技术领域Technical Field
本发明涉及多能源系统技术领域，尤其涉及一种含低热值发电和分布式电源的配电网优化运行系统及方法。The present invention relates to the technical field of multi-energy systems, and in particular to a distribution network optimization operation system and method including low calorific value power generation and distributed power sources.
背景技术Background Art
随着当今社会经济与技术的发展，电力系统正在向着多元、高效、清洁的方向发展，我国正在积极建设包括风能、太阳能等清洁能源发电厂以及由低热值燃料机组组成的高利用率发电设备，并取得了阶段性的成效。但是，现阶段的新能源发电存在诸多问题，低热值发电装置接入技术也不够成熟。新能源诸如风能、光能具有随机性不稳定性的特点，通常会给电力系统带来一定的负担，对于一般的电力系统如果分布式能源的渗透率过高，将会引发电压波动、潮流越限等问题，严重时将会给整个电力系统带来危险，因此分布式能源的接入容量占总发电量的比例有着严格的要求，这也意味现阶段发电的主力设备仍然是火电机组。我国是煤炭生产和消费大国，煤炭生产和洗选过程中产生了大量的煤矸石、煤泥、洗中煤等低热值煤资源。然而，低热值资源在以前并没有得到充分的利用，低热值发电装置也是在近些年得到一些推进和发展。与此同时，工业余热的开发利用也逐渐提上日程，低热值发电设备能够对诸如此类低温热源通过有机朗肯循环过程进行回收利用。低热值发电装置通常由换热器、涡轮、冷凝器和工质泵四部分组成，具有对较低温度热源的利用有更高的效率的特点，对于能源的充分利用具有重要意义。With the development of today's social economy and technology, the power system is developing in the direction of diversity, efficiency and cleanliness. my country is actively building clean energy power plants including wind power, solar power and high-utilization power generation equipment composed of low calorific value fuel units, and has achieved phased results. However, there are many problems with new energy power generation at this stage, and the access technology of low calorific value power generation equipment is not mature enough. New energy such as wind energy and light energy have the characteristics of random instability, which usually brings a certain burden to the power system. For general power systems, if the penetration rate of distributed energy is too high, it will cause voltage fluctuations, current over-limit and other problems. In serious cases, it will bring danger to the entire power system. Therefore, there are strict requirements for the proportion of distributed energy access capacity to total power generation, which also means that the main power generation equipment at this stage is still thermal power units. my country is a major coal producer and consumer. A large amount of low calorific value coal resources such as coal gangue, coal slime, and washed medium coal are produced during coal production and washing. However, low calorific value resources have not been fully utilized in the past, and low calorific value power generation devices have also been promoted and developed in recent years. At the same time, the development and utilization of industrial waste heat has gradually been put on the agenda. Low calorific value power generation equipment can recycle such low-temperature heat sources through the organic Rankine cycle process. Low calorific value power generation equipment usually consists of four parts: heat exchanger, turbine, condenser and working fluid pump. It has the characteristics of higher efficiency in utilizing lower temperature heat sources, which is of great significance for the full utilization of energy.
当前，对于低热值发电装置的研究正处于起步阶段，对于包含低热值发电和风光分布式新能源的主动配电网优化运行方法及系统研究十分欠缺。包含分布式能源发电与低热值发电的综合能源系统具有广泛的前景，低热值发电设备能够代替传统火电机组与风力发电、光伏发电进行联合优化运行，保障电力系统的稳定运行的同时，将碳排放量作为关键技术指标加入到综合能源发电系统中，实现高效、清洁、经济、稳定的综合能源供电。因此，选择高效的含低热值发电和风光分布式新能源的主动配电网优化运行方法是当前亟待解决的关键技术问题，需要建立一个完整互联、供需平衡的综合能源主动配电网运行系统，根据系统内各个部分的特性，实现多维度、多指标的联合优化运行策略。同时依据关键的技术经济指标，建立一个关键信息互联的低热值发电与新能源发电管理系统。At present, the research on low calorific value power generation equipment is in its infancy, and there is a lack of research on the optimization operation method and system of active distribution network including low calorific value power generation and wind and solar distributed new energy. The integrated energy system including distributed energy generation and low calorific value power generation has broad prospects. Low calorific value power generation equipment can replace traditional thermal power units and jointly optimize operation with wind power generation and photovoltaic power generation. While ensuring the stable operation of the power system, carbon emissions are added to the integrated energy power generation system as a key technical indicator to achieve efficient, clean, economical and stable integrated energy power supply. Therefore, the selection of efficient optimization operation methods for active distribution networks containing low calorific value power generation and wind and solar distributed new energy is a key technical problem that needs to be solved urgently. It is necessary to establish a complete interconnected, supply-demand balanced integrated energy active distribution network operation system, and realize multi-dimensional and multi-indicator joint optimization operation strategies according to the characteristics of each part of the system. At the same time, based on key technical and economic indicators, a low calorific value power generation and new energy power generation management system with key information interconnection is established.
发明内容Summary of the invention
为解决上述技术问题，本发明提出一种含低热值发电和分布式电源的配电网优化运行系统及方法；In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention proposes a distribution network optimization operation system and method including low calorific value power generation and distributed power sources;
一方面，一种含低热值发电和分布式电源的配电网优化运行系统，包括用户登录模块、数据采集模块、电网络潮流模块、设备运行状态监测模块、设备运行控制模块以及数据显示与存储模块；On the one hand, a distribution network optimization operation system containing low calorific value power generation and distributed power sources includes a user login module, a data acquisition module, an electric network flow module, an equipment operation status monitoring module, an equipment operation control module, and a data display and storage module;
所述用户登录模块识别用户登录权限，完成用户的访问操作；The user login module identifies the user's login authority and completes the user's access operation;
所述数据采集模块用于接收采集的风机、火电机组、工业负荷、常规负荷、储能装置的运行数据，并将运行数据传送至所述电网络潮流模块以及所述设备运行状态监测模块；The data acquisition module is used to receive the collected operation data of the fan, thermal power unit, industrial load, conventional load, and energy storage device, and transmit the operation data to the power network flow module and the equipment operation status monitoring module;
所述电网络潮流模块接收数据采集模块采集的运行数据，记录电力网络中设置的关键节点的实时电压数据以及关键线路的功率潮流数据，监测电力网络的运行情况，输出功率潮流数据至设备运行控制模块；The power network flow module receives the operation data collected by the data acquisition module, records the real-time voltage data of key nodes set in the power network and the power flow data of key lines, monitors the operation of the power network, and outputs the power flow data to the equipment operation control module;
所述设备运行状态监测模块接收数据采集模块采集的运行数据，提供低热值发电设备与储能设备运行状态查询功能，调用所述数据采集模块的设备运行数据，根据实际的需求，在指定的时间显示指定装置或者全部装置的运行数据；The equipment operation status monitoring module receives the operation data collected by the data acquisition module, provides the low calorific value power generation equipment and energy storage equipment operation status query function, calls the equipment operation data of the data acquisition module, and displays the operation data of the specified device or all devices at a specified time according to actual needs;
所述设备运行控制模块接收数据采集模块采集的运行数据和电网络潮流模块的功率潮流数据，根据改进烟花算法得到的系统运行策略控制系统储能、低热值发电厂出力值，控制故障模块接入接出；The equipment operation control module receives the operation data collected by the data acquisition module and the power flow data of the power network flow module, controls the system energy storage and the output value of the low calorific value power plant according to the system operation strategy obtained by the improved fireworks algorithm, and controls the access of the fault module;
所述数据显示与存储模块对数据进行显示，并将数据进行存储；其中各个装置的调控信息采用曲线图的方式进行显示，其中横坐标为时间，纵坐标分别为对应时间的各个装置的出力值。The data display and storage module displays and stores the data; the control information of each device is displayed in the form of a curve graph, in which the horizontal axis is time and the vertical axis is the output value of each device at the corresponding time.
