CN113226992A - Method for softening water and water softening device - Google Patents
Method for softening water and water softening deviceDownload PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN113226992A CN113226992ACN201980085096.7ACN201980085096ACN113226992ACN 113226992 ACN113226992 ACN 113226992ACN 201980085096 ACN201980085096 ACN 201980085096ACN 113226992 ACN113226992 ACN 113226992A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- water
- capacitor
- softening device
- method step
- product
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Images
Classifications
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/46—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods
- C02F1/469—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrochemical separation, e.g. by electro-osmosis, electrodialysis, electrophoresis
- C02F1/4691—Capacitive deionisation
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/008—Control or steering systems not provided for elsewhere in subclass C02F
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2201/00—Apparatus for treatment of water, waste water or sewage
- C02F2201/46—Apparatus for electrochemical processes
- C02F2201/461—Electrolysis apparatus
- C02F2201/46105—Details relating to the electrolytic devices
- C02F2201/4612—Controlling or monitoring
- C02F2201/46125—Electrical variables
- C02F2201/46135—Voltage
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2201/00—Apparatus for treatment of water, waste water or sewage
- C02F2201/46—Apparatus for electrochemical processes
- C02F2201/461—Electrolysis apparatus
- C02F2201/46105—Details relating to the electrolytic devices
- C02F2201/4612—Controlling or monitoring
- C02F2201/46145—Fluid flow
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2209/00—Controlling or monitoring parameters in water treatment
- C02F2209/05—Conductivity or salinity
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2209/00—Controlling or monitoring parameters in water treatment
- C02F2209/05—Conductivity or salinity
- C02F2209/055—Hardness
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Treatment Of Water By Ion Exchange (AREA)
- Water Treatment By Electricity Or Magnetism (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Background
A method for water softening has been proposed. Softening of water, i.e. in particularWhich mainly remove CaCO3And traces of magnesium, especially in the domestic field, mainly by three different techniques. On the one hand, the efficiency is high and is accompanied by a low consumption of electrical energy by means of ion exchangers, in which the "spent" salt must be periodically replaced. Furthermore, the water softening is carried out by reverse osmosis, wherein the water to be purified is pressed through a membrane. Reverse osmosis is accompanied by high electrical energy consumption and high water consumption. In addition, the water softening is performed by Capacitive Deionization (CDI). Here, water is pumped through the capacitor. The applied voltage draws away the ions dissolved in the water. Here, the electrodes must be periodically regenerated, thereby making the operation discontinuous.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention is based on a method for softening water by means of a capacitive water softening device, wherein in at least one method step the water is softened by means of at least one capacitor and softened product water is provided.
It is proposed that, in at least one method step, the ion concentration of the product water is adjusted to a defined value.
By "product water" is understood in particular water which is provided by a water supply facility, in particular a water plant, a drinking water supply plant or the like, as a water supply, in particular as a drinking water supply, and which has undergone purification, in particular softening, in a water softening device. "softening" is preferably to be understood as deionization, in particular decalcification. By "deionization" is understood at least substantial removal of charged, in particular ionic, components from ion-containing mixtures, in particular aqueous mixtures. Preferably, a reduction of the charged component of preferably at least 10%, particularly preferably at least 50%, very particularly preferably at least 90%, for example a target hardness of 3 ° dH, should be achieved. "decalcification" is to be understood as meaning the at least substantial removal of lime, in particular CaCO, from lime-containing mixtures, in particular lime-containing aqueous mixtures3And trace amounts of magnesium. Preferably, a reduction of the lime content of preferably at least 10%, particularly preferably at least 50%, very particularly preferably at least 90%, should be achieved.
Preferably, in at least one method step, water, in particular unpurified water, is caused to flow through the capacitor, in particular controlled and/or regulated by a control and/or regulating unit of the capacitive water softening device. Preferably, in at least one method step, a voltage is applied to the electrodes of the capacitor of the capacitive water softening device, in particular by means of a control and/or regulating unit of the capacitive water softening device, in order to provide the softened product water. In at least one method step, the capacitor preferably bonds the charged components of the unpurified water to the electrodes as a function of the applied voltage.
