Disclosure of Invention
In view of this, embodiments of the present invention provide a method, a system, a device, and a medium for browsing images remotely with high real-time performance and low download load.
One aspect of the present invention provides a method for remotely browsing images, which is applied to a mobile terminal, and includes:
the mobile terminal is in communication binding with desktop workstation equipment so as to realize data transmission between the mobile terminal and the desktop workstation equipment;
displaying a desktop workstation equipment list bound with the mobile terminal according to the communication binding result;
selecting target desktop workstation equipment from the desktop workstation equipment list;
selecting a target patient from the target desktop workstation device;
acquiring 3D model matrix data corresponding to the medical image of the target patient from the target desktop workstation equipment;
viewing a 3D model of the examination result of the target patient according to the 3D model matrix data;
selecting a local position from the 3D model, and sending a medical image data acquisition request of the local position to the desktop workstation equipment; the medical image data acquisition request is used for acquiring medical image data corresponding to the local position from the desktop workstation equipment;
and receiving medical image data corresponding to the local position, and displaying a medical image of the local position.
Optionally, the communication binding with the desktop workstation device includes:
and scanning the verification binding two-dimensional code displayed by the desktop workstation equipment to realize the verification binding between the mobile terminal and the desktop workstation equipment.
Optionally, the viewing the 3D model of the examination result of the target patient according to the 3D model matrix data includes:
analyzing the 3D model matrix data to obtain a 3D model; wherein the data volume of the 3D model matrix data is smaller than the data volume of all medical images of the target patient;
and dragging the 3D model, and checking the structural features of the 3D model at different angles.
Optionally, the method further comprises:
and storing the address information and the communication port information of each desktop workstation device in the desktop workstation device list in the mobile terminal.
Optionally, the viewing the 3D model of the examination result of the target patient according to the 3D model matrix data includes:
acquiring head Tag information of DICOM data, wherein the head Tag information comprises the width and height, the frame number, the window width and the window level of a single-frame image in the DICOM data;
positioning a naked data storage area in the DICOM data according to the Tag information;
extracting image dot matrix data from the bare data storage area, and separating to obtain frame data;
calculating the size of a square matrix image area according to the frame data;
filtering part of image data in the DICOM data according to the window width adjusting parameter and the window level adjusting parameter;
storing the filtered single-frame image data into the square matrix image area to obtain a transparent square matrix image;
rendering the content of the transparent square matrix image into a 3D model for display.
Another aspect of the embodiments of the present invention further provides a method for remotely browsing images, which is applied to a desktop workstation device, and includes:
the mobile terminal is in communication binding with the mobile terminal so as to realize data transmission between the mobile terminal and the desktop workstation equipment;
receiving a target patient query instruction sent by the mobile terminal, and feeding back target patient information to the mobile terminal;
acquiring medical image data, recording the medical image data to patient examination information, and providing patient examination information data acquisition service for the mobile terminal;
generating 3D model matrix data according to the medical image data so that the mobile terminal can check the 3D model of the examination result of the target patient according to the 3D model matrix data; wherein a data volume of the 3D model matrix data is smaller than a data volume of the medical image data;
dividing the medical image data into multi-frame data;
and receiving a medical image data acquisition request sent by the mobile terminal, and sending data of a relevant frame corresponding to the medical image data request to the mobile terminal so that the mobile terminal displays a medical image of a local position.
Optionally, the method further includes a step of image recomposition rendering, which includes:
recombining and converting the medical image data into DICOM data;
reading head Tag information from the DICOM data;
acquiring pure image data in the DICOM data according to the Tag information;
when the DICOM data contains multi-frame images, reconstructing Tag information of the DICOM data, and acquiring pure data blocks of each frame of image from the pure image data according to new Tag information to recombine;
when the medical image data is oral medical image data, extracting rectangular lattice data from the multi-frame images containing the oral cross section according to the multi-frame images containing the oral cross section in the DICOM data, recombining to obtain image data of different surfaces, and synthesizing a final image stream.