一方面，一种含低热值发电和风光分布式新能源的主动配电网优化运行方法，包括以下步骤：On the one hand, a method for optimizing the operation of an active distribution network including low calorific value power generation and wind and solar distributed renewable energy includes the following steps:
步骤1：将多能源系统中的低热值发电、风力发电、光伏发电、储能、负荷运行及主网输电数据通过电力采集及通信设备传输至服务器，同时获取多能源系统中的电力线路参数以及潮流约束参数；Step 1: Transmit the low calorific value power generation, wind power generation, photovoltaic power generation, energy storage, load operation and main grid transmission data in the multi-energy system to the server through power collection and communication equipment, and obtain the power line parameters and power flow constraint parameters in the multi-energy system at the same time;
步骤2：建立低热值发电、风力发电、光伏发电、外网输电运行模型；Step 2: Establish low calorific value power generation, wind power generation, photovoltaic power generation, and external grid transmission operation models;
所述低热值发电运行模型包括三部分：运行过程中低热值机组碳排放模型、低热值机组启停工作状态模型、以及低热值机组发电模型；The low calorific value power generation operation model includes three parts: a carbon emission model of a low calorific value unit during operation, a start-stop working state model of a low calorific value unit, and a power generation model of a low calorific value unit;
所述碳排放模型为：The carbon emission model is:
式中：是单位碳排放市场折算成本；E0是碳排放权分配额度，Es为总的碳排放量；Where: is the unit carbon emission market conversion cost;E0 is the carbon emission rights allocation quota, andEs is the total carbon emissions;
所述启停工作状态模型The start-stop working state model
式中，n为低热值机组数量，T为系统运行周期，Si为机组i的开机成本，ui,t为机组i在t时刻的启停状态，为1表示开机态，为0表示停机态。Where n is the number of low calorific value units, T is the system operation cycle, Si is the startup cost of unit i, and ui,t is the start-up and shutdown status of unit i at time t, where 1 indicates the startup state and 0 indicates the shutdown state.
所述低热值机组发电模型为The power generation model of the low calorific value unit is:
F3＝Fe+FcF3 ＝Fe +Fc
式中：dt是t时间段外购电能电价；Fe是外购电能成本；a3、b3、c3是低热值燃料发电成本系数；Fc是低热值发电设备成本；F3是外购电能与低热值发电成本之和；Where: dt is the price of purchased electricity in time period t;Fe is the cost of purchased electricity; a3 , b3 , c3 are the cost coefficients of low calorific value fuel power generation; Fc is the cost of low calorific value power generation equipment; F3 is the sum of the cost of purchased electricity and low calorific value power generation;
所述风力发电运行模型为系统稳定约束下的弃风成本模型；The wind power generation operation model is a wind abandonment cost model under system stability constraints;
所述光伏发电运行模型为系统稳定约束下的弃光成本模型；The photovoltaic power generation operation model is a photovoltaic abandonment cost model under system stability constraints;
所述弃光、弃风成本模型为：The cost model for abandoning solar power and wind power is:
F4＝αpw(Pp′w-Ppw)+αpv(Pp′v-Ppv)F4 =αpw (Pp ′w -Ppw ) + αpv (Pp ′v -Ppv )
式中：αpw、αpv分别是弃风、弃光折算成本系数；Ppw、Ppv分别是风电、光伏实际接入电网中的功率；Pp′w、Pp′v分别是风电、光伏实际发出的功率。当系统中的分布式能源全部消纳时，弃风弃光惩罚成本为0。Where: αpw and αpv are the cost coefficients for wind and solar power abandonment, respectively; Ppw and Ppv are the actual power of wind power and photovoltaic power connected to the grid, respectively; Pp ′w and Pp ′v are the actual power generated by wind power and photovoltaic power, respectively. When all distributed energy in the system is absorbed, the penalty cost for wind and solar power abandonment is 0.
所述外网输电运行模型为与外网功率交换的成本模型；The external grid power transmission operation model is a cost model for exchanging power with the external grid;
式中：Z是电力网络中所有节点的集合；c5是电压波动惩罚折算系数；Vn,t是配电网n节点的电压值；VN是配电网节点额定电压值。Where: Z is the set of all nodes in the power network; c5 is the voltage fluctuation penalty conversion coefficient; Vn,t is the voltage value of the n-node in the distribution network; VN is the rated voltage value of the distribution network node.
步骤3：建立低热值发电与新能源发电主动配电网优化运行优化模型；Step 3: Establish an optimization model for the optimal operation of low calorific value power generation and new energy power generation active distribution network;
步骤3.1：建立结合运行成本、系统损耗成本、电压波动惩罚成本及碳排放成本的优化运行目标函数；Step 3.1: Establish an optimal operation objective function that combines operation cost, system loss cost, voltage fluctuation penalty cost and carbon emission cost;
所述目标函数为：The objective function is:
min(F1+F2+F3+F4+F5+F6)min(F1 +F2 +F3 +F4 +F5 +F6 )
所述运行成本包括低热值燃料成本以及外购电能成本；The operating costs include the cost of low calorific value fuel and the cost of purchased electricity;
所述系统损耗包括安全运行环境下的弃风、弃光折算成本和网络损耗成本；The system loss includes the cost of wind and solar power abandonment and network loss cost under a safe operation environment;
所述电压波动惩罚成本包括各个节点电压波动情况下的折算惩罚成本；The voltage fluctuation penalty cost includes the converted penalty cost under the voltage fluctuation condition of each node;
所述碳排放成本为低热值发电设备所排放的二氧化碳折算成本。The carbon emission cost is the converted cost of carbon dioxide emitted by low calorific value power generation equipment.
步骤3.2：指定优化运行模型系统的优化约束，包括：低热值发电机组出力约束、发电设备余热回收功率、低热值发电机组功率爬坡约束、储能装置运行约束、系统功率潮流约束、网络电压约束、系统安全约束。Step 3.2: Specify the optimization constraints of the optimization operation model system, including: output constraints of low calorific value generator sets, waste heat recovery power of power generation equipment, power ramp constraints of low calorific value generator sets, operation constraints of energy storage devices, system power flow constraints, network voltage constraints, and system safety constraints.
