CN113273961A - Living body detection device and method - Google Patents

Abstract

Translated fromChinese

本发明主要提出一种活体检测装置及方法，其中该活体检测装置可为一独立的电子装置，也可整合在一身份辨识系统或一生理信号量测系统之中。该活体检测装置的最简架构仅包括：一光感测单元以及一信号处理模块。特别地，本发明在该信号处理模块之中设置一生理特征撷取单元和一活体检测单元，其中该生理特征撷取单元用以自一PPG信号中萃取出至少一第一生理特征，或是在对该PPG信号进行至少一信号处理之后，自该PPG信号萃出至少一第二生理信号特征。如此，该活体检测单元便可依据该至少一第一生理信号特征及/或该至少一第二生理信号特征而判断该受测者是否为活体。

The present invention mainly provides a biological detection device and method, wherein the biological detection device can be an independent electronic device, and can also be integrated into an identity recognition system or a physiological signal measurement system. The simplest structure of the living body detection device only includes: a light sensing unit and a signal processing module. In particular, the present invention sets a physiological feature extraction unit and a living body detection unit in the signal processing module, wherein the physiological feature extraction unit is used to extract at least one first physiological feature from a PPG signal, or After performing at least one signal processing on the PPG signal, at least one second physiological signal feature is extracted from the PPG signal. In this way, the living body detection unit can determine whether the subject is a living body according to the at least one first physiological signal characteristic and/or the at least one second physiological signal characteristic.

Description

Living body detection device and method

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of in-vivo detection, in particular to a living body detection device and a living body detection method which can be used without any image acquisition module or unit. Moreover, the apparatus and/or method for detecting living body can be applied to any physiological signal detecting system and/or an identity recognizing system.

Background

The Biometric identification technology (Biometric identification) is to use the physiological and/or behavioral characteristics of a human body to achieve the purpose of identity identification; wherein the physiological characteristics include: fingerprint, palm print, vein distribution, iris, retina, and facial features, while behavioral features include: voiceprints and signatures. Currently, various identification systems using fingerprint recognition technology, iris recognition technology, and face recognition technology are commercially available.

In the process of realizing identity identification by applying a face identification technology, firstly, a camera is utilized to directly obtain an image of a testee and extract face features. Then, the extracted facial features are compared with a plurality of groups of reference facial features in the database, and the identity identification of the testee can be completed. Practical experience indicates that in the process of implementing identity recognition by applying facial recognition technology, person a may successfully deceive the identity recognition system by using the image of person B, and then pass through the identity recognition procedure of facial recognition. For example, the person a may make paper printed with the image of the person B, a picture of the person B, a video clip of the person B, or a copied 3D mask or a head image of the person B face the camera of the identification system, thereby achieving the effect of deceiving the identification system.

In order to prevent the identity recognition system from being deceived by any of the above false images, a variety of different liveness detection techniques have been proposed. For example, chinese patent publication No. CN106845395A discloses a living body detection method based on face recognition, which comprises the following steps:

(1) acquiring a video image of a testee, and dividing the video image into a plurality of frames of images arranged in sequence according to frame frequency;

(2) detecting the face in each frame of image by using a face recognition technology, and making a face frame;

(3) extracting green channel pixel values in the face frame of each frame of image, and arranging the extracted green channel pixel values of each frame of image in sequence to form a pixel value sequence;

(4) sequentially carrying out noise reduction processing and Fourier transform processing on the pixel value sequence to obtain a frequency domain signal of the pixel value sequence;

(5) performing a heart rate value calculation based on the frequency domain signal; and

(6) if the heart rate value falls within a range of 45bpm to 120bpm, the subject may be determined to be living.

It should be added that chinese patent publication No. CN106845395A mainly uses an Imaging photoplethysmography (iPPG) to extract green channel pixel values in a face frame of each frame of image, and then performs noise reduction and fourier transform on a sequence of the green channel pixel values to obtain a frequency domain signal. And finally, analyzing the frequency domain signal to obtain a heart rate value, and judging whether the face in the video comes from the living body or not according to the heart rate value. Wherein, the face frame is a Region of interest (ROI). Unfortunately, the disclosed face recognition based liveness detection method is still susceptible to being fooled by false images. More specifically, a light source may be used to generate periodic light and shadow variations over an artifact or to cause the artifact to have periodic slight fluctuations, so that a heartbeat value can still be obtained after the heart rate value calculation is performed on the frequency domain data of the sequence of pixel values extracted by the system. Further, the calculated heart rate value can be in the range of 45bpm to 120bpm by only changing or adjusting the period or frequency of the light and shadow change or slight shaking. On the other hand, it is worth noting that the frequency domain data of the sequence of pixel values must be sufficient for the system to be able to perform the heart rate value calculation. To explain in more detail, the number of frames of the images arranged in the sequence has been exemplarily suggested to be at least 600 in page 8 of the specification of chinese patent publication No. CN 106845395A. In other words, the disclosed living body detection method based on face recognition must accumulate a certain amount of face data of a person before living body detection can be performed, which cannot perform living body detection in real time based on face recognition.

On the other hand, taiwan patent No. I539383 discloses a living body detection method applied to a face recognition system, which mainly comprises the following steps:

(1a) acquiring a video image of a testee, and executing a face recognition technology on a plurality of frame images contained in the video image to acquire a face frame;

(2a) converting the color main signals (R/G/B) of the face frame into corresponding frequency domain signals respectively;

(3a) calculating a normalized frequency disorder value of each frequency domain signal; and

(4a) comparing the normalized frequency variance value with a threshold value to determine whether the subject is a living body.

The disclosed biopsy method applied to the face recognition system is still easily deceived by false images. Similarly, a light source can be used to generate periodic light variation on an artifact or the artifact has periodic slight fluctuation, so that the system can still calculate the normalized frequency disorder value corresponding to each face frame. Furthermore, the normalized frequency disorder value obtained by calculation can fall within the threshold value only by changing or adjusting the period or frequency of the light and shadow change or the slight amplitude fluctuation. On the other hand, the disclosed living body detection method applied to the face recognition system cannot perform living body detection in real time using an imaging plethysmography (iPPG).

As is clear from the above description, most of the conventional biopsy methods are realized by the iPPG technique, and the system cannot complete the biopsy procedure in real time. Meanwhile, for practical application, the living body detection method realized by the iPGG technology can hardly avoid the deception of false images. In view of the above, the present inventors have made extensive studies and finally developed a living body detecting apparatus and method of the present invention, which do not use any image capturing module and iPPG technique, thereby effectively avoiding the conventional deception means of various false images. Meanwhile, the apparatus and/or method for detecting living body of the present invention can be applied to any physiological signal detecting system and/or an identity recognizing system.

