Centrifugal wind wheel air inlet wing tip jet rotorTechnical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of jet rotors, in particular to a centrifugal wind wheel air inlet wing tip jet rotor.
Background
There are two main types of wingtip jet rotors available in the world:
firstly, a jet engine such as the United states army YH-32 and the McTae XH-20 helicopter is arranged at the wing tip, the mode has high noise and high oil consumption, and the centrifugal force generated by the wing tip engine causes the structural strength of a rotor wing to face a great challenge, so that the wing tip engine is not applied in a large range;
the other is that the gas is led out from the tail part of a jet engine arranged on a machine body, flows through a rotor hub and a hollow blade through a pipeline, and is finally ejected from a nozzle at the wing tip of the rotor to generate a reaction driving force, such as a Houss XH-17 helicopter.
Therefore, the centrifugal wind wheel air inlet wing tip jet rotor wing is provided.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an air inlet wingtip air injection rotor wing of a centrifugal wind wheel, which aims to solve the problems in the background technology.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: the utility model provides a centrifugal wind wheel air inlet wing tip jet rotor, includes centrifugal wind wheel air inlet wing tip jet rotor, centrifugal wind wheel air inlet wing tip jet rotor is motor drive wind wheel wing tip jet rotor, motor drive wind wheel wing tip jet rotor includes support, motor housing, air inlet impeller shell and motor rotor, the support mounting is on motor housing, motor housing's internally mounted has motor rotor, motor rotor's internally mounted has motor spindle, motor housing's fixed surface is connected with the bearing, motor spindle passes through bearing fixed mounting on motor housing and runs through motor housing and upwards stretches out, motor spindle's one end is passed through bearing fixed connection air inlet impeller shell, air inlet impeller shell's top surface is provided with circular air inlet, motor spindle's one end runs through air inlet impeller shell internal rotation and connects air inlet impeller, the impeller shell surface that admits air is provided with the opening along central symmetry, the equal fixedly connected with cavity paddle of two sets of opening parts on impeller shell surface that admits air, the inside of cavity paddle sets up to the cavity form and communicates with each other with the inside cavity of impeller shell that admits air, and is two sets of the equal fixedly connected with wingtip combustion chamber of end and the shrink spray tube of cavity paddle, the outside fixed connection of bearing department that impeller shell and motor spindle are connected of admitting air has rotary joint, rotary joint's one end fixedly connected with fuel delivery pipe, fuel delivery pipe installs fixed and unable rotation on rotary joint, two sets of fuel delivery pipes are installed to rotary joint's the other end and are the symmetric distribution, the other end of the fuel delivery pipe of two sets of symmetric distributions of installation on the rotary joint is inserted respectively and is established in the cavity paddle and.
Preferably, make improvement and upgrade to gear drive wind wheel air inlet wing tip jet rotor on the basis of motor drive wind wheel wing tip jet rotor, gear drive wind wheel air inlet wing tip jet rotor includes support, motor housing, air inlet impeller shell, motor rotor, drive gear support frame and drive gear, the support mounting is on motor housing, motor housing's internally mounted has motor rotor, motor rotor's internally mounted has motor spindle, motor housing's fixed surface is connected with the bearing, motor housing upper portion installation motor spindle's bearing upwards extends to inside the air inlet impeller shell, motor spindle passes through bearing fixed mounting and upwards stretches out on motor housing and runs through motor housing, motor spindle's one end is passed through bearing fixed connection air inlet impeller shell, air inlet impeller shell's top surface is provided with circular air inlet, one end of the motor spindle penetrates through the interior of the air inlet impeller shell to be connected with an air inlet impeller in a rotating mode, the surface of the motor spindle is located below the air inlet impeller and fixedly connected with a motor spindle transmission gear, a bearing terminal of the motor spindle is fixedly connected with a transmission gear support frame, the transmission gear support frame is installed on two groups of transmission gears, one end of each transmission gear is meshed with the motor spindle transmission gear, the other end of each transmission gear is meshed with the interior of the air inlet impeller shell and is connected with a bearing installed on the top end of the motor shell in a fixed mode, a rotary joint is installed on the bearing surface installed at the air inlet impeller shell, one end of each rotary joint is fixedly connected with a fuel conveying pipe, the fuel conveying pipes are installed on the rotary joints and are fixed and cannot rotate, and the other ends of the rotary joints are, the other ends of two groups of symmetrically distributed fuel delivery pipes arranged on the rotary joint are respectively inserted into the hollow blades and synchronously rotate along with the hollow blades.