The embodiment of the invention also provides a system for remotely browsing images, which comprises a mobile terminal and desktop workstation equipment;
the mobile terminal is used for:
the mobile terminal is in communication binding with desktop workstation equipment so as to realize data transmission between the mobile terminal and the desktop workstation equipment;
displaying a desktop workstation equipment list bound with the mobile terminal according to the communication binding result;
selecting target desktop workstation equipment from the desktop workstation equipment list;
selecting a target patient from the target desktop workstation device;
acquiring 3D model matrix data corresponding to the medical image of the target patient from the target desktop workstation equipment;
viewing a 3D model of the examination result of the target patient according to the 3D model matrix data;
selecting a local position from the 3D model, and sending a medical image data acquisition request of the local position to the desktop workstation equipment; the medical image data acquisition request is used for acquiring medical image data corresponding to the local position from the desktop workstation equipment;
receiving medical image data corresponding to the local position, and displaying a medical image of the local position;
the desktop workstation apparatus is to:
the mobile terminal is in communication binding with the mobile terminal so as to realize data transmission between the mobile terminal and the desktop workstation equipment;
receiving a target patient query instruction sent by the mobile terminal, and feeding back target patient information to the mobile terminal;
acquiring medical image data, recording the medical image data to patient examination information, and providing patient examination information data acquisition service for the mobile terminal;
generating 3D model matrix data according to the medical image data so that the mobile terminal can check the 3D model of the examination result of the target patient according to the 3D model matrix data; wherein a data volume of the 3D model matrix data is smaller than a data volume of the medical image data;
dividing the medical image data into multi-frame data;
and receiving a medical image data acquisition request sent by the mobile terminal, and sending data of a relevant frame corresponding to the medical image data request to the mobile terminal so that the mobile terminal displays a medical image of a local position.
Another aspect of the embodiments of the present invention further provides an electronic device, including a processor and a memory;
the memory is used for storing programs;
the processor executes the program to implement the method as described above.
Yet another aspect of the embodiments of the present invention provides a computer-readable storage medium, which stores a program, which is executed by a processor to implement the method as described above.
The embodiment of the invention also discloses a computer program product or a computer program, which comprises computer instructions, and the computer instructions are stored in a computer readable storage medium. The computer instructions may be read by a processor of a computer device from a computer-readable storage medium, and the computer instructions executed by the processor cause the computer device to perform the foregoing method.
When the mobile terminal is used for retrieving the patient examination image, a 3D model of the examination result of a target patient is firstly checked, and 3D model matrix data required by the generated 3D model is smaller than medical image data of the examination result, so that the data transmission quantity between the mobile terminal and the desktop workstation equipment can be reduced, the real-time performance is high, and the download load is small; secondly, the local position of the target patient is selected through the mobile terminal, then the medical image corresponding to the local position is checked, the whole mapping file is not required to be transmitted every time the influence image of the patient is called, the data transmission quantity is reduced, and the image of the local position can be checked more pertinently.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present application more apparent, the present application is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the present application and are not intended to limit the present application.
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the embodiment of the invention provides a method for remotely browsing images, which is applied to a mobile terminal and comprises the following steps:
the mobile terminal is in communication binding with desktop workstation equipment so as to realize data transmission between the mobile terminal and the desktop workstation equipment;
displaying a desktop workstation equipment list bound with the mobile terminal according to the communication binding result;
selecting target desktop workstation equipment from the desktop workstation equipment list;
selecting a target patient from the target desktop workstation device;
acquiring 3D model matrix data corresponding to the medical image of the target patient from the target desktop workstation equipment;
viewing a 3D model of the examination result of the target patient according to the 3D model matrix data;
selecting a local position from the 3D model, and sending a medical image data acquisition request of the local position to the desktop workstation equipment; the medical image data acquisition request is used for acquiring medical image data corresponding to the local position from the desktop workstation equipment;
and receiving medical image data corresponding to the local position, and displaying a medical image of the local position.
Optionally, the communication binding with the desktop workstation device includes:
and scanning the verification binding two-dimensional code displayed by the desktop workstation equipment to realize the verification binding between the mobile terminal and the desktop workstation equipment.
Optionally, the viewing the 3D model of the examination result of the target patient according to the 3D model matrix data includes:
analyzing the 3D model matrix data to obtain a 3D model; wherein the data volume of the 3D model matrix data is smaller than the data volume of all medical images of the target patient;
and dragging the 3D model, and checking the structural features of the 3D model at different angles.
