CN113498156B - Low-power consumption wireless sensor network - Google Patents
Low-power consumption wireless sensor networkDownload PDFInfo
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- CN113498156B CN113498156BCN202110767517.3ACN202110767517ACN113498156BCN 113498156 BCN113498156 BCN 113498156BCN 202110767517 ACN202110767517 ACN 202110767517ACN 113498156 BCN113498156 BCN 113498156B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
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- H04W52/00—Power management, e.g. Transmission Power Control [TPC] or power classes
- H04W52/02—Power saving arrangements
- H04W52/0203—Power saving arrangements in the radio access network or backbone network of wireless communication networks
- H04W52/0206—Power saving arrangements in the radio access network or backbone network of wireless communication networks in access points, e.g. base stations
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/14—Relay systems
- H04B7/15—Active relay systems
- H04B7/155—Ground-based stations
- H04B7/15507—Relay station based processing for cell extension or control of coverage area
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W52/00—Power management, e.g. Transmission Power Control [TPC] or power classes
- H04W52/02—Power saving arrangements
- H04W52/0209—Power saving arrangements in terminal devices
- H04W52/0225—Power saving arrangements in terminal devices using monitoring of external events, e.g. the presence of a signal
- H04W52/0248—Power saving arrangements in terminal devices using monitoring of external events, e.g. the presence of a signal dependent on the time of the day, e.g. according to expected transmission activity
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W84/00—Network topologies
- H04W84/18—Self-organising networks, e.g. ad-hoc networks or sensor networks
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- Y02D—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
- Y02D30/00—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks
- Y02D30/70—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks in wireless communication networks
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Abstract
Translated fromChinese
Description
Translated fromChinese技术领域technical field
本发明涉及无线通信领域，具体涉及一种低功耗无线传感网络。The invention relates to the field of wireless communication, in particular to a low power consumption wireless sensor network.
背景技术Background technique
随着物联网(Internet of Things,IoT)技术的发展及应用领域的不断扩大，能源、交通等垂直行业对信息感知的深度、广度和密度提出了更高要求，负责感知数据上传的传感网络面临着巨大的挑战。然而，在垂直行业中，通常一个区域包含多种需求差异大的数据感知应用，需要多种无线传感网技术来协同实现，此外，垂直行业待监测设备的寿命通常可达二三十年，且无线传感网监测设备部署存在供电难题，亟需进一步降低功耗，提高无线传感网络寿命。With the development of Internet of Things (IoT) technology and the continuous expansion of application fields, vertical industries such as energy and transportation have put forward higher requirements for the depth, breadth and density of information perception. facing great challenges. However, in a vertical industry, usually a region contains a variety of data-aware applications with widely different requirements, which require a variety of wireless sensor network technologies to realize collaboratively. In addition, the service life of the equipment to be monitored in the vertical industry can usually reach 20 to 30 years. Moreover, there are power supply problems in the deployment of wireless sensor network monitoring equipment, and it is urgent to further reduce power consumption and improve the life of wireless sensor network.
发明内容Contents of the invention
有鉴于此，本发明实施例提供了一种低功耗无线传感网络，解决现有技术中无线传感网络功耗较大的问题。In view of this, an embodiment of the present invention provides a low-power wireless sensor network to solve the problem of high power consumption of the wireless sensor network in the prior art.
为达到上述目的，本发明提供如下技术方案：To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
第一方面，本发明实施例提供一种低功耗无线传感网络，网络采用双层架构，包括3类节点：中央协调装置、中继节点和传感器，其中，所述中央协调装置用于管理所述低功耗无线传感网络；所述中继节点用于转发请求信息以及业务数据；所述传感器用于采集业务终端的业务数据并上传至所述中央协调装置，以实现业务数据的传输。In the first aspect, the embodiment of the present invention provides a low-power wireless sensor network. The network adopts a two-layer architecture and includes three types of nodes: a central coordinating device, a relay node, and a sensor, wherein the central coordinating device is used to manage The low-power wireless sensor network; the relay node is used to forward the request information and service data; the sensor is used to collect the service data of the service terminal and upload it to the central coordination device to realize the transmission of service data .
在一实施例中，所述的低功耗无线传感网络为双层架构，其中，所述双层架构的上层由中央协调装置和中继节点构成，其中，所述中央协调装置和中继节点之间采用相同的MAC协议，任意中央协调装置或中继节点支持支持一种或多种不同类型的物理层协议；所述双层架构的下层由中继节点和传感器构成，其中，所述中继节点和传感器之间采用相同的MAC协议，任意中继节点或传感器支持支持一种或多种不同类型的物理层协议。In one embodiment, the low-power wireless sensor network is a two-tier architecture, wherein the upper layer of the two-tier architecture is composed of a central coordinating device and a relay node, wherein the central coordinating device and a relay node The same MAC protocol is used between nodes, and any central coordination device or relay node supports one or more different types of physical layer protocols; the lower layer of the two-layer architecture is composed of relay nodes and sensors, wherein the The same MAC protocol is used between the relay node and the sensor, and any relay node or sensor supports one or more different types of physical layer protocols.