Disclosure of Invention

The present invention is directed to a biopsy device and method, wherein the biopsy device can be a stand-alone electronic device, or can be integrated into an identity recognition system or a physiological signal measurement system. The simplest architecture of the living body detecting device only comprises: a light sensing unit and a signal processing module. In particular, the present invention provides a physiological characteristic capturing unit and a biopsy unit in the signal processing module, wherein the physiological characteristic capturing unit is configured to extract at least one first physiological characteristic from a PPG signal, or extract at least one second physiological characteristic from the PPG signal after performing at least one signal processing on the PPG signal. Therefore, the living body detection unit can judge whether the tested person is a living body according to the at least one first physiological signal characteristic and/or the at least one second physiological signal characteristic. The living body detection device does not comprise any photographing unit and does not use the technology of iPGs, so the living body detection device has the advantages of simple structure, low cost and capability of finishing living body judgment in real time.

To achieve the above object, the present invention provides an embodiment of the biopsy device, which includes:

the light sensing unit is used for facing a sensing part of a testee and further collecting diffused light from the surface of the sensing part in a contact or non-contact mode; and

a signal processing module, comprising:

a signal processing unit;

a control unit coupled to the signal processing unit and the light sensing unit for controlling the light sensing unit to collect the diffused light;

a signal receiving unit, coupled to the light sensing unit and the signal processing unit, for receiving the diffused light through the light sensing unit and transmitting a physiological signal corresponding to the diffused light to the signal processing unit; after receiving the physiological signal, the signal processing unit performs at least one signal processing on the physiological signal to obtain at least one piece of physiological information;

a physiological characteristic extracting unit, coupled to the signal receiving unit, for directly extracting at least one first physiological signal characteristic from the physiological signal transmitted by the signal receiving unit, or extracting at least one second physiological signal characteristic from the physiological signal after performing at least one signal processing on the physiological signal transmitted by the signal receiving unit; and

a living body detecting unit coupled to the signal processing unit and the physiological characteristic capturing unit;

wherein, the living body detecting unit judges whether the testee is a living body according to the at least one piece of physiological information transmitted by the signal processing unit;

the living body detecting unit can also judge whether the testee is a living body according to the at least one first physiological signal characteristic and/or the at least one second physiological signal characteristic.

Furthermore, the present invention also provides an embodiment of the in-vivo detection method, which includes the following steps:

(1) collecting diffused light from a sensing part of a testee by using a light sensing unit in a contact or non-contact mode;

(2) a signal receiving unit receives the diffused light through the light sensing unit and transmits a physiological signal corresponding to the diffused light to a signal processing unit;

(3) providing a physiological characteristic extracting unit coupled to the signal receiving unit to extract at least one first physiological signal characteristic directly from the physiological signal transmitted by the signal receiving unit, or extracting at least one second physiological signal characteristic from the physiological signal after performing at least one signal processing on the physiological signal transmitted by the signal receiving unit; and

(4) providing a living body detecting unit coupled to the signal processing unit and the physiological characteristic capturing unit, and further determining whether the subject is a living body according to the at least one physiological information transmitted by the signal processing unit, or determining whether the subject is a living body according to the at least one first physiological signal characteristic and/or the at least one second physiological signal characteristic.

In practical embodiments, the above-mentioned biopsy apparatus and method of the present invention can be integrated into an identification system or a physiological signal measurement system. Wherein, the identity recognition system can be any one of the following: a notebook computer with identity recognition function, a tablet computer with identity recognition function, a smart phone with identity recognition function, an electronic door lock with identity recognition function, a door phone with identity recognition function, or a cash dispenser with identity recognition function. Moreover, the physiological signal measuring system comprises an electronic host, and the electronic host can be any one of the following: an All-in-one computer, a notebook computer, a tablet computer, a smart phone, a smart watch, a smart bracelet, an infrared thermometer, or a blood oxygen concentration meter.

In the foregoing embodiments of the biopsy device and the method of the present invention, the physiological information may be any one of the following: blood volume, heart rate, respiration rate, blood oxygen, blood pressure, blood vessel viscosity, venous function, venous return, ankle pressure, genital response, or cardiac output.

In the aforementioned embodiments of the apparatus and method for detecting a living body according to the present invention, the physiological signal is a photoplethysmography (PPG) signal, and the first physiological signal characteristic may be any one of the following: a plurality of waveform characteristics included in the photoplethysmography signal, at least one blood oxygen waveform characteristic extracted from the photoplethysmography signal, at least one blood pressure waveform characteristic extracted from the photoplethysmography signal, or at least one respiration waveform characteristic extracted from the photoplethysmography signal.

In the aforementioned embodiments of the biopsy device and the method of the present invention, the physiological signal is a photoplethysmography (PPG) signal, and the signal processing may be any one of the following: first differential processing, second differential processing, third differential processing, or fourth differential processing.

In the aforementioned embodiments of the biopsy device and the method of the present invention, the second physiological signal characteristic is a plurality of waveform characteristics, at least one blood oxygen waveform characteristic, at least one blood pressure waveform characteristic, or at least one respiration waveform characteristic extracted from the photoplethysmography signal after one-time differential processing.

In the aforementioned embodiments of the biopsy device and the method of the present invention, the second physiological signal characteristic is a plurality of waveform characteristics, at least one blood oxygen waveform characteristic, at least one blood pressure waveform characteristic, or at least one respiration waveform characteristic extracted from the photoplethysmography signal after the second differential processing.

In the aforementioned embodiments of the biopsy device and the method of the present invention, the second physiological signal characteristic is a plurality of waveform characteristics, at least one blood oxygen waveform characteristic, at least one blood pressure waveform characteristic, or at least one respiration waveform characteristic extracted from the photoplethysmography signal after three times of differential processing.

In the aforementioned embodiments of the biopsy device and the method of the present invention, the second physiological signal characteristic is a plurality of waveform characteristics, at least one blood oxygen waveform characteristic, at least one blood pressure waveform characteristic, or at least one respiration waveform characteristic extracted from the photoplethysmography signal after four times of differential processing.

In an embodiment of the above-mentioned biopsy device and method of the present invention, the waveform characteristics of the photoplethysmography (PPG) signal include: the method comprises the following steps of determining the existence characteristic of a systolic wave, the existence characteristic of a diastolic wave, the existence characteristic of a dicrotic wave, the time characteristic of a systolic wave, the time characteristic of a dicrotic wave, the waveform area characteristic of a systolic wave, the waveform area characteristic of a diastolic wave, the waveform area characteristic of a dicrotic wave, the peak characteristic of a systolic wave, the peak characteristic of a diastolic wave, the notch characteristic of a dicrotic wave, the time correlation characteristic of two adjacent systolic waves, the time correlation characteristic of two adjacent diastolic waves, the time correlation characteristic of two adjacent dicrotic waves, the waveform area correlation characteristic of a diastolic wave and a dicrotic wave, the peak intensity correlation characteristic of a systolic wave and a dicrotic wave, or the peak intensity correlation characteristic of a diastolic wave and a dicrotic wave.