所述低热值发电机组出力约束为，判断机组出力值是否在其出力最小值与最大值之间；The output constraint of the low calorific value generator set is to determine whether the output value of the set is between its minimum output value and maximum output value;
式中，分别是低热值出力的下界和上界；In the formula, They are the lower and upper bounds of the low calorific value output respectively;
所述低热值发电设备余热回收功率为考虑低工业余热传输效率和循环效率的回收功率；The waste heat recovery power of the low calorific value power generation equipment is the recovery power that takes into account the low industrial waste heat transmission efficiency and circulation efficiency;
Pind,i,t＝μwholeQind,i,tPind,i,t = μwhole Qind,i,t
式中，Qind,i,t为t时间段第i个工业负荷的循环利用热量，μwhole为工业余热过程的循环效率；Where,Qind,i,t is the recycled heat of the i-th industrial load in time period t, and μwhole is the cycle efficiency of the industrial waste heat process;
所述系统功率潮流约束分为有功功率平衡约束以及无功功率平衡约束，有功功率平衡约束是保证有功负荷功率值与新能源机组出力、储能出力、主网输电、低热值发电机组出力之和相等，当从主网购电时，则主网输电>0，当向主网售电时，则主网输电<0，无功功率平衡约束是保证无功负荷功率值与主网输入无功功率与系统无功补偿设备补偿值相等；The system power flow constraint is divided into active power balance constraint and reactive power balance constraint. The active power balance constraint is to ensure that the active load power value is equal to the sum of the output of the new energy unit, the energy storage output, the main grid transmission, and the output of the low calorific value generator set. When purchasing electricity from the main grid, the main grid transmission>0, when selling electricity to the main grid, the main grid transmission<0. The reactive power balance constraint is to ensure that the reactive load power value is equal to the main grid input reactive power and the compensation value of the system reactive compensation equipment;
式中，π(i)是节点i的前项支路集合；δ(j)是节点i的后项支路集合；Pi,t是t时刻节点i流入的有功功率；δ(j)是节点i的后项支路集合；Pj,t是t时刻节点流入的有功功率；PW,t是t时刻风力发电机在i节点的出力；PPV,t是t时刻光伏电源在i节点的出力；PESS,t是t时刻储能装置在i节点的出力；Pind,t是t时刻低热值发电厂在i节点的工业余热回收功率；Pc,t是t时刻低热值发电厂在i节点的低热值燃料发电功率；Pe,t是t时刻i节点的外购电能功率；Qi,t是t时刻i节点流入的无功功率；Qj,t是t时刻j节点流入的无功功率；Qco,t是t时刻无功补偿设备在i节点补偿的无功功率；Wherein, π(i) is the set of the preceding branches of node i; δ(j) is the set of the succeeding branches of node i; Pi,t is the active power flowing into node i at time t; δ(j) is the set of the succeeding branches of node i; Pj,t is the active power flowing into the node at time t; PW,t is the output of the wind turbine at node i at time t; PPV,t is the output of the photovoltaic power source at node i at time t; PESS,t is the output of the energy storage device at node i at time t; Pind,t is the industrial waste heat recovery power of the low calorific value power plant at node i at time t; Pc,t is the low calorific value fuel power generation power of the low calorific value power plant at node i at time t; Pe,t is the purchased electric energy power of node i at time t; Qi,t is the reactive power flowing into node i at time t; Qj,t is the reactive power flowing into node j at time t; Qco,t is the reactive power compensated by the reactive compensation device at node i at time t;
所述低热值发电机组功率爬坡约束为相邻两个时刻低热值发电机组的输出功率差值的绝对值小于低热值发电机组功率爬坡上界；The power ramp constraint of the low calorific value generator set is that the absolute value of the output power difference of the low calorific value generator set at two adjacent moments is less than the power ramp upper limit of the low calorific value generator set;
式中，分别是低热值发电机组爬坡上界和下界；In the formula, They are the upper and lower limits of the ramping of low calorific value generators respectively;
所述储能装置运行约束包括三部分，(1)储能装置的日前充放电功率保证在其最小充放电功率以及最大充放电功率之间，(2)储能装置的储存电量保证在其最小储存电量以及最大储存电量之间，(3)储能装置在一个优化运行周期中储能装置的储存电量保持动态平衡；The energy storage device operation constraints include three parts: (1) the day-ahead charge and discharge power of the energy storage device is guaranteed to be between its minimum charge and discharge power and its maximum charge and discharge power; (2) the storage capacity of the energy storage device is guaranteed to be between its minimum storage capacity and its maximum storage capacity; (3) the storage capacity of the energy storage device is kept in dynamic balance during an optimized operation cycle;
Socmin≤Soct≤SocmaxSocmin ≤Soct ≤Socmax
Soc1＝SocTSoc1 = SocT
式中，Pb,t是储能装置的充放电功率；是储能装置最小充放电功率；是储能装置的最大充电功率；ηb是储能装置充放电效率；Soct是储能装置t时刻的储存电量；Socmin是储能装置最小储存电量；Socmax是储能装置最大储存电量；Soc1、SocT分别是初始时刻和最终时刻储存电量，Where Pb,t is the charging and discharging power of the energy storage device; is the minimum charging and discharging power of the energy storage device; is the maximum charging power of the energy storage device; ηb is the charging and discharging efficiency of the energy storage device; Soct is the storage capacity of the energy storage device at time t; Socmin is the minimum storage capacity of the energy storage device; Socmax is the maximum storage capacity of the energy storage device; Soc1 and SocT are the storage capacity at the initial moment and the final moment respectively.
所述系统安全约束包括两部分，各个节点电压安全约束，以及各个支路的潮流安全约束；The system safety constraints include two parts: voltage safety constraints of each node and power flow safety constraints of each branch;
其中，Vj,t是t时刻子节点电压；Vi,t是t时刻父节点电压；αi是变压器变比。Z是节点i与节点j之间存在变压器的支路集合；X是不包含调压变压器的线路集合。Where Vj,t is the voltage of the child node at time t; Vi,t is the voltage of the parent node at time t; αi is the transformer ratio. Z is the set of branches with transformers between nodes i and j; X is the set of lines that do not contain voltage-regulating transformers.
步骤4：基于已建立的低热值发电与新能源发电主动配电网优化模型，采用改进烟花算法，得到最优运行策略；Step 4: Based on the established low calorific value power generation and new energy power generation active distribution network optimization model, the improved fireworks algorithm is used to obtain the optimal operation strategy;
所述优化运行模型中，将上述步骤3.1建立的优化目标、3.2建立的优化约束、配电网参数以及分布式能源出力数据作为优化运行方法的基本框架，采用改进烟花算法对模型进行求最优解；In the optimization operation model, the optimization target established in step 3.1, the optimization constraints established in step 3.2, the distribution network parameters and the distributed energy output data are used as the basic framework of the optimization operation method, and the improved fireworks algorithm is used to find the optimal solution of the model;
对于有L个优化运行决策变量优化运行模型中，在烟花算法中编码为L维的烟花，随机N个L维的烟花初始群体，然后让群体中的每个烟花经历爆炸错误和变异操作，并应用映射规则保证变异后的个体仍处于可行域内，最后在保留最优适应度个体的前提下，应用随机选择策略从生成的所有烟花中选择下一代烟花群体，逐次迭代下去，通过交互传递信息使群体对环境的适应性逐代更新，从而求得模型的最优解。For the optimization operation model with L optimization operation decision variables, the fireworks are encoded as L-dimensional fireworks in the fireworks algorithm, and a random initial population of N L-dimensional fireworks is generated. Then each firework in the population is subjected to explosion errors and mutation operations, and the mapping rules are applied to ensure that the mutated individuals are still in the feasible domain. Finally, under the premise of retaining the individuals with the best fitness, the random selection strategy is applied to select the next generation of fireworks from all the generated fireworks. The iterations are repeated, and the adaptability of the population to the environment is updated from generation to generation through interactive information transmission, so as to obtain the optimal solution of the model.
步骤5：在上位机中建立主动配电网优化运行系统，实现上位机对含低热值发电和分布式电源的配电网的监控和控制。Step 5: Establish an active distribution network optimization operation system in the host computer to enable the host computer to monitor and control the distribution network containing low calorific value power generation and distributed power sources.