在一实施例中，所述中继节点和/或所述传感器包括：数据收发单元，用于通过物理层及射频电路实现数据的接收与发送；唤醒单元，用于接收外界的唤醒信号，并将接收到的唤醒信号以中断形式向处理器发送唤醒请求；处理器单元，用于根据所述唤醒请求处理资源请求以及业务数据；存储单元，用于存储程序及其运行过程中产生的数据、待发送和接收到的业务数据；电源单元，用于提供供电保障。In an embodiment, the relay node and/or the sensor includes: a data transceiving unit, configured to receive and transmit data through a physical layer and a radio frequency circuit; a wake-up unit, configured to receive an external wake-up signal, and Send the received wake-up signal to the processor in the form of an interrupt; the processor unit is used to process resource requests and business data according to the wake-up request; the storage unit is used to store the program and the data generated during its operation, The service data to be sent and received; the power supply unit is used to provide power supply guarantee.
在一实施例中，网络采用自上而下的组网方式，由中央协调装置发起组网流程，以实现低功耗无线传感网络的组建，低功耗无线传感网络的组建，还包括：中央协调装置判断是否有未接入所述低功耗无线传感网络的传感器，若有，则控制已接入所述低功耗无线传感网络的设备通过其具备的任一通信方式通过任一通信频率广播网络控制信息，其中所述低功耗无线传感网络的设备包括：中央协调装置、中继节点和传感器；未接入所述低功耗无线传感网络的传感器接收到来自多个设备不同通信方式不同工作频率的网络控制信息，根据信道情况选择其中一个设备作为其接入设备，并向所述接入设备发送入网请求；广播网络控制信息的设备接收到未接入所述低功耗无线传感网络的传感器发送的入网请求后，将其转发至中央协调装置；中央协调装置判断是否同意未接入所述低功耗无线传感网络的传感器的入网请求，若同意接入，更新已接入所述低功耗无线传感网络的设备名单，并向未接入所述低功耗无线传感网络的传感器发送入网确认信息，以保证传感器接入所述低功耗无线传感网络。In one embodiment, the network adopts a top-down networking method, and the central coordinating device initiates the networking process to realize the establishment of a low-power wireless sensor network, and the establishment of a low-power wireless sensor network also includes : The central coordinating device judges whether there is a sensor that is not connected to the low-power wireless sensor network, and if so, controls the device that has connected to the low-power wireless sensor network to pass through any communication method it has. Any communication frequency broadcasts network control information, wherein the devices of the low-power wireless sensor network include: a central coordinating device, relay nodes and sensors; sensors not connected to the low-power wireless sensor network receive information from According to the network control information of multiple devices with different communication methods and different working frequencies, one of the devices is selected as its access device according to the channel conditions, and sends a network access request to the access device; the device that broadcasts network control information receives After the network access request sent by the sensor of the low-power wireless sensor network, forward it to the central coordinating device; the central coordinating device judges whether to agree to the network access request of the sensor not connected to the low-power wireless sensor network, if agreed Access, update the list of devices that have connected to the low-power wireless sensor network, and send network access confirmation information to sensors that are not connected to the low-power wireless sensor network, so as to ensure that the sensors are connected to the low-power wireless sensor network consumption of wireless sensor networks.
在一实施例中，所述低功耗无线传感网络的中继节点和/或所述传感器支持休眠状态：当所述传感器无数据传输时进入休眠状态，有数据传输时通过内部中断信号唤醒，开始数据发送，直至数据发送完毕后再次进入休眠状态；当中继节点无数据传输时，向中央协调装置发送休眠请求，接收到所述中央协调装置发送的确认信息后，进入休眠状态；当中央协调装置需要向所属中继节点或传感器发送数据时，发送主动唤醒信号，中继节点或传感器收到主动唤醒信号后进入等待接收状态。In an embodiment, the relay node of the low-power wireless sensor network and/or the sensor supports a sleep state: when the sensor has no data transmission, it enters the sleep state, and when there is data transmission, it wakes up through an internal interrupt signal , start data transmission, and enter the dormant state again after the data transmission is completed; when the relay node has no data transmission, send a dormancy request to the central coordinating device, and enter the dormant state after receiving the confirmation information sent by the central coordinating device; When the coordinating device needs to send data to its relay node or sensor, it sends an active wake-up signal, and the relay node or sensor enters a waiting state after receiving the active wake-up signal.
在一实施例中，当所述传感器有数据发送请求时，进行业务数据的传输，还包括：检测信道状态，若信道状态为空闲时，随机等待预设时间后发送数据；若信道状态为繁忙，则进入休眠状态，等待一个数据包传输周期后再进行信道状态的检测。In one embodiment, when the sensor has a data transmission request, the transmission of business data also includes: detecting the channel state, if the channel state is idle, randomly waiting for a preset time before sending data; if the channel state is busy , it enters the dormant state, and waits for a data packet transmission cycle before performing channel state detection.
