Method for examining irregular menstruationTechnical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of irregular menstruation, in particular to a method for checking irregular menstruation.
Background
Menstrual disorder, also known as irregular menstruation, is a common gynecological disease manifested as abnormal menstrual cycle or bleeding amount, accompanied by abdominal pain and general symptoms before and during menstruation. The etiology may be organic lesions or dysfunctions.
Menoxenia is clinically manifested as a disturbance in the menstrual cycle or in the amount of bleeding, with several conditions: (1) irregular metrorrhagia, including menorrhagia, prolonged menorrhea, and dripping metrorrhagia, which are commonly seen in hysteromyoma, endometrial polyp, endometriosis, and other disease conditions or dysfunctional uterine bleeding; (2) dysfunctional uterine bleeding, which means abnormal uterine bleeding caused by the imbalance of endocrine regulation system without obvious organic lesions in internal and external genitalia, is the most common one of menstrual disorders and is common in adolescence and menopause; (3) amenorrhea, a common symptom in gynecological diseases, can be caused by various reasons; (4) menopause, i.e., the termination of menstruation, refers to the cessation of menstruation for more than 12 months. The four cases mentioned above are most important to identify irregular uterine bleeding and dysfunctional uterine bleeding, since the former is often directed to cancer, while the latter is a benign disease.
The traditional method for examining the irregular menstruation mainly comprises B ultrasonic examination, cytology examination, biopsy, endocrine determination and the like. The main disadvantages are: the accuracy of examination is limited by the level of operators, high misdiagnosis rate (15-55%), painful examinees, long examination period, and inability to distinguish benign epithelial tissue changes from malignant tumors. Especially biopsy, requires one or even several biopsies to confirm the diagnosis, which undoubtedly increases the pain and cost of the patient and delays the treatment time. The disadvantages of the above diagnostic methods have led to an increasing clinical need for convenient and effective methods for aiding diagnosis.
The main components of menstruation are mainly blood, and also small amounts of endometrial debris, inflammatory cells, mucous cells, cervical exfoliated cells, and exfoliated epithelial cells of the vagina, microorganisms (such as bacteria, fungi, trichomonas) in the vagina. Since the cellular and fluid components of menstrual blood are mainly derived from blood vessels of the human body, the material components of menstrual blood can reflect the blood components of the human body. Blood in a human blood vessel needs a special nurse to prick the needle, the operation difficulty is high, the operation is needed to be carried out in a fixed place, and if repeated detection is carried out, the patient needs to prick the needle for many times, which is extremely painful. The blood is taken for the end and the slight blood like the blood sugar, and the repeated detection can cause great harm to the patient. In addition, menstrual blood also contains endometrial fragments, cervical exfoliated cells, vaginal epithelial cells and vaginal microorganisms, and can reflect pathological changes of endometrium, cervix uteri and vagina.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for checking irregular menstruation, which has the advantages of no radiation damage to human bodies, short detection time, low cost and no wound, can be used for once a month for women, can enable the women to know the disease causes of the irregular menstruation as soon as possible, and adopts prevention and treatment measures.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
a method for examining irregular menstruation, which comprises the following steps: collecting menstrual blood, and detecting estradiol, prolactin, testosterone, luteinizing hormone, progestogen, follicle stimulating hormone, thyroxine (T4), triiