CN113357985B

Movatterモバイル変換

Info

Publication number: CN113357985B
Application number: CN202110588970.8A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 李小帅; 高文学; 张声辉; 宋肖龙; 胡宇; 马家骅
Original assignee: Beijing University of Technology
Current assignee: Beijing University of Technology
Priority date: 2021-05-28
Filing date: 2021-05-28
Publication date: 2022-06-07
Anticipated expiration: 2041-05-28
Also published as: CN113357985A

Abstract

Translated fromChinese

本发明涉及一种爆破工程球状空气装药间隔器及间隔装药方法，球状空气间隔装药器，包括爪型束缚装置、提拉卡扣、束缚带、高强度弹性气体球、吊绳、拉绳。高强度弹性气体球安放在爪型束缚装置内，球体在爪型束缚装置外力作用下变形为椭球体，使整个间隔装药器径向最大尺寸小于炮孔直径，爪型束缚装置的每个爪尖设有一个限位孔，束缚带穿在限位孔中，束缚带的两端与提拉卡扣相连，提拉卡扣开关处与束缚装置顶部具有环状吊耳，提拉卡扣开关吊耳连接拉绳，束缚装置吊耳连接吊绳。使用时，通过吊绳将间隔器送入炮孔指定位置，提拉拉绳，将提拉卡扣打开，使高强度弹性气体球由椭球体恢复为圆球体卡在炮孔内，形成空气间隔段。

The invention relates to a spherical air charge spacer for blasting engineering and a method for space charge. rope. The high-strength elastic gas ball is placed in the claw-type restraint device, and the sphere is deformed into an ellipsoid under the action of the external force of the claw-type restraint device, so that the radial maximum dimension of the entire spacer is smaller than the diameter of the blast hole. Each claw tip of the claw-type restraint device There is a limit hole, the restraint belt is passed through the limit hole, the two ends of the restraint belt are connected with the lifting buckle, the lifting buckle switch and the top of the restraint device have annular lifting ears, and the lifting buckle switch hangs The lugs are connected to the pull rope, and the lifting lugs of the restraint device are connected to the suspension rope. When in use, the spacer is sent to the designated position of the gun hole through the sling, and the pull rope is pulled to open the pull buckle, so that the high-strength elastic gas ball is restored from an ellipsoid to a round sphere and stuck in the gun hole to form an air gap. part.

Description

Translated fromChinese

一种爆破工程球状空气装药间隔器及间隔装药方法A kind of blasting engineering spherical air charge spacer and spacer charge method

技术领域technical field

本发明涉及工程爆破领域，特别是涉及一种爆破工程球状空气间隔装药器及间隔装药方法。The invention relates to the field of engineering blasting, in particular to a spherical air spacer for blasting engineering and a method for spacer charge.

背景技术Background technique

深孔爆破技术在大型土石方开挖工程中占有重要地位，广泛应用于路基开挖、矿山开采、水利施工作业中。相对于传统连续装药技术，采用间隔装药技术能够有效降低炸药单耗、减少爆破振动，并且可以降低炮孔内壁初始冲击压力峰值，避免矿岩过度粉碎，提高能量利用率，达到改善爆破效果，降低爆破成本的目的。目前市场上的空气间隔器单价高，使用率较低，我国矿山一般采用岩粉、竹筒、PVC管等材料代替空气间隔器，其爆破效果较差。Deep hole blasting technology occupies an important position in large-scale earth and stone excavation projects, and is widely used in roadbed excavation, mining, and water conservancy construction operations. Compared with the traditional continuous charging technology, the use of spaced charging technology can effectively reduce the unit consumption of explosives, reduce blasting vibration, and can reduce the initial impact pressure peak value of the inner wall of the blasthole, avoid excessive crushing of ore and rock, improve energy utilization, and improve blasting effect. , the purpose of reducing blasting costs. At present, the unit price of air spacers on the market is high, and the utilization rate is low. Generally, mines in my country use rock powder, bamboo tubes, PVC pipes and other materials to replace air spacers, and their blasting effect is poor.

发明内容SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

本发明的目的在于提供一种成本低、操作简便、可靠性高的空气间隔装药器及间隔装药方法。The purpose of the present invention is to provide an air spacer and a spacer charge method with low cost, simple operation and high reliability.