In an embodiment of the above-mentioned biopsy apparatus and method of the present invention, the plurality of waveform characteristics of the photoplethysmography (PPG) signal after the first differential processing includes: a first peak-point characteristic of a systolic wave, a first zero-crossing point characteristic of a systolic wave, a first valley-point characteristic of a systolic wave, a first zero-crossing point characteristic of a dicrotic wave, a second peak-point characteristic of a dicrotic wave, a second valley-point characteristic of a diastolic wave, a first peak-point time characteristic of a systolic wave, a first zero-crossing point time characteristic of a systolic wave, a first valley-point time characteristic of a systolic wave, a first zero-crossing point time characteristic of a dicrotic wave, a second peak-point time characteristic of a dicrotic wave, a second valley-point time characteristic of a diastolic wave, a time correlation characteristic of any of the foregoing, or an intensity correlation characteristic of any of the foregoing.

In an embodiment of the above-mentioned biopsy apparatus and method of the present invention, the waveform characteristics of the photoplethysmography (PPG) signal after the second differentiation process include: a peak of an early systolic positive wave, a valley of an early systolic negative wave, a peak of a late systolic re-enhancement wave, a valley of a late systolic re-attenuation wave, a peak of an early diastolic positive wave, a time-dependent characteristic of any of the foregoing, or an intensity-dependent characteristic of any of the foregoing.

In one embodiment, the apparatus for detecting living body further includes a data output unit coupled to the signal processing unit, so that the signal processing unit outputs the at least one physiological information through the data output unit. Wherein, the data output unit can be any one of the following: a display device, a speaker, a wired transmission interface, or a wireless transmission interface.

In one embodiment, the biopsy device further comprises a sensing area marking unit coupled to the control unit. In addition, in the embodiment of the living body detecting method of the present invention, before the step (1) is executed, the sensing region marking unit may be used to emit a marking signal to the surface of the sensing portion; wherein, the sensing part can be an integral body part or a non-body part, and the marking signal can be any one of the following parts: light spots, patterns, symbols, or text.

In a practical embodiment, the biopsy device further includes a light emitting unit, and the signal processing module further includes a driving unit coupled to the control unit and the light emitting unit. In addition, in the embodiment of the living body detecting method of the present invention, before the step (1) is performed, the light emitting unit may be used to emit a detecting light to the sensing portion of the subject, so as to enhance the diffused light.

In a possible embodiment of the aforementioned method for detecting a living body according to the present invention, before the step (1), the following steps may be performed: the light-emitting unit is used for emitting a detection light to the sensing part of the testee, and the sensing area marking unit is used for emitting the marking signal to the surface of the sensing part.

In one embodiment, the biopsy device further comprises a physiological characteristic enhancing unit coupled between the signal receiving unit and the physiological characteristic capturing unit. In addition, in the embodiment of the living body detecting method of the present invention, before the step (2) is completed and the step (3) is performed, a physiological feature enhancement process may be performed on the photoplethysmography (PPG) signal transmitted from the signal receiving unit by the physiological feature enhancing unit.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a perspective view of an identification system incorporating a living body detection device of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a functional block diagram of a first embodiment of a biopsy device according to the present invention;

FIG. 3A is a perspective view of a notebook computer with identity recognition function;

fig. 3B is a perspective view of the door phone with identity recognition function;

FIG. 3C is a perspective view of an electronic door lock with identification function;

FIG. 3D is a perspective view of a smart phone with identity recognition;

FIG. 3E is a perspective view of a cash dispenser with identity recognition;

FIG. 4A is a perspective view of an oximeter;

FIG. 4B is a perspective view of an infrared thermometer;

FIG. 5 is a three-set signal waveform diagram of a photoplethysmograph signal;

FIG. 6 is a functional block diagram of a second embodiment of the biopsy device according to the present invention;

FIG. 7 is a functional block diagram of a third embodiment of a biopsy device according to the present invention;

FIG. 8 is a functional block diagram of a fourth embodiment of a biopsy device according to the present invention;

FIG. 9 is a functional block diagram of a fifth embodiment of the biopsy device according to the present invention; and

FIG. 10 is a flow chart of a method of live detection of the present invention.

Wherein, the reference numbers:

1 Living body detection device

10 data output unit

11 light sensing unit

12 signal processing module

120 signal processing unit

121 control unit

122 signal receiving unit

123 physiological characteristic acquisition unit

124 living body detecting unit

125 physiological characteristic enhancement unit

126 drive unit

13 warning unit

Sensing region marking unit

15 light emitting unit

2, the subject

21 sensing site

E, identity identification system

A is a characteristic point

B, characteristic point

C, characteristic point

a1 characteristic points

b1 characteristic points

c1 characteristic points

d1 characteristic points

e1 characteristic points

f1 characteristic points

a2 characteristic points

b2 characteristic points

c2 characteristic points

d2 characteristic points

e2 characteristic points

S1-S4

Detailed Description

In order to more clearly describe the present invention, a preferred embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

First embodiment

FIG. 1 is a perspective view of an identification system incorporating a living body detecting device of the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a functional block diagram of a living body detecting device of a first embodiment of the present invention. In particular, the biopsy device 1 of the present invention may be a stand-alone electronic device, or may be integrated into an identification system E to provide the identification system E with a biopsy function, so that the identification system E can complete the identification of the subject 2 without being deceived by false images. It should be noted that fig. 1 illustrates a host device of the identification system E as a tablet computer including a camera module, but the implementation of the host device of the identification system E is not limited thereto. As is known, many electronic devices have an identification function. For example, fig. 3A is a perspective view of a notebook computer with an identity recognition function, fig. 3B is a perspective view of a door phone with an identity recognition function, fig. 3C is a perspective view of an electronic door lock with an identity recognition function, fig. 3D is a perspective view of a smart phone with an identity recognition function, and fig. 3E is a perspective view of a cash dispenser with an identity recognition function.

On the other hand, the biopsy device 1 of the present invention may also be integrated into a physiological signal measuring system. For example, fig. 4A is a perspective view of the physiological signal measuring system being an oximeter, and fig. 4B is a perspective view of the physiological signal measuring system being an infrared thermometer. Of course, when the living body detecting device 1 of the present invention is combined with technologies such as Imaging photoplethysmography (iPPG) or Remote photoplethysmography (rPPG), the physiological signal measuring system also includes an electronic host, and the electronic host can be any one of the following: an All-in-one computer, a notebook computer, a tablet computer, a smart phone, a smart watch, or a smart bracelet.

With continued reference to fig. 1 and 2. In the first embodiment, the biopsy device 1 mainly includes alight sensing unit 11 and asignal processing module 12. Thelight sensing unit 11 faces asensing portion 21 of a subject 2, and is configured to collect a diffused light from a surface of thesensing portion 21 in a non-contact manner when the subject 2 is exposed to an ambient light. It is noted that the ambient light may be a natural light or an artificial light provided by an external light source, and thus the diffuse light may be a single wavelength light or a multi-wavelength light. For the above reasons, the present invention is not limited to the type of thelight sensing unit 11. Thelight sensing unit 11 may be a Single-point light sensor (Single-point photo sensor), a Matrix light sensor (Matrix photo sensor), a Single-channel image sensor (One-channel image sensor), or a multi-channel image sensor (multi-channel image sensor) according to the type of the ambient light.