By "raw water" is understood, in particular, water which is provided by a water supply facility, in particular a water plant, a drinking water supply plant or the like, as a water supply, in particular as a drinking water supply, and which has not undergone further purification, in particular has not undergone decalcification. The raw water has, for example, a hardness of 7 ° dH.
In at least one method step, an electric current (I) is preferably consumed in order to bind the charged constituents of the raw water by means of a capacitorel). In at least one method step, the current (I) is preferably dissipated as a function of the number of ions bonded (Δ c) and/or the applied voltageel)。
In order to bind a specific number of ions from the raw water, in at least one method step, the current (I) in the capacitor through which the raw water flows is regulated, in particular by means of a control and/or regulating unit of the capacitive water softening device, preferably by means of an applied voltageel)。
In addition, the current (I) is regulated by the voltage applied to the capacitor through which the unpurified water flowsel) Preferably, in at least one method step, the ion concentration of the product water is determined, in particular by user input and/or by a program, in particular by means of a control and/or regulating unit of a capacitive water softening device. In at least one method step, the deionization current (I) in the capacitor is calculated, in particular by means of a control and/or regulating device of a capacitive water softening deviceD) The deionization current is used to achieve a target hardness for product water flow, particularly for binding a specific number of ions.
Preferably, in at least one method step, the product water flow is measured
In at least one method step, in particular by means of a control and/or regulating unit of a capacitive water softening device, preferably from the measured product water flow
And solving the Faraday efficiency. In at least one method step, the product water flow of the water softening device is compared by means of Faraday efficiency and/or deionization efficiency
In particular by means of a control and/or regulating unit of a capacitive water softening device, preferably from the measured product water flow
And solving the Faraday efficiency.
In at least one method step, the current (I) to be set by the voltage is calculated, in particular by means of a control and/or regulating unit of the capacitive water softening device, from the Faraday efficiency and the desired target hardness of the product waterel)。
By "deionization current" is understood the minimum current required in order to bond a specific number of ions to the electrodes of the capacitor. Minimum current for deionization in capacitor (deionization current (I)D) Is related to the difference in ion concentration (Δ c (mol/l)) upstream and downstream of the capacitor in terms of flow technology and to the product water flow
And (3) correlation:
symbol F describes a Faraday of about 96500As/molConstant, the symbol z describes the number of electrons per ion (at Ca)2+In the case of (2) z). The product of z and F is a constant. Δ c and
the product of (a) is called deionization efficiency (mmol/min). "Faraday efficiency" is understood to mean the deionization current (I)D) With the current (I) actually consumedel) The ratio of (A) to (B):
given two variables of product water flow, deionization current, or ion concentration difference, the respective missing variables can be calculated from equation (1). Furthermore, the Faraday efficiency can be determined, for example, by means of equation (2) and the deionization current (I)D) Calculating the current (I) actually consumedel) And the current is regulated by the voltage on the capacitor. For example, a product water flow of 12.1l/min was measured. In this example, the hardness of the unpurified water was also measured to be 7 ° dH. At 0.2l/s, the example apparatus has a Faraday efficiency of 0.7. The desired target hardness is, for example, 3 ° dH. The difference in ion concentration is 0.76mmol/l in this example. This corresponds to a deionization current of 29A in this example. This corresponds to the current of 41A having to be set by the voltage across the capacitor in the case of a faraday efficiency of 0.7 to achieve the desired target stiffness in this example.
The target ion concentration can advantageously be achieved by the method according to the invention. By this method, the energy consumption can be advantageously reduced. The cost of water softening can be advantageously reduced by this method. This method advantageously reduces maintenance costs and/or prolongs the maintenance intervals. By means of which a favorable service life of the water softening device can be achieved. Advantageously, 95% water regeneration can be achieved. Advantageously, 95% of the incoming raw water can be converted into demineralized water.