为了达到上述目的，本发明采用以下技术方案实现：球状空气间隔装药器，包括爪型束缚装置、提拉卡扣、束缚带、高强度弹性气体球、吊绳、拉绳。In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions: a spherical air-spaced medicine charger, including a claw-type restraint device, a pull-up clasp, a restraint belt, a high-strength elastic gas ball, a hanging rope, and a pulling rope.

所述爪型束缚装置为刚性材料，束缚装置顶部为带吊耳固定盘，固定盘每隔90°外凸一段，凸出段开有凹槽和轴孔，固定盘通过转轴与四个束缚爪铰接，束缚爪尖设有限位孔，束缚爪内侧有防滑垫，防止气体球滑落。The claw-type restraint device is a rigid material, and the top of the restraint device is a fixed plate with lifting lugs. The fixed plate protrudes a section every 90°, and the convex section is provided with a groove and a shaft hole. The fixed plate passes through the rotating shaft and the four binding claws. Hinged, there is a limit hole at the tip of the binding claw, and there is a non-slip pad on the inside of the binding claw to prevent the gas ball from slipping.

所述提拉卡扣，包括插头和锁扣插销，插头的一端设有矩形孔槽，插头内部通过一个中间开有方孔的隔板，分隔为孔位和零件安装空间，零件安装空间内部设有可转动锁头，锁头两端分别通过转轴和弹簧固定在内壁上，在可转动锁头的弹簧固定端设有提拉开关；锁扣插销的一端设有矩形孔槽，另一端设有锁扣。使用时，将锁扣插销插入孔位内，将提拉开关放下，锁头的弹簧固定端卡住锁扣，此时提拉卡扣锁死；将提拉开关提起，锁头的弹簧固定端收回，提拉卡扣打开。The lifting buckle includes a plug and a locking pin. One end of the plug is provided with a rectangular hole slot, and the interior of the plug is divided into a hole position and a part installation space through a partition with a square hole in the middle. There is a rotatable lock head, the two ends of the lock head are respectively fixed on the inner wall by a rotating shaft and a spring, and a pull switch is arranged at the fixed end of the spring of the rotatable lock head; Latch. When in use, insert the latch pin into the hole, put down the lift switch, and the spring fixed end of the lock catches the lock, at this time the lift buckle is locked; lift the lift switch, the spring fixed end of the lock Retract it, and the lift buckle opens.

所述束缚带为非弹性柔性带，束缚带穿在束缚爪的限位孔中，束缚带的两端与提拉卡扣的插头矩形孔槽和锁扣插销矩形孔槽相连。The restraint belt is an inelastic flexible belt, the restraint belt is passed through the limit hole of the restraint claw, and the two ends of the restraint belt are connected with the rectangular hole groove of the plug and the rectangular hole groove of the lock buckle.

所述高强度弹性气体球原状为圆球形，气体球直径大于炮孔直径，在束缚装置外力作用下变形为椭球体，使整个间隔器径向最大尺寸小于炮孔直径，气体球外壁为防滑材料避免其从束缚装置或炮孔内壁滑落，影响间隔效果。The original shape of the high-strength elastic gas ball is spherical, the diameter of the gas ball is larger than the diameter of the blast hole, and deformed into an ellipsoid under the action of the external force of the restraint device, so that the maximum radial dimension of the entire spacer is smaller than the diameter of the blast hole, and the outer wall of the gas ball is made of anti-skid material. Prevent it from slipping off the restraint device or the inner wall of the blast hole, affecting the spacing effect.

所述吊绳与爪型束缚装置吊耳相连接，吊绳标有刻度，方便掌握间隔器下放深度，使间隔器可精确到达指定位置。The hanging rope is connected with the lifting lug of the claw-type restraint device, and the hanging rope is marked with a scale, which is convenient for grasping the lowering depth of the spacer, so that the spacer can accurately reach the designated position.