To explain in more detail, thesignal processing module 12 includes: asignal processing unit 120, acontrol unit 121, asignal receiving unit 122, a physiologicalcharacteristic acquisition unit 123, and a livingbody detecting unit 124. Thecontrol unit 121 is coupled to thesignal processing unit 120 and thelight sensing unit 11, and is configured to control thelight sensing unit 11 to collect the diffused light. On the other hand, thesignal receiving unit 122 is coupled to thelight sensing unit 11 and thesignal processing unit 120, and is configured to receive the diffused light through thelight sensing unit 11 and transmit a physiological signal corresponding to the diffused light to thesignal processing unit 120. Further, after receiving the physiological signal, thesignal processing unit 120 performs at least one signal process on the physiological signal to obtain at least one physiological information. Depending on the algorithm of the signal processing, the physiological information obtained finally is different. In general, the physiological information may be Blood volume variation (Blood volume variation), Heart Rate (HR), Respiration Rate (RR), Blood oxygen (Blood oxygen level), Blood pressure (Blood pressure), Blood vessel viscosity (Blood pressure), Venous function (Venous function), Venous reflux (Venous reflux), Ankle pressure (Ankle pressure), Genital response (genetic response), and Cardiac output (Cardiac output).

FIG. 1 also shows that the biopsy device 1 of the present invention has adata output unit 10 coupled to thesignal processing unit 120, such that thesignal processing unit 120 outputs the at least one physiological information through thedata output unit 10. Depending on the host device of the identification system E or the electronic host of the physiological signal measuring system, thedata output unit 10 may be a display device, a speaker, a wired transmission interface, or a wireless transmission interface.

In thesignal processing module 12, the physiologicalcharacteristic extracting unit 123 is coupled to thesignal receiving unit 122 for directly extracting at least one first physiological signal characteristic from the physiological signal transmitted by thesignal receiving unit 122. More specifically, since the physiological signal is a photoplethysmography (ppg) signal, the first physiological signal characteristic may be any one of the following: a plurality of waveform characteristics included in the photoplethysmography signal, at least one blood oxygen waveform characteristic extracted from the photoplethysmography signal, at least one blood pressure waveform characteristic extracted from the photoplethysmography signal, or at least one respiration waveform characteristic extracted from the photoplethysmography signal. Fig. 5 is a diagram of three sets of signal waveforms for a photoplethysmograph signal. Wherein the signal waveform diagram (a) represents a photoplethysmography (PPG) signal without any signal processing and it contains several main waveform characteristics: the peak feature of Systolic wave (Systolic peak), the notch feature of Dicrotic notch (Dicrotic notch), and the peak feature of Diastolic wave (diastonic peak), i.e., feature point a, feature point B, and feature point C, are indicated in the signal waveform diagram (a).

In addition to the basic feature points a, B and C, the physiologicalfeature extraction unit 123 can extract the following waveform features from the original PPG signal: the method comprises the following steps of determining the existence characteristic of a systolic wave, the existence characteristic of a diastolic wave, the existence characteristic of a counterpulsation wave, the time characteristic of a systolic wave, the time characteristic of a diastolic wave, the time characteristic of a counterpulsation wave, the waveform area characteristic of a systolic wave, the waveform area characteristic of a diastolic wave, the waveform area characteristic of a counterpulsation wave, the time correlation characteristic of two adjacent systolic waves, the time correlation characteristic of two adjacent diastolic waves, the time correlation characteristic of two adjacent counterpulsation waves, the waveform area correlation characteristic of a diastolic wave and a counterpulsation wave, the peak intensity correlation characteristic of a systolic wave and a counterpulsation wave, and the peak intensity correlation characteristic of a diastolic wave and a counterpulsation wave.

In addition, the physiologicalcharacteristic extracting unit 123 can also extract at least one second physiological signal characteristic from the physiological signal after performing at least one signal processing on the physiological signal transmitted from the signal receiving unit. For example, the signal processing may be a First differential processing, and the PPG signal after the First differential processing is called a First derivative PPG signal (First derivative photoplethysmography) or a Velocity Photoplethysmography (VPG) signal. Therefore, the second physiological signal characteristic is a plurality of waveform characteristics, at least one blood oxygen waveform characteristic, at least one blood pressure waveform characteristic, or at least one respiration waveform characteristic extracted from the PPG signal after one-time differential processing. As shown in fig. 5, the signal waveform diagram (b) represents the PPG signal after the first differentiation process, and it contains several main waveform characteristics: the first peak point, the first zero-crossing point, the first valley point, the second zero-crossing point, the second peak point, and the second valley point, that is, six characteristic points a1, b1, c1, d1, e1, and f1, which are indicated in the signal waveform diagram (b).

Briefly, the physiologicalcharacteristic extracting unit 123 can extract the following waveform characteristics from the PPG signal after the first differentiation process: a first peak intensity characteristic of a systolic wave, a first cross-zero intensity characteristic of a systolic wave, a first valley intensity characteristic of a systolic wave, a first cross-zero intensity characteristic of a dicrotic wave, a second peak intensity characteristic of a dicrotic wave, a second valley intensity characteristic of a diastolic wave, a first peak time characteristic of a systolic wave, a first cross-zero time characteristic of a systolic wave, a first valley time characteristic of a systolic wave, a first cross-zero time characteristic of a dicrotic wave, a second peak time characteristic of a dicrotic wave, a second valley time characteristic of a diastolic wave, a time-dependent characteristic of any of the two, or an intensity-dependent characteristic of any of the two.

On the other hand, the signal processing may also be a Second derivative processing, and the PPG signal after the Second derivative processing is called a first derivative PPG signal (Second derivative photoplethysmography signal) or an accelerated photo-plethysmography signal (APG). Therefore, the second physiological signal characteristic is a plurality of waveform characteristics, at least one blood oxygen waveform characteristic, at least one blood pressure waveform characteristic or at least one respiration waveform characteristic extracted from the PPG signal after the second differentiation processing. As shown in fig. 5, the signal waveform diagram (c) represents the PPG signal after the second differentiation process, and it contains several main waveform characteristics: an early systolic positive wave peak characteristic (a-wave), an early systolic negative wave valley characteristic (b-wave), a late systolic re-amplifying wave peak characteristic (c-wave), a late systolic re-attenuating wave valley characteristic (d-wave), an early diastolic positive wave peak characteristic (e-wave), i.e., five characteristic points designated as a2, b2, c2, d2, and e2 in a signal waveform diagram (c).

In other words, the physiologicalcharacteristic extraction unit 123 can extract the following waveform characteristics from the PPG signal after the second differentiation process: a peak characteristic of the early systolic positive wave (a-wave), a valley characteristic of the early systolic negative wave (b-wave), a peak characteristic of the late systolic re-emphasis wave (c-wave), a valley characteristic of the late systolic re-emphasis wave (d-wave), a peak characteristic of the early diastolic positive wave (e-wave), a time correlation characteristic of any two of the foregoing, or an intensity correlation characteristic of any two of the foregoing.