本发明所产生的有益效果在于：The beneficial effects of the present invention are:
本技术方案提供了一种含低热值发电和分布式电源的配电网优化运行系统及方法，具有以下优点：This technical solution provides a distribution network optimization operation system and method including low calorific value power generation and distributed power supply, which has the following advantages:
(1)本发明将低热值发电装置与配电网优化运行相结合，通过回收工业余热和燃烧低热值燃料获得低热值气体，通过有机朗肯循环过程对能源进行回收利用，有效利用低热值资源，提高了能源的利用效率，节约成本。(1) The present invention combines a low calorific value power generation device with the optimized operation of a distribution network, obtains low calorific value gas by recovering industrial waste heat and burning low calorific value fuel, recycles energy through an organic Rankine cycle process, effectively utilizes low calorific value resources, improves energy utilization efficiency, and saves costs.
(2)本发明建立了一种含低热值发电和分布式电源的配电网优化运行方法，尤其建立了低热值发电的发电成本以及碳排放成本模型，考虑了整个模型的碳排放量和碳交易市场，具有现实意义。(2) The present invention establishes a method for optimizing the operation of a distribution network containing low calorific value power generation and distributed power sources, and in particular establishes a power generation cost and carbon emission cost model for low calorific value power generation, taking into account the carbon emissions and carbon trading market of the entire model, which has practical significance.
(3)本发明所提出的优化运行模型将电力网络的电压偏差惩罚与网络损耗加入到目标函数中，将优化运行的最优潮流模型考虑到优化运行目标中，保证了优化运行过程中电力网络的安全与稳定。(3) The optimization operation model proposed in the present invention adds the voltage deviation penalty and network loss of the power network into the objective function, and takes the optimal power flow model of the optimization operation into consideration in the optimization operation target, thus ensuring the safety and stability of the power network during the optimization operation process.
(4)本发明所提出的含低热值发电和风光分布式新能源的主动配电网优化运行方法及系统，提高了新能源的利用率，减少了弃风、弃光现象，进一步扩大了新能源的消纳空间。(4) The method and system for optimizing the operation of an active distribution network containing low calorific value power generation and wind and solar distributed renewable energy proposed in the present invention improves the utilization rate of renewable energy, reduces the phenomenon of wind and solar abandonment, and further expands the space for the absorption of renewable energy.
(5)本发明设计的系统，将采集的各个装置的运行数据、报警信息、优化控制信息等进行实时监控，并显示在上位机界面上。(5) The system designed by the present invention monitors the collected operating data, alarm information, optimization control information, etc. of each device in real time and displays them on the upper computer interface.
附图说明BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
图1为本发明实施方式中的配电网优化运行系统结构示意图；FIG1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a distribution network optimization operation system in an embodiment of the present invention;
图2为本发明实施方式中的配电网优化运行方法示意图；FIG2 is a schematic diagram of a method for optimizing operation of a distribution network in an embodiment of the present invention;
图3为本发明实施方式中的改进烟花算法流图；FIG3 is a flow chart of an improved fireworks algorithm in an embodiment of the present invention;
图4为本发明实施方式中的含低热值发电和风光分布式新能源的主动配电网优化运行系统上位机系统登录及访问流程图；4 is a flowchart of logging into and accessing the host computer system of the active distribution network optimization operation system containing low calorific value power generation and wind and solar distributed new energy in an embodiment of the present invention;
图5为本发明实施方式中的含低热值发电和风光分布式新能源的主动配电网优化运行系统上位机系统数据采集界面；5 is a data acquisition interface of the host computer system of the active distribution network optimization operation system containing low calorific value power generation and wind and solar distributed new energy in the implementation mode of the present invention;
图6为本发明实施方式中的含低热值发电和风光分布式新能源的主动配电网优化运行系统上位机电力网络潮流监控界面；6 is a power network flow monitoring interface of a host computer of an active distribution network optimization operation system containing low calorific value power generation and wind and solar distributed new energy in an embodiment of the present invention;
图7为本发明实施方式中的含低热值发电和风光分布式新能源的主动配电网优化运行系统上位机设备运行监控界面；7 is a diagram showing an operation monitoring interface of a host computer device of an active distribution network optimization operation system including low calorific value power generation and wind and solar distributed new energy in an embodiment of the present invention;
图8为本发明实施方式中的含低热值发电和风光分布式新能源的主动配电网优化运行系统上位机设备运行控制界面。FIG8 is a diagram showing an operation control interface of a host computer device of an active distribution network optimization operation system including low calorific value power generation and wind and solar distributed new energy in an embodiment of the present invention.
具体实施方式DETAILED DESCRIPTION
下面结合附图和实施例，对本发明的具体实施方式作进一步详细描述。以下实施例用于说明本发明，但不用来限制本发明的范围。The specific implementation of the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and examples. The following examples are used to illustrate the present invention, but are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
步骤1：本实施例的含低热值发电和风光分布式新能源的主动配电网优化运行方法及系统的网络拓扑图示意图如图1所示。光伏发电、风力发电、储能设备通过逆变器装置与电网母线相连，电力负荷通过降压变压器与电网母线相连，低热值发电厂直接与电网母线相连，同时具有为负荷供给电能和平抑分布式能源对母线电压带来的波动两个作用。低热值发电机组、风力发电机组、储能装置、负荷数据通过通信设备将数据上传至能量管理系统，能量管理系统通过智能算法计算出最优运行策略，策略调度信息反馈至各个装置。Step 1: The network topology diagram of the method and system for optimizing the operation of the active distribution network containing low calorific value power generation and wind and solar distributed new energy in this embodiment is shown in Figure 1. Photovoltaic power generation, wind power generation, and energy storage equipment are connected to the grid bus through an inverter device, and the power load is connected to the grid bus through a step-down transformer. The low calorific value power plant is directly connected to the grid bus, and it has two functions: supplying electricity to the load and smoothing the fluctuations caused by distributed energy to the bus voltage. Low calorific value generators, wind generators, energy storage devices, and load data upload data to the energy management system through communication equipment. The energy management system calculates the optimal operation strategy through an intelligent algorithm, and the strategy scheduling information is fed back to each device.
步骤2：本实施例中，低热值发电设备同时考虑碳排放成本及低热值燃料成本，在生产过程中，若生产企业实际的碳排放量高于其分配额，则需要从碳交易市场购买碳排放权限，增加企业的碳交易成本；若碳排放量低于分配额度，则能够从在碳交易市市场出售额度来获取收益。上述规则基于市场模型下限定低热发电碳排放量，实现环保供电。总的碳排放量为：Step 2: In this embodiment, low calorific value power generation equipment considers both carbon emission costs and low calorific value fuel costs. During the production process, if the actual carbon emissions of the production enterprise are higher than its allocated quota, it is necessary to purchase carbon emission rights from the carbon trading market, increasing the carbon trading costs of the enterprise; if the carbon emissions are lower than the allocated quota, it can obtain income by selling the quota in the carbon trading market. The above rules limit the carbon emissions of low calorific value power generation based on the market model to achieve environmentally friendly power supply. The total carbon emissions are:
ES＝Ee+EcES = Ee + Ec
式中：Ee是从大电网外购电能碳排放量；Ec是低热发电装置碳排放量。Where:Ee is the carbon emissions from purchasing electricity from the large power grid;Ec is the carbon emissions from low-temperature power generation equipment.
碳排放附加成本为：The additional cost of carbon emissions is:
式中：是单位碳排放市场折算成本；E0是碳排放权分配额度。Where: is the unit carbon emission market conversion cost;E0 is the carbon emission rights allocation quota.