Optionally, the method further comprises:
and storing the address information and the communication port information of each desktop workstation device in the desktop workstation device list in the mobile terminal.
Optionally, the viewing the 3D model of the examination result of the target patient according to the 3D model matrix data includes:
acquiring head Tag information of DICOM data, wherein the head Tag information comprises the width and height, the frame number, the window width and the window level of a single-frame image in the DICOM data;
positioning a naked data storage area in the DICOM data according to the Tag information;
extracting image dot matrix data from the bare data storage area, and separating to obtain frame data;
calculating the size of a square matrix image area according to the frame data;
filtering part of image data in the DICOM data according to the window width adjusting parameter and the window level adjusting parameter;
storing the filtered single-frame image data into the square matrix image area to obtain a transparent square matrix image;
rendering the content of the transparent square matrix image into a 3D model for display.
Another aspect of the embodiments of the present invention further provides a method for remotely browsing images, which is applied to a desktop workstation device, and includes:
the mobile terminal is in communication binding with the mobile terminal so as to realize data transmission between the mobile terminal and the desktop workstation equipment;
receiving a target patient query instruction sent by the mobile terminal, and feeding back target patient information to the mobile terminal;
acquiring medical image data, recording the medical image data to patient examination information, and providing patient examination information data acquisition service for the mobile terminal;
generating 3D model matrix data according to the medical image data so that the mobile terminal can check the 3D model of the examination result of the target patient according to the 3D model matrix data; wherein a data volume of the 3D model matrix data is smaller than a data volume of the medical image data;
dividing the medical image data into multi-frame data;
and receiving a medical image data acquisition request sent by the mobile terminal, and sending data of a relevant frame corresponding to the medical image data request to the mobile terminal so that the mobile terminal displays a medical image of a local position.
Optionally, the method further includes a step of image recomposition rendering, which includes:
recombining and converting the medical image data into DICOM data;
reading head Tag information from the DICOM data;
acquiring pure image data in the DICOM data according to the Tag information;
when the DICOM data contains multi-frame images, reconstructing Tag information of the DICOM data, and acquiring pure data blocks of each frame of image from the pure image data according to new Tag information to recombine;
when the medical image data is oral medical image data, extracting rectangular lattice data from the multi-frame images containing the oral cross section according to the multi-frame images containing the oral cross section in the DICOM data, recombining to obtain image data of different surfaces, and synthesizing a final image stream.
The embodiment of the invention also provides a system for remotely browsing images, which comprises a mobile terminal and desktop workstation equipment;
the mobile terminal is used for:
the mobile terminal is in communication binding with desktop workstation equipment so as to realize data transmission between the mobile terminal and the desktop workstation equipment;
displaying a desktop workstation equipment list bound with the mobile terminal according to the communication binding result;
selecting target desktop workstation equipment from the desktop workstation equipment list;
selecting a target patient from the target desktop workstation device;
acquiring 3D model matrix data corresponding to the medical image of the target patient from the target desktop workstation equipment;
viewing a 3D model of the examination result of the target patient according to the 3D model matrix data;
selecting a local position from the 3D model, and sending a medical image data acquisition request of the local position to the desktop workstation equipment; the medical image data acquisition request is used for acquiring medical image data corresponding to the local position from the desktop workstation equipment;
receiving medical image data corresponding to the local position, and displaying a medical image of the local position;
the desktop workstation apparatus is to:
the mobile terminal is in communication binding with the mobile terminal so as to realize data transmission between the mobile terminal and the desktop workstation equipment;
receiving a target patient query instruction sent by the mobile terminal, and feeding back target patient information to the mobile terminal;
acquiring medical image data, recording the medical image data to patient examination information, and providing patient examination information data acquisition service for the mobile terminal;
generating 3D model matrix data according to the medical image data so that the mobile terminal can check the 3D model of the examination result of the target patient according to the 3D model matrix data; wherein a data volume of the 3D model matrix data is smaller than a data volume of the medical image data;
dividing the medical image data into multi-frame data;
and receiving a medical image data acquisition request sent by the mobile terminal, and sending data of a relevant frame corresponding to the medical image data request to the mobile terminal so that the mobile terminal displays a medical image of a local position.