在一实施例中，网络支持频率自适应调整，还包括：中继节点和/或传感器判断信道状态是否满足预设要求，当不满足预设要求时，向中央协调装置发送频率更换请求及目标通信频率；所述中央协调装置接收所述中继节点和/或传感器的频率更换请求及目标通信频率后，向所述中继节点和/或传感器及其接入设备发送频率更换确认信息；所述中继节点和/或传感器及其接入设备接收所述频率更换确认信息，将通信频率调整为所述目标通信频率。In one embodiment, the network supports frequency adaptive adjustment, and further includes: the relay node and/or the sensor judges whether the channel state meets the preset requirements, and when the preset requirements are not met, send a frequency change request and target to the central coordination device Communication frequency; after the central coordinating device receives the frequency replacement request and the target communication frequency of the relay node and/or sensor, it sends frequency replacement confirmation information to the relay node and/or sensor and its access equipment; The relay node and/or sensor and its access device receive the frequency replacement confirmation information, and adjust the communication frequency to the target communication frequency.
第二方面，本发明实施例提供一种电子设备，包括：至少一个处理器，以及与至少一个处理器通信连接的存储器，其中，存储器存储有可被至少一个处理器执行的指令，指令被至少一个处理器执行，以使至少一个处理器执行本发明实施例第一方面中包含的低功耗无线传感网络的组网及数据传输方法。In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides an electronic device, including: at least one processor, and a memory connected to the at least one processor in communication, wherein the memory stores instructions that can be executed by the at least one processor, and the instructions are executed by at least one processor. Execution by one processor, so that at least one processor executes the method for networking and data transmission of a low-power wireless sensor network included in the first aspect of the embodiment of the present invention.
第三方面，本发明实施例提供一种计算机可读存储介质，计算机可读存储介质存储有计算机指令，计算机指令用于使计算机执行本发明实施例第一方面中包含的低功耗无线传感网络的组网及数据传输方法。In the third aspect, the embodiment of the present invention provides a computer-readable storage medium, the computer-readable storage medium stores computer instructions, and the computer instructions are used to make the computer execute the low-power wireless sensor included in the first aspect of the embodiment of the present invention Networking and data transmission methods of the network.
本申请实施例采用的上述至少一个技术方案能够达到以下有益效果：The above at least one technical solution adopted in the embodiment of the present application can achieve the following beneficial effects:
本发明提供的一种低功耗无线传感网络，包括两层网络架构且支持多种不同类型的无线传感网技术，能够适应不同监测区域大、多种监测业务种类及分布的需求。同时能够进一步减少传感器端的通信距离，进而降低功耗。支持频率选择和更换，能够在拥挤的未授权频段种找到通信质量好的工作频段，进一步提升网络通信性能；支持节点休眠与主动唤醒，能够最小化功耗。A low-power wireless sensor network provided by the present invention includes a two-layer network architecture and supports multiple different types of wireless sensor network technologies, and can adapt to the needs of different monitoring areas, various types of monitoring services, and distribution. At the same time, the communication distance at the sensor end can be further reduced, thereby reducing power consumption. Supports frequency selection and replacement, can find a working frequency band with good communication quality in crowded unlicensed frequency bands, and further improves network communication performance; supports node sleep and active wake-up, which can minimize power consumption.
附图说明Description of drawings
为了更清楚地说明本发明具体实施方式或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对具体实施方式或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图是本发明的一些实施方式，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。In order to more clearly illustrate the specific implementation of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the accompanying drawings that need to be used in the specific implementation or description of the prior art. Obviously, the accompanying drawings in the following description The drawings show some implementations of the present invention, and those skilled in the art can obtain other drawings based on these drawings without any creative work.
图1为本发明实施例提供的低功耗无线传感网络的一个示意图；FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a low-power wireless sensor network provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
图2为本发明实施例提供的低功耗无线传感网络的组网流程图；Fig. 2 is the networking flowchart of the low power consumption wireless sensor network provided by the embodiment of the present invention;
图3为本发明实施例提供的传感器状态转移示意图；FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of sensor state transition provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
图4为本发明实施例提供的中继节点状态转移示意图；FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of relay node state transition provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
图5为本发明实施例提供的电子设备一个具体示例的组成图。FIG. 5 is a composition diagram of a specific example of an electronic device provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面将结合附图对本发明的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Apparently, the described embodiments are some of the embodiments of the present invention, but not all of them. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by persons of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
在本发明的描述中，需要说明的是，术语“中心”、“上”、“下”、“左”、“右”、“竖直”、“水平”、“内”、“外”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本发明和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本发明的限制。此外，术语“第一”、“第二”、“第三”仅用于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性。In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer" etc. The indicated orientation or positional relationship is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and is only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, or in a specific orientation. construction and operation, therefore, should not be construed as limiting the invention. In addition, the terms "first", "second", and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only, and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
在本发明的描述中，需要说明的是，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或一体地连接；可以是机械连接，也可以是电连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，还可以是两个元件内部的连通，可以是无线连接，也可以是有线连接。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以具体情况理解上述术语在本发明中的具体含义。In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that unless otherwise specified and limited, the terms "installation", "connection" and "connection" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection or a detachable connection. Connected, or integrally connected; it can be mechanically or electrically connected; it can be directly connected, or indirectly connected through an intermediary, or it can be the internal communication of two components, which can be wireless or wired connect. Those of ordinary skill in the art can understand the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention in specific situations.