由于外购电能主要为火电，外购电能碳排放量折算为传统火电碳排放量，则碳排放量与功率关系：Since the purchased electricity is mainly thermal power, the carbon emissions of purchased electricity are converted into carbon emissions of traditional thermal power. The relationship between carbon emissions and power is:
式中：a1、b1、c1是传统火电碳折算系数；Pe,t是t时间段外网购电功率，，T为系统运行周期；Where: a1 , b1 , c1 are the carbon conversion coefficients of traditional thermal power; Pe,t is the power purchased from the grid outside the time period t, and T is the system operation cycle;
低热值发电机组碳排放主要由两部分组成，一个是低热值燃料产生，另一部分是工业余热循环利用产生，其碳排放量与低热值燃料发电功率关系和工业余热循环功率关系：The carbon emissions of low calorific value generators are mainly composed of two parts, one is generated by low calorific value fuels, and the other is generated by industrial waste heat recycling. The relationship between its carbon emissions and the power generation of low calorific value fuels and the power of industrial waste heat recycling is as follows:
式中：a2、b2、c2是低热值发电碳折算系数；Pc,t是t时间段低热值发电机组发出功率；e是工业负荷功率折算碳排放量；Pind,i,t是t时间段第i个工业负荷的循环利用功率；A是工业负荷总数。In the formula:a2 ,b2 ,c2 are the carbon conversion coefficients of low calorific value power generation;Pc,t is the power generated by the low calorific value generator set in time period t; e is the carbon emissions converted from industrial load power;Pind,i,t is the recycled power of the i-th industrial load in time period t; A is the total number of industrial loads.
低热值机组设备存在启停工作装填，所述机组启停成本公式如下：Low calorific value unit equipment has start-up and shutdown work loading, and the start-up and shutdown cost formula of the unit is as follows:
式中，n为低热值机组数量，T为系统运行周期，Si为机组i的开机成本，ui,t为机组i在t时刻的启停状态，为1表示开机态，为0表示停机态。Where n is the number of low calorific value units, T is the system operation cycle, Si is the startup cost of unit i, and ui,t is the start-up and shutdown status of unit i at time t, where 1 indicates the startup state and 0 indicates the shutdown state.
其中Pind,i,t对应的t时间段第i个工业负荷的循环利用热量Qind,i,t，有如下关系式：Among them,Pind,i,t corresponds to the recycling heatQind,i,t of the i-th industrial load in time period t, which has the following relationship:
Pind,i,t＝μwholeQind,i,tPind,i,t = μwhole Qind,i,t
式中：μwhole是工业余热转化效率。Where: μwhole is the industrial waste heat conversion efficiency.
为了获得准确的转化效率，将余热回收过程的有机朗肯循环分成以下四个过程分析：In order to obtain accurate conversion efficiency, the organic Rankine cycle of the waste heat recovery process is divided into the following four processes for analysis:
(1)泵机绝缘加热过程，在这个过程中，凝结后的液态有机工质进入加压泵，通过加压泵提高有机工质的压力并将其送至蒸发器，该过程泵机消耗的能量为：(1) Pump insulation heating process. In this process, the condensed liquid organic working fluid enters the booster pump, which increases the pressure of the organic working fluid and sends it to the evaporator. The energy consumed by the pump in this process is:
式中：ηP是泵机效率；m是工质在这段时间的流量；s1、s2分别是绝缘加压过程初始状态和最终状态的焓值。Where: ηP is the pump efficiency; m is the flow rate of the working fluid during this period; s1 and s2 are the enthalpy values of the initial state and the final state of the insulation pressurization process, respectively.
(2)蒸发器内定向加热过程，在这个过程中，工质进入蒸发器后，先后经过冷状态、饱和状态、过热状态，最后成为过热蒸汽，期间工质吸收的热量为：(2) Directional heating process in the evaporator. In this process, after the working fluid enters the evaporator, it goes through the cold state, saturated state, superheated state, and finally becomes superheated steam. During this period, the heat absorbed by the working fluid is:
q＝m(s3-s2)q＝m(s3 -s2 )
其中，s2、s3分别是蒸发器内定向加热过程初始状态和最终状态的焓值，进入绝热膨胀过程，s3同时也是绝热绝热膨胀过程初始状态。Among them, s2 and s3 are the enthalpy values of the initial state and the final state of the directional heating process in the evaporator, respectively, and enter the adiabatic expansion process. S3 is also the initial state of the adiabatic expansion process.
(3)绝热膨胀过程，在这个过程中，有机工质蒸汽的内能转化为透平的轴功，该过程对外输出工为：(3) Adiabatic expansion process. In this process, the internal energy of the organic working fluid steam is converted into the shaft work of the turbine. The external output work of this process is:
Wt＝mηP(s3-s4)Wt ＝mηP (s3 -s4 )
其中，s4是绝热膨胀过程最终状态的焓值；ηP是透平工作效率。Among them,s4 is the enthalpy value of the final state of the adiabatic expansion process;ηP is the turbine working efficiency.
(4)定向冷凝过程，在这个过程中，透平尾部的乏气在冷凝器中经历预冷、冷凝和过冷三个过程，最后冷凝为冷凝液，该过程消耗的能量为Wf，工质的焓值由s4变为s1。(4) Directional condensation process. In this process, the exhaust gas at the tail of the turbine undergoes three processes in the condenser: precooling, condensation and subcooling, and finally condenses into condensate. The energy consumed in this process is Wf , and the enthalpy value of the working fluid changes from s4 to s1 .
在整个有机朗肯循环过程中，整个系统的净输出功率：During the entire organic Rankine cycle, the net output power of the entire system is:
Wl＝We-Qb-WfWl = We- Qb - Wf
有机朗肯循环过程效率为：The efficiency of the organic Rankine cycle process is:
其中，s1、s2、s3、s4由低热值发电循环设备本身决定。Among them, s1 , s2 , s3 and s4 are determined by the low calorific value power generation cycle equipment itself.
上述过程余热回收过程中的有机朗循环提取余热能量的功率，考虑工业余热传输过程中的热效率η2，整个工业余热过程的循环效率是：The power of the organic Lang cycle in the waste heat recovery process in the above process to extract waste heat energy, considering the thermal efficiency η2 in the industrial waste heat transmission process, the cycle efficiency of the entire industrial waste heat process is:
μwhole＝μ1μ2μwhole ＝μ1 μ2
工业余热实际回收的电功率为：The actual electrical power recovered from industrial waste heat is:
Pind,i,t＝μ1μ2Qind,i,tPind,i,t =μ1 μ2 Qind,i,t
该功率为低热值发电设备通过有机朗肯循环将工业余热转化为电功率的实际值。This power is the actual value of low calorific value power generation equipment converting industrial waste heat into electrical power through the organic Rankine cycle.
针对低热值发电成本与外网购电成本，分别有如下关系：The relationship between the cost of low calorific value power generation and the cost of purchasing electricity from the external grid is as follows:
F3＝Fe+FcF3 ＝Fe +Fc
式中：dt是t时间段外购电能电价；Fe是外购电能成本；a3、b3、c3是低热值燃料发电成本系数；Fc是低热值发电设备成本；F3是外购电能与低热值发电成本之和。In the formula: dt is the electricity price of purchased electricity in time period t;Fe is the cost of purchased electricity; a3 , b3 , c3 are the cost coefficients of low calorific value fuel power generation; Fc is the cost of low calorific value power generation equipment; F3 is the sum of the cost of purchased electricity and low calorific value power generation.