After the physiologicalcharacteristic acquisition unit 123 provides the at least one first physiological signal characteristic and/or the at least one second physiological signal characteristic, the livingbody detecting unit 124 coupled to the physiologicalcharacteristic acquisition unit 123 can determine whether the subject 2 is a living body according to the at least one first physiological signal characteristic and/or the at least one second physiological signal characteristic. Further, the physiologicalcharacteristic acquisition unit 123 may also continuously perform a third differentiation process on the PPG signal that has been subjected to the second differentiation process. At this time, the second physiological signal characteristic is a plurality of waveform characteristics, at least one blood oxygen waveform characteristic, at least one blood pressure waveform characteristic, or at least one respiration waveform characteristic extracted from the photoplethysmography signal after the third differential processing. Furthermore, the physiologicalcharacteristic acquisition unit 123 may further perform a fourth differentiation process on the PPG signal that has been subjected to the third differentiation process. At this time, the second physiological signal characteristic is a plurality of waveform characteristics, at least one blood oxygen waveform characteristic, at least one blood pressure waveform characteristic, or at least one respiration waveform characteristic extracted from the photoplethysmograph signal after four times of differential processing.

On the other hand, FIG. 2 shows that the livingbody detecting unit 124 is coupled to thesignal processing unit 120. Therefore, the livingbody detecting unit 124 can also determine whether the subject 2 is a living body directly according to the at least one physiological information transmitted by thesignal processing unit 120, such as: heart rate, respiration rate, blood pressure, or cardiac output, etc. readily distinguish between living and non-living physiological information.

Specifically, in the case where thelight sensing unit 11 collects diffused light from a body surface portion of the subject 2 and a physiological signal feature extracted from the PPG signal includes a living body feature, the livingbody detection unit 124 can confirm that the subject 2 is a living body. For example, fig. 1 shows that thesensing portion 21 of thelight sensing unit 11 is located on the cheek or the forehead of the subject 2, i.e. the body surface of the subject 2. On the contrary, in the case where thelight sensing unit 11 collects diffused light from a non-body surface portion of the subject 2, even if the physiological signal feature extracted from the PPG signal includes a living body feature, the livingbody detecting unit 124 does not give a determination that the subject 2 is a living body. For example, fig. 1 shows that thesensing portion 21 of thelight sensing unit 11 is located on the hair or clothing of the subject 2, i.e. a non-body surface portion of the subject 2. In this case, as shown in FIG. 2, analarm unit 13 coupled to theliveness detection unit 124 sends out an alarm message, wherein the alarm message may be any one of the following: light information, sound and light information, character information, symbol information, pattern information, or image information.

Second embodiment

Please refer to fig. 1 in addition to fig. 6, which is a functional block diagram of a second embodiment of a biopsy device according to the present invention. As can be seen from comparing fig. 6 and fig. 2, the second embodiment of the biopsy device 1 further includes a sensingregion marking unit 14 coupled to thecontrol unit 121 for emitting a marking signal to the surface of thesensing portion 21 based on the control of thecontrol unit 121, so as to enable an operator to clearly know that thesensing portion 21 faced by theoptical sensing unit 11 belongs to a body surface portion or a non-body surface portion of the subject 2. In a possible embodiment, the flag signal may be any one of the following: light spots, patterns, symbols, or text. For example, without the aid of the light source, it is difficult for the operator to determine whether thelight sensing unit 11 is facing the body surface or the non-body surface of the subject 2. Particularly, if the operator wants to make thelight sensing unit 11 face the forehead of the person 2, there is a high possibility that thelight sensing unit 11 will face the hair of the person 2 or the forehead covered by the hair due to improper operation of the operator. In this case, the physiological signal carried by the diffused light collected by thelight sensing unit 11 cannot completely reflect the real physiological condition of the subject 2. Conversely, after marking the surface of thesensing site 21 of the subject 2 by the sensingregion marking unit 14, the operator can align thelight sensing unit 11 with thecorrect sensing site 21.

Third embodiment

Please refer to fig. 1 in combination with fig. 7, which is a functional block diagram of a biopsy device according to a third embodiment of the present invention. As can be seen by comparing FIG. 7 with FIG. 6, the third embodiment of the biopsy device 1 further includes a physiologicalcharacteristic enhancing unit 125 disposed in thesignal processing module 12 and coupled between thesignal receiving unit 122 and the physiologicalcharacteristic capturing unit 123. In a third embodiment, the physiologicalcharacteristic enhancing unit 125 is configured to perform a physiological characteristic enhancing process on the photoplethysmography (PPG) signal transmitted from thesignal receiving unit 122 to highlight the peak characteristic (Systolic peak) of the Systolic wave, the notch characteristic (Dicrotic notch) of the Dicrotic wave, and the peak characteristic (diastatic peak) of the Diastolic wave in the original PPG signal, i.e., the characteristic point a, the characteristic point B, and the characteristic point C in the signal waveform diagram (a). Of course, the physiologicalcharacteristic enhancement unit 125 can also perform physiological characteristic enhancement processing on other waveform characteristics contained in the raw PPG signal, for example: the time correlation characteristic of two adjacent systolic waves, the time correlation characteristic of two adjacent diastolic waves, the time correlation characteristic of two adjacent counterpulsation waves, the waveform area correlation characteristic of the diastolic waves and the counterpulsation waves, the peak intensity correlation characteristic of the systolic waves and the counterpulsation waves, and the peak intensity correlation characteristic of the diastolic waves and the counterpulsation waves.

Fourth embodiment

Please refer to fig. 1 and fig. 8, which are functional block diagrams of a biopsy device according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention. As can be seen from comparing fig. 8 and fig. 2, the fourth embodiment of the biopsy device 1 further includes alight emitting unit 15 and adriving unit 126, wherein thedriving unit 126 is disposed in thesignal processing module 12 and coupled to thecontrol unit 121 and thelight emitting unit 15. In the fourth embodiment, the drivingunit 126 is used for driving thelight emitting unit 15 to emit an artificial light to the surface of thesensing portion 21 of the subject 2, so that the diffused light is generated on the surface of thesensing portion 21. It should be understood that the artificial light may be a single wavelength light or a multi-wavelength light. In more detail, thelight emitting unit 15 includes at least one light emitting device, and the light emitting device may be a light emitting diode, a vertical cavity light emitting diode, or an organic light emitting diode. The Light-emitting diode (LED) may be a monochromatic LED or a polychromatic LED at least including green Light (400-.

In brief, the first embodiment of the biopsy device 1 shown in fig. 2 is to perform the measurement of the physiological signal of the subject under the condition of no light source or natural light source. In contrast, the fourth embodiment of the biopsy device 1 shown in fig. 8 can automatically emit detection light to thesensing portion 21 of the subject by thelight emitting unit 15, so that thelight sensing unit 11 can easily collect diffused light from the surface of thesensing portion 21.