Preferably, make improvement and upgrade for the jet rotor of the air inlet wing tip of the generator driving wind wheel on the basis of the jet rotor of the air inlet wing tip of the gear driving centrifugal wind wheel, the jet rotor of the air inlet wing tip of the generator driving wind wheel comprises a bracket, a motor shell, an air inlet impeller shell, a motor rotor, a generator stator and a generator rotor, the bracket is installed on the motor shell, the motor rotor is installed inside the motor shell, a motor spindle is installed inside the motor rotor, a bearing of the motor spindle is installed on the upper portion of the motor shell upwards extends into the air inlet impeller shell, the generator stator is fixedly connected with a terminal of the bearing, an opening is arranged on the surface of the air inlet impeller shell along the central symmetry, two groups of openings on the surface of the air inlet impeller shell are fixedly connected with hollow blades, the inside of the hollow blades is arranged to be hollow and communicated, two sets of the equal fixedly connected with wing tip combustion chamber in end and the shrink spray tube of cavity paddle, the bearing fixed connection of installation is on motor housing top surface mounting's bearing on the impeller shell of admitting air, rotary joint installs on the bearing surface of impeller shell department installation of admitting air, rotary joint's one end fixedly connected with fuel delivery pipe, fuel delivery pipe installs on rotary joint fixed and unable rotation, rotary joint's the other end is installed two sets of fuel delivery pipes and is the symmetric distribution, two sets of symmetric distribution's of last installation of rotary joint fuel delivery pipe's the other end is inserted respectively and is established in the cavity paddle and rotate along with the cavity paddle is synchronous, the inside fixedly connected with generator rotor of impeller shell that admits air that generator stator corresponds.
Preferably, make improvement upgrade for turbine drive wind wheel air inlet wing tip jet rotor on the basis of motor drive wind wheel wing tip jet rotor, turbine drive wind wheel air inlet wing tip jet rotor includes support, motor housing, air inlet impeller shell, electric motor rotor and small-size turbine jet engine, the turbine housing is installed on motor housing, the fixed surface of turbine housing is connected with small-size turbine jet engine, turbine exhaust outlet has been seted up on the surface of turbine housing, the turbine main shaft passes through bearing fixed mounting on turbine housing, upwards stretch out with air inlet impeller shell and pass through the bearing and be connected, the turbine main shaft is connected with air inlet impeller rotation inside air inlet impeller shell, air inlet impeller shell's top surface is provided with circular air inlet, air inlet impeller shell surface is provided with the opening along central symmetry, the two groups of openings on the surface of the air inlet impeller shell are fixedly connected with hollow blades, the interiors of the hollow blades are hollow and are communicated with the interior of the air inlet impeller shell in a hollow manner, the tail ends of the two groups of hollow blades are fixedly connected with a wing tip combustion chamber and a contraction spray pipe, a rotary joint is fixedly connected with the outside of a bearing at the joint of the air inlet impeller shell and the turbine main shaft, one end of the rotary joint is fixedly connected with a fuel delivery pipe which is arranged on the rotary joint and fixed and can not rotate, two sets of fuel delivery pipe are installed to rotary joint's the other end and are the symmetric distribution, the other end of the fuel delivery pipe of two sets of symmetric distribution of installation on the rotary joint is inserted respectively and is established in the cavity paddle and along with cavity paddle synchronous rotation, the turbine main shaft is located the inside one end fixed surface of turbine shell and is connected with free turbine.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the motor drives the wind wheel wing tip air injection rotor wing to drive the air inlet impeller to rotate through the motor rotor, and air is pressed into the hollow blade which is connected with the air inlet impeller in a hollow way through centrifugal force; air enters the wing tip combustion chamber through a hollow passage in the hollow blade; the fuel finally enters the wingtip combustion chamber through the fuel delivery pipe to be mixed and combusted with air, and the combusted expanded hot gas is ejected backwards through a contraction nozzle at the rear part of the wingtip combustion chamber to generate a reaction force to push the rotor wing to rotate;
