CN113134617B - Plasma spheroidization deoxidation 3D printing metal powder preparation device - Google Patents
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Abstract
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Description
Translated fromChinese技术领域technical field
本发明属于3D打印金属粉体制备技术领域，特别涉及一种等离子球化脱氧3D打印金属粉体制备设备。The invention belongs to the technical field of 3D printing metal powder preparation, and in particular relates to a plasma spheroidization deoxidation 3D printing metal powder preparation equipment.
背景技术Background technique
近年来，国内外增材制造技术迅速发展，加工方法、设备、技术都在不断革新优化，原材料品质和性能的提高已经成为促进增材制造领域进步的重要阶梯，相关工艺对金属粉末材料的要求也越发苛刻，不仅要求金属粉末具有优良的球形度和粒径分布来保证加工过程良好的流动性，还要求粉末具有较高的纯度和低的氧含量。常见的增材制造用金属材料有铁基合金、钛基合金、镍基合金、铝合金、铜合金及贵金属等。随着增材制造技术在各领域的不断发展，对其原材料的品质要求也越来越严格，金属粉末的球形度、纯净度、粒径分布、流动性都对成形零件的质量产生至关重要的影响。目前，增材制造专用金属粉末制备方法主要有雾化法和等离子法两种。其中雾化法主要包括水雾化和气雾化两种方法，等离子法主要包括等离子旋转电极雾化、等离子熔丝雾化、等离子球化三种方法。In recent years, with the rapid development of additive manufacturing technology at home and abroad, processing methods, equipment, and technologies are constantly being innovated and optimized. The improvement of raw material quality and performance has become an important step to promote the progress of additive manufacturing. The requirements of related processes for metal powder materials It is also becoming more and more demanding, not only requiring metal powder to have excellent sphericity and particle size distribution to ensure good fluidity during processing, but also requiring powder to have high purity and low oxygen content. Common metal materials for additive manufacturing include iron-based alloys, titanium-based alloys, nickel-based alloys, aluminum alloys, copper alloys, and precious metals. With the continuous development of additive manufacturing technology in various fields, the quality requirements for its raw materials are becoming more and more stringent. The sphericity, purity, particle size distribution, and fluidity of metal powder are all crucial to the quality of formed parts. Impact. At present, there are two main methods for preparing metal powders for additive manufacturing: atomization method and plasma method. Among them, the atomization method mainly includes two methods: water atomization and gas atomization, and the plasma method mainly includes three methods: plasma rotating electrode atomization, plasma fuse atomization, and plasma spheroidization.
1、雾化法1. Atomization method
（1）水雾化：水雾化是以水为雾化介质，破碎金属液流的雾化制粉方式，其优势在于设备构造简单、效率高、雾化成本低；但与气雾化相比，制备的粉末杂质含量高、球形度差，这归因于高温下活性金属易与雾化介质发生反应导致含氧量增加，同时水的比热容大，雾化破碎的金属液滴迅速凝固阶段多呈现不规则状，难以满足金属 3D 打印对粉末的质量要求。(1) Water atomization: Water atomization uses water as the atomization medium to break the metal liquid flow into atomized powder. Its advantages lie in simple equipment structure, high efficiency, and low atomization cost; but compared with gas atomization Compared with the prepared powder, the impurity content is high and the sphericity is poor. This is due to the fact that the active metal is easy to react with the atomization medium at high temperature, resulting in an increase in oxygen content. At the same time, the specific heat capacity of water is large, and the atomized broken metal droplets are rapidly solidified. Most of them are irregular, and it is difficult to meet the quality requirements of metal 3D printing for powder.
（2）气雾化：气雾化制粉法是指利用高速气流将液态金属流击碎形成小液滴，随后快速冷凝得到成形粉末。与水雾化主要区别于雾化介质的改变，目前气雾化生产的粉末约占世界粉末总产量的 30%~50%；该方法制备的金属粉末具有粒度细小(粉末粒径＜150 μm)、球形度较好、纯度高、氧含量低、成形速度快、环境污染小等优点，该类技术适用于绝大多数金属及合金粉末的生产，是增材制造用金属粉末制备的主流方法。(2) Gas atomization: The gas atomization powder making method refers to the use of high-speed airflow to crush the liquid metal flow to form small droplets, followed by rapid condensation to obtain shaped powder. The main difference from water atomization is the change of atomization medium. At present, the powder produced by gas atomization accounts for about 30%~50% of the world's total powder production; the metal powder prepared by this method has a fine particle size (powder particle size<150 μm) , good sphericity, high purity, low oxygen content, fast forming speed, low environmental pollution, etc. This type of technology is suitable for the production of most metal and alloy powders, and is the mainstream method for the preparation of metal powders for additive manufacturing.
