Miniaturized ultrasonic transducer wind measurement array structure deviceTechnical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of sensors, and particularly relates to a miniaturized wind measuring array structure device of an ultrasonic transducer.
Background
The wind speed measurement based on the miniaturized ultrasonic transducer array is an application of an ultrasonic detection technology in a gas medium, and the miniaturized ultrasonic transducer wind measuring array structure device uses ultrasonic transducers with different numbers to form a miniaturized two-dimensional or three-dimensional array structure by mutual arrangement and combination, and indirectly measures the wind speed by utilizing the change of the propagation speed of ultrasonic waves in air under the influence of air flow (wind).
In terms of a measuring array, the current ultrasonic transducer array structure device for wind speed measurement mainly comprises a pulse correlation type two-dimensional or three-dimensional ultrasonic transducer wind measuring array structure device and a pulse reflection type two-dimensional ultrasonic transducer wind measuring array structure device. The space complexity of the pulse correlation type three-dimensional ultrasonic transducer array structure device is high, and the overall size is still larger; although the overall size of the pulse correlation type or traditional pulse reflection type two-dimensional ultrasonic transducer array structure device is reduced compared with that of a three-dimensional ultrasonic transducer array structure device, the horizontal distribution distance of the ultrasonic transducers is still larger.
In terms of measurement circuits, most of the current measurement circuits are composed of core measurement circuits such as a microcontroller, a single-input-multiple-output ultrasonic transducer excitation signal multiplexer, an ultrasonic excitation signal front-stage driving amplifying circuit, an ultrasonic transducer module group, a multiple-input-single-output ultrasonic transducer echo signal multiplexer, an ultrasonic echo signal processing circuit and the like, and although the measurement function can be realized, the whole circuit design is still complex, so that the further miniaturization difficulty of an ultrasonic wind speed sensor is increased, and a traditional conventional measurement circuit is shown in fig. 13.
Therefore, the applicant designs and develops a novel pulse reflection type two-dimensional ultrasonic transducer array structure device which solves the problems and has the characteristics of miniaturization, portability and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims at the technical problem that the traditional ultrasonic transducer wind measuring array structure device cannot be further miniaturized, combines with the exquisite measuring structure design, the simplified measuring circuit design and the high-efficiency wind speed algorithm design, innovatively designs a multi-pulse reflection type two-dimensional cross-shaped distributed ultrasonic transducer side wind array structure device based on an ultrasonic multi-channel echo signal reflection method, saves cost, reduces power consumption, and provides a new method and opens up a new path for realizing the miniaturization of an ultrasonic wind speed measuring system, so that the ultrasonic wind speed measuring system can be more suitable for various fields such as climate monitoring, environment detection, emergency guarantee and the like.
The invention aims to provide a miniaturized wind measuring array structure device of an ultrasonic transducer, which sequentially comprises the following components from top to bottom:
the device comprises a round acquisition control circuit board, a round probe seat, an ABS insulating material hollow support column, a round signal reflecting plate and a round power supply communication circuit board;
the acquisition control circuit board comprises a microprocessor, a cross-shaped distributed ultrasonic transducer module group, a multi-input-single-output multiplexer and an ultrasonic echo signal processing circuit;
four mounting grooves for placing ultrasonic transducers are formed in the probe seat; the ultrasonic transducer can adopt two types of plane cylinder waterproof ultrasonic transducers and spherical cylinder waterproof ultrasonic transducers; the wiring terminal of the ultrasonic transducer is directly connected with the acquisition control circuit board through a welding process;
the upper end and the lower end of the ABS insulating material hollow support column are respectively provided with sealing rings;
the acquisition control circuit board performs data interaction with the power supply communication circuit board through wiring in the ABS insulating material hollow support column.
Preferably, the wind measuring array structure device of the ultrasonic transducer is different from two ultrasonic transducer arrays of opposite-emission type two-dimensional cross distribution and one-time pulse reflection type two-dimensional cross distribution, and adopts the ultrasonic transducer array of multiple pulse reflection type two-dimensional cross distribution.
Preferably, the acquisition control circuit board drives the ultrasonic transducer without a front-stage driving amplifying circuit and a single-input-multiple-output multiplexer, the microprocessor is utilized to directly excite the ultrasonic transducer to emit signals, the multi-input-single-output mode of the multiplexer is utilized to realize the channel switching of the ultrasonic transducer to emit signals and receive echo signals, and the ultrasonic echo signal processing circuit builds four first-order band-pass filters in an analog active filtering mode to realize the filtering, amplifying and shaping functions of ultrasonic echo signals.