此外，下面所描述的本发明不同实施方式中所涉及的技术特征只要彼此之间未构成冲突就可以相互结合。In addition, the technical features involved in the different embodiments of the present invention described below may be combined with each other as long as there is no conflict with each other.
本发明实施例提供一种低功耗无线传感网络，现有传感网络中单一的通信方式无法满足大量且所处环境相差巨大的“物”的通信需求。与此同时，不同物联网通信技术之间物理层(Physical Layer，简称PHY)、媒体接入控制层(Medium Access Control，简称MAC)的实现方式相差巨大，无法同时满足支持不同通信方式的通信对象对互联互通的要求，尤其在现有物联中需网要接入新的通信设备时，单一通信方式的局限性更为突出。并且，现有的传感网络需要进一步降低功耗，进而提高无线传感网寿命。The embodiment of the present invention provides a low-power wireless sensor network. A single communication method in the existing sensor network cannot meet the communication requirements of a large number of "things" with huge differences in environments. At the same time, the implementation methods of the Physical Layer (PHY) and the Medium Access Control layer (MAC) differ greatly between different IoT communication technologies, which cannot satisfy the communication objects that support different communication methods at the same time. The requirements for interconnection and interoperability, especially when the existing Internet of Things needs to be connected to new communication devices, the limitations of a single communication method are more prominent. Moreover, the existing sensor network needs to further reduce power consumption, thereby improving the service life of the wireless sensor network.
本发明实施例的低功耗无线传感网络如图1所示，网络采用双层架构，包括：3类N(N≥1)种不同类型的节点，此3类节点分别为：中央协调装置01、中继节点02和传感器03，其中，单个子网仅包含1个中央协调装置，中继节点02和传感器03节点数量不限。中继节点02除了专门部署、仅作为中继的节点之外，也可以是功能较为复杂的传感器03节点。网络每一层节点采用相同的MAC及以上协议，但任一类型的节点支持M(M≥1)种不同类型的物理层协议。协议包括但不限于Bluetooth 4.0、Bluetooth 5.0、ZigBee、NB-IoT、LoRa、Sigfox等低功耗窄带无线通信协议，WiFi等宽带无线通信协议，以及其他面向物联网监测应用行业级或企业级协议，不同类型的节点由其支持的物理层协议、处理和存储能力决定。The low-power wireless sensor network of the embodiment of the present invention is shown in Figure 1. The network adopts a two-layer architecture, including: 3 types of N (N≥1) different types of nodes, and these 3 types of nodes are: a
具体地，中央协调装置01用于管理低功耗无线传感网络；中继节点02用于转发请求信息以及业务数据；传感器03用于采集业务终端的业务数据并上传至中央协调装置01，以实现业务数据的传输。Specifically, the
在实际应用中，如图1，网络共包含3类7种不同类型的节点，分别为：In practical applications, as shown in Figure 1, the network contains 3 types of 7 different types of nodes, which are:
类型1：中央协调装置；Type 1: central coordination device;
类型2：中继节点(LoRa、BLE)，同时具备LoRa和BLE两种类型物理层的设备；Type 2: relay nodes (LoRa, BLE), devices with both LoRa and BLE physical layers;
类型3：中继节点(LoRa、ZigBee)，同时具备LoRa和ZigBee两种类型物理层的设备；Type 3: relay nodes (LoRa, ZigBee), devices with both LoRa and ZigBee types of physical layers;
类型4：中继节点(纯中继、BLE)，仅作为中继节点不作为传感器使用，且仅具备BLE物理层的设备；Type 4: Relay node (pure relay, BLE), which is only used as a relay node and not a sensor, and only has a BLE physical layer device;
类型5：传感器(LoRa)，仅具备LoRa物理层的传感器；Type 5: Sensor (LoRa), a sensor with only the LoRa physical layer;
类型6：传感器(BLE)，仅具备BLE物理层的传感器；Type 6: sensor (BLE), a sensor with only BLE physical layer;
类型7：传感器(ZigBee)，仅具备ZigBee物理层的传感器。Type 7: Sensor (ZigBee), a sensor with only ZigBee physical layer.
在上述低功耗无线传感网络中，传感器根据其监测业务需求、所处环境及供电条件可支持上述通信协议中的一种。中继节点根据其是否有监测业务需求、监测业务对通信的需求、所处环境及供电条件可支持上述通信协议中的一种或多种。传感器只有通过和其具备同一通信协议的中继节点相连。In the above-mentioned low-power wireless sensor network, the sensor can support one of the above-mentioned communication protocols according to its monitoring service requirements, environment and power supply conditions. The relay node can support one or more of the above communication protocols according to whether it has a monitoring service requirement, the monitoring service's communication requirement, its environment and power supply conditions. Sensors are only connected through relay nodes that have the same communication protocol as them.