2、等离子法2. Plasma method
（1）等离子旋转电极雾化：等离子旋转电极雾化技术最初起源于俄罗斯，该方法采用同轴的等离子弧为热源，首先在惰性气体氛围下，等离子弧加热熔化快速旋转的自耗电极，旋转棒料端面因受热熔化形成液膜，随后在离心力作用下于熔池边缘雾化成熔滴，熔滴在飞行过程中受表面张力作用冷却凝固最终形成球形粉末。该技术可通过调节等离子弧电流的大小和自耗电极转速来调控粉末的粒径，提高特定粒径粉末的收得率，有益于制备高球形度、高致密度、低孔隙率、低氧含量、表面光洁的球形粉末，且基本不存在空心粉、卫星粉，有效减少增材制造技术生产过程中的球化、团聚及引入杂质元素而带来的气孔、开裂现象。(1) Plasma rotating electrode atomization: The plasma rotating electrode atomization technology originally originated in Russia. This method uses a coaxial plasma arc as a heat source. First, in an inert gas atmosphere, the plasma arc heats and melts the rapidly rotating consumable electrode. The end surface of the rotating rod is melted by heat to form a liquid film, and then atomized into molten droplets at the edge of the molten pool under the action of centrifugal force, and the molten droplets are cooled and solidified by surface tension during flight and finally form spherical powder. This technology can adjust the particle size of the powder by adjusting the size of the plasma arc current and the rotational speed of the consumable electrode, and improve the yield of powder with a specific particle size, which is beneficial to the preparation of high-sphericity, high-density, low-porosity, low-oxygen Spherical powder with high content and smooth surface, and basically no hollow powder and satellite powder, which can effectively reduce the spheroidization, agglomeration and porosity and cracking caused by the introduction of impurity elements in the production process of additive manufacturing technology.
（2）等离子熔丝雾化：等离子熔丝雾化工艺是由加拿大高级粉末及涂层公司率先提出并获得专利权，该技术以规定尺寸的金属丝材为原材料，通过送丝系统按照特定速率送入雾化炉内，经出口处环形等离子体火炬加热装置，在聚焦等离子弧的作用下进行熔融雾化，最终得到金属粉末。整个流程在氩气氛围下进行，熔融雾化过程无外来杂质干扰，产品纯净度高，由于采用金属丝材为加工原材料，通过控制进给速度可获得特定粒径分布的粉末，提高了粉末的品质稳定性，低浓度的悬浮颗粒能够有效防止形成伴生颗粒，从而使粉末具备较好的流动性，十分有利于制备高纯度、高球形度的金属粉末。(2) Plasma fuse atomization: The plasma fuse atomization process was first proposed and patented by Canadian Advanced Powder and Coating Company. Send it into the atomization furnace, pass through the annular plasma torch heating device at the exit, melt and atomize under the action of the focused plasma arc, and finally get the metal powder. The whole process is carried out in an argon atmosphere. There is no interference from foreign impurities during the melting and atomization process, and the product is of high purity. Since metal wire is used as the raw material for processing, powder with a specific particle size distribution can be obtained by controlling the feed rate, which improves the powder's density. Quality stability, low concentration of suspended particles can effectively prevent the formation of associated particles, so that the powder has better fluidity, which is very conducive to the preparation of high-purity, high-sphericity metal powder.
（3）等离子球化：等离子球化技术是一种对不规则粉末进行熔化再加工的二次成形技术。该技术以不规则形状的金属粉末为原材料，在载气气流的作用下不规则粉体被输送到感应等离子体中，在热等离子体作用下受热熔化，熔融金属液滴在下落进入冷却室过程中因经受较高的温度梯度变化以及自身表面张力作用，从而迅速冷却凝固缩聚为球形。等离子熔融球化技术因其成形原理被认为是获得致密、规则球形粉末的有效手段，其制备方法依照等离子体的激发方式可分为射频等离子体和直流等离子体两类。但该方法的一个显著缺点是制备的金属粉末含氧量高。(3) Plasma spheroidization: Plasma spheroidization technology is a secondary forming technology for melting and reprocessing irregular powder. This technology uses irregularly shaped metal powder as the raw material. Under the action of the carrier gas flow, the irregular powder is transported into the induction plasma, heated and melted under the action of the thermal plasma, and the molten metal droplets fall into the cooling chamber. Due to the high temperature gradient and its own surface tension, it is rapidly cooled, solidified and condensed into a spherical shape. Plasma melting and spheroidization technology is considered to be an effective means to obtain dense and regular spherical powder because of its forming principle. Its preparation method can be divided into two types: radio frequency plasma and DC plasma according to the excitation method of plasma. But a significant disadvantage of this method is the high oxygen content of the prepared metal powder.