2. the gear-driven wind wheel air inlet wing tip air injection rotor wing drives the air inlet impeller to rotate through the motor rotor, air is pressed into a hollow blade connected with the air inlet impeller shell in a hollow way through centrifugal force, the air enters a wingtip combustion chamber through a hollow channel in the hollow blade, fuel finally enters the wingtip combustion chamber through a fuel delivery pipe to be mixed and combusted with the air, the combusted expanded hot gas is sprayed backwards through a contraction spray pipe at the rear part of the wingtip combustion chamber to generate reaction force to push the rotor wing to rotate, the air inlet impeller shell and the rotor wing rotate synchronously, and drives a transmission gear engaged with the inside of the air inlet impeller shell to rotate, the transmission gear drives a transmission gear of a spindle motor spindle of a motor spindle to drive the air inlet impeller to rotate, when the rotor wing reaches a certain rotating speed, the motor can be disconnected for power supply, and the rotor wing drives the air inlet impeller to rotate through the internal gear set, so that cyclic work is realized;
3. the generator drives the wind wheel air inlet wing tip air injection rotor wing to drive the air inlet impeller to rotate through the motor rotor, air is pressed into the hollow blade connected with the air inlet impeller shell in a hollow mode through centrifugal force, and the air enters the wing tip combustion chamber through the hollow channel in the hollow blade; the fuel finally enters a wingtip combustion chamber through a fuel conveying pipe to be mixed and combusted with air, the combusted expanded hot gas is sprayed backwards through a contraction spray pipe at the rear part of the wingtip combustion chamber to generate reaction force to push a rotor wing to rotate, an air inlet impeller shell and the rotor wing synchronously rotate, and meanwhile, a generator rotor is driven to rotate to drive a generator stator to generate electric energy which can supply power for an impeller motor;
4. after the turbine driving wind wheel air inlet wing tip jet rotor wing is started by a small turbine jet engine, hot air flow impacts a free turbine to rotate and is discharged from a turbine waste gas outlet, the free turbine drives an air inlet impeller to rotate, air is pressed into a hollow blade which is connected with an air inlet impeller shell in a hollow mode through centrifugal force, and the air enters a wing tip combustion chamber of a wing tip through a hollow channel in the hollow blade; the fuel finally enters the wingtip combustion chamber through the fuel delivery pipe to be mixed and combusted with air, and the combusted expanded hot gas is ejected backwards through a contraction nozzle at the rear part of the wingtip combustion chamber to generate reaction force to push the rotor wing to rotate.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a motor-driven wind turbine tip jet rotor according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a motor-driven wind turbine tip jet rotor according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a gear driven wind wheel air inlet wingtip jet rotor according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a configuration of a wind turbine rotor blade tip jet rotor according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a turbine driven rotor blade air inlet tip jet rotor according to the present invention;
fig. 6 is a schematic structural section view of a turbine driven wind wheel air inlet wingtip jet rotor wing.