Fifth embodiment

FIG. 9 is a functional block diagram of a living body detecting device according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention. As can be understood from comparing FIG. 9 and FIG. 8, the fifth embodiment of the biopsy device 1 can be obtained by adding the physiologicalcharacteristic enhancing unit 125 and the sensingregion labeling unit 14 to the structure of the fourth embodiment.

Living body detection method

Please refer to fig. 1 and fig. 2 repeatedly, and please refer to fig. 10 at the same time, which is a flowchart of the in-vivo detection method of the present invention. With reference to fig. 1, 2 and 10, it should be understood that the living body detecting method of the present invention first performs step S1: alight sensing unit 11 is used to collect a diffused light from asensing portion 21 of a subject 2 in a non-contact manner. However, the architecture of the second embodiment of the living body detecting device 1 shown in FIG. 6 further includes a sensingregion marking unit 14. Therefore, it can be understood that, before performing step S1 of the living body detecting method of the present invention, a sensingregion marking unit 14 may be used to emit a marking signal such as a light spot, a pattern, a symbol, or a character to the surface of thesensing portion 21, so that an operator can determine whether thelight sensing unit 11 is facing a body surface portion or a non-body surface portion of the subject.

On the other hand, the structure of the living body detecting device 1 shown in fig. 8 further includes alight emitting unit 15 and adriving unit 126. Therefore, it can be understood that, before performing step S1 of the living body detecting method of the present invention, an artificial light may be emitted by using alight emitting unit 15 as a detecting light, and asensing portion 21 of the subject 2 is irradiated with the detecting light, and a sensingregion marking unit 14 is used to emit a marking signal to the surface of thesensing portion 21, thereby enhancing the diffused light. In addition, the framework of the fifth embodiment of the living body detecting device 1 shown in fig. 9 includes thelight emitting unit 15, the drivingunit 126, and the sensingregion labeling unit 14 at the same time. Therefore, it can be understood that before the step S1 of the living body detecting method of the present invention is executed, thelight emitting unit 15 may be used to emit the detecting light to thesensing site 21 of the subject 2, and the sensingregion labeling unit 14 may be used to emit a labeling signal to the surface of thesensing site 21.

As shown in fig. 1, 2 and 10, after completing step S1, the living body detecting method then performs step S2: asignal receiving unit 122 receives the diffused light through thelight sensing unit 11, and transmits a physiological signal corresponding to the diffused light to asignal processing unit 120. It should be understood that the physiological signal is a photoplethysmography (PPG) signal. Continuously, the method flow performs step S3: a physiologicalcharacteristic extracting unit 123 is provided to directly extract at least one first physiological signal characteristic from the physiological signal transmitted by thesignal receiving unit 122, or extract at least one second physiological signal characteristic from the physiological signal after performing at least one signal processing on the physiological signal transmitted by the signal receiving unit.

The foregoing description has specifically explained that the first physiological signal characteristic is any waveform characteristic extracted from the original PPG signal (as shown in signal waveform diagram (a) of fig. 5), such as: the method comprises the following steps of determining the existence characteristic of a systolic wave, the existence characteristic of a diastolic wave, the existence characteristic of a dicrotic wave, the time characteristic of a systolic wave, the time characteristic of a dicrotic wave, the waveform area characteristic of a systolic wave, the waveform area characteristic of a diastolic wave, the waveform area characteristic of a dicrotic wave, the peak characteristic of a systolic wave, the peak characteristic of a diastolic wave, the notch characteristic of a dicrotic wave, the time correlation characteristic of two adjacent systolic waves, the time correlation characteristic of two adjacent diastolic waves, the time correlation characteristic of two adjacent dicrotic waves, the waveform area correlation characteristic of a diastolic wave and a dicrotic wave, the peak intensity correlation characteristic of a systolic wave and a dicrotic wave, or the peak intensity correlation characteristic of a diastolic wave and a dicrotic wave.

Meanwhile, the foregoing description has also specifically explained that, in the case that the PPG signal is subjected to the first differentiation process, the second physiological signal characteristic is any waveform characteristic extracted from the PPG signal subjected to the first differentiation process (as shown in the signal waveform diagram (b) of fig. 5), for example: a first peak-point characteristic of a systolic wave, a first zero-crossing point characteristic of a systolic wave, a first valley-point characteristic of a systolic wave, a first zero-crossing point characteristic of a dicrotic wave, a second peak-point characteristic of a dicrotic wave, a second valley-point characteristic of a diastolic wave, a first peak-point time characteristic of a systolic wave, a first zero-crossing point time characteristic of a systolic wave, a first valley-point time characteristic of a systolic wave, a first zero-crossing point time characteristic of a dicrotic wave, a second peak-point time characteristic of a dicrotic wave, a second valley-point time characteristic of a diastolic wave, a time correlation characteristic of any of the foregoing, or an intensity correlation characteristic of any of the foregoing.

Furthermore, the foregoing description has also specifically explained that, in the case that the PPG signal is subjected to the second differentiation process, the second physiological signal characteristic is any waveform characteristic extracted from the PPG signal subjected to the second differentiation process (as shown in the signal waveform diagram (c) of fig. 5), for example: a peak feature of an early systolic positive wave (a-wave), a valley feature of an early systolic negative wave (b-wave), a peak feature of a late systolic re-emphasis wave (c-wave), a valley feature of a late systolic re-emphasis wave (d-wave), a peak feature of an early diastolic positive wave (e-wave), a time correlation feature of any two of the foregoing, or an intensity correlation feature of any two of the foregoing.

It should be noted that, in the configuration of the second embodiment of the biopsy device 1 shown in fig. 7, a physiologicalcharacteristic enhancing unit 125 is further included, which is disposed in thesignal processing module 12 and coupled between thesignal receiving unit 122 and the physiologicalcharacteristic acquiring unit 123. Therefore, before completing the step S2 and executing the step S3, the physiologicalcharacteristic enhancing unit 125 may perform a physiological characteristic enhancing process on the photoplethysmograph signal transmitted from thesignal receiving unit 122 to highlight the peak characteristics (Systolic peak), Dicrotic notch, and Diastolic peak of the Systolic wave in the original PPG signal, i.e., the characteristic points a, B, and C in the signal waveform diagram (a).

Finally, step S4 provides a livingbody detecting unit 124 coupled to thesignal processing unit 120 and the physiologicalcharacteristic retrieving unit 123, so as to determine whether the subject 2 is a living body by using the livingbody detecting unit 124 according to the at least one physiological information transmitted by thesignal processing unit 120, or determine whether the subject 2 is a living body according to the at least one first physiological signal characteristic and/or the at least one second physiological signal characteristic.

The present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential attributes thereof, and it should be understood that various changes and modifications can be effected therein by one skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.