本发明的等离子球化脱氧3D打印金属粉体制备装置，是为实现本发明人所提出的等离子球化脱氧3D打印金属粉体制备方法而专门研制的设备。The plasma spheroidization deoxidation 3D printing metal powder preparation device of the present invention is a device specially developed to realize the plasma spheroidization deoxidation 3D printing metal powder preparation method proposed by the inventor.
发明内容Contents of the invention
针对传统3D打印金属粉体制备方法存在的含氧量高、流动性差、空心率高等严重等问题，发明人发明了等离子球化脱氧3D打印金属粉体制备装置，本发明采用了以下技术方案：In view of the serious problems such as high oxygen content, poor fluidity, and high hollow ratio existing in the traditional 3D printing metal powder preparation method, the inventor invented a plasma spheroidization deoxidation 3D printing metal powder preparation device. The invention adopts the following technical solutions:
等离子球化脱氧3D打印金属粉体制备装置包括气站、高压精密送粉系统、高频感应等离子体发生器、3D打印金属粉体除氧冷凝室、粉末收集除尘系统；气站包括：边气高压氩气瓶、中心气高压氩气瓶、高压氩气瓶、边气气阀、中心气气阀、高压氩气气阀、边气气管、中心气气管、高压氩气气管、边气调节阀、中心气调节阀、高压氩气调节阀；边气气阀安装在边气高压氩气瓶上，边气调节阀安装在边气气管上，边气气管一端连接边气气阀，另一端连接高频感应等离子体发生器的边气入口；中心气气阀安装在中心气高压氩气瓶上，中心气调节阀安装在中心气气管上，中心气气管一端连接中心气气阀，另一端连接高频感应等离子体发生器的中心气入口；高压氩气气阀安装在高压氩气瓶上，高压氩气调节阀安装在高压氩气气管上，高压氩气气管一端连接高压氩气气阀，另一端连接高压精密金属粉末送粉器；高压精密送粉系统包括：高压精密金属粉末送粉器、高压精密金属粉末送粉器储料罐、高压精密金属粉末送粉器储料罐盖、金属粉末混粉气管；高压精密金属粉末送粉器安装在高压精密金属粉末送粉器储料罐底部，高压精密金属粉末送粉器储料罐盖安装在高压精密金属粉末送粉器储料罐上部；高压精密金属粉末送粉器通过金属粉末混粉气管与高频感应等离子体发生器的载气/粉末入口连接；高频感应等离子体发生器包括：高频感应线圈、高频感应线圈绕管、边气入口、中心气入口、载气/粉末入口；高频感应线圈绕于高频感应线圈绕管上，载气/粉末入口固定于高频感应线圈绕管上部中心轴线位置，中心气入口、边气入口依次从内到外布置；高频感应等离子体发生器安装在3D打印金属粉体除氧冷凝室外部顶端；所述3D打印金属粉体除氧冷凝室包括：3D打印金属粉体除氧冷凝室壳体夹层冷却水出口、3D打印金属粉体除氧冷凝室壳体、3D打印金属粉体除氧冷凝室壳体夹层冷却水入口、3D打印金属粉体收集器、环形除氧气体喷管、环形冷却气喷管；环形除氧气体喷管和环形冷却气喷管位于3D打印金属粉体除氧冷凝室壳体内部的等离子体炬下方；环形除氧气体喷管位于环形冷却气喷管的上方；3D打印金属粉体除氧冷凝室壳体夹层冷却水出口位于3D打印金属粉体除氧冷凝室壳体上部，3D打印金属粉体除氧冷凝室壳体夹层冷却水入口位于3D打印金属粉体除氧冷凝室壳体下部；3D打印金属粉体收集器一安装于3D打印金属粉体除氧冷凝室壳体最下端；粉末收集除尘系统包括：除尘室、滤网、3D打印金属粉体收集器二、抽风管、风机、一氧化碳燃烧装置；除尘室通过抽风除尘管与3D打印金属粉体除氧冷凝室连接；滤网位于除尘室内部上端；3D打印金属粉体收集器安装于除尘室最下端；风机通过抽风管与除尘室上端连接；一氧化碳燃烧装置安装于风机的排风口。The plasma spheroidization deoxidation 3D printing metal powder preparation device includes a gas station, a high-pressure precision powder feeding system, a high-frequency induction plasma generator, a 3D printing metal powder deoxygenation condensation room, and a powder collection and dust removal system; the gas station includes: edge gas High-pressure argon cylinder, central gas high-pressure argon cylinder, high-pressure argon cylinder, side gas valve, center gas valve, high-pressure argon valve, side gas tube, center gas tube, high-pressure argon tube, side gas regulating valve , central gas regulating valve, high-pressure argon gas regulating valve; the side gas valve is installed on the side gas high-pressure argon gas bottle, the side gas regulating valve is installed on the side gas pipe, and one end of the side gas pipe is connected to the side gas valve, and the other end is connected to The side gas inlet of the high-frequency induction plasma generator; the central gas valve is installed on the central gas high-pressure argon cylinder, the central gas regulating valve is installed on the central gas pipe, one end of the central gas pipe is connected to the central gas valve, and the other end is connected to the The central gas inlet of the high-frequency induction plasma generator; the high-pressure argon gas valve is installed on the high-pressure argon gas bottle, the high-pressure argon gas regulating valve is installed on the high-pressure argon gas pipe, and one end of the high-pressure argon gas pipe is connected to the high-pressure argon gas valve. The other end is connected to the high-pressure precision metal powder feeder; the high-pressure