It is also proposed that, in at least one method step, the ion concentration of the product water is measured and that, in at least one method step, the product water flow is determined from the ion concentration of the product water. In at least one method step, the product water flow rate is calculated, in particular by the control unit and/or the regulating unit, given the known and/or measured ion concentration of the unpurified water and the known and/or measured ion concentration of the product water. Advantageously, the water output can also be determined in the event of a failure of the control and/or regulating unit.
Furthermore, it is proposed that, in at least one method step, in particular in the calculation step, the target hardness of the product water at the maximum deionization current is calculated with the hardness of the unpurified water known and/or measured. Advantageously, the water softening device may be shown to have a maximum product water hardness to be achieved. Advantageously, the user can deduce the minimum ion concentration to be achieved in the product water prior to purchasing the water softening device.
Furthermore, it is proposed that, in at least one method step, the ion concentration of the product water is determined by a user input and/or by a program of a control and/or regulating unit of the capacitive water softening device. Advantageously, the user can control the energy consumption of the water softening device by the ion concentration of the product water.
Furthermore, a water softening device, in particular a capacitive water softening device, is proposed, which has at least one control and/or regulating unit and at least one capacitor for carrying out the method according to the invention for softening water.
The water softening device is preferably arranged to be used upstream of other water consuming units in terms of flow technology. In this case, it is conceivable, for example, for the water softening device to be used in conjunction with a water-consuming kitchen machine, for example a dishwasher. It is also conceivable to use the water softening device in a water supply for a residential unit, in particular a residential building, and/or in a water supply for an industrial unit, in particular a factory or a plantation. Preferably, the water softening device is arranged for treating a water supply of a building water network, in particular a domestic water network.
A "water softening device" is to be understood to mean, in particular, a device which is provided for reducing particles, in particular lime, in water, in particular in a water line. For this purpose, the water softening device is preferably arranged on the water supply, in particular on the water line. The water softening device is preferably arranged upstream of the water consumer in terms of flow technology on the water supply, in particular on the water line. The water softener is preferably configured to be connected to hard, unpurified water. The water softening device preferably softens the water and supplies the units connected downstream thereof with soft, purified product water.
The water softening device is preferably integrated in a water supply device, in particular a water consumption unit. A "water supply" is preferably to be understood as a unit which is arranged between the water-consuming unit and the water line and/or another water storage device. It is conceivable that the water supply means comprise at least one hose and/or pipe or the like for guiding the water. It is also conceivable for the water supply to comprise, for example, a pump for guiding the water and/or a heating module for regulating the water temperature. Preferably, the water is directed through the softener by line pressure applied to the water supply or by a pump. Preferably, the water supply has a reservoir connected downstream of the water softening device.
The at least one capacitor is preferably formed by an electrical capacitor. The capacitor includes at least one first electrode. The at least one capacitor comprises at least one further electrode. The electrodes preferably have a pitch of less than 1 mm. The electrodes of the at least one first capacitor are preferably made of carbon, in particular porous carbon, preferably nanoporous carbon. It is conceivable that the electrodes are constructed from graphite, from graphene and/or carbon nanotubes and/or from composite materials comprising carbon nanotubes. In one operating state, the electrodes preferably provide adsorption sites for dissolved ions. Advantageously, the electrode may be robustly constructed and configured to have a large surface. Advantageously, a water regeneration rate of 95% can be achieved.
In one operating state, a voltage is applied between the at least one first electrode and the at least one further electrode. The voltage value at the at least one first electrode, in particular 1V, is preferably of opposite value to the voltage value at the at least one further electrode. "inverted value" is to be understood in particular as meaning that one value is equal to another value, except for the sign. The applied voltage produces at least one first electrode that is negatively charged and at least one other electrode of equal strength but positively charged. It is also conceivable that the electrodes are charged in an inverted manner. It is also conceivable that at least one electrode is connected to the electrical ground of the water softening device.