Another aspect of the embodiments of the present invention further provides an electronic device, including a processor and a memory;
the memory is used for storing programs;
the processor executes the program to implement the method as described above.
Yet another aspect of the embodiments of the present invention provides a computer-readable storage medium, which stores a program, which is executed by a processor to implement the method as described above.
The embodiment of the invention also discloses a computer program product or a computer program, which comprises computer instructions, and the computer instructions are stored in a computer readable storage medium. The computer instructions may be read by a processor of a computer device from a computer-readable storage medium, and the computer instructions executed by the processor cause the computer device to perform the foregoing method.
The method for browsing images remotely according to the present invention is described in detail below with reference to the drawings of the specification:
because the whole document needs to be downloaded and then read when the DICOM image file is read by the prior system technology, the DICOM image file is generally large in data volume, time is consumed for downloading and opening and browsing, instantaneity is not available, and user experience is not good; the prior art needs to call the image document from the central service PACS on the PC, and the precondition is that the collection machine must upload the document to the PACS first, otherwise, the function of searching and reading can not be realized, and in addition, the position of the PC is fixed, so that the function of portable searching and reading anywhere like a mobile tablet device can not be realized.
The invention directly implements the memory rendering recombination and transmission service of the image data on the machine of the image acquisition workstation, and can use the mobile retrieval function conveniently only by scanning, verifying and binding the code on the screen of the application program of the acquisition machine. In addition, the rendering module provided by the invention has an on-demand reading and transmission optimization technology, so that the transmission efficiency of the image data is greatly improved, and the user experience is improved.
The invention aims to provide a mobile film reading function which can be used under the condition that a wireless network exists in a hospital by only one mobile flat plate, patient examination image information acquired by an acquisition machine bound by a two-dimensional code can be conveniently and directly read without a PACS, and the diagnosis operation of doctors is simplified. The invention can perform reading processing and transmission adjustment optimization according to needs, and generally only needs a few seconds to look up the content of the image file.
As shown in fig. 1, the present invention consists of a desktop workstation application and a mobile device recall application. The mobile terminal application program is accessed to a wireless public communication network by a TCP/IP protocol, and is in networking communication with a desktop workstation acquisition machine after being bound by a two-dimensional code scanning.
The system of the invention consists of two major parts: desktop workstation device applications, mobile device applications.
1. Desktop workstation device application
The image processing module is responsible for image acquisition, reconstruction and encoding work, and provides patient examination information, image loading, image recombination rendering, image stream transmission and binding verification service modules.
The desktop workstation device application has the following basic functions:
(1) image acquisition (image acquisition module S1 as shown in figure 1)
And scanning data is obtained and stored from various image detectors connected with the machine.
(2) Image reconstruction and encoding (the image reconstruction module S2 and the image encoding module S3 shown in FIG. 1)
And reconstructing the original data received by the detector, converting the original data into processable image data and encoding the processable image data into DICOM format data.
(3) Patient examination information service module
The patient examination information is recorded and the patient examination information data acquisition service is provided for the outside.
(4) Image loading module
And loading the image data from the storage device into the memory.
(5) Image recombination rendering module
And decomposing the DICOM file in the memory, taking out source data, and then recombining single-frame DICOM image data from different angles and by using image quality adjusting options as required for an image transmission module.
(6) Image stream transmission module
And providing the transmission service of the image data stream for the mobile equipment.
(7) Binding verification service
And generating a verification two-dimensional code which can be bound by the tablet device, and allowing the tablet device to scan the code and bind a desktop workstation machine.
2. Mobile device application
The desktop workstation is responsible for binding and collecting the desktop workstation machine, and the patient examination information and the related image information are called, so that the function of quick retrieval and browsing is realized.
The mobile device application has the following basic functions:
(1) two-dimensional code scanning and binding module
And scanning the verification binding two-dimensional code displayed by the machine acquired by the desktop workstation to realize verification binding with the desktop workstation machine.
(2) And a display module for the list of the collection machine of the workstation
And displaying the list of the desktop workstation machines which are bound by the verification.
(3) Patient examination information display module
And acquiring and displaying the patient examination information from the application program of the bound desktop workstation machine.
(4) Image stream receiving module
And acquiring image stream data to be called from the application program bound with the desktop workstation machine for the image analysis and display module to use.