Claims (39)

1. A living body detection device, comprising:

the light sensing unit is used for facing a sensing part of a testee and further collecting diffused light from the surface of the sensing part in a contact or non-contact mode; and

a signal processing module, comprising:

a signal processing unit;

a control unit coupled to the signal processing unit and the light sensing unit for controlling the light sensing unit to collect the diffused light;

a signal receiving unit, coupled to the light sensing unit and the signal processing unit, for receiving the diffused light through the light sensing unit and transmitting a physiological signal corresponding to the diffused light to the signal processing unit; after receiving the physiological signal, the signal processing unit performs at least one signal processing on the physiological signal to obtain at least one piece of physiological information;

a physiological characteristic extracting unit, coupled to the signal receiving unit, for directly extracting at least one first physiological signal characteristic from the physiological signal transmitted by the signal receiving unit, or extracting at least one second physiological signal characteristic from the physiological signal after performing at least one signal processing on the physiological signal transmitted by the signal receiving unit; and

a living body detecting unit coupled to the signal processing unit and the physiological characteristic capturing unit;

wherein, the living body detecting unit judges whether the testee is a living body according to the at least one piece of physiological information transmitted by the signal processing unit;

the living body detecting unit can also judge whether the testee is a living body according to the at least one first physiological signal characteristic and/or the at least one second physiological signal characteristic.

2. The biopsy device of claim 1, wherein the physiological information is any one of: blood volume, heart rate, respiration rate, blood oxygen, blood pressure, blood vessel viscosity, venous function, venous return, ankle pressure, genital response, or cardiac output.

3. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a data output unit coupled to the signal processing unit, such that the signal processing unit outputs the at least one physiological information via the data output unit.

4. The biopsy apparatus of claim 3, wherein the data output unit is any one of: a display device, a speaker, a wired transmission interface, or a wireless transmission interface.

5. The biopsy device of claim 1, further comprising:

a warning unit coupled to the living body detecting unit for sending a warning message when the living body detecting unit determines that the person under test is a non-living body;

wherein, the warning information can be any one of the following: light information, sound and light information, character information, symbol information, pattern information, or image information.

6. The in-vivo detection device as recited in claim 1, wherein the physiological signal is a photoplethysmography (PPG) signal, and the first physiological signal characteristic is any one of: a plurality of waveform characteristics included in the photoplethysmography signal, at least one blood oxygen waveform characteristic extracted from the photoplethysmography signal, at least one blood pressure waveform characteristic extracted from the photoplethysmography signal, or at least one respiration waveform characteristic extracted from the photoplethysmography signal.

7. The in-vivo detection device according to claim 1, wherein the physiological signal is a photoplethysmography (PPG) signal, and the signal processing may be any one of the following: first differential processing, second differential processing, third differential processing, or fourth differential processing.

8. The biopsy apparatus of claim 7, wherein the second physiological signal characteristic is a plurality of waveform characteristics extracted from the photoplethysmography signal after a single differential process, at least one blood oxygen waveform characteristic, at least one blood pressure waveform characteristic, or at least one respiration waveform characteristic.

9. The biopsy apparatus of claim 7, wherein the second physiological signal characteristic is a plurality of waveform characteristics, at least one blood oxygen waveform characteristic, at least one blood pressure waveform characteristic, or at least one respiration waveform characteristic extracted from the photoplethysmograph signal after the second derivative processing.

10. The biopsy apparatus of claim 7, wherein the second physiological signal characteristic is a plurality of waveform characteristics, at least one blood oxygen waveform characteristic, at least one blood pressure waveform characteristic, or at least one respiration waveform characteristic extracted from the photoplethysmograph signal after three differential processes.

11. The biopsy apparatus of claim 7, wherein the second physiological signal characteristic is a plurality of waveform characteristics, at least one blood oxygen waveform characteristic, at least one blood pressure waveform characteristic, or at least one respiration waveform characteristic extracted from the photoplethysmograph signal after four differential processes.

12. The biopsy device of claim 1, further comprising:

a sensing region marking unit coupled to the control unit for emitting a marking signal to the surface of the sensing portion based on the control of the control unit;

wherein, the sensing part can be an integral body part or a non-body part, and the marking signal can be any one of the following parts: light spots, patterns, symbols, or text.

13. The biopsy apparatus of claim 6, wherein the signal processing module further comprises:

a physiological characteristic enhancing unit coupled between the signal receiving unit and the physiological characteristic capturing unit for performing a physiological characteristic enhancing process on the photoplethysmography signal transmitted from the signal receiving unit to highlight the plurality of waveform characteristics, the at least one blood oxygen waveform characteristic, the at least one blood pressure waveform characteristic, and/or the at least one respiration waveform characteristic.

14. The biopsy device of claim 6, wherein the plurality of waveform characteristics comprise: the method comprises the following steps of determining the existence characteristic of a systolic wave, the existence characteristic of a diastolic wave, the existence characteristic of a dicrotic wave, the time characteristic of a systolic wave, the time characteristic of a dicrotic wave, the waveform area characteristic of a systolic wave, the waveform area characteristic of a diastolic wave, the waveform area characteristic of a dicrotic wave, the peak characteristic of a systolic wave, the peak characteristic of a diastolic wave, the notch characteristic of a dicrotic wave, the time correlation characteristic of two adjacent systolic waves, the time correlation characteristic of two adjacent diastolic waves, the time correlation characteristic of two adjacent dicrotic waves, the waveform area correlation characteristic of a diastolic wave and a dicrotic wave, the peak intensity correlation characteristic of a systolic wave and a dicrotic wave, or the peak intensity correlation characteristic of a diastolic wave and a dicrotic wave.

15. The biopsy device of claim 8, wherein the plurality of waveform characteristics comprise: a first peak-point characteristic of a systolic wave, a first zero-crossing point characteristic of a systolic wave, a first valley-point characteristic of a systolic wave, a first zero-crossing point characteristic of a dicrotic wave, a second peak-point characteristic of a dicrotic wave, a second valley-point characteristic of a diastolic wave, a first peak-point time characteristic of a systolic wave, a first zero-crossing point time characteristic of a systolic wave, a first valley-point time characteristic of a systolic wave, a first zero-crossing point time characteristic of a dicrotic wave, a second peak-point time characteristic of a dicrotic wave, a second valley-point time characteristic of a diastolic wave, a time correlation characteristic of any of the foregoing, or an intensity correlation characteristic of any of the foregoing.

16. The biopsy apparatus of claim 9, wherein the plurality of waveform characteristics comprise: a peak of an early systolic positive wave, a valley of an early systolic negative wave, a peak of a late systolic re-enhancement wave, a valley of a late systolic re-attenuation wave, a peak of an early diastolic positive wave, a time-dependent characteristic of any of the foregoing, or an intensity-dependent characteristic of any of the foregoing.

17. The in-vivo detection device according to claim 1, wherein the diffused light is generated at the surface of the sensing site under the condition that the subject is exposed to an ambient light; wherein the ambient light is a natural light or an artificial light provided by an external light source.

18. The in-vivo detection device according to claim 1, further comprising a light emitting unit, and the signal processing module further comprises a driving unit coupled to the control unit and the light emitting unit for driving the light emitting unit to emit a detection light to the surface of the sensing portion of the subject, so that the diffused light is generated on the surface of the sensing portion.

19. The in-vivo detection device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the in-vivo detection device is integrated into an identification system or a physiological signal measurement system.