precision powder feed system includes: high-pressure precision metal powder feeder, high-pressure precision metal powder feeder storage tank, high-pressure precision metal powder feeder storage tank cover, metal Powder mixing trachea; the high-pressure precision metal powder feeder is installed at the bottom of the high-pressure precision metal powder feeder storage tank, and the high-pressure precision metal powder feeder storage tank cover is installed on the upper part of the high-pressure precision metal powder feeder storage tank ;The high-voltage precision metal powder feeder is connected to the carrier gas/powder inlet of the high-frequency induction plasma generator through the metal powder mixing gas pipe; the high-frequency induction plasma generator includes: high-frequency induction coil, high-frequency induction coil winding tube , side gas inlet, central gas inlet, carrier gas/powder inlet; the high-frequency induction coil is wound on the high-frequency induction coil winding tube, the carrier gas/powder inlet is fixed at the central axis position of the upper part of the high-frequency induction coil winding tube, and the center gas inlet , The side air inlets are arranged from the inside to the outside in turn; the high-frequency induction plasma generator is installed on the top of the 3D printing metal powder deoxygenation condensation chamber; the 3D printing metal powder deoxygenation condensation chamber includes: 3D printing metal powder Deoxygenation condensation chamber shell interlayer cooling water outlet, 3D printing metal powder deoxygenation condensation chamber shell, 3D printing metal powder deoxygenation condensation chamber shell interlayer cooling water inlet, 3D printing metal powder collector, ring deoxygenation The body nozzle, the annular cooling gas nozzle; the annular deoxygenation gas nozzle and the annular cooling gas nozzle are located under the plasma torch inside the shell of the 3D printing metal powder deoxygenation condensation chamber; the annular deoxygenation gas nozzle is located in the annular cooling Above the air nozzle; the 3D printed metal powder deoxygenation condensing chamber shell interlayer cooling water outlet is located on the upper part of the 3D printing metal powder deoxygenating condensing chamber shell, and the 3D printing metal powder deoxygenating condensing chamber shell interlayer cooling water inlet It is located at the lower part of the shell of the 3D printing metal powder deoxygenation condensation chamber; the 3D printing metal powder collector is installed at the bottom of the shell of the 3D printing metal powder deoxygenation condensation chamber; the powder collection and dust removal system includes: dust removal chamber, filter screen, 3D printing
等离子球化脱氧3D打印金属粉体制备装置，该装置采用高频感应等离子体将粒径大小基本一致的外形不规则金属粉末颗粒加热熔融形成金属微液滴，在金属微液滴下落的过程中用一氧化碳气体对其进行喷射，使得金属微液滴中的氧原子与一氧化碳分子产生化学反应生成二氧化碳，从而减少金属微液滴中氧的含量，再经快速冷凝生成粒径基本一致的3D打印金属粉体。Plasma spheroidization deoxidation 3D printing metal powder preparation device, which uses high-frequency induction plasma to heat and melt irregular metal powder particles with basically the same particle size to form metal micro-droplets. During the falling process of metal micro-droplets It is sprayed with carbon monoxide gas, so that the oxygen atoms in the metal micro-droplets chemically react with the carbon monoxide molecules to generate carbon dioxide, thereby reducing the oxygen content in the metal micro-droplets, and then rapidly condensing to produce 3D printed metals with basically the same particle size Powder.