在一具体实施例中，本实施例提供的低功耗无线传感网络为双层架构，其中，上述的双层架构的上层由中央协调装置和中继节点构成，其中，中央协调装置和中继节点之间采用相同的MAC协议，任意中央协调装置或中继节点支持不同类型的物理层协议；具体地，上层全部节点采用相同的MAC协议，但任意节点支持M(M≥1)种不同类型的物理层协议。协议包括但不限于Bluetooth 4.0、Bluetooth 5.0、ZigBee、NB-IoT、LoRa、Sigfox等低功耗窄带无线通信协议，WiFi等宽带无线通信协议，以及其他面向物联网监测应用的国家、行业级或企业级协议。In a specific embodiment, the low-power wireless sensor network provided by this embodiment is a two-layer architecture, wherein the upper layer of the above-mentioned two-layer architecture is composed of a central coordinating device and a relay node, wherein the central coordinating device and the central The same MAC protocol is used between relay nodes, and any central coordination device or relay node supports different types of physical layer protocols; specifically, all nodes in the upper layer use the same MAC protocol, but any node supports M (M≥1) different types of physical layer protocols. type of physical layer protocol. Protocols include but are not limited to Bluetooth 4.0, Bluetooth 5.0, ZigBee, NB-IoT, LoRa, Sigfox and other low-power narrowband wireless communication protocols, WiFi and other broadband wireless communication protocols, and other national, industry-level or enterprise-oriented IoT monitoring applications level agreement.
具体地，双层架构的下层由中继节点和传感器构成，其中，下层全部节点采用相同的MAC协议，任意中继节点或传感器支持M(M≥1)种不同类型的物理层协议。其协议也是包含上述双层架构的上层中的各个协议。Specifically, the lower layer of the two-layer architecture is composed of relay nodes and sensors, wherein all nodes in the lower layer use the same MAC protocol, and any relay node or sensor supports M (M≥1) different types of physical layer protocols. Its protocol also includes each protocol in the upper layer of the above-mentioned two-tier architecture.
具体地，中继节点02和/或传感器03包括：数据收发单元，用于通过物理层及射频电路实现数据的接收与发送；唤醒单元，用于接收外界的唤醒信号，并将接收到的唤醒信号以中断形式向处理器发送唤醒请求；处理器单元，用于根据唤醒请求处理资源请求以及业务数据；存储单元，用于存储程序及其运行过程中产生的数据、待发送和接收到的业务数据；电源单元，用于提供供电保障。Specifically, the
本发明提供的低功耗无线传感网络，包括两层网络架构且支持多种不同类型的无线传感网技术，能够适应不同监测区域大、多种监测业务种类及分布的需求。同时，本发明实施例提供的网络架构能够进一步减少传感器端的通信距离，进而降低功耗。The low-power wireless sensor network provided by the present invention includes a two-layer network architecture and supports multiple different types of wireless sensor network technologies, and can adapt to the needs of different monitoring areas, various types of monitoring services, and distribution. At the same time, the network architecture provided by the embodiments of the present invention can further reduce the communication distance of the sensor end, thereby reducing power consumption.
本发明实施例的低功耗无线传感网络，采用自上而下的组网方式，由中央协调装置发起组网流程，以实现低功耗无线传感网络的组建，如图2所示，低功耗无线传感网络的组建，还包括：The low-power wireless sensor network of the embodiment of the present invention adopts a top-down networking method, and the central coordination device initiates the networking process to realize the establishment of a low-power wireless sensor network, as shown in FIG. 2 , The establishment of a low-power wireless sensor network also includes:
步骤S1：中央协调装置判断是否有未接入低功耗无线传感网络的传感器。Step S1: The central coordinating device judges whether there are sensors not connected to the low-power wireless sensor network.
步骤S2：若有，则控制已接入低功耗无线传感网络的设备通过其具备的任一通信方式通过任一通信频率广播网络控制信息，其中低功耗无线传感网络的设备包括：中央协调装置、中继节点和传感器。本发明实施例中，通信信道(Channels of communicationl)是数据传输的通路，在通信网络中信道分为物理信道和逻辑信道。物理信道指用于传输数据信号的物理通路，它由传输介质与有关通信设备组成；逻辑信道指在物理信道的基础上，发送与接收数据信号的双方通过中间结点所实现的逻辑通路，由此为传输数据信号形成的逻辑通路。Step S2: If yes, then control the devices connected to the low-power wireless sensor network to broadcast network control information through any communication method and any communication frequency. The devices of the low-power wireless sensor network include: Central coordinating devices, relay nodes and sensors. In the embodiment of the present invention, a communication channel (Channels of communication 1) is a path for data transmission, and channels in a communication network are divided into physical channels and logical channels. A physical channel refers to a physical path used to transmit data signals, which is composed of a transmission medium and related communication equipment; a logical channel refers to a logical path realized by both parties sending and receiving data signals through an intermediate node on the basis of a physical channel. This is a logical path formed by transmitting data signals.
网络中各点对点通信链路可使用不同的工作频率。网络中所有链路的通信频率由中央协调装置确定。可使用工作频段包括但不限于230MHz、470～510MHz、2.4GHz等。当某一链路通信质量较差时，向中央协调装置发送更换工作频率请求，经过确认后该链路工作频率调整至中央协调装置新分配的工作频率上。Different operating frequencies may be used for each point-to-point communication link in the network. The communication frequencies of all links in the network are determined by a central coordinating device. Available working frequency bands include but are not limited to 230MHz, 470-510MHz, 2.4GHz, etc. When the communication quality of a certain link is poor, a request for changing the working frequency is sent to the central coordinating device, and after confirmation, the working frequency of the link is adjusted to the newly allocated working frequency of the central coordinating device.