20. The in-vivo detection device according to claim 19, wherein the identification system is any one of: a notebook computer with identity recognition function, a tablet computer with identity recognition function, a smart phone with identity recognition function, an electronic door lock with identity recognition function, a door phone with identity recognition function, or a cash dispenser with identity recognition function.

21. The in-vivo detection device according to claim 19, wherein the physiological signal measurement system comprises an electronic host, and the electronic host can be any one of: an All-in-one computer, a notebook computer, a tablet computer, a smart phone, a smart watch, a smart bracelet, an infrared thermometer, or a blood oxygen concentration meter.

22. A method of in vivo detection comprising the steps of:

(1) collecting diffused light from a sensing part of a testee by using a light sensing unit in a contact or non-contact mode;

(2) enabling a signal receiving unit to receive the diffused light through the light sensing unit and transmitting a physiological signal corresponding to the diffused light to a signal processing unit;

(3) providing a physiological characteristic extracting unit to directly extract at least one first physiological signal characteristic from the physiological signal transmitted by the signal receiving unit, or extracting at least one second physiological signal characteristic from the physiological signal characteristic after performing at least one signal processing on the physiological signal transmitted by the signal receiving unit; and

(4) providing a living body detecting unit coupled to the signal processing unit and the physiological characteristic capturing unit, and further determining whether the subject is a living body according to the at least one physiological information transmitted by the signal processing unit, or determining whether the subject is a living body according to the at least one first physiological signal characteristic and/or the at least one second physiological signal characteristic.

23. The method of claim 22, wherein the method is applied to an identification system or a physiological signal measurement system.

24. The method of claim 23, wherein the physiological characteristic acquisition unit and the biopsy unit are compiled into at least one application program in the form of a library, variables or operands, and then built into a signal processing module.

25. The in-vivo detection method as claimed in claim 24, wherein the signal processing module is a host device of the identification system or an electronic host of the physiological signal measurement system.

26. The biopsy method according to claim 22, wherein the step (1) is preceded by the steps of: and using a light emitting unit to emit a detection light to the sensing part of the testee, thereby enhancing the diffused light.

27. The biopsy method according to claim 22, wherein the step (1) is preceded by the steps of: a sensing region marking unit is used for transmitting a marking signal to the surface of the sensing part.

28. The biopsy method according to claim 22, wherein the step (1) is preceded by the steps of: a light emitting unit is used for emitting a detection light to the sensing part of the testee, and a sensing area marking unit is used for emitting a marking signal to the surface of the sensing part.

29. The in-vivo detection method according to claim 24, wherein the following steps are performed before the step (2) is completed and the step (3) is performed: providing a physiological characteristic enhancement unit, which is arranged in the signal processing module and is coupled between the signal receiving unit and the physiological characteristic acquisition unit, and further executing a physiological characteristic enhancement process on the physiological signal transmitted from the signal receiving unit.

30. The in-vivo detection method according to claim 22, wherein the physiological information can be any one of: blood volume, heart rate, respiration rate, blood oxygen, blood pressure, blood vessel viscosity, venous function, venous return, ankle pressure, genital response, or cardiac output.

31. The in-vivo detection method according to claim 22, wherein the physiological signal is a photoplethysmography (PPG) signal, and the first physiological signal characteristic is any one of: a plurality of waveform characteristics included in the photoplethysmography signal, at least one blood oxygen waveform characteristic extracted from the photoplethysmography signal, at least one blood pressure waveform characteristic extracted from the photoplethysmography signal, or at least one respiration waveform characteristic extracted from the photoplethysmography signal.

32. The in-vivo detection method according to claim 22, wherein the physiological signal is a photoplethysmography (PPG) signal, and the signal processing is any one of the following: first differential processing, second differential processing, third differential processing, or fourth differential processing.

33. The biopsy method of claim 32, wherein the second physiological signal characteristic is a plurality of waveform characteristics extracted from the photoplethysmography signal after one-time differential processing, at least one blood oxygen waveform characteristic, at least one blood pressure waveform characteristic, or at least one respiration waveform characteristic.

34. The biopsy method of claim 32, wherein the second physiological signal characteristic is a plurality of waveform characteristics extracted from the photoplethysmography signal after the second derivative processing, at least one blood oxygen waveform characteristic, at least one blood pressure waveform characteristic, or at least one respiration waveform characteristic.

35. The biopsy method of claim 32, wherein the second physiological signal characteristic is a plurality of waveform characteristics, at least one blood oxygen waveform characteristic, at least one blood pressure waveform characteristic, or at least one respiration waveform characteristic extracted from the photoplethysmograph signal after three differential processes.

36. The biopsy method of claim 32, wherein the second physiological signal characteristic is a plurality of waveform characteristics, at least one blood oxygen waveform characteristic, at least one blood pressure waveform characteristic, or at least one respiration waveform characteristic extracted from the photoplethysmograph signal after four differential processes.

37. The in-vivo detection method according to claim 31, wherein the plurality of waveform characteristics comprises: the method comprises the following steps of determining the existence characteristic of a systolic wave, the existence characteristic of a diastolic wave, the existence characteristic of a dicrotic wave, the time characteristic of a systolic wave, the time characteristic of a dicrotic wave, the waveform area characteristic of a systolic wave, the waveform area characteristic of a diastolic wave, the waveform area characteristic of a dicrotic wave, the peak characteristic of a systolic wave, the peak characteristic of a diastolic wave, the notch characteristic of a dicrotic wave, the time correlation characteristic of two adjacent systolic waves, the time correlation characteristic of two adjacent diastolic waves, the time correlation characteristic of two adjacent dicrotic waves, the waveform area correlation characteristic of a diastolic wave and a dicrotic wave, the peak intensity correlation characteristic of a systolic wave and a dicrotic wave, or the peak intensity correlation characteristic of a diastolic wave and a dicrotic wave.

38. The in-vivo detection method according to claim 33, wherein the plurality of waveform characteristics comprise: a first peak-point characteristic of a systolic wave, a first zero-crossing point characteristic of a systolic wave, a first valley-point characteristic of a systolic wave, a first zero-crossing point characteristic of a dicrotic wave, a second peak-point characteristic of a dicrotic wave, a second valley-point characteristic of a diastolic wave, a first peak-point time characteristic of a systolic wave, a first zero-crossing point time characteristic of a systolic wave, a first valley-point time characteristic of a systolic wave, a first zero-crossing point time characteristic of a dicrotic wave, a second peak-point time characteristic of a dicrotic wave, a second valley-point time characteristic of a diastolic wave, a time correlation characteristic of any of the foregoing, or an intensity correlation characteristic of any of the foregoing.

39. The in-vivo detection method according to claim 34, wherein the plurality of waveform characteristics comprise: a peak of an early systolic positive wave, a valley of an early systolic negative wave, a peak of a late systolic re-enhancement wave, a valley of a late systolic re-attenuation wave, a peak of an early diastolic positive wave, a time-dependent characteristic of any of the foregoing, or an intensity-dependent characteristic of any of the foregoing.

Images