In the figure: 1. a support; 2. a motor housing; 3. a motor spindle; 4. a fuel delivery pipe; 5. an air intake impeller; 6. an air intake impeller housing; 7. a hollow blade; 8. a wingtip combustion chamber; 9. contracting the spray pipe; 10. a motor rotor; 11. a rotary joint; 12. a bearing; 13. a transmission gear support frame; 14. a transmission gear; 15. a motor spindle transmission gear; 16. a generator stator; 17. a generator rotor; 18. a turbine housing; 19. a turbine main shaft; 20. small turbojet engines; 21. a free turbine; 22. a turbine exhaust outlet.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example one
Referring to fig. 1-6, the present invention provides a technical solution:
the utility model provides a centrifugal wind wheel air inlet wing tip jet rotor, includes centrifugal wind wheel air inlet wing tip jet rotor, its characterized in that: the centrifugal wind wheel air inlet wing tip air injection rotor wing is a motor drive wind wheel wing tip air injection rotor wing, the motor drive wind wheel wing tip air injection rotor wing comprises asupport 1, amotor housing 2, an airinlet impeller shell 6 and amotor rotor 10, thesupport 1 is installed on themotor housing 2, themotor rotor 10 is installed inside themotor housing 2, amotor spindle 3 is installed inside themotor rotor 10, the surface of themotor housing 2 is fixedly connected with abearing 12, themotor spindle 3 is fixedly installed on themotor housing 2 through thebearing 12 and penetrates through themotor housing 2 to upwards extend out, the airinlet impeller shell 6 is fixedly connected with one end of themotor spindle 3 through thebearing 12, a circular air inlet is arranged on the top end surface of the airinlet impeller shell 6, and one end of themotor spindle 3 penetrates through the airinlet impeller shell 6 to be connected with anair inlet impeller 5 in an, the surface of the airinlet impeller shell 6 is provided with an opening along the central symmetry, two groups of openings on the surface of the airinlet impeller shell 6 are fixedly connected withhollow blades 7, the inside of thehollow blades 7 is hollow and communicated with the hollow inside of the airinlet impeller shell 6, two groups of the tail ends of thehollow blades 7 are fixedly connected with a wingtip combustion chamber 8 and acontraction spray pipe 9, abearing 12 connected with the airinlet impeller shell 6 and amotor spindle 3 is externally and fixedly connected with arotary joint 11, one end of therotary joint 11 is fixedly connected with afuel conveying pipe 4, thefuel conveying pipe 4 is installed on therotary joint 11 and is fixed and can not rotate, the other end of therotary joint 11 is provided with two groups offuel conveying pipes 4 which are symmetrically distributed, the other end of the two groups of thefuel conveying pipes 4 which are symmetrically distributed and are respectively inserted into thehollow blades 7 and synchronously rotate along with the hollow, theair inlet impeller 5 is driven to rotate by themotor rotor 10, air is pressed into thehollow blades 7 connected with the airinlet impeller shell 6 in a hollow mode through centrifugal force, the air enters thewingtip combustion chamber 8 through hollow channels inside thehollow blades 7, fuel finally enters thewingtip combustion chamber 8 through thefuel conveying pipe 4 and is mixed and combusted with the air, and expanding hot gas after combustion is sprayed out backwards through thecontraction spray pipe 9 at the rear part of thewingtip combustion chamber 8 to generate reaction force to push the rotor to rotate.
Example two
On the basis of the first embodiment, the invention provides a technical scheme that:
the utility model provides a centrifugal wind wheel air inlet wing tip jet rotor, includes centrifugal wind wheel air inlet wing tip jet rotor, make on the basis of motor drive wind wheel wing tip jet rotor and improve the upgrading and admit air wing tip jet rotor for the gear drive wind wheel, gear drive wind wheel air inlet wing tip jet rotor includessupport 1,motor housing 2, airinlet impeller shell 6,motor rotor 10, drivegear support frame 13 anddrive gear 14, support 1 installs onmotor housing 2,motor housing 2's internally mounted hasmotor rotor 10,motor rotor 10's internally mounted hasmotor spindle 3,motor housing 2's fixed surface is connected withbearing 12,motor housing 2 upper portioninstallation motor spindle 3's bearing 12 upwards extends to inside the airinlet impeller shell 6,motor spindle 3 upwards extends through bearing 12 fixed mounting onmotor housing 2 and runs throughmotor housing 2, one end of themotor spindle 3 is fixedly connected with an airinlet impeller shell 6 through abearing 12, a round air inlet is arranged on the top end surface of the airinlet impeller shell 6, one end of themotor spindle 3 penetrates through the inside of the airinlet impeller shell 6 to be connected with anair inlet impeller 5 in a rotating mode, a motorspindle transmission gear 15 is fixedly connected to the surface of themotor spindle 3 below theair inlet impeller 5, a transmissiongear support frame 13 is fixedly connected to the terminal of thebearing 12 of themotor spindle 3, the transmissiongear support frame 13 is installed on two groups