The at least one first charged electrode is in direct contact with unpurified water in at least one operating state. At least one further charged electrode is in direct contact with the unpurified water in at least one operating state. The negative charge on the at least one first electrode bonds positively charged components from the unpurified water to the at least one first electrode. The positive charge on the at least one further electrode bonds negatively charged components from the unpurified water to the at least one further electrode. The magnitude of the voltage is proportional to the deionization strength of the capacitor. By "deionization strength" is preferably understood the amount of charged components removed from the water. The current density of the capacitor is preferably 10-50mA/cm2In the range of (1). The deionization current is, for example, 29A, wherein, with a faraday efficiency of 0.7, a current of 41A has to be set to achieve a deionization current of 29A. Preferably, the water softening device has a known, in particular measured, ratio between the product water flow and the faradaic efficiency. The current is always higher than the deionization current due to leakage currents and other energy losses, for example, caused by waste heat.
Opposite charge distributions between the at least one first electrode and the at least one further electrode are also conceivable. In this case, the positive charge on the at least one first electrode bonds negatively charged components from the unpurified water to the at least one first electrode. In this case, the negative charge on the at least one further electrode bonds positively charged components from the unpurified water to the at least one further electrode. In at least one operating state, the softened product water is arranged downstream of the at least one capacitor in terms of flow technology.
It is conceivable that the water softening device comprises at least one check valve.
The water softening device comprises at least one control and/or regulating unit. The at least one control and/or regulating unit is arranged for controlling the continuous supply of demineralized water. A "control and/or regulating unit" is to be understood to mean, in particular, a unit having at least one control electronics. The term "control electronics" is to be understood to mean, in particular, a unit having a processor unit, a memory unit and an operating program stored in the memory unit. The control and/or regulating unit is preferably the following: the component is provided for controlling and/or regulating at least an electrical component, in particular an electronic component, of the water softening device. The control and/or regulating unit of the water softening device is at least arranged for supplying any valves and/or capacitors used for control with voltage. The control and/or regulating unit preferably comprises at least one memory element. Preferably, a calibration curve between the product water flow and the Faraday efficiency and/or the deionization efficiency of the water softening device is stored in the storage element for product water flows of 0l/min to at least 50l/min, preferably at least 12 l/min. Preferably, for a product water flow of 0l/min to at least 50l/min, preferably at least 12l/min, a calibration curve between the product water flow and the faraday efficiency and/or the deionization efficiency of the water softening device is stored in the storage element at the time of manufacture, installation and/or maintenance and/or can be stored in the storage element subsequently. Furthermore, it is conceivable for the control and/or regulating unit to comprise at least one sensor element for adjusting a variable controlled by the control and/or regulating unit. By measuring the input and output hardness of the water, the current consumption and the volume flow of water through the water softening device (product water flow), calibration curves between product water flow and faraday efficiency and/or deionization efficiency can be recorded and/or calculated.
The control and/or regulating unit comprises a switching element which is provided for inverting at least one voltage across the at least one first capacitor at, in particular, periodic intervals. A "periodic interval" is preferably to be understood as a repeating time interval, in particular a repeating constant time interval. Preferably, the switching element is arranged to switch the voltage over the first capacitor back to the initial voltage after a further time interval, in particular after the same time interval as in the first conversion of the voltage. Preferably, the switching element is arranged to adapt the time interval of the switching process to the water consumption of the water softening device. It is conceivable that the time intervals are kept equal in length. Alternatively, it is conceivable for the time intervals to be shorter and/or longer. Advantageously, a water softening device can be constructed which can be operated in an optimum energy state at every operating moment. Preferably, the voltage reversal on the capacitor switches the capacitor from the deionization switching position to the cleaning switching position and vice versa. The switching element is provided in particular for repeatedly bringing the at least one first capacitor and the at least one further capacitor from the deionization switching position into the cleaning switching position and back again into the deionization switching position after a defined time interval. The deionizing switching position is to be understood as the following switching position: when a new voltage, in particular a voltage with reversed polarity, is applied to at least two electrodes of the capacitor for the first time or after cleaning, the capacitor is switched into the switching position. In contrast to the deionization switching position, the "cleaning switching position" is to be understood as the following switching position: the capacitor is switched to the switching position when the polarity of the voltage between at least two electrodes of the capacitor is reversed. "polarity reversal" is to be understood to mean, in particular, a reversal of the sign of the charge carriers, wherein the voltage intensities need not be identical. Preferably, the voltage in the cleaning switching position is lower than the voltage in the deionization switching position. It is conceivable that at least one capacitor operating in the clean switching position is supplied with water extracted from the waste water network. Advantageously, an environmentally friendly and/or material friendly water softening device can be constructed.
