifunctional air pressure system obtained in the step;

s103, post-processing

According to the requirement of the printed product, further curing, degreasing, sintering and surface sand blasting post-treatment can be carried out.