oftransmission gears 14, one end surface of eachtransmission gear 14 is meshed with the motorspindle transmission gear 15, the other end surface of eachtransmission gear 14 is meshed with the inside of the airinlet impeller shell 6, thebearing 12 installed on the airinlet impeller shell 6 is fixedly connected to thebearing 12 installed on the top end surface of themotor shell 2, and the rotary, the one end fixedly connected withfuel delivery pipe 4 ofrotary joint 11,fuel delivery pipe 4 is installed fixedly and can't rotate onrotary joint 11, two sets offuel delivery pipe 4 are installed torotary joint 11's the other end and are the symmetric distribution, two sets of symmetric distribution's of last installation ofrotary joint 11fuel delivery pipe 4's the other end is inserted respectively and is established incavity paddle 7 and along withcavity paddle 7 synchronous rotation, driveair inlet impeller 5 throughelectric motor rotor 10 and rotate, press the air into thecavity paddle 7 with airinlet impeller shell 6 cavity through centrifugal force in, the air gets into wingtip combustion chamber 8 through the inside hollow passage ofcavity paddle 7, fuel finally gets into wingtip combustion chamber 8 throughfuel delivery pipe 4 and air mixed combustion, the inflation hot gas after the burning is spout backward byshrink spray tube 9 at wingtip combustion chamber 8 rear portion, produce reaction force and promote the rotor rotatory, the airinlet impeller shell 6 and the rotor wing rotate synchronously and drive atransmission gear 14 meshed with the inside of the airinlet impeller shell 6 to rotate, thetransmission gear 14 drives a spindle motorspindle transmission gear 15 of a motor to drive theair inlet impeller 5 to rotate, when the rotor wing reaches a certain rotating speed, the motor can be disconnected for supplying power, and the rotor wing drives theair inlet impeller 5 to rotate through an internal gear set, so that circular work doing is realized.
EXAMPLE III
On the basis of the second embodiment, the invention provides a technical scheme that:
the utility model provides a centrifugal wind wheel air inlet wing tip jet rotor, includes centrifugal wind wheel air inlet wing tip jet rotor, make on the gear drive centrifugal wind wheel air inlet wing tip jet rotor basis improve upgrade for generator drive wind wheel air inlet wing tip jet rotor, generator drive wind wheel air inlet wing tip jet rotor includessupport 1,motor housing 2, airinlet impeller shell 6,motor rotor 10,generator stator 16 andgenerator rotor 17, support 1 installs onmotor housing 2,motor housing 2's internally mounted hasmotor rotor 10,motor rotor 10's internally mounted hasmotor spindle 3,motor housing 2 upper portioninstallation motor spindle 3's bearing 12 upwards extends to inside airinlet impeller shell 6, bearing 12's terminal fixedly connected withgenerator stator 16, airinlet impeller shell 6 surface is provided with the opening along central symmetry, the two groups of openings on the surface of the airinlet impeller shell 6 are fixedly connected withhollow blades 7, thehollow blades 7 are arranged in a hollow shape and communicated with the hollow part of the airinlet impeller shell 6, the tail ends of the two groups ofhollow blades 7 are fixedly connected with a wingtip combustion chamber 8 and acontraction spray pipe 9, abearing 12 arranged on the airinlet impeller shell 6 is fixedly connected on abearing 12 arranged on the surface of the top end of themotor shell 2, arotary joint 11 is arranged on the surface of thebearing 12 arranged at the airinlet impeller shell 6, one end of therotary joint 11 is fixedly connected with afuel conveying pipe 4, thefuel conveying pipe 4 is arranged on therotary joint 11 and is fixed and can not rotate, the other end of therotary joint 11 is provided with two groups offuel conveying pipes 4 which are symmetrically distributed, the other ends of the two groups of thefuel conveying pipes 4 which are symmetrically distributed and arranged on therotary joint 11 are respectively inserted into the, agenerator rotor 17 is fixedly connected inside the airinlet impeller shell 6 corresponding to thegenerator stator 16, theair inlet impeller 5 is driven to rotate through themotor rotor 10, air is pressed into thehollow blades 7 connected with the airinlet impeller shell 6 in a hollow mode through centrifugal force, and the air enters the wingtip combustion chamber 8 through hollow channels inside thehollow blades 7; fuel finally gets intowingtip combustion chamber 8 and air hybrid combustion throughfuel delivery pipe 4, the inflation hot gas after the burning is spout backward by theshrink spray tube 9 atwingtip combustion chamber 8 rear portion, it is rotatory to produce reaction force promotion rotor,impeller shell 6 and the synchronous rotation of rotor admits air, it produces the electric energy to drivegenerator rotor 17 rotarydrive generator stator 16 simultaneously, the electric energy of its production can be for the impeller motor power supply, when the rotor reaches certain rotational speed, can break off the outside power supply, supply power for the impeller motor by the generator in rotor selfdrive impeller shell 6 that admits air, realize the circulation and do work.