Advantageously, a water softening device may be constructed that provides adjustably softened water. Advantageously, a water softening device may be constructed that is capable of outputting product water having an adjusted ion concentration. Advantageously, an energy-efficient water softening device can be constructed. Advantageously, a water softening device can be constructed which is cost-effective to operate. Advantageously, the service life of the water softening device may be increased.
It is also proposed that the control and/or regulating unit comprises a replaceable memory element. Preferably, the memory element is arranged on the control and/or regulating unit so as to be accessible from the outside. It is conceivable for the memory element to be arranged behind the flap in the housing of the control and/or regulating unit. Advantageously, an easy assembly and/or an easy replacement of the storage element can be achieved. Advantageously, an easy replacement and/or a simplified re-recording of the calibration curve stored on the memory element can be achieved. Advantageously, the derivation of the calibration curve to another device can be achieved. Advantageously, the measurement conditions for the individual test series can be called up in the laboratory on an external device.
The water softening device according to the invention should not be limited to the above-described applications and embodiments. The water softening device according to the invention may in particular have a number different from the number of individual elements, components and units mentioned herein in order to achieve the mode of action described herein. Furthermore, for the value ranges specified in the present disclosure, values lying within the limits mentioned should also be regarded as disclosed and can be used arbitrarily.
Drawings
Other advantages are derived from the following description of the figures. Embodiments of the invention are illustrated in the drawings. The figures, description and claims contain many combinations of features. The person skilled in the art expediently also considers these features individually and combines them into meaningful further combinations.
The figures show:
fig. 1 shows a capacitive water softening device according to the invention in a schematic view;
fig. 2 shows a schematic illustration of a capacitor of a capacitive water softening device in a deionization switching position;
fig. 3 shows a schematic view of a capacitor of the capacitive water softening device in a clean switching position;
fig. 4 shows a schematic flow diagram of a method according to the invention for water softening by means of a capacitive water softening device.
Detailed Description
Fig. 1 shows a capacitivewater softening device 10 having acapacitor 12. Thefresh water source 32, in particular a connection on a water line, supplies raw water to thecapacitor 12 via a water line, such as a pipe and/or a hose.The water flow to thecapacitor 12 can be controlled by the control and/or regulatingunit 18 via avalve 28, which is arranged upstream of thecapacitor 12 in terms of flow technology. Thewater softening device 10 has a control and/or regulatingunit 18. Control and/or regulatingunit 18 controls and/or regulates current and/or voltage V acrosscapacitor 12k、Vk'. The control and/or regulatingunit 18 controls and/or regulates thecapacitor 12 into the cleaning switching position or into the deionization switching position. Downstream of thecapacitor 12, amulti-way valve 30, in particular a three-way valve, is arranged in terms of flow technology. The control and/or regulatingunit 18 controls and/or regulates themulti-way valve 30 in order to achieve the delivery of water from thecapacitor 12. Themulti-way valve 30 is configured with two outputs. One output of themulti-way valve 30 is connected to abuilding water network 34. The other output of themulti-way valve 30 is connected to awaste water network 36. When thecapacitor 12 is operated in the deionization switching position, the control and/or regulatingunit 18 controls and/or regulates themulti-way valve 30 to deliver water into thebuilding water network 34. When thecapacitor 12 is operated in the cleaning switching position, the control and/or regulatingunit 18 controls and/or regulates themulti-way valve 30 to deliver water into thewaste water network 36. The control and/or regulatingunit 18 comprises areplaceable memory element 26. On which calibration curves of the faraday efficiency and/or deionization efficiency versus the product water flow of thewater softening device 10 are stored.