步骤S3：未接入低功耗无线传感网络的传感器接收到来自多个设备不同通信方式不同工作频率的网络控制信息，根据信道情况选择其中一个设备作为其接入设备，并向接入设备发送入网请求。Step S3: The sensor not connected to the low-power wireless sensor network receives network control information from multiple devices with different communication methods and different operating frequencies, selects one of the devices as its access device according to the channel situation, and sends a report to the access device Send a network request.
本发明实施例中，假设中央协调装置事先了解其周围部署节点的类型和个数。当网络中存在未接入节点时，中央协调装置控制已入网中继节点通过其具备的物理层发送组网控制帧，直至所有传感器均已加入网络。In the embodiment of the present invention, it is assumed that the central coordinating device knows in advance the type and number of nodes deployed around it. When there are unconnected nodes in the network, the central coordinating device controls the relay nodes already connected to the network to send networking control frames through their physical layers until all sensors have joined the network.
步骤S4：广播网络控制信息的设备接收到未接入低功耗无线传感网络的传感器发送的入网请求后，将其转发至中央协调装置。Step S4: After receiving the network access request sent by the sensor not connected to the low-power wireless sensor network, the device broadcasting network control information forwards it to the central coordinating device.
步骤S5：中央协调装置判断是否同意未接入低功耗无线传感网络的传感器的入网请求，若同意接入，更新已接入低功耗无线传感网络的设备名单，并向未接入低功耗无线传感网络的传感器发送入网确认信息，以保证传感器接入低功耗无线传感网络。Step S5: The central coordinating device judges whether to agree to the network access request of the sensor not connected to the low-power wireless sensor network, and if it agrees to access, updates the list of devices connected to the low-power wireless sensor The sensor of the low-power wireless sensor network sends network access confirmation information to ensure that the sensor is connected to the low-power wireless sensor network.
本实施例提供的低功耗无线传感网络，包括两层网络架构且支持多种不同类型的无线传感网技术，能够适应不同监测区域大、多种监测业务种类及分布的需求。同时能够进一步减少传感器端的通信距离，进而降低功耗。支持频率选择和更换，能够在拥挤的未授权频段种找到通信质量好的工作频段，进一步提升网络通信性能；支持节点休眠与主动唤醒，能够最小化功耗。The low-power wireless sensor network provided in this embodiment includes a two-layer network architecture and supports multiple different types of wireless sensor network technologies, and can adapt to the requirements of different monitoring areas, various monitoring service types and distribution. At the same time, the communication distance at the sensor end can be further reduced, thereby reducing power consumption. Supports frequency selection and replacement, can find a working frequency band with good communication quality in crowded unlicensed frequency bands, and further improves network communication performance; supports node sleep and active wake-up, which can minimize power consumption.
具体地，在另一具体实施例中，低功耗无线传感网络的中继节点和/或传感器支持休眠状态，还包括：Specifically, in another specific embodiment, the relay nodes and/or sensors of the low-power wireless sensor network support a dormant state, and further include:
步骤S6：当传感器无数据传输时进入休眠状态，有数据传输时通过内部中断信号唤醒，开始数据发送，直至数据发送完毕后再次进入休眠状态。当低功耗无线传感网络的任一传感器、任一中继节点处于休眠状态时，需要向对应的中继节点或者传感器发送内部的数据包产生中断或者唤醒信号，对低功耗无线传感网络进行唤醒，将其状态确定为等待状态。Step S6: The sensor enters the dormant state when there is no data transmission, wakes up through the internal interrupt signal when there is data transmission, and starts data transmission, and enters the dormant state again after the data transmission is completed. When any sensor or any relay node of the low-power wireless sensor network is in a dormant state, it needs to send an internal data packet to the corresponding relay node or sensor to generate an interrupt or wake-up signal. The network wakes up and determines its state as waiting.
步骤S7：当中继节点无数据传输时，向中央协调装置发送休眠请求，接收到中央协调装置发送的确认信息后，进入休眠状态。在无数据传输过程中，将中继节点的状态更改为休眠状态，以保证设备的使用寿命以及安全性。Step S7: When the relay node has no data transmission, send a dormancy request to the central coordinating device, and enter the dormant state after receiving the confirmation message sent by the central coordinating device. In the process of no data transmission, the state of the relay node is changed to a dormant state to ensure the service life and safety of the device.
步骤S8：当中央协调控制装置需要向所属中继节点或传感器发送数据时，发送主动唤醒信号，中继节点或传感器收到主动唤醒信号后进入等待接收状态。Step S8: When the central coordination control device needs to send data to its relay node or sensor, it sends an active wake-up signal, and the relay node or sensor enters a waiting state after receiving the active wake-up signal.