(5) Image analysis display module
And displaying the streaming data content of the video provided by the video receiving module.
In addition, in the process of performing image recombination rendering, the embodiment of the invention comprises the following steps: reading head Tag information from a DICOM memory stream, acquiring data in a pure image data area behind the head Tag information according to the Tag information, if the head Tag information is a DICOM file containing a plurality of frames of images, reconstructing head format Tag data of a DICOM standard file of a currently acquired frame image, and acquiring a pure data block of the frame image from the memory pure image data area for recombination; for the application of oral medical images, if the DICOM image file only has multi-frame data images of the cross section, and the tablet device end wants to display the images of the cross section, the coronal plane and the sagittal plane at the same time, the rendering engine extracts rectangular dot matrix data from the multi-frame cross section image data according to the current browsing frame position to recombine the image data of different planes; the synthesized image is delivered to the image stream transmission module for transmission.
It can be understood that, the invention firstly converts the cross-sectional, coronal and sagittal images obtained by rendering into the filtered and optimized matrix data of the 3d model, transmits the matrix data of the 3d model to the remote terminal, and the remote terminal analyzes the matrix data to obtain the 3d model (the data volume of the model is far smaller than the original image data, so that the efficiency can be improved), the 3d structure (such as teeth) of the relevant part can be visually checked, the 3d model can be dragged at a remote terminal (such as a pc (personal computer) and a mobile phone) to check the structural characteristics of different angles, finally, the information of the local position can be selected and sent back to the server, and the server sends the detailed image data of the local position to the remote terminal for detailed check, so that the function (the whole DICOM image file does not need to be transmitted, and only one frame of image trace data needs to be transmitted at minimum) is realized.
The specific process of reading the DICOM image file only with cross section layer image information into the memory rendering 3D model is as follows:
1. and (3) reading DICOM image information from a disk or an NOSQL network server, and distributing a correspondingly large memory processing space in the memory.
2. Reading the head Tag information of the DICOM file, such as the information of single-frame image width, height, frame number, window width, window level and the like, and positioning the naked data storage area of the DICOM image file.
3. Extracting image dot matrix data from the bare data block, separating frame data, calculating the size of a square matrix image area through an algorithm, filtering out part of image data which is not required to be displayed in the 3D model by utilizing window width and window level adjustment parameters attached by remote request transmission, sequentially pasting the filtered data of a single frame of image into the square matrix image area, and finally outputting a transparent square matrix image.
4. The browser terminal sends a request through an HTTP protocol to acquire a transparent square matrix image data stream, and content in the square matrix image data stream is converted and rendered into a 3D model through a WebGL rendering technology to perform multi-view interactive browsing and reading.
In addition, with reference to fig. 1, the specific process of image retrieval according to the embodiment of the present invention is as follows:
the two-dimensional code generation module S4 for desktop workstation equipment application program verification generates and displays a two-dimensional code on a machine screen, the mobile equipment application program opens the two-dimensional code scanning binding module M4 to scan the two-dimensional code for verification, the verification code is input to be bound, and after the binding is successful, information such as the address and the communication port of the desktop workstation equipment can be recorded at the mobile equipment end.
The workstation machine list display module W1 applied by the mobile device displays the desktop workstation device list information, and clicks and selects the corresponding desktop workstation device, and the patient examination information display module M5 applied by the mobile device requests the patient examination information service module S5 applied by the desktop workstation device application to obtain the patient examination information collected on the machine; the user of the mobile device application program selects one of the check information to call and read the related image content, the image stream receiving module M8 requests the image loading module S6 and the image stream transmission module S8 of the desktop workstation device application program, the related image file is loaded to the memory area by the image loading module S6, and the data is transmitted by the image stream transmission module S8 after being processed by the image re-assembly rendering module S7; after receiving the data, the video stream receiving module M8 of the mobile device application sends the video data to the video analyzing and displaying module D1 for display.