Thecapacitor 12 of thewater softening device 10 is schematically shown in fig. 2 and 3. Thewater softening device 10 comprises for example acapacitor 12. Thecapacitor 12 is configured for bonding and/or repelling charged components from the water to/from afirst capacitor 12, in particular anelectrode 14, 14' (see fig. 2 and 3).
In order to bind and/or repel charged components from the water, in particular from the unpurified water, thecapacitor 12 can be switched by the control and/or regulatingunit 18 into the cleaning switching position and/or into the deionization switching position. In order to switch thecapacitor 12 into the cleaning switching position, the control and/or regulatingunit 18 controls and/or regulates the voltage V at theelectrodes 14, 14' of thecapacitor 12k、Vk‘。
Fig. 2 shows thecapacitor 12 in a deionization switching position. The raw water flows through the region between the twoporous electrodes 14, 14' of thecapacitor 12. Voltage VkApplied between the two illustratedelectrodes 14, 14'. Positive ions are pulled from the water onto the negatively chargedelectrode 14 and bond there. Negative ions are drawn from the water onto the positively charged electrode 14' and bind there. The positive andnegative electrodes 14, 14' are arranged opposite to each other. Thecollectors 16, 16 'are located downstream of theelectrodes 14, 14'. Thecollectors 16, 16 'are capable of receiving or releasing charges, particularly bound ions on theelectrodes 14, 14'.
Fig. 3 shows thecapacitor 12 in a clean switching position. Raw water and/or wastewater flows through the region between the twoporous electrodes 14, 14' of thecapacitor 12. Voltage Vk'applied between the twoelectrodes 14, 14' shown. Voltage Vk' with voltage V in the deionization switching positionkThe opposite is true. Positive ions are released into the water from thepositive electrode 14. Negative ions are released into the water from the positive electrode 14'. The positive andnegative electrodes 14, 14' are arranged opposite to each other. Thecollectors 16, 16 'are located downstream of theelectrodes 14, 14'.
The control and/or regulatingunit 18 controls and/or regulates the flow of water, in particular unpurified water or waste water, through thecapacitor 12. The control and/or regulatingunit 18 controls the water output, in particular the product water output, of thewater softening device 10, in particular of thecapacitor 12. The control and/or regulating unit controls and/or regulates, for example, avalve 22 upstream of the capacitor in terms of flow technology, which serves to control and/or regulate the water flow through the capacitor.
Fig. 4 shows a schematic flow diagram of a method for water softening by means of a capacitive water softening device. In at least one method step, in particular involtage step 20, voltage V is appliedkTo theelectrodes 14, 14' of thecapacitor 12. In at least one method step, in particular in thevoltage step 20, water, in particular unpurified water, is flowed through thecapacitor 12. In at least one method step, in particular involtage step 20,capacitor 12 is operated as a function of applied voltage VkBonding charged components of raw water to electricityOn thepoles 14, 14'. In at least one method step, in particular in avoltage step 20, the voltage V applied to theelectrodes 14, 14' of thecapacitor 12 is passedkTo adjust the ion concentration of the product water. In at least one method step, in particular in avoltage step 20, the voltage V across the at least onecapacitor 12 is regulatedkTo adjust the ion concentration of the product water in a targeted manner. In at least one method step, in particular involtage step 20, voltage V is passedkThe ion concentration of the product water is adjusted. In at least one method step, in particular involtage step 20, voltage V is passedkThe current, in particular the deionization current, in thecapacitor 12 through which the unpurified water flows is regulated.