针对优化模型中的分布式能源，为保证整个系统的安全稳定运行，需要满足整个系统的安全约束。因此，存在弃风、弃光的情况，考虑分布式能源的弃风弃光惩罚成本来确保分布式能源尽可能消纳。弃光、弃风惩罚成本：For the distributed energy in the optimization model, in order to ensure the safe and stable operation of the entire system, the safety constraints of the entire system need to be met. Therefore, there are situations where wind and solar power are abandoned. The penalty cost of wind and solar power abandonment of distributed energy is considered to ensure that distributed energy is absorbed as much as possible. Penalty cost of wind and solar power abandonment:
F4＝αpw(Pp′w-Ppw)+αpv(Pp′v-Ppv)F4 =αpw (Pp ′w -Ppw ) + αpv (Pp ′v -Ppv )
式中：αpw、αpv分别是弃风、弃光折算成本系数；Ppw、Ppv分别是风电、光伏实际接入电网中的功率；Pp′w、Pp′v分别是风电、光伏实际发出的功率。当系统中的分布式能源全部消纳时，弃风弃光惩罚成本为0。Where: αpw and αpv are the cost coefficients for wind and solar power abandonment, respectively; Ppw and Ppv are the actual power of wind power and photovoltaic power connected to the grid, respectively; Pp ′w and Pp ′v are the actual power generated by wind power and photovoltaic power, respectively. When all distributed energy in the system is absorbed, the penalty cost for wind and solar power abandonment is 0.
针对优化运行模型中的电力网络模型，由两部分组成，分别是电压偏差最小化和网络损耗最小化两部分。The power network model in the optimization operation model consists of two parts, namely, minimizing voltage deviation and minimizing network loss.
电力网络中保证各个节点的电压偏差尽可能的减小，将的电压偏差惩罚成本加入优化模型中：In the power network, the voltage deviation of each node is ensured to be reduced as much as possible, and the voltage deviation penalty cost is added to the optimization model:
式中：Z是电力网络中所有节点的集合；c5是电压波动惩罚折算系数；Vn,t是配电网n节点的电压值；VN是配电网节点额定电压值。Where: Z is the set of all nodes in the power network; c5 is the voltage fluctuation penalty conversion coefficient; Vn,t is the voltage value of the n-node in the distribution network; VN is the rated voltage value of the distribution network node.
应该最小化运行网损，使电力系统工作在最小网损的最优潮流模型中。The operating network loss should be minimized so that the power system can work in the optimal power flow model with minimum network loss.
式中，T是整个优化运行周期；X是电网的所有支路集合；c6是网损折算成本系数；Iij,t是电力线路段(i,j)在t时刻的电流；rij是线路(i,j)的电阻值。Where, T is the entire optimization operation cycle; X is the set of all branches of the power grid; c6 is the network loss reduction cost coefficient; Iij,t is the current of the power line segment (i, j) at time t; rij is the resistance value of the line (i, j).
步骤3：本实施例中，含低热值发电和风光分布式新能源的主动配电网优化运行模型包括模型的目标函数以及约束。Step 3: In this embodiment, the active distribution network optimization operation model including low calorific value power generation and wind and solar distributed new energy includes the objective function and constraints of the model.
所述运行成本包括低热值燃料成本、分布式放电装置维护成本及储能装置维护成本；系统损耗包括考虑安全运行环境下的弃风、弃光成本和网络损耗成本；碳排放成本为低热值发电设备所排放的二氧化碳折算成本；电压波动惩罚成本为各个节点电压与节点额定电压之差的折算惩罚成本。系统优化运行的目标函数：The operating costs include low calorific value fuel costs, distributed discharge device maintenance costs and energy storage device maintenance costs; system losses include wind and solar abandonment costs and network loss costs under safe operating conditions; carbon emission costs are the converted costs of carbon dioxide emitted by low calorific value power generation equipment; voltage fluctuation penalty costs are the converted penalty costs of the difference between each node voltage and the node rated voltage. Objective function of system optimization operation:
min(F1+F2+F3+F4+F5+F6)min(F1 +F2 +F3 +F4 +F5 +F6 )
指定优化运行模型系统约束。包括：低热值发电机组出力约束、储能装置运行约束、系统功率潮流约束、网络电压约束、系统安全约束。Specify the system constraints of the optimization operation model, including: output constraints of low calorific value generators, operation constraints of energy storage devices, system power flow constraints, network voltage constraints, and system safety constraints.
所述低热值发电机组出力约束包括两部分，分别是低热值发电机组的出力安全约束以及低热值发电机组的爬坡约束。其表达式如下：The output constraint of the low calorific value generator set includes two parts, namely, the output safety constraint of the low calorific value generator set and the climbing constraint of the low calorific value generator set. The expression is as follows:
式中，分别是低热值出力的下界和上界；分别是低热值发电机组爬坡上界和下界。In the formula, They are the lower and upper bounds of the low calorific value output respectively; They are the upper and lower limits of the climbing capacity of low calorific value generator sets respectively.
所述优化运行模型中，储能装置存在充电和放电两种状态，所述储能装置的运行模型如下：In the optimization operation model, the energy storage device has two states: charging and discharging. The operation model of the energy storage device is as follows:
Socmin≤Soct≤SocmaxSocmin ≤Soct ≤Socmax
Soc1＝SocTSoc1 = SocT
式中，Pb,t是储能装置的充放电功率；是储能装置最小充放电功率；是储能装置的最大充电功率；ηb是储能装置充放电效率；Soct是储能装置t时刻的储存电量；Socmin是储能装置最小储存电量；Socmax是储能装置最大储存电量；Soc1、SocT分别是初始时刻和最终时刻储存电量，为保证系统稳定长期高效运行，在一个优化运行周期中储能装置的储存电量保持动态平衡。Where Pb,t is the charging and discharging power of the energy storage device; is the minimum charging and discharging power of the energy storage device; is the maximum charging power of the energy storage device; ηb is the charging and discharging efficiency of the energy storage device; Soct is the storage capacity of the energy storage device at time t; Socmin is the minimum storage capacity of the energy storage device; Socmax is the maximum storage capacity of the energy storage device; Soc1 and SocT are the storage capacity at the initial moment and the final moment respectively. In order to ensure the stable, long-term and efficient operation of the system, the storage capacity of the energy storage device maintains a dynamic balance in an optimized operation cycle.