Preferably, the wind speed measurement algorithm procedure is as follows:
s1, acquiring basic data; the basic data includes a propagation path (horizontal distribution distance) D between two ultrasonic transducers; signal propagation time t on each axis in windless conditionsNS 、tSN 、tWE 、tEW The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Signal transmission time t 'on each axis under upwind and downwind conditions'NS 、t′SN 、t′WE 、t′EW 。
S2, calculating wind speed according to the following formula;
v is wind speed, phi is wind direction angle, vNS And vWE Wind speed component, c, on NS and WE axes, respectivelyNS And cWE The propagation velocity components of ultrasonic waves in air on the NS and WE axes, tNS 、tSN 、tWE 、tEW The signal transmission time under windless conditions on the NS and WE axes are respectively, t'NS 、t′SN 、t′WE 、t′EW Respectively, on NS and WE axes, respectivelySignal transmission time under the part.
The beneficial effects of this application are:
1. the invention adopts the ultrasonic transducer array with multiple pulse reflection type two-dimensional cross distribution, ultrasonic echo signals are received and processed after multiple reflections, propagation sound path is increased, wind speed measurement function can be completed while the distance between a transmitting surface and a reflecting surface and the horizontal distance between two ultrasonic transducers are reduced, and the miniaturization of the wind measuring array structure of the ultrasonic transducer is realized;
2. the invention adopts a mode of multiplexing a microcontroller and a multiple input-single output multiplexer pin to complete the time sequence control of the excitation signal and the receiving signal of the ultrasonic transducer, then utilizes four first-order band-pass analog active filters to process the ultrasonic echo signals, and finally sends back to the controller for data processing. The front stage driving amplifying circuit and the single-input-multi-output multiplexer are omitted, and the miniaturization of the wind measuring array circuit of the ultrasonic transducer is realized.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present application or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are required in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly described below, it being obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present application, and that other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive faculty for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a signal acquisition control hardware circuit in a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a circuit diagram of a microprocessor according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a circuit diagram of a multiple-input-single-output multiplexer in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a circuit diagram of ultrasonic echo signal processing in a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a probe base according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a waterproof ultrasonic transducer probe and its connection mode in a plane cylinder according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a spherical cylindrical waterproof ultrasonic transducer probe and its connection mode in a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a schematic view of a hollow support column of ABS insulating material in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of the control flow and operation principle of the circuit according to the preferred embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of reflection paths of multiple pulse signals according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 12 is a graph of a stroke measurement algorithm in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 13 is a schematic diagram of a measurement circuit of a conventional ultrasonic wind speed sensor.
Detailed Description
In order to make the present application solution better understood by those skilled in the art, the following description will be made in detail and with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present application, it is apparent that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present application, not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by one of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments herein without making any inventive effort, shall fall within the scope of the present application.
It should be noted that the terms "comprises" and "comprising," along with any variations thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, system, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of steps or elements is not necessarily limited to those steps or elements expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.
It should be noted that, in the case of no conflict, the embodiments and features in the embodiments may be combined with each other. The present application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings in conjunction with embodiments.
Referring to fig. 1, a miniaturized wind measuring array structure device of an ultrasonic transducer includes:
the device comprises a round acquisition control circuit board 1, a round probe holder 2, an ABS insulating material hollow support column 3, a round signal reflecting plate 4 and a round power supply communication circuit board 5; wherein:
referring to fig. 2, the acquisition control circuit board 1 includes a microprocessor 6, a cross-shaped distributed ultrasonic transducer module group 7, a multiple input-single output multiplexer 8, and an ultrasonic echo signal processing circuit 9; wherein:
referring to fig. 3, the microprocessor 6 is a Microchip PIC series microprocessor, 3.3V power, 8M external crystal oscillator. Pins 46 (RD 0), 49 (RD 1), 50 (RD 2), 51 (RD 3), 52 (RD 4), 53 (RD 5), 54 (RD 6), and 55 (RD 7) are used as the ultrasonic excitation signal control pins of the ultrasonic transducer module group 7; pins 46 (RD 0), 50 (RD 2), 52 (RD 4), and 54 (RD 6) are simultaneously input as the ultrasonic echo signal of the multiplexer 8, and pins 43 (RD 9), 44 (RD 10), and 45 (RD 11) are simultaneously input as the channel selection control pins of the multiplexer 8.