所述的等离子球化脱氧3D打印金属粉体制备装置，在3D打印金属粉体制备过程中接通高频感应等离子体发生器电源建立稳定的等离子体炬，调节高压精密金属粉末送粉器送粉速度将粒径一致的外形不规则金属粉末送入等离子体炬加热熔融，使其变为熔融态球形金属颗粒；通过环形除氧气体喷管喷出一氧化碳气体，使得熔融态球形金属颗粒中含有的氧元素与一氧化碳气体产生化学反应，生成二氧化碳气体，从而降低熔融态球形金属颗粒的氧含量；通过环形冷却气喷管喷出的冷却气体对熔融态球形金属颗粒进行快速冷凝，形成粒径一致的球形3D打印金属粉体；通过安装于风机（2）出口的一氧化碳燃烧装置（43）将未参与除氧化学反应的一氧化碳燃烧，避免直接排入大气。The plasma spheroidization deoxidation 3D printing metal powder preparation device, in the 3D printing metal powder preparation process, connects the power supply of the high-frequency induction plasma generator to establish a stable plasma torch, and adjusts the high-pressure precision metal powder feeder to send The powder speed sends the irregular shape metal powder with uniform particle size into the plasma torch for heating and melting, making it into molten spherical metal particles; the carbon monoxide gas is sprayed through the annular deoxygenation gas nozzle, so that the molten spherical metal particles contain The oxygen element reacts with carbon monoxide gas to generate carbon dioxide gas, thereby reducing the oxygen content of the molten spherical metal particles; the cooling gas sprayed through the annular cooling gas nozzle quickly condenses the molten spherical metal particles to form a uniform particle size The spherical 3D printing metal powder; the carbon monoxide that does not participate in the chemical reaction of oxygen removal is burned through the carbon monoxide combustion device (43) installed at the outlet of the fan (2), so as to avoid being directly discharged into the atmosphere.
所述的等离子球化脱氧3D打印金属粉体制备装置，在3D打印金属粉体制备前，将粒径一致的外形不规则金属粉末放入高压精密金属粉末送粉器储料罐，打开边气气阀、中心气气阀、高压氩气气阀，调节边气调节阀、中心气调节阀、高压氩气调节阀的开度大小，打开粉末收集除尘系统风机和一氧化碳燃烧装置的电源进行抽风除尘，将冷气通入环形冷却气喷管、将冷却水通入3D打印金属粉体除氧冷凝室壳体夹层冷却水入口；3D打印金属粉体制备完毕后，依次关闭高压精密金属粉末送粉器、高压氩气气阀、边气气阀、中心气气阀、通入环形除氧气体喷管的一氧化碳气体、通入环形冷却气喷管的冷气、风机和一氧化碳燃烧装置的电源；待磨料收集器一和磨料收集器二温度降低到50℃以下，关闭通入3D打印金属粉体除氧冷凝室壳体夹层冷却水入口的冷却水，从3D打印金属粉体除氧冷凝室下端取下3D打印金属粉体收集器一，从粉末收集除尘系统下端取下3D打印金属粉体收集器二，通过收集即可得到粒径一致的球形3D打印金属粉体。In the plasma spheroidization deoxidation 3D printing metal powder preparation device, before the 3D printing metal powder is prepared, the metal powder with uniform particle size and irregular shape is put into the storage tank of the high-pressure precision metal powder powder feeder, and the edge gas is opened. Air valve, central air valve, high-pressure argon gas valve, adjust the opening of the side air regulating valve, central air regulating valve, high-pressure argon gas regulating valve, turn on the power supply of the fan of the powder collection and dust removal system and the carbon monoxide combustion device for ventilation and dust removal , pass the cold air into the annular cooling air nozzle, and pass the cooling water into the cooling water inlet of the shell interlayer of the 3D printing metal powder deoxygenation condensation chamber; after the 3D printing metal powder is prepared, turn off the high-pressure precision metal powder feeder in turn , high-pressure argon gas valve, side gas valve, central gas valve, carbon monoxide gas that passes into the annular deoxygenation gas nozzle, cold air that passes into the annular cooling gas nozzle, fan and power supply of the carbon monoxide combustion device; the abrasives to be collected Reduce the temperature of the first and abrasive collector two to below 50°C, close the cooling water that flows into the interlayer cooling water inlet of the 3D printed metal powder deaeration condensation chamber shell, and remove the 3D from the lower end of the 3D printing metal powder deaeration condensation chamber. Print the metal powder collector 1, remove the 3D printing