Example four
On the basis of the first embodiment, the invention provides a technical scheme that:
the utility model provides a centrifugal wind wheel air inlet wing tip jet rotor, includes centrifugal wind wheel air inlet wing tip jet rotor the motor drive wind wheel air inlet wing tip jet rotor is improved and upgraded on the basis of the jet rotor, turbine drive wind wheel air inlet wing tip jet rotor includes support 1, motor housing 2, air inlet impeller shell 6, motor rotor 10 and small-size turbine jet engine 20, turbine housing 18 installs on motor housing 2, the fixed surface of turbine housing 18 is connected with small-size turbine jet engine 20, turbine exhaust outlet 22 has been seted up on the surface of turbine housing 18, turbine main shaft 19 passes through bearing 12 fixed mounting on turbine housing 18, turbine main shaft 19 upwards stretches out and is connected through bearing 12 with air inlet impeller shell 6, turbine main shaft 19 is connected with air inlet impeller 5 rotation inside air inlet impeller shell 6, the top surface of impeller shell 6 admits air is provided with circular air inlet, impeller shell 6 admits air the surface and is provided with the opening along central symmetry, the equal fixedly connected with cavity paddle 7 of two sets of opening parts on impeller shell 6 admits air surface, the inside of cavity paddle 7 sets up to the cavity form and communicates with each other with the inside cavity of impeller shell 6 admits air, and is two sets of the equal fixedly connected with wing tip combustion chamber 8 of end and shrink spray tube 9 of cavity paddle 7, the outside fixedly connected with rotary joint 11 of bearing 12 of impeller shell 6 and turbine main shaft 19 junction admits air, the one end fixedly connected with fuel delivery pipe 4 of rotary joint 11, fuel delivery pipe 4 installs fixedly on rotary joint 11 and can't rotate, two sets of fuel delivery pipe 4 are installed to rotary joint 11's the other end and are the symmetric distribution, two sets of symmetric distribution's of fuel delivery pipe 4 of installation on rotary joint 11 insert respectively and establish in cavity paddle The hollow blades 7 rotate synchronously, the surface of one end of the turbine main shaft 19, which is positioned in the turbine shell 18, is fixedly connected with a free turbine 21, after the small-sized turbojet engine 20 is started, hot air flow impacts the free turbine 21 to rotate and is discharged from a turbine waste gas outlet 22, the free turbine 21 drives the air inlet impeller 5 to rotate, air is pressed into the hollow blades 7 which are connected with the air inlet impeller shell 6 in a hollow mode through centrifugal force, and the air enters the wing tip combustion chamber 8 of the wing tip through hollow channels in the hollow blades 7; fuel finally enters the wingtip combustion chamber 8 through the fuel delivery pipe 4 to be mixed and combusted with air, and the combusted expanded hot gas is sprayed backwards through a contraction spray pipe 9 at the rear part of the wingtip combustion chamber 8 to generate reaction force to push the rotor wing to rotate.
It is noted that, herein, relational terms such as first and second, and the like may be used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Also, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation. The use of the phrase "comprising one of the elements does not exclude the presence of other like elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.