所述拉绳与提拉卡扣的开关相连接，拉绳提起，提拉卡扣打开，爪型束缚装置外力消失，高强度密闭弹性气体球由椭球体恢复为圆球体，使其卡在炮孔内，实现空气间隔。The pull rope is connected with the switch of the lifting buckle, the pull rope is lifted, the lifting buckle is opened, the external force of the claw restraint device disappears, and the high-strength airtight elastic gas ball is restored from an ellipsoid to a sphere, making it stuck in the gun. In the hole, the air gap is realized.

相应地，本发明还提供一种间隔装药方法，采用上述球状空气间隔装药器，步骤如下：Correspondingly, the present invention also provides a method for spaced charge, using the above-mentioned spherical air spacer charge, and the steps are as follows:

1)根据炮孔孔径调整束缚带长度，使锁固后的爪型束缚装置外径小于炮孔内径，打开提拉卡扣，将爪型束缚装置的四个爪撑开，将高强度弹性气体球放入爪型束缚装置内，将锁扣插销插入孔位内，将提拉开关放下；1) Adjust the length of the restraint belt according to the hole diameter of the blasting hole, so that the outer diameter of the claw-type restraint device after locking is smaller than the inner diameter of the blasting hole, open the pull-up buckle, spread the four claws of the claw-type restraint device, and release the high-strength elastic gas Put the ball into the claw restraint device, insert the lock pin into the hole, and put down the lift switch;

2)装填第一段炸药和起爆器材；2) Loading the first stage of explosives and detonating equipment;

3)通过吊绳将间隔器送入炮孔指定位置；3) Send the spacer to the designated position of the gun hole through the sling;

4)提拉拉绳，将提拉卡扣打开，使高强度弹性气体球由椭球体恢复为圆球体卡在炮孔内；4) Pull the pull rope, and open the pull buckle, so that the high-strength elastic gas ball is restored from an ellipsoid to a round sphere and is stuck in the blasthole;

5)提拉吊绳和拉绳，回收爪型束缚装置、提拉卡扣和束缚带；5) Pull the sling and the pull rope, and recover the claw restraint device, the pull buckle and the restraint belt;

6)进行后续装药及填塞工作；6) Carry out subsequent charging and packing;

7)重复1-6步，完成整个爆区间隔装药作业；7) Repeat steps 1-6 to complete the entire blasting area interval charging operation;

8)连接爆破网路，准备起爆。8) Connect to the blasting network and prepare to detonate.

本发明与现有技术相比，有益效果是：Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

1、本发明主体采用气体球进行堵塞间隔，密闭性好，可以很好的避免露药，间隔效果好。1. The main body of the present invention uses gas balls to block the interval, which has good airtightness, can well avoid drug dew, and has a good interval effect.

2、本发明原理主要是利用气球体的自身形变实现，相对于通过药剂混合产生气体或外部设备充气而言，更加简便、廉价，且可靠性更高。2. The principle of the present invention is mainly realized by the self-deformation of the balloon body, which is simpler, cheaper, and more reliable than generating gas by mixing medicaments or inflating external equipment.

3、本发明吊绳标有刻度，施工人员吊装间隔器时容易掌握下放深度，间隔器安放位置更精确。3. The suspending rope of the present invention is marked with a scale, so the construction personnel can easily grasp the lowering depth when hoisting the spacer, and the placement position of the spacer is more accurate.

附图说明Description of drawings

图1是本发明的结构示意图。Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the present invention.

图2是本发明束缚装置结构示意图。FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the structure of the restraint device of the present invention.

图3是本发明束缚装置俯视图。Figure 3 is a top view of the restraint device of the present invention.

图4是本发明提拉卡扣打开状态俯视图。FIG. 4 is a top view of the open state of the pull buckle of the present invention.

图5是本发明提拉卡扣闭合状态俯视图。FIG. 5 is a top view of the closed state of the pull clasp of the present invention.

图6是本发明实施时示意图。FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram when the present invention is implemented.

