CN113116490A - Internal fixator and auxiliary device for femoral neck fracture - Google Patents

Abstract

Translated fromChinese

本发明公开了一种用于股骨颈骨折的内固定器及辅助装置，包括自攻松质骨螺钉与空心松质骨螺钉以及全螺纹支撑螺钉，所述自攻松质骨螺钉的一端套设有套筒，所述套筒的一端设有瞄准器，所述瞄准器的内部设有瞄准器固定空心螺钉，所述瞄准器的中部开设有孔一，所述孔一的内部活动连接定位导管一，所述瞄准器的顶端开设有孔二，所述孔二的内部活动连接有定位导管二，有益效果：该内固定器能提供较强的角稳定：滑动套螺钉为主体的骨折固定，有至少20mm的滑动加压范围，并充分利用股骨距处较高的骨量，因此能提供满意的骨折端加压及力学稳定性；在套螺钉侧孔内拧入支撑螺钉至股骨近段内侧皮质，可提高抗垂直剪切能力，有效避免髋内翻和退钉。

The invention discloses an internal fixator and an auxiliary device for femoral neck fracture, comprising a self-tapping cancellous bone screw, a hollow cancellous bone screw and a full-threaded support screw. One end of the self-tapping cancellous bone screw is sleeved There is a sleeve, one end of the sleeve is provided with a sight, the interior of the sight is provided with a sight fixing hollow screw, a hole is opened in the middle of the sight, and the inside of the hole is movably connected to a positioning guide First, the top of the sight is provided with a second hole, and the inside of the second hole is movably connected with a second positioning catheter. The beneficial effects are: the internal fixator can provide strong angular stability: the sliding sleeve screw is the main fracture fixation, There is a sliding compression range of at least 20mm, and the high bone mass at the femoral calcar can be fully utilized, so it can provide satisfactory compression and mechanical stability of the fracture end; screw the support screw into the lateral hole of the sleeve screw to the inner side of the proximal femur Cortex, can improve vertical shear resistance, effectively avoid coxa varus and screw withdrawal.

Description

Internal fixator and auxiliary device for femoral neck fracture

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of medical treatment, in particular to an internal fixator and an auxiliary device for femoral neck fracture.

Background

Femoral neck fracture is one of the common fractures of hip, accounting for 3.6% of adult fractures. It is currently a common view that surgical treatment is recommended except for patients with femur and neck fractures who are not systemically tolerated and can be treated conservatively.

The operation treatment method comprises internal fixation and hip joint replacement. Because the mechanical stability provided by the internal fixation of femoral neck fracture is limited, the femoral head blood supply is damaged, and the incidence of femoral head necrosis is high, hip joint replacement is often adopted for older patients. But the service life of the joint prosthesis is limited, and complications such as dislocation of the prosthesis and the like can occur; therefore, for middle and young femoral neck fracture patients, internal fixation is often preferred in view of the relatively small age of the patient.

Although the most common clinical hollow cancellous bone screw fixation can fix the fracture to a certain degree, the shear resistance and the rotation resistance are limited, and a stable mechanical environment at the fracture part cannot be provided, so that the incidence of bone nonunion and femoral head necrosis is high; and as the bone at the fracture end is absorbed, the situation that the screw penetrates out of the femoral head or is withdrawn may occur; in addition, the space of the femoral neck is limited, and three screws are usually used for parallel fixation and are dispersed as much as possible in order to pressurize the fracture end, so that the technical requirement is high.

An effective solution to the problems in the related art has not been proposed yet.

Disclosure of Invention

The technical task of the invention is to provide an internal fixator and an auxiliary device for femoral neck fracture aiming at the defects, so as to solve the problems in the background technology.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: the utility model provides an internal fixation ware and auxiliary device for femoral neck fracture, includes self tapping cancellous bone screw and hollow cancellous bone screw and full thread support screw, a pot head of self tapping cancellous bone screw is equipped with the sleeve, the sleeve is kept away from the one end of self tapping cancellous bone screw is equipped with the sight, the inside of sight is equipped with sight fixed hollow screw, porose one is seted up at the middle part of sight, the inside swing joint location pipe one of hole one, porose two is seted up on the top of sight, the inside swing joint of hole two has location pipe two.

Furthermore, a small pressurizing screw is arranged between the self-tapping spongy bone screw and the sleeve.