In at least one method step, in particular in themeasurement step 22, the ion concentration of the product water is calculated. In at least one method step, in particular in a measuringstep 22, the product water flow is measured. In at least one method step, in particular in themeasurement step 22, the current in thecapacitor 12 is calculated in order to achieve the target hardness. In at least one method step, in particular in themeasurement step 22, the faradaic efficiency is determined from the known product water flow. In at least one method step, in particular in themeasurement step 22, the faraday efficiency is determined from the known product water flow by means of a calibration curve of the faraday efficiency and/or deionization efficiency with respect to the product water flow of thewater softening device 10. In at least one method step, in particular in themeasurement step 22, the deionization current and/or the current actually required is calculated from the faraday efficiency and the desired target hardness of the product water, in particular by means of the control and/or regulatingunit 18. In at least one method step, in particular in themeasurement step 22, a calibration curve of the faradaic efficiency and/or deionization efficiency with respect to the product water flow of thewater softening device 10 is recalled from thememory element 26. The relationship between the faradaic efficiency and the product water flow rate, for example, behaves substantially linearly.
For example, a product water flow of 12.1l/min was measured. In this example, the hardness of the unpurified water was also measured to be 7 ° dH. At 0.2l/s, the example apparatus has a Faraday efficiency of 0.7. The desired target hardness is, for example, 3 ° dH. The difference in ion concentration was 0.76 mmol/l. This corresponds to a deionization current of 29A. This corresponds to a current of 41A which has to be set on thecapacitor 12 in the case of a faraday efficiency of 0.7.
In at least one method step, in particular in thecalculation step 24, the ion concentration of the product water is measured and the product water flow is determined from the ion concentration of the product water in at least one method step. In at least one method step, in particular in thecalculation step 24, the product water flow is calculated, in particular by means of a calibration curve of the faradaic efficiency against the product water flow, given the ion concentration of the unpurified water and the ion concentration of the product water.
For example, the hardness of unpurified water was measured to be 7 ° dH. For example, the target hardness of product water was measured as 3 ° dH. The difference in ion concentration was 0.76 mmol/l. This corresponds to a deionization current of 29A. The faraday efficiency is 0.7 at a current of 41A set on thecapacitor 12. The product water flow rate can be found by a calibration curve of the faradaic and/or deionization efficiency against the product water flow rate of thewater softening device 10, against the product water flow rate.
In at least one method step, in particular in thecalculation step 24, the target hardness of the product water at the maximum deionization current is calculated, knowing the hardness of the unpurified water. In at least one method step, in particular in thecalculation step 24, the target hardness of the product water at maximum deionization current is calculated with the aid of a calibration curve of the faradaic and/or deionization efficiency with respect to the product water flow of thewater softening device 10, given the hardness of the unpurified water. In at least one method step, in particular in thecalculation step 24, the hardness of the unpurified water is measured.
In at least one method step, in particular in thecalculation step 24, the ion concentration of the product water is determined by a user input and/or by a program of a control and/or regulating unit, in particular a capacitive water softening device.
It is conceivable that in at least one method step the temperature of the water is measured and/or compared, in particular for adjusting the calibration curve.
All method steps can in particular be executed in any desired sequence, wherein it is also conceivable to carry out further method steps between the method steps. The method steps can in particular be repeated in any desired sequence.
Claims (6)
1. Method for water softening by means of a capacitive water softening device, wherein in at least one method step water is softened by means of at least one capacitor and softened product water is provided, characterized in that the ion concentration of the product water is adjusted to a defined value in the at least one method step.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the ion concentration of the product water is measured in at least one method step, and wherein the product water flow rate is determined from the ion concentration of the product water in at least one method step.
3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that in at least one method step, in particular in the calculation step 24, the target hardness of the product water at maximum deionization current is calculated with the hardness of the unpurified water known.
4. Method according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that in at least one method step the ion concentration of the product water is input by a user and/or self-determined by the program of a control and/or regulation unit of the capacitive water softening device.
5. A water softening device having at least one control and/or regulating unit (18) and at least one capacitor (12) for carrying out the method for water softening according to any one of the preceding claims.
6. Water softening device according to claim 5, wherein the control and/or regulation unit (18) comprises a replaceable storage element (26).