所述优化运行模型中，通过支路潮流法描述电力系统的潮流约束；In the optimization operation model, the power flow constraints of the power system are described by the branch power flow method;
式中，π(i)是节点i的前项支路集合；δ(j)是节点i的后项支路集合；Pi,t是t时刻节点i流入的有功功率；δ(j)是节点i的后项支路集合；Pj,t是t时刻节点流入的有功功率；PW,t是t时刻风力发电机在i节点的出力；PPV,t是t时刻光伏电源在i节点的出力；PESS,t是t时刻储能装置在i节点的出力；Pind,t是t时刻低热值发电厂在i节点的工业余热回收功率；Pc,t是t时刻低热值发电厂在i节点的低热值燃料发电功率；Pe,t是t时刻i节点的外购电能功率；Qi,t是t时刻i节点流入的无功功率；Qj,t是t时刻j节点流入的无功功率；Qco,t是t时刻无功补偿设备在i节点补偿的无功功率。当整个电力网络中某个节点不存在光伏、风电、低热值发电、储能、无功补偿时，该节点对应的PW,t、PPV,t、PESS,t、Qco,t分别为0；Wherein, π(i) is the set of the preceding branches of node i; δ(j) is the set of the succeeding branches of node i; Pi,t is the active power flowing into node i at time t; δ(j) is the set of the succeeding branches of node i; Pj,t is the active power flowing into the node at time t;PW,t is the output of the wind turbine at node i at time t;PPV,t is the output of the photovoltaic power source at node i at time t;PESS,t is the output of the energy storage device at node i at time t;Pind,t is the industrial waste heat recovery power of the low calorific value power plant at node i at time t;Pc,t is the low calorific value fuel power generation power of the low calorific value power plant at node i at time t;Pe,t is the purchased electric energy power of node i at time t; Qi,t is the reactive power flowing into node i at time t; Qj,t is the reactive power flowing into node j at time t;Qco,t is the reactive power compensated by the reactive compensation device at node i at time t. When there is no photovoltaic, wind power, low calorific value power generation, energy storage, or reactive power compensation at a node in the entire power network, the PW,t , PPV,t , PESS,t , and Qco,t corresponding to the node are 0 respectively;
所述优化运行模型中，构建整个电力网络相邻节点的电压模型数学关系，子节点电压与父节点之间的电压关系如下所示：In the optimization operation model, a mathematical relationship of the voltage model of adjacent nodes in the entire power network is constructed, and the voltage relationship between the child node voltage and the parent node voltage is as follows:
其中，Vj,t是t时刻子节点电压；Vi,t是t时刻父节点电压；αi是变压器变比。Z是节点i与节点j之间存在变压器的支路集合；X是不包含调压变压器的线路集合。Where Vj,t is the voltage of the child node at time t; Vi,t is the voltage of the parent node at time t; αi is the transformer ratio. Z is the set of branches with transformers between nodes i and j; X is the set of lines that do not contain voltage-regulating transformers.
所述优化运行模型中，为保证系统安全稳定运行，给出如下安全稳定约束：In the optimization operation model, in order to ensure the safe and stable operation of the system, the following safety and stability constraints are given:
其中，P、分别是各个支路潮流的下界和上界；Pe、分别是外购电能的上界与下界；V、分别是节点电压稳定裕度的上界和下界，其对应的标幺值分别是0.95和1.05；I、分别是支路电流的上界和下界。Among them,P , are the lower and upper bounds of the currentsin each branch respectively;Pe , are the upper and lower bounds of purchased electricity respectively;V , are the upper and lower bounds of the node voltage stability margin, and their corresponding per-unit values are 0.95 and 1.05 respectively;I , are the upper and lower bounds of the branch current respectively.
步骤4：基于已建立的含低热值发电和风光分布式新能源的主动配电网优化运行模型，采用改进的烟花算法，得到最优运行策略。将上述建立优化目标、优化约束以及系统参数以及分布式能源出力数据作为优化运行策略及方法的基本框架，采用改进烟花算法对模型进行求解，含低热值发电和风光分布式新能源的主动配电网优化运行流程图如图2所示，改进烟花算法的初始化是随机生成N个烟花的过程，需要对生成的这N个烟花应用爆炸算子，以产生新的火花。爆炸算子是改进烟花算法的核心，包括爆炸强度、爆炸幅度和位移三个参数。Step 4: Based on the established optimization operation model of active distribution network containing low calorific value power generation and wind and solar distributed renewable energy, the improved fireworks algorithm is used to obtain the optimal operation strategy. The above-mentioned optimization objectives, optimization constraints, system parameters and distributed energy output data are used as the basic framework of the optimization operation strategy and method. The improved fireworks algorithm is used to solve the model. The optimization operation flow chart of active distribution network containing low calorific value power generation and wind and solar distributed renewable energy is shown in Figure 2. The initialization of the improved fireworks algorithm is the process of randomly generating N fireworks. The explosion operator needs to be applied to the generated N fireworks to generate new sparks. The explosion operator is the core of the improved fireworks algorithm, including three parameters: explosion intensity, explosion amplitude and displacement.
烟花算法的过程中，烟花爆炸产生的火花数量和爆炸的幅度范围定义为：During the fireworks algorithm, the number of sparks generated by the fireworks explosion and the range of the explosion amplitude are defined as:
其中：Si是第i个烟花产生的火花数；m是限制火花产生总数的系数；Ai是第i个烟花爆炸幅度范围；A是限制火花最大爆炸幅度的系数；Ymax是当前烟花中适应度最差的个体；Ymin是当前烟花中适应度最好的个体。Among them: Si is the number of sparks produced by the i-th firework; m is the coefficient that limits the total number of sparks produced; Ai is the explosion amplitude range of the i-th firework; A is the coefficient that limits the maximum explosion amplitude of the spark; Ymax is the individual with the worst fitness in the current firework; Ymin is the individual with the best fitness in the current firework.
为限制烟花爆炸过程中产生的火花数量过多或过少，为每个烟花设置火花数量的限制表达式：In order to prevent too many or too few sparks from being generated during the explosion of fireworks, set a limit expression for the number of sparks for each firework:
其中：round()是四舍五入的取整函数；a,b是给定参数。Among them: round() is the rounding function; a, b are given parameters.
在爆炸操作的过程中，烟花在爆炸幅度Ai内进行Si次随机位移产生个Si火花的过程，每次位移的表达式为：During the explosion operation, the fireworks makeSi random displacements within the explosion amplitudeAi to produceSi sparks. The expression for each displacement is:
其中：是第i个烟在第k维的位置；rand(0,Ai)是0到Ai之间的随机数；k是烟花的维度。in: is the position of the i-th smoke in the k-th dimension; rand(0,Ai ) is a random number between 0 and Ai ; k is the dimension of the firework.
通过柯西变异实现算法的变异操作，避免局部最优值对算法迭代过程中的干扰。The mutation operation of the algorithm is realized through Cauchy mutation to avoid the interference of local optimal values in the algorithm iteration process.
其中，是是当前烟花种群在第k维的最优位置；X服从标准柯西分布，即：in, is the optimal position of the current fireworks population in the kth dimension; X obeys the standard Cauchy distribution, that is:
X～C(1,0)X～C(1,0)
改进烟花算法中，爆炸操作和变异操作可能会使火花在某一维度k上超出边界，需要排除。通过映射规则将越界火花映射到可行域内，确保每个个体落在可行解空间内。通过下式表示映射关系。In the improved fireworks algorithm, the explosion operation and mutation operation may cause the spark to exceed the boundary in a certain dimension k, which needs to be eliminated. The out-of-bounds sparks are mapped to the feasible domain through the mapping rule to ensure that each individual falls within the feasible solution space. The mapping relationship is expressed by the following formula.
其中，和分别表示模型的上边界和下边界；mod是取余数的模函数；两个公式分别针对火花超过下边界和上边界的情况。in, and They represent the upper and lower boundaries of the model respectively; mod is the modulus function of the remainder; the two formulas are respectively for the situation where the spark exceeds the lower and upper boundaries.
改进烟花算法开始迭代，依次经过爆炸算子、变异算子、映射规则和选择策略，满足优化精度时算法终止。算法的流程图如图3所示，具体包括以下几个步骤。The improved fireworks algorithm starts to iterate, passing through the explosion operator, mutation operator, mapping rule and selection strategy in turn, and the algorithm terminates when the optimization accuracy is met. The flowchart of the algorithm is shown in Figure 3, which specifically includes the following steps.