本发明的等离子球化脱氧3D打印金属粉体制备装置具有以下优点和效果：The plasma spheroidization deoxidation 3D printing metal powder preparation device of the present invention has the following advantages and effects:
1、制备的3D打印金属粉体其氧含量显著降低，解决了传统3D打印金属粉体方法制备的粉体氧含量高的关键技术难题。1. The oxygen content of the prepared 3D printing metal powder is significantly reduced, which solves the key technical problem of high oxygen content in the powder prepared by the traditional 3D printing metal powder method.
2、制备的3D打印金属粉体呈球体状，流动性好。2. The prepared 3D printing metal powder is spherical and has good fluidity.
3、在制备过程中只要采用的外形不规则金属粉末粒径一致，则制备的3D打印金属粉体粒径也就一致，解决了传统3D打印金属粉体方法制备的3D打印金属粉体粒径大小不均匀的关键技术难题。3. As long as the particle size of the metal powder with irregular shape is consistent during the preparation process, the particle size of the prepared 3D printing metal powder is also consistent, which solves the problem of the particle size of the 3D printing metal powder prepared by the traditional 3D printing metal powder method. The key technical problem of uneven size.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本发明的等离子球化脱氧3D打印金属粉体制备装置的整体结构示意图；1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the plasma spheroidization deoxidation 3D printing metal powder preparation device of the present invention;
图2为图1中A的局部放大图。FIG. 2 is a partially enlarged view of A in FIG. 1 .
其中：1-抽风管，2-风机，3-粉末收集除尘系统，4-球形3D打印金属粉体，5-边气高压氩气瓶，6-中心气高压氩气瓶，7-高压氩气瓶，8-边气气阀，9-中心气气阀，10-高压氩气气阀，11-边气气管，12-中心气气管，13-高压氩气气管，14-边气调节阀，15-中心气调节阀，16-高压氩气调节阀，17-3D打印金属粉体收集器一，18-高压精密金属粉末送粉器，19-高压精密金属粉末送粉器储料罐，20-高压精密金属粉末送粉器储料罐盖，21-外形不规则金属粉末，22-金属粉末混粉气管，23-抽风除尘管，24-环形冷却气喷管，25-3D打印金属粉体除氧冷凝室，26-除尘室，27-滤网，28-高压精密送粉系统，29-高频感应等离子体发生器，30-高频感应线圈，31-高频感应线圈绕管，32-边气入口，33-中心气入口，34-载气/粉末入口，35-等离子体炬，36-熔融态球形金属颗粒，37-气站，38-3D打印金属粉体除氧冷凝室壳体夹层冷却水入口，39-3D打印金属粉体除氧冷凝室壳体，40-3D打印金属粉体除氧冷凝室壳体夹层冷却水出口，41-3D打印金属粉体收集器二，42-环形除氧气体喷管，43-一氧化碳燃烧装置。Among them: 1-exhaust pipe, 2-fan, 3-powder collection and dust removal system, 4-spherical 3D printing metal powder, 5-edge gas high-pressure argon cylinder, 6-central gas high-pressure argon cylinder, 7-high-pressure argon Gas cylinder, 8- side gas valve, 9- center gas valve, 10- high pressure argon gas valve, 11- side gas tube, 12- center gas tube, 13- high pressure argon gas tube, 14- side gas regulating valve , 15-central gas regulating valve, 16-high-pressure argon gas regulating valve, 17-3D printing metal powder collector 1, 18-high-pressure precision metal powder feeder, 19-high-pressure precision metal powder feeder storage tank, 20-High-pressure precision metal powder feeder storage tank cover, 21-Irregular shape metal powder, 22-Metal powder mixing air pipe, 23-Exhaust dust removal pipe, 24-Ring cooling air nozzle, 25-3D printing metal powder Body deoxygenation and condensation chamber, 26-dust removal chamber, 27-filter, 28-high-pressure precision powder feeding system, 29-high-frequency induction plasma generator, 30-high-frequency induction coil, 31-high-frequency induction coil winding tube, 32-edge gas inlet, 33-central gas inlet, 34-carrier gas/powder inlet, 35-plasma torch, 36-molten spherical metal particles, 37-gas station, 38-3D printing metal powder deoxygenation condensation chamber Shell interlayer cooling water inlet, 39-3D printing metal powder deoxygenation condensing chamber shell, 40-3D printing metal powder deoxygenation condensing chamber shell interlayer cooling water outlet, 41-3D printing metal powder collector 2, 42-annular deoxygenation gas nozzle, 43-carbon monoxide combustion device.