Furthermore, a side hole is formed in the sleeve.

Further, the side hole is matched with the full-thread supporting screw.

Further, the hollow cancellous bone screw is matched with the first hole.

The invention has the beneficial effects that:

1. only two screws are needed in the femoral neck to fix the fracture, and even the thinner femoral neck can be accommodated, so that the fixing technology requirement of a doctor is smaller.

2. The internal fixator can provide strong angular stability: the sliding sleeve screw is used for fixing the fracture of the main body, has a sliding pressurization range of at least 20mm, and fully utilizes the higher bone mass at the femoral distance, thereby providing satisfactory pressurization and mechanical stability for the fracture end; a hollow spongy bone screw is screwed above the sliding sleeve screw, so that the anti-rotation stability can be improved; the supporting screw is screwed into the side hole of the sleeve screw to the inner cortex of the proximal femur section, so that the vertical shearing resistance can be improved, and the hip varus and screw withdrawal can be effectively avoided.

3. The integrated sighting device can simply and effectively screw in the three screws, thereby reducing the operation difficulty, avoiding repeated perspective and reducing the operation time.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings without creative efforts.

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of an internal fixator for fracture of femoral neck according to an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an internal fixator and auxiliary device for femoral neck fracture according to an embodiment of the invention.

Reference numerals:

1. self-tapping cancellous bone screws; 2. a sleeve; 3. a sight; 4. the sighting device fixes the hollow screw; 5. a small pressurizing screw; 6. a hollow cancellous bone screw; 7. a full-thread support screw; 8. a side hole; 9. positioning a second guide pipe; 10. positioning a first guide pipe; 11. a first hole; 12. and a second hole.

Detailed Description

The invention is further described with reference to the following figures and specific examples.

The first embodiment is as follows:

referring to fig. 1-2, an internal fixator and an auxiliary device for femoral neck fracture according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a self-tappingcancellous bone screw 1, a hollowcancellous bone screw 6, and a full-thread support screw 7, wherein asleeve 2 is sleeved on one end of the self-tappingcancellous bone screw 1, a collimator 3 is disposed on one end of thesleeve 2 away from the self-tappingcancellous bone screw 1, a collimator fixing hollow screw 4 is disposed inside the collimator 3, a hole one 11 is disposed in the middle of the collimator 3, the inside of the hole one 11 is movably connected to a positioning guide tube one 10, a hole two 12 is disposed at the top end of the collimator 3, and a positioning guide tube two 9 is movably connected inside the hole two 12. Firstly, a patient takes a supine position, and the fracture is reset under the monitoring of a C-arm machine, so that the fracture alignment is satisfied, and the distance between the fracture ends does not exceed 10 mm; driving a first guide pin from the outer side of the proximal end of the femur by using an electric drill to fix the fracture end, and enabling the fracture end to be positioned below the neck of the femur and to be close to the femoral distance; use 1 ~ 2 ke shi needles fixed fracture (do not disturb the guide pin) simultaneously, prevent to twist the screw and lead to the fracture aversion, with self tappingcancellous screw 1,sleeve 2, pressurizationsmall screw 5 and 3 external combinations of sight: fixing the self-tappingspongy bone screw 1 and thesleeve 2 together by using a small pressurizingscrew 5, but not screwing the small pressurizingscrew 5 so as to reserve a space for sliding and pressurizing the sleeve screw; thesleeve 2 is then secured to the scope 3 using the scope retaining cannulated screws 4, the guide pin is reamed, and the self-tappingcancellous screw 1 is screwed in to the desired location.

Example two:

referring to fig. 1-2, for the self-tappingcancellous bone screw 1, asmall compression screw 5 is arranged between the self-tappingcancellous bone screw 1 and thesleeve 2; for thesleeve 2, a side hole 8 is arranged on thesleeve 2; for the side hole 8, the side hole 8 matches the full-thread support screw 7; for the hollowcancellous bone screw 6, the hollowcancellous bone screw 6 is matched with thefirst hole 11, a firstpositioning guide pipe 10 is inserted into thefirst hole 11 on the sighting device 3, a second guide pin is driven into the hole to be positioned above the inner part of the femoral neck, and the fracture broken end is fixed; pulling out other Kirschner wires for assisting in fixing the fracture, pulling out the firstpositioning guide pipe 10, screwing in the hollowcancellous bone screw 6, screwing in the small pressurizingscrew 5 to enable the self-tappingcancellous bone screw 1 to slide and retreat, achieving the purpose of fracture pressurization and fixation, screwing in the hollowcancellous bone screw 6 after a satisfactory effect is obtained, inserting the second positioning guide pipe 9 into thesecond hole 12 on the sighting device 3, screwing the full-thread support screw 7 into the thread of the side hole 8 on thesleeve 2 along the direction, and fixing the head end of the full-thread support screw near the femoral distance; the self-tappingspongy bone screw 1, the full-thread supporting screw 7 and the inner side cortex of the femur form a triangle, and satisfactory angle stability is obtained.

For the convenience of understanding the technical solutions of the present invention, the following detailed description will be made on the working principle or the operation mode of the present invention in the practical process.

In practical application, firstly, a patient takes a supine position, the fracture is reset under the monitoring of a C-arm machine, the fracture alignment is satisfied, the distance between the fracture ends does not exceed 10mm, a first guide pin is driven into the fracture end from the outer side of the proximal end of the femur by an electric drill, and the fracture end is fixed; and is positioned below the femoral neck, close to the femoral spacing; use 1 ~ 2 ke shi needles fixed fracture (do not disturb the guide pin) simultaneously, prevent to twist the screw and lead to the fracture aversion, with self tappingcancellous screw 1,sleeve 2, pressurizationsmall screw 5 and 3 external combinations of sight: fixing the self-tappingspongy bone screw 1 and thesleeve 2 together by using a small pressurizingscrew 5, but not screwing the small pressurizingscrew 5 so as to reserve a space for sliding and pressurizing the sleeve screw; then, fixing thesleeve 2 and the sighting device 3 into a whole by using a sighting device fixing hollow screw, reaming along the guide needle, and screwing the self-tappingspongy bone screw 1 to a satisfactory position; inserting a firstpositioning guide tube 10 into afirst hole 11 on the sighting device 3, driving a second guide pin into the first hole to enable the first guide pin to be positioned above the inner part of the femoral neck, and fixing the fracture end; pulling out other Kirschner wires for assisting in fixing the fracture, pulling out the firstpositioning guide pipe 10, screwing in the hollowcancellous bone screw 6, screwing the small pressurizingscrew 5, enabling the self-tappingcancellous bone screw 1 to slide and retreat, achieving the purpose of fracture pressurization and fixation, and screwing down the hollowcancellous bone screw 6 after a satisfactory effect is obtained; inserting a second positioning guide tube 9 into asecond hole 12 on the sighting device 3, screwing a full-thread support screw 7 into the thread of the side hole 8 on thesleeve 2 along the direction, and fixing the head end of the full-thread support screw near the femoral distance; the self-tappingspongy bone screw 1, the full-thread supporting screw 7 and the inner side cortex of the femur form a triangle, and satisfactory angle stability is obtained.

Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims (5)

1. The utility model provides an internal fixation ware and auxiliary device for femoral neck fracture, its characterized in that, includes self tapping cancellous bone screw (1) and hollow cancellous bone screw (6) and full thread supporting screw (7), the pot head of self tapping cancellous bone screw (1) is equipped with sleeve (2), keep away from sleeve (2) the one end of self tapping cancellous bone screw (1) is equipped with sight (3), the inside of sight (3) is equipped with sight fixed hollow screw (4), porose (11) are seted up at the middle part of sight (3), the inside swing joint location pipe (10) of hole (11), porose two (12) are seted up on the top of sight (3), the inside swing joint of hole two (12) has location pipe two (9).

2. An internal fixator and auxiliary device for femoral neck fractures according to claim 1, characterized in that a small compression screw (5) is arranged between the self-tapping cancellous screw (1) and the sleeve (2).

3. An internal fixator and assistance device for femoral neck fractures according to claim 1, characterized in that the sleeve (2) is provided with side holes (8).

4. An internal fixator and assistance device for femoral neck fractures according to claim 1, characterized in that the side holes (8) match the full-thread support screws (7).

5. An internal fixator and assistance device for femoral neck fractures according to claim 1, characterized in that the cannulated cancellous screw (6) mates with hole one (11).

Images