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102018222254.1 | 2018-12-19 | ||
| DE102018222254.1ADE102018222254A1 (en) | 2018-12-19 | 2018-12-19 | Water softening process |
| PCT/EP2019/085134WO2020126929A1 (en) | 2018-12-19 | 2019-12-13 | Method for softening water and water softening system |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN113226992Atrue CN113226992A (en) | 2021-08-06 |
Family
ID=69411403
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201980085096.7APendingCN113226992A (en) | 2018-12-19 | 2019-12-13 | Method for softening water and water softening device |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP3898526A1 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN113226992A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE102018222254A1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2020126929A1 (en) |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104169224A (en)* | 2011-10-27 | 2014-11-26 | 滨特尔民用水处理有限责任公司 | Ion removal using a capacitive deionization system |
| CN107459200A (en)* | 2017-09-26 | 2017-12-12 | 江苏中圣高科技产业有限公司 | A kind of high slat-containing wastewater salinity recycling new recovering technology |
- 2018
- 2018-12-19DEDE102018222254.1Apatent/DE102018222254A1/enactivePending
- 2019
- 2019-12-13CNCN201980085096.7Apatent/CN113226992A/enactivePending
- 2019-12-13WOPCT/EP2019/085134patent/WO2020126929A1/ennot_activeCeased
- 2019-12-13EPEP19845814.3Apatent/EP3898526A1/ennot_activeCeased
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104169224A (en)* | 2011-10-27 | 2014-11-26 | 滨特尔民用水处理有限责任公司 | Ion removal using a capacitive deionization system |
| CN107459200A (en)* | 2017-09-26 | 2017-12-12 | 江苏中圣高科技产业有限公司 | A kind of high slat-containing wastewater salinity recycling new recovering technology |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| 王晓民等: "《镁铝铟冶金及其复合材料轻量化》", vol. 1, 中国建筑工业出版社, pages: 136 - 137* |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP3898526A1 (en) | 2021-10-27 |
| WO2020126929A1 (en) | 2020-06-25 |
| DE102018222254A1 (en) | 2020-06-25 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| EP2714598B1 (en) | Apparatus and method for controlling total dissolved solids, and water treatment apparatus including the same | |
| CN106082407B (en) | Water treatment equipment | |
| JP6395952B1 (en) | Water treatment apparatus and water treatment method | |
| KR101893006B1 (en) | Apparatus for reducing water by electrolysis and method for controlling the same | |
| EP2402289A1 (en) | Hot-water supply device | |
| US8652314B2 (en) | Flow de-ionization using independently controlled voltages | |
| TW200516054A (en) | Water treatment system and method | |
| CN106830227A (en) | The membrane capacitance deionizer and processing method of a kind of circular treatment | |
| CN1863737A (en) | Selectable ion concentrations with electrolytic ion exchange | |
| JP2016509527A (en) | Impregnated electrode for capacitive deionization, method for producing the electrode, and apparatus using the electrode | |
| CN101696069B (en) | Ultra advanced treatment method and device for sewage | |
| EP2692698B1 (en) | A method and an apparatus to remove ions | |
| EP2373587B1 (en) | Method of operating a capacitive deionization cell using gentle charge | |
| CN113226992A (en) | Method for softening water and water softening device | |
| CN212581572U (en) | Water purifier | |
| AU2019309400B2 (en) | Electrochemical process with passive regeneration foulant removal sequence | |
| WO2016016313A1 (en) | Operating an apparatus for removal of ions with warm and cold water | |
| CN111606397A (en) | Water purifier and method based on dielectrophoretic nanomembrane and electrodialysis | |
| CN113195419B (en) | Softening of water | |
| US20170050868A1 (en) | Photovoltaic powered electrodialysis desalination system | |
| KR20150042481A (en) | The Seawater desalinatipn system using energy cross and reuse in capacitive double electrolytic cell | |
| CN212403785U (en) | Household water purifying device | |
| KR20150117425A (en) | The wash water supply unit for washing machine with functions of water softening and non-detergents | |
| CN108137355A (en) | For the electrode of capacitive deionization | |
| US20240351918A1 (en) | Sewage filtering and purifying device |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| RJ01 | Rejection of invention patent application after publication | Application publication date:20210806 |