具体实施方式detailed description
下面结合附图对本发明的具体实施方式做进一步说明。The specific embodiments of the present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
图1是本发明所使用的等离子球化脱氧3D打印金属粉体制备装置的整体结构示意图，边气气阀8安装在边气高压氩气瓶5上，边气调节阀14安装在边气气管11上，边气气管11一端连接边气气阀8，另一端连接高频感应等离子体发生器29的边气入口32；中心气气阀9安装在中心气高压氩气瓶6上，中心气调节阀15安装在中心气气管12上，中心气气管12一端连接中心气气阀9，另一端连接高频感应等离子体发生器29的中心气入口33；高压氩气气阀10安装在高压氩气瓶7上，高压氩气调节阀16安装在高压氩气气管13上，高压氩气气管13一端连接高压氩气气阀10，另一端连接高压精密金属粉末送粉器18；高压精密金属粉末送粉器18安装在高压精密金属粉末送粉器储料罐19底部，高压精密金属粉末送粉器储料罐盖20安装在高压精密金属粉末送粉器储料罐19上部；高压精密金属粉末送粉器18通过金属粉末混粉气管22与高频感应等离子体发生器29的载气/粉末入口34连接；环形除氧气体喷管42和环形冷却气喷管24位于3D打印金属粉体除氧冷凝室壳体39内部的等离子体炬35下方，环形除氧气体喷管42位于环形冷却气喷管24上方；3D打印金属粉体除氧冷凝室壳体夹层冷却水出口40位于3D打印金属粉体除氧冷凝室壳体39上部，3D打印金属粉体除氧冷凝室壳体夹层冷却水入口38位于3D打印金属粉体除氧冷凝室壳体39下部；3D打印金属粉体收集器一17安装于3D打印金属粉体除氧冷凝室壳体39最下端；除尘室26通过抽风除尘管23与3D打印金属粉体除氧冷凝室壳体39连接；滤网27位于除尘室26内部上端；3D打印金属粉体收集器二41安装于除尘室26最下端；风机2通过抽风管1与除尘室26上端连接；一氧化碳燃烧装置43安装于风机2的排风口。Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the plasma spheroidization deoxidation 3D printing metal powder preparation device used in the present invention, the side gas valve 8 is installed on the side gas high-pressure argon cylinder 5, and the side gas regulating valve 14 is installed on the side gas pipe 11, one end of the side gas pipe 11 is connected to the side gas valve 8, and the other end is connected to the side gas inlet 32 of the high-frequency induction plasma generator 29; the center gas valve 9 is installed on the center gas high-pressure argon cylinder 6, and the center gas The regulating valve 15 is installed on the central gas pipe 12, one end of the central gas pipe 12 is connected to the central gas valve 9, and the other end is connected to the central gas inlet 33 of the high-frequency induction plasma generator 29; the high-pressure argon gas valve 10 is installed on the high-pressure argon On the gas cylinder 7, the high-pressure argon regulating valve 16 is installed on the high-pressure argon gas pipe 13, one end of the high-pressure argon gas pipe 13 is connected to the high-pressure argon gas valve 10, and the other end is connected to the high-pressure precision metal powder feeder 18; the high-pressure precision metal powder The powder feeder 18 is installed on the bottom of the high-pressure precision metal powder powder feeder storage tank 19, and the high-pressure precision metal powder powder feeder storage tank cover 20 is installed on the upper part of the high-pressure precision metal powder powder feeder storage tank 19; The powder feeder 18 is connected to the carrier gas/powder inlet 34 of the high-frequency induction plasma generator 29 through the metal powder mixing gas pipe 22; the annular deoxygenation gas nozzle 42 and the annular cooling gas nozzle 24 are located in the 3D printing metal powder removal Below the plasma torch 35 inside the oxygen condensation chamber