In summary, compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
the tablet personal computer can bind a plurality of desktop workstation machines to retrieve the images of the patient for examination, the images are read in the image recombination rendering module of the acquisition machine according to requirements and adjustment parameters, the whole DICOM image file does not need to be transmitted, only one frame of image micro data needs to be transmitted at minimum, the transmission and tablet equipment display speed is extremely high, and a user can load multi-frame images at different positions in a switching way only by dragging and scratching the sliding strip on the tablet equipment. In addition, in the process of image recombination and rendering, the image data of the cross section, the coronal plane and the sagittal plane can be synthesized only by the image data of the cross section, and rendered and displayed; and the method also realizes the dynamic reading of the content to be consulted according to the requirement and the realization of the remote and quick 3D rendering display effect on the content of the multi-frame cross-section image.
In alternative embodiments, the functions/acts noted in the block diagrams may occur out of the order noted in the operational illustrations. For example, two blocks shown in succession may, in fact, be executed substantially concurrently, or the blocks may sometimes be executed in the reverse order, depending upon the functionality/acts involved. Furthermore, the embodiments presented and described in the flow charts of the present invention are provided by way of example in order to provide a more thorough understanding of the technology. The disclosed methods are not limited to the operations and logic flows presented herein. Alternative embodiments are contemplated in which the order of various operations is changed and in which sub-operations described as part of larger operations are performed independently.
Furthermore, although the present invention is described in the context of functional modules, it should be understood that, unless otherwise stated to the contrary, one or more of the described functions and/or features may be integrated in a single physical device and/or software module, or one or more functions and/or features may be implemented in a separate physical device or software module. It will also be appreciated that a detailed discussion of the actual implementation of each module is not necessary for an understanding of the present invention. Rather, the actual implementation of the various functional modules in the apparatus disclosed herein will be understood within the ordinary skill of an engineer, given the nature, function, and internal relationship of the modules. Accordingly, those skilled in the art can, using ordinary skill, practice the invention as set forth in the claims without undue experimentation. It is also to be understood that the specific concepts disclosed are merely illustrative of and not intended to limit the scope of the invention, which is defined by the appended claims and their full scope of equivalents.
The functions, if implemented in the form of software functional units and sold or used as a stand-alone product, may be stored in a computer readable storage medium. Based on such understanding, the technical solution of the present invention may be embodied in the form of a software product, which is stored in a storage medium and includes instructions for causing a computer device (which may be a personal computer, a server, or a network device) to execute all or part of the steps of the method according to the embodiments of the present invention. And the aforementioned storage medium includes: a U-disk, a removable hard disk, a Read-Only Memory (ROM), a Random Access Memory (RAM), a magnetic disk or an optical disk, and other various media capable of storing program codes.
The logic and/or steps represented in the flowcharts or otherwise described herein, e.g., an ordered listing of executable instructions that can be considered to implement logical functions, can be embodied in any computer-readable medium for use by or in connection with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device, such as a computer-based system, processor-containing system, or other system that can fetch the instructions from the instruction execution system, apparatus, or device and execute the instructions. For the purposes of this description, a "computer-readable medium" can be any means that can contain, store, communicate, propagate, or transport the program for use by or in connection with the instruction execution system, apparatus, or device.
More specific examples (a non-exhaustive list) of the computer-readable medium would include the following: an electrical connection (electronic device) having one or more wires, a portable computer diskette (magnetic device), a Random Access Memory (RAM), a read-only memory (ROM), an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or flash memory), an optical fiber device, and a portable compact disc read-only memory (CDROM). Additionally, the computer-readable medium could even be paper or another suitable medium upon which the program is printed, as the program can be electronically captured, via for instance optical scanning of the paper or other medium, then compiled, interpreted or otherwise processed in a suitable manner if necessary, and then stored in a computer memory.
It should be understood that portions of the present invention may be implemented in hardware, software, firmware, or a combination thereof. In the above embodiments, the various steps or methods may be implemented in software or firmware stored in memory and executed by a suitable instruction execution system. For example, if implemented in hardware, as in another embodiment, any one or combination of the following techniques, which are known in the art, may be used: a discrete logic circuit having a logic gate circuit for implementing a logic function on a data signal, an application specific integrated circuit having an appropriate combinational logic gate circuit, a Programmable Gate Array (PGA), a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA), or the like.
In the description herein, references to the description of the term "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "an example," "a specific example," or "some examples," etc., mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.
While embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the claims and their equivalents.
While the preferred embodiments of the present invention have been illustrated and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.