附图标记说明：爪型束缚装置1；吊耳1-1；固定盘1-2；轴孔1-3；转轴1-4；防滑垫1-5；束缚爪1-6；限位孔1-7；凸出段凹槽1-8；提拉卡扣2；插头2-1；矩形孔槽2-1-1；弹簧2-1-2；提拉开关2-1-3；转轴2-1-4；可转动锁头2-1-5；锁扣插销2-2；矩形孔槽2-2-1；锁扣2-2-2；束缚带3；高强度弹性气体球4；吊绳5；拉绳6；炮孔7；炸药段8；起爆器材9；空气段10。DESCRIPTION OF REFERENCE NUMERALS: Claw-type restraining device 1; lifting lug 1-1; fixing plate 1-2; shaft hole 1-3; rotating shaft 1-4; anti-skid pad 1-5; restraining claw 1-6; -7; Groove groove 1-8;Lifting buckle 2; Plug 2-1; Rectangular hole slot 2-1-1; Spring 2-1-2; Lifting switch 2-1-3; -1-4; rotatable lock head 2-1-5; lock latch 2-2; rectangular hole slot 2-2-1; lock 2-2-2;restraint belt 3; high-strengthelastic gas ball 4;Suspension rope 5;pull rope 6;gun hole 7;explosive section 8; detonatingequipment 9;air section 10.

具体实施方式Detailed ways

下面结合附图对本发明的具体实施方式作进一步说明：The specific embodiments of the present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings:

如图1所示，本发明包括爪型束缚装置1、提拉卡扣2、束缚带3、高强度弹性气体球4、吊绳5、拉绳6。As shown in FIG. 1 , the present invention includes a claw-type restraint device 1 , alifting buckle 2 , arestraint belt 3 , a high-strengthelastic gas ball 4 , ahanging rope 5 , and apulling rope 6 .

如图2、图3所示，所述爪型束缚装置1为刚性材料，束缚装置顶部为带吊耳1-1的固定盘1-2，固定盘1-2每隔90°外凸一段，凸出段开有凹槽1-8和轴孔1-3，固定盘1-2通过转轴1-4与四个束缚爪1-6铰接，束缚爪尖设有限位孔1-7，束缚爪1-6内侧有防滑垫1-5，防止气体球4滑落。As shown in Figures 2 and 3, the claw-type restraint device 1 is a rigid material, and the top of the restraint device is a fixed plate 1-2 with a lifting lug 1-1, and the fixed plate 1-2 protrudes a section every 90°, The protruding section is provided with grooves 1-8 and shaft holes 1-3, the fixed plate 1-2 is hinged with the four binding claws 1-6 through the rotating shaft 1-4, the binding claw tip is provided with a limit hole 1-7, and the binding claw 1 -6 There are anti-skid pads 1-5 inside to prevent thegas ball 4 from slipping.

如图4、图5所示，所述提拉卡扣2，包括插头2-1和锁扣插销2-2，插头2-1的一端设有矩形孔槽2-1-1，插头2-1内部通过一个中间开有方孔的隔板，分隔为孔位和零件安装空间，零件安装空间内部设有可转动锁头2-1-5，锁头2-1-5两端分别通过转轴2-1-4和弹簧2-1-2固定在内壁上，在可转动锁头2-1-5的弹簧固定端设有提拉开关2-1-3；锁扣插销2-2的一端设有矩形孔槽2-2-1，另一端设有锁扣2-2-2。使用时，将锁扣插销2-2插入孔位内，将提拉开关2-1-3放下，锁头的弹簧固定端卡住锁扣2-2-2，此时提拉卡扣2锁死；将提拉开关2-1-3提起，锁头的弹簧固定端收回，提拉卡扣2打开。As shown in FIG. 4 and FIG. 5 , thelifting buckle 2 includes a plug 2-1 and a locking pin 2-2. One end of the plug 2-1 is provided with a rectangular hole 2-1-1, and the plug 2- 1. The interior is divided into a hole position and a part installation space through a partition with a square hole in the middle. The part installation space is provided with a rotatable lock head 2-1-5, and the two ends of the lock head 2-1-5 pass through the rotating shaft respectively. 2-1-4 and spring 2-1-2 are fixed on the inner wall, and a pull switch 2-1-3 is arranged on the spring fixed end of the rotatable lock head 2-1-5; one end of the lock pin 2-2 There is a rectangular hole slot 2-2-1, and the other end is provided with a lock 2-2-2. When in use, insert the lock pin 2-2 into the hole, put down the lift switch 2-1-3, the spring fixed end of the lock head is stuck with the lock 2-2-2, at this time, thelift lock 2 is locked. Dead; lift the lift switch 2-1-3, the spring fixed end of the lock is retracted, and thelift buckle 2 is opened.

如图1所示，所述束缚带3为非弹性柔性带，束缚带3穿在束缚爪1-6的限位孔1-7中，束缚带3的两端与提拉卡扣2的插头矩形孔槽2-1-1和锁扣插销矩形孔槽2-2-1相连。As shown in FIG. 1 , therestraint belt 3 is a non-elastic flexible belt. Therestraint belt 3 is passed through the limit holes 1-7 of the restraint claws 1-6. The rectangular hole groove 2-1-1 is connected with the lock latch pin rectangular hole groove 2-2-1.

如图1、图6所示，所述高强度弹性气体球4原状为圆球形，气体球直径大于炮孔直径，在束缚装置1外力作用下变形为椭球体，使整个间隔器径向最大尺寸小于炮孔直径，气体球4外壁为防滑材料避免其从束缚装置1或炮孔7内壁滑落，影响间隔效果。As shown in Figures 1 and 6, the high-strengthelastic gas ball 4 is a spherical shape in its original state, and the gas ball diameter is larger than the diameter of the blast hole, and is deformed into an ellipsoid under the action of the external force of therestraint device 1, so that the radial maximum dimension of the entire spacer is Smaller than the diameter of the blast hole, the outer wall of thegas ball 4 is made of anti-slip material to prevent it from sliding off therestraint device 1 or the inner wall of theblast hole 7, which affects the spacing effect.

如图1、图6所示，所述吊绳5与爪型束缚装置吊耳1-1相连接，吊绳5标有刻度，方便掌握间隔器下放深度，使间隔器可精确到达指定位置。As shown in Figures 1 and 6, the suspendingrope 5 is connected with the lifting lug 1-1 of the claw restraint device, and the suspendingrope 5 is marked with a scale, which is convenient for grasping the depth of the spacer, so that the spacer can accurately reach the designated position.

如图1、图6所示，所述拉绳6与提拉卡扣的开关2-1-3相连接，拉绳6提起，提拉卡扣2打开，爪型束缚装置1外力消失，高强度弹性气体球4由椭球体恢复为圆球体，使其卡在炮孔7内，实现空气间隔。As shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 6 , thepull rope 6 is connected to the switch 2-1-3 of the pull buckle, thepull rope 6 is lifted, thepull buckle 2 is opened, the external force of theclaw restraint device 1 disappears, and the height The strengthelastic gas ball 4 is restored from an ellipsoid to a spherical body, so that it is stuck in theblast hole 7 to realize the air interval.

1)根据炮孔7的孔径大小调整束缚带3的长度，使锁固后的爪型束缚装置1的外径小于炮孔7的内径，打开提拉卡扣2，将爪型束缚装置的四个爪1-6撑开，将高强度弹性气体球4放入爪型束缚装置1内，将锁扣插销2-2插入孔位内，将提拉开关2-1-3放下；1) Adjust the length of therestraint belt 3 according to the aperture size of theblast hole 7, so that the outer diameter of the clawtype restraint device 1 after locking is smaller than the inner diameter of theblast hole 7, open thepull buckle 2, and the four claw type restraint device. Open the claws 1-6, put the high-strengthelastic gas ball 4 into theclaw restraint device 1, insert the lock pin 2-2 into the hole position, and put down the lift switch 2-1-3;

2)装填第一段炸药8和起爆器材9；2) Loading thefirst stage explosive 8 and detonatingequipment 9;

3)通过吊绳5将高强度弹性气体球4送入炮孔7的指定位置；3) send the high-strengthelastic gas ball 4 into the designated position of theblast hole 7 through thesling 5;

4)提拉拉绳6，将提拉卡扣2打开，使高强度弹性气体球4由椭球体恢复为圆球体卡在炮孔7内；4) Pull thepull rope 6, and open thepull buckle 2, so that the high-strengthelastic gas ball 4 is recovered from an ellipsoid to a spherical body and is stuck in theblast hole 7;

5)提拉吊绳5和拉绳6，回收爪型束缚装置1、提拉卡扣2和束缚带3；5) Pull thesling 5 and thepull rope 6, and recover the claw-type restraint device 1, the pull-upbuckle 2 and therestraint belt 3;

以上所述，仅是本发明的基本原理，并非对本发明作任何限制，凡是根据本发明技术实质对以上实施例所作的任何简单修改、变更以及等效结构变化，均仍属于本发明技术方案的保护范围内。The above is only the basic principle of the present invention and does not limit the present invention. Any simple modifications, changes and equivalent structural changes made to the above embodiments according to the technical essence of the present invention still belong to the technical solutions of the present invention. within the scope of protection.

Claims

1. The utility model provides a spherical air charge spacer of blasting engineering which characterized in that: comprises a claw-shaped binding device, a lifting buckle, a binding belt, an elastic gas ball, a lifting rope and a pull rope;

the claw-shaped binding device is made of rigid materials, the top of the binding device is a fixed disk with lifting lugs, the fixed disk protrudes outwards for one section at intervals of 90 degrees, the protruding section is provided with a groove and a shaft hole, the fixed disk is hinged with the four binding claws through rotating shafts, limiting holes are formed in the tips of the binding claws, and anti-slip pads are arranged on the inner sides of the binding claws to prevent gas balls from sliding down;

the lifting buckle comprises a plug and a locking bolt, wherein one end of the plug is provided with a rectangular hole groove, the interior of the plug is divided into a hole site and a part installation space through a partition plate with a square hole in the middle, a rotatable lock head is arranged in the part installation space, two ends of the lock head are respectively fixed on the inner wall through a rotating shaft and a spring, and a lifting switch is arranged at the spring fixing end of the rotatable lock head; one end of the lock catch bolt is provided with a rectangular hole groove, and the other end of the lock catch bolt is provided with a lock catch; when the lifting switch is used, the lock catch bolt is inserted into the hole site, the lifting switch is put down, the spring fixing end of the lock head clamps the lock catch, and the lifting buckle is locked; lifting the lifting switch, retracting the spring fixing end of the lock head, and opening the lifting buckle;

the binding belt is a non-elastic flexible belt, penetrates through the limiting hole of the binding claw, and is connected with the plug rectangular hole groove and the lock catch bolt rectangular hole groove of the lifting buckle at two ends;

the lifting rope is connected with the lifting lugs of the claw-shaped binding device and is provided with scales, so that the lowering depth of the spacer can be conveniently mastered, and the spacer can accurately reach a designated position;

the pull rope is connected with a switch of the lifting buckle, the pull rope is lifted, the lifting buckle is opened, the external force of the claw-shaped binding device disappears, and the sealed elastic gas ball is restored to be a sphere from an ellipsoid and is clamped in the blast hole, so that air space is realized.

2. A spherical air-charging spacer for blasting engineering according to claim 1, characterized in that said elastic gas ball is spherical in shape, the diameter of the gas ball is larger than the diameter of the blast hole, and the elastic gas ball is deformed into an ellipsoid under the action of the external force of the binding device, so that the maximum radial dimension of the entire spacer is smaller than the diameter of the blast hole, and the outer wall of the gas ball is made of anti-slip material to prevent the gas ball from slipping off the binding device or the inner wall of the blast hole, thereby affecting the spacing effect.

3. A method of using an engineered spherical air-charged spacer according to claim 1, comprising the steps of:

1) adjusting the length of a binding belt according to the bore diameter of a blast hole to ensure that the outer diameter of the locked claw-shaped binding device is smaller than the inner diameter of the blast hole, opening a lifting buckle, expanding four claws of the claw-shaped binding device, putting an elastic gas ball into the claw-shaped binding device, inserting a locking bolt into the bore position, and putting down a lifting switch;

2) filling a first section of explosive and a detonating device;

3) sending the spacer into the specified position of the blast hole through a lifting rope;

4) pulling the pull rope, opening the pull buckle, and enabling the elastic gas ball to be restored from the ellipsoid into a sphere which is clamped in the blast hole;

5) lifting a lifting rope and a pull rope, recovering a claw-shaped binding device, a lifting buckle and a binding belt;

6) carrying out subsequent charging and filling work;

7) repeating the steps 1) -6) to complete the explosive-separating and charging operation of the whole explosion area;

8) connecting the blasting network to prepare for blasting.