housing 39, the annular deoxygenation gas nozzle 42 is located above the annular cooling gas nozzle 24; the 3D printing metal powder deoxygenation condensation chamber housing interlayer cooling water outlet 40 is located The upper part of the shell 39 of the powder deaeration condensation chamber, the interlayer cooling water inlet 38 of the 3D printing metal powder deaeration condensation chamber shell is located at the lower part of the 3D printing metal powder deaeration condensation chamber shell 39; the 3D printing metal powder collector one 17 is installed at the lowermost end of the housing 39 of the 3D printing metal powder deoxygenation condensation chamber; the dust removal chamber 26 is connected to the 3D printing metal powder deoxygenation condensation chamber housing 39 through the exhaust dust removal pipe 23; the filter screen 27 is located at the upper end of the dust removal chamber 26 The 3D printing metal powder collector 2 41 is installed at the bottom of the dust removal chamber 26; the fan 2 is connected to the upper end of the dust removal chamber 26 through the exhaust pipe 1;
图2是图1中A的局部放大图，高频感应线圈30绕于高频感应线圈绕管31上，载气/粉末入口34固定于高频感应线圈绕管31上部中心轴线位置，中心气入口33、边气入口32依次从内到外布置；高频感应等离子体发生器29安装在3D打印金属粉体除氧冷凝室25外部顶端。Figure 2 is a partial enlarged view of A in Figure 1, the high-
等离子球化脱氧3D打印金属粉体制备装置，其3D打印金属粉体制备过程采用以下步骤：Plasma spheroidization deoxidation 3D printing metal powder preparation device, the 3D printing metal powder preparation process uses the following steps:
步骤一、将粒径一致的外形不规则金属粉末21放入高压精密硬质磨料粉末送粉器储料罐19，调节边气气阀8、中心气气阀9、高压氩气气阀10的开度大小，打开粉末收集除尘系统3风机2和一氧化碳燃烧装置43的电源开关进行抽风除尘、一氧化碳燃烧，将冷气通入环形冷却气喷管24，将冷却水通入3D打印金属粉体除氧冷凝室壳体夹层冷却水入口38，接通高频感应等离子体发生器29的电源，建立稳定的等离子体炬35；Step 1. Put the
步骤二、调节高压精密金属粉末送粉器18的送粉速度将粒径一致的外形不规则金属粉末21送入等离子体炬35，经加热将外形不规则金属粉末21变为熔融态球形金属颗粒36；Step 2: Adjust the powder feeding speed of the high-pressure precision
步骤三、通过环形除氧气体喷管（42）喷出一氧化碳气体，使得熔融态球形金属颗粒中含有的氧元素与一氧化碳气体产生化学反应，生成二氧化碳气体，从而降低熔融态球形金属颗粒的氧含量；通过环形冷却气喷管24喷出的冷却气体，使熔融态球形金属颗粒36快速冷凝， 得到球形3D打印金属粉体4；
步骤四、制备完毕后，依次关闭高压精密金属粉末送粉器18、高压氩气气阀10、边气气阀8、中心气气阀9、通入环形除氧气体喷管42的一氧化碳气体、通入环形冷却气喷管24的冷气、风机2和一氧化碳燃烧装置43的电源；待磨料收集器一（17）和磨料收集器二（41）温度降低到50℃以下，关闭通入3D打印金属粉体除氧冷凝室壳体夹层冷却水入口（38）的冷却水，从3D打印金属粉体除氧冷凝室（25）下端取下3D打印金属粉体收集器一（17），从粉末收集除尘系统（3）下端取下3D打印金属粉体收集器二（41），通过收集即可得到粒径一致的球形3D打印金属粉体。Step 4, after the preparation is completed, close the high-pressure precision
对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，根据本发明的教导，在不脱离本发明的原理与精神的情况下，对实施方式所进行的改变、修改、替换和变型仍落入本发明的保护范围之内。For those of ordinary skill in the art, according to the teaching of the present invention, without departing from the principle and spirit of the present invention, the changes, modifications, replacements and modifications to the implementation still fall within the protection scope of the present invention within.
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