Referring to fig. 4, the multiplexer 8 is an eight-channel analog multiplexer, wherein the pin 9 (C) is connected to ground, and the pins 6 (EN), 10 (B), 11 (a) are respectively connected to the pins 44 (RD 10), 45 (RD 11), 43 (RD 9) of the microprocessor 6; pin 13 (X0), pin 14 (X1), pin 15 (X2) and pin 16 (X3) are connected to pins 46 (RD 0), 50 (RD 2), 52 (RD 4), 54 (RD 6) of the microprocessor 6 and to one end of each of the ultrasonic transducers RT1, RT2, RT3 and RT4 in the ultrasonic transducer module 7, respectively, in a pin multiplexing manner; pin 3 (X) is connected to the input of the ultrasonic echo signal processing circuit 9. The channel switching of the ultrasonic transducer module 7, the input and output of ultrasonic echo signals are controlled by a multiple input-single output mode.
Referring to fig. 5, the ultrasonic echo signal processing circuit 9 adopts an analog active filtering mode to build a four-stage first-order band-pass filter to realize filtering, amplifying and shaping functions of an ultrasonic echo signal. Wherein U2A is a first stage filter; U2B is a second stage filter; U2C is a third stage filter; U2D is a fourth stage filter.
Referring to fig. 6, the probe base 2 is provided with four mounting grooves for placing the ultrasonic transducer, wherein the four mounting grooves are respectively an upper mounting groove 10, a lower mounting groove 11, a left mounting groove 12 and a right mounting groove 13; the wiring terminal of the ultrasonic transducer is directly connected with the acquisition control circuit board 1 through a welding process.
Referring to fig. 7 to 8, each mounting groove on the probe base is provided with a planar or spherical cylindrical waterproof ultrasonic transducer, and the first terminal 15, the second terminal 16, the third terminal 18 and the fourth terminal 19 of the planar cylindrical waterproof ultrasonic transducer 14, and the spherical cylindrical waterproof ultrasonic transducer 17 are directly connected with the acquisition control circuit board 1 through a welding process.
Referring to fig. 9, the ABS insulating material hollow support column 3 is provided with a first sealing ring 20 and a second sealing ring 21 at the upper and lower ends thereof.
The acquisition control circuit board 1 performs data interaction with the power supply communication circuit board 5 through wiring in the ABS insulating material hollow support column 3.
Referring to fig. 10, the working principle of the present invention is as follows: setting an ultrasonic transducer RT1 to transmit signals, wherein the signals received by an ultrasonic transducer RT2 are a first group; the ultrasonic transducer RT2 transmits signals, and the ultrasonic transducer RT1 receives signals as a second group; the ultrasonic transducer RT3 transmits signals, and the ultrasonic transducer RT4 receives signals to form a third group; the ultrasonic transducer RT4 transmits signals, and the ultrasonic transducer RT3 receives signals in a fourth group. The first group is described as follows: the microprocessor generates square wave signals to directly excite the ultrasonic transducer RT1 to transmit signals, the ultrasonic transducer RT2 receives echo signals, and the signal receiving time lasts for 2-3 ms. The signal processing time interval of each group is 6.5ms, and four groups are one process and are circularly reciprocated.
Referring to fig. 11 to 12, the wind speed measurement algorithm comprises the following steps:
s1, acquiring basic data; the base data includes twoA propagation path (horizontal distribution distance) D between the ultrasonic transducers; signal propagation time t on each axis in windless conditionsNS 、tSN 、tWE 、tEW The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Signal transmission time t 'on each axis under upwind and downwind conditions'NS 、t′SN 、t′WE 、t′EW 。
S2, calculating wind speed according to the following formula;
v is wind speed, phi is wind direction angle, vNS And vWE Wind speed component, c, on NS and WE axes, respectivelyNS And cWE The propagation velocity components of ultrasonic waves in air on the NS and WE axes, tNS 、tSN 、tWE 、tEW The signal transmission time under windless conditions on the NS and WE axes are respectively, t'NS 、t′SN 、t′WE 、t′EW The signal transmission time on the NS and WE axes in upwind conditions, respectively.
The foregoing description is only of the preferred embodiments of the present application and is not intended to limit the same, but rather, various modifications and variations may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present application should be included in the protection scope of the present application.