(1)在特定解空间内随机生成烟花，每个烟花代表一个解空间；(1) Randomly generate fireworks in a specific solution space, each firework represents a solution space;
(2)通过适应度函数计算每个函数的适应度值，依据得到的适应度产生新的火花；(2) Calculate the fitness value of each function through the fitness function, and generate new sparks based on the obtained fitness;
(3)对烟花进行柯西变异，保证种群的多样性；(3) Perform Cauchy mutation on fireworks to ensure population diversity;
(4)计算种群最优个体，判断是否满足收敛依据。(4) Calculate the optimal individual in the population and determine whether the convergence criteria are met.
基于步骤3已建立含低热值发电和风光分布式新能源的主动配电网优化模型，通过改进烟花算法得到各个控制装置运行策略。所述优化模型中的系统数据传输之上位机，上位机通过调用改进烟花算法进行优化运行，将优化运行结果传输至低热值发电厂、储能装置控制、分布式能源接入控制。Based on step 3, an active distribution network optimization model containing low calorific value power generation and wind and solar distributed new energy has been established, and the operation strategy of each control device is obtained by improving the fireworks algorithm. The system data in the optimization model is transmitted to the host computer, which performs optimization operation by calling the improved fireworks algorithm, and transmits the optimization operation results to the low calorific value power plant, energy storage device control, and distributed energy access control.
步骤5：建立用户登录模块、数据采集模块、设备运行状态监测模块、电网络潮流模块、设备运行控制模块，实现上位机对系统的监控和控制；Step 5: Establish user login module, data acquisition module, equipment operation status monitoring module, power network flow module, and equipment operation control module to realize the monitoring and control of the system by the host computer;
所述用户登录模块识别用户登录权限，完成用户的访问操作，流程图如图4所示；首先对用户进行身份认证，判断用户是否满足登录权限，通过权限验证后进入系统首页；在系统首页，根据实际需求，选择相应的功能：数据采集显示、设备运行状态、电网络潮流与设备运行控制等信息；上述功能分别调用系统中与之对应的功能模块，并将内容显示在系统界面上。The user login module identifies the user's login authority and completes the user's access operation. The flow chart is shown in Figure 4; first, the user's identity is authenticated to determine whether the user meets the login authority, and the user enters the system homepage after passing the authority verification; on the system homepage, according to actual needs, the corresponding function is selected: data acquisition display, equipment operation status, power network flow and equipment operation control and other information; the above functions respectively call the corresponding functional modules in the system and display the content on the system interface.
本实施例的系统界面图如图5-8所示，所述界面包含四个功能查询的入口：数据采集模块入口、设备运行状态监测入口、电网络潮流入口、多设备运行控制入口。风力模块支路、光伏模块支路上设置有功率传感器，所述支路功率传感器用于检测风机、光伏支路电流、电压以及功率，低热值发电机组支路上设置有功率传感器，工业余热回收线路设置有流量及温度传感器，储能装置支路上设置有储能变流器以及2个功率传感器，所述储能变流器的主要作用是将交流电转换为直流电，所述2个储能装置支路功率传感器分别用于检测未经变流器变流前的支路电流、电压、功率以及经变流器变流后的支路电流、电压以及功率，常规负荷支路上设置有功率传感器，所述常规负荷支路功率传感器用于检测常规负荷支路电流、电压以及功率。所述系统电网线路各个节点连接有低热值发电厂机组、储能装置、常规负荷以及可循环工业负荷，各个节点支路上支路上设置有功率传感器，所述支路功率传感器用于检测电网支路电流、电压以及功率。The system interface diagram of this embodiment is shown in Figures 5-8, and the interface includes four function query entrances: data acquisition module entrance, equipment operation status monitoring entrance, power network flow entrance, and multi-device operation control entrance. Power sensors are provided on the wind module branch and photovoltaic module branch. The branch power sensors are used to detect the current, voltage and power of the wind turbine and photovoltaic branch. The low calorific value generator set branch is provided with a power sensor. The industrial waste heat recovery line is provided with a flow and temperature sensor. The energy storage device branch is provided with an energy storage converter and two power sensors. The main function of the energy storage converter is to convert AC power into DC power. The two energy storage device branch power sensors are used to detect the branch current, voltage, power before the converter is converted and the branch current, voltage and power after the converter is converted. The conventional load branch is provided with a power sensor. The conventional load branch power sensor is used to detect the conventional load branch current, voltage and power. Each node of the system power grid line is connected to a low calorific value power plant unit, an energy storage device, a conventional load and a cyclic industrial load, and each node branch is provided with a power sensor, and the branch power sensor is used to detect the current, voltage and power of the power grid branch.
所述数据采集模块用于接收采集到的风机、火电机组、工业负荷、常规负荷、储能装置的运行数据；The data acquisition module is used to receive the collected operation data of the fan, thermal power unit, industrial load, conventional load and energy storage device;
所述电网络潮流模块用来记录电力网络中关键节点的实时电压数据以及关键线路的功率潮流数据，用来监测电力网络的运行情况。The power network flow module is used to record the real-time voltage data of key nodes in the power network and the power flow data of key lines, and is used to monitor the operation of the power network.
所述设备运行状态监测模块提供低热值发电设备与储能设备运行状态查询功能，调用数据显示与存储模块存储的设备运行状态数据，根据实际的需求，在指定的时间显示指定装置或者全部装置的运行数据；The equipment operation status monitoring module provides the low calorific value power generation equipment and energy storage equipment operation status query function, calls the equipment operation status data stored in the data display and storage module, and displays the operation data of the specified device or all devices at the specified time according to actual needs;
所述设备运行控制模块根据改进烟花算法对优化模型进行运算得到的系统运行策略控制系统储能、低热值发电厂出力值，控制故障模块接入接出；The equipment operation control module controls the system energy storage and the output value of the low calorific value power plant by calculating the system operation strategy of the optimization model according to the improved fireworks algorithm, and controls the access and disconnection of the fault module;
所述数据显示与存储模块将采集的数据推送到数据库进行存储并显示，具体显示方式如下：The data display and storage module pushes the collected data to the database for storage and display. The specific display method is as follows:
采用曲线图的方式对采集的风机、光伏、储能装置、常规负荷、工业负荷、余热循环、低热值燃烧发电数据进行显示，其中横坐标为时间，纵坐标分别为每台风机、光伏、储能装置、常规负荷、余热循环、低热值机组的功率值；The collected data of wind turbines, photovoltaics, energy storage devices, conventional loads, industrial loads, waste heat cycles, and low calorific value combustion power generation are displayed in the form of curve graphs, where the horizontal axis is time and the vertical axis is the power value of each wind turbine, photovoltaic, energy storage device, conventional load, waste heat cycle, and low calorific value unit;
采用曲线图的方式对优化模型中各个装置的调控信息进行显示，其中横坐标为时间，纵坐标分别为对应时间的各个装置的出力值。The control information of each device in the optimization model is displayed in the form of a curve graph, where the horizontal axis is time and the vertical axis is the output value of each device at the corresponding time.
最后应说明的是：以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案，而非对其限制；尽管参照前述实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解：其依然可以对前述实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改，或者对其中部分或者全部技术特征进行等同替换；而这些修改或者替换，并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本发明权利要求所限定的范围。Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or make equivalent replacements for some or all of the technical features therein. However, these modifications or replacements do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope defined by the claims of the present invention.
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