本发明实施例中，低功耗无线传感网络的任一节点均支持休眠与主动唤醒。任一类型的传感器无数据传输时进入休眠状态，任一类型的中继节点无数据传输且经中央协调装置确认后可进入休眠状态。任一传感器、任一中继节点在接收到内部数据发送中断或者外部主动唤醒信号后进行唤醒，进入数据等待发送/接收状态。图3为传感器状态转移示意图，图4为中继节点状态转移示意图。In the embodiment of the present invention, any node of the low-power wireless sensor network supports sleep and active wake-up. Any type of sensor enters a dormant state when there is no data transmission, and any type of relay node can enter a dormant state after having no data transmission and being confirmed by the central coordination device. Any sensor or any relay node wakes up after receiving an internal data transmission interrupt or an external active wake-up signal, and enters the state of data waiting to be sent/received. FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of sensor state transition, and FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of relay node state transition.
具体地，当传感器有数据发送请求时，进行业务数据的传输，还包括：Specifically, when the sensor has a data sending request, the transmission of business data also includes:
步骤S01：检测信道状态，若信道状态为空闲时，随机等待预设时间后发送数据。其中，当信道状态为空闲时，表明此时可以进行数据传输，则随机等待预设时间后发送数据，预设时间的确定则是利用现有的技术进行实现，本实施例在此不再赘述。Step S01: Detect the channel status, if the channel status is idle, wait randomly for a preset time before sending data. Wherein, when the channel state is idle, it indicates that data transmission can be carried out at this time, then the data is sent after waiting for the preset time randomly, and the determination of the preset time is realized by using the existing technology, and this embodiment will not go into details here .
步骤S02：若信道状态为繁忙，则进入休眠状态，等待一个数据包传输周期后再进行信道状态的检测。当信道状态为繁忙时，则将传感器继续保持休眠状态，并等待预设传输周期后重新检测信道状态，直到信道状态为空闲。Step S02: If the channel state is busy, enter the dormant state, wait for a data packet transmission cycle, and then detect the channel state. When the channel status is busy, keep the sensor in a dormant state, and wait for the preset transmission period to re-detect the channel status until the channel status is idle.
本发明实施例中，任一类型的传感器或者中继节点处于非休眠状态(等待状态)且有数据发送需求时，首先检测信道状态，若信道为空闲则随机退避一段随机时间后发送数据，若信道为忙，则进入休眠状态，等待一个数据包传输周期后再进行信道检测。In the embodiment of the present invention, when any type of sensor or relay node is in a non-sleeping state (waiting state) and has a need for data transmission, it first detects the channel state, and if the channel is idle, it randomly backs off for a random period of time before sending data. If the channel is busy, it enters the dormant state and waits for a data packet transmission cycle before performing channel detection.
步骤S03：中继节点和/或传感器判断信道状态是否满足预设要求，当不满足预设要求时，向中央协调装置发送频率更换请求及目标通信频率；Step S03: the relay node and/or the sensor judges whether the channel state meets the preset requirements, and sends a frequency change request and the target communication frequency to the central coordinating device if the preset requirements are not met;
步骤S04：中央协调装置接收中继节点和/或传感器的频率更换请求及目标通信频率后，向中继节点和/或传感器及其接入设备发送频率更换确认信息；Step S04: After receiving the frequency change request and the target communication frequency of the relay node and/or sensor, the central coordinating device sends frequency change confirmation information to the relay node and/or sensor and its access equipment;
步骤S05：中继节点和/或传感器及其接入设备接收频率更换确认信息，将通信频率调整为目标通信频率。Step S05: The relay node and/or the sensor and its access device receive the frequency replacement confirmation information, and adjust the communication frequency to the target communication frequency.
其中，当信道状态不满足预设要求时，也就是网络通信状态较差时，会影响传输效率与准确性，需要及时更换通信频率；向中央协调装置发送更换通信频率请求，以使得中央协调装置确认更换通信频率请求后发送更换确认信息。网络中各点对点通信链路可使用不同的工作频率。网络可使用工作频段包括但不限于230MHz、470～510MHz、2.4GHz等。Among them, when the channel state does not meet the preset requirements, that is, when the network communication state is poor, the transmission efficiency and accuracy will be affected, and the communication frequency needs to be replaced in time; a request for changing the communication frequency is sent to the central coordination device, so that the central coordination device After confirming the request to change the communication frequency, a change confirmation message is sent. Different operating frequencies may be used for each point-to-point communication link in the network. The working frequency bands that the network can use include but are not limited to 230MHz, 470-510MHz, 2.4GHz, etc.
在实际应用中，网络支持软件加密和双向认证。加密方法可采用通用软加密方法，如SM4等。双向认证可采用通用双向认证方法，如WAPI等。In practical applications, the network supports software encryption and two-way authentication. The encryption method can adopt general soft encryption method, such as SM4 and so on. Two-way authentication can adopt common two-way authentication methods, such as WAPI and so on.
本发明提供的低功耗无线传感网络，包括两层网络架构且支持多种不同类型的无线传感网技术，能够适应不同监测区域大、多种监测业务种类及分布的需求。同时能够进一步减少传感器端的通信距离，进而降低功耗。支持频率选择和更换，能够在拥挤的未授权频段种找到通信质量好的工作频段，进一步提升网络通信性能；支持节点休眠与主动唤醒，能够最小化功耗。The low-power wireless sensor network provided by the present invention includes a two-layer network architecture and supports multiple different types of wireless sensor network technologies, and can adapt to the needs of different monitoring areas, various types of monitoring services, and distribution. At the same time, the communication distance at the sensor end can be further reduced, thereby reducing power consumption. Supports frequency selection and replacement, can find a working frequency band with good communication quality in crowded unlicensed frequency bands, and further improves network communication performance; supports node sleep and active wake-up, which can minimize power consumption.
本发明实施例提供一种电子设备，如图5所示，包括：至少一个处理器401，例如CPU(Central Processing Unit，中央处理器)，至少一个通信接口403，存储器404，至少一个通信总线402。其中，通信总线402用于实现这些组件之间的连接通信。其中，通信接口403可以包括显示屏(Display)、键盘(Keyboard)，可选通信接口403还可以包括标准的有线接口、无线接口。存储器404可以是高速RAM存储器(Ramdom Access Memory，易挥发性随机存取存储器)，也可以是非不稳定的存储器(non-volatile memory)，例如至少一个磁盘存储器。存储器404可选的还可以是至少一个位于远离前述处理器401的存储装置。其中处理器401可以执行低功耗无线传感网络的组网及数据传输方法。存储器404中存储一组程序代码，且处理器401调用存储器404中存储的程序代码，以用于执行的低功耗无线传感网络的组网及数据传输方法。The embodiment of the present invention provides an electronic device, as shown in Figure 5, comprising: at least one
其中，通信总线402可以是外设部件互连标准(perIPheral componentinterconnect，简称PCI)总线或扩展工业标准结构(extended industry standardarchitecture，简称EISA)总线等。通信总线402可以分为地址总线、数据总线、控制总线等。为便于表示，图5中仅用一条线表示，但并不表示仅有一根总线或一种类型的总线。Wherein, the
其中，存储器404可以包括易失性存储器(英文：volatile memory)，例如随机存取存储器(英文：random-access memory，缩写：RAM)；存储器也可以包括非易失性存储器(英文：non-volatile memory)，例如快闪存储器(英文：flash memory)，硬盘(英文：hard diskdrive，缩写：HDD)或固降硬盘(英文：solid-state drive，缩写：SSD)；存储器404还可以包括上述种类的存储器的组合。Wherein, the
其中，处理器401可以是中央处理器(英文：central processing unit，缩写：CPU)，网络处理器(英文：network processor，缩写：NP)或者CPU和NP的组合。Wherein, the
其中，处理器401还可以进一步包括硬件芯片。上述硬件芯片可以是专用集成电路(英文：application-specific integrated circuit，缩写：ASIC)，可编程逻辑器件(英文：programmable logic device，缩写：PLD)或其组合。上述PLD可以是复杂可编程逻辑器件(英文：complex programmable logic device，缩写：CPLD)，现场可编程逻辑门阵列(英文：field-programmable gate array，缩写：FPGA)，通用阵列逻辑(英文：generic arraylogic,缩写：GAL)或其任意组合。Wherein, the
可选地，存储器404还用于存储程序指令。处理器401可以调用程序指令，实现如本申请执行上述实施例的低功耗无线传感网络的组网及数据传输方法。Optionally, the
本发明实施例还提供一种计算机可读存储介质，计算机可读存储介质上存储有计算机可执行指令，该计算机可执行指令可执行上述实施例的低功耗无线传感网络的组网及数据传输方法。其中，存储介质可为磁碟、光盘、只读存储记忆体(Read-Only Memory，ROM)、随机存储记忆体(Random Access Memory，RAM)、快闪存储器(Flash Memory)、硬盘(HardDisk Drive，缩写：HDD)或固降硬盘(Solid-State Drive，SSD)等；存储介质还可以包括上述种类的存储器的组合。The embodiment of the present invention also provides a computer-readable storage medium, on which computer-executable instructions are stored, and the computer-executable instructions can execute the networking and data of the low-power wireless sensor network of the above-mentioned embodiments. transfer method. Wherein, the storage medium may be a magnetic disk, an optical disk, a read-only memory (Read-Only Memory, ROM), a random access memory (Random Access Memory, RAM), a flash memory (Flash Memory), a hard disk (HardDisk Drive, Abbreviation: HDD) or Solid-State Drive (SSD), etc.; the storage medium may also include a combination of the above-mentioned types of memories.
显然，上述实施例仅仅是为清楚地说明所作的举例，而并非对实施方式的限定。对于所属领域的普通技术人员来说，在上述说明的基础上还可以做出其它不同形式的变化或变动。这里无需也无法对所有的实施方式予以穷举。而由此所引申出的显而易见的变化或变动仍处于本发明创造的保护范围之中。Apparently, the above-mentioned embodiments are only examples for clear description, rather than limiting the implementation. For those of ordinary skill in the art, other changes or changes in different forms can be made on the basis of the above description. It is not necessary and impossible to exhaustively list all the implementation manners here. However, the obvious changes or changes derived therefrom are still within the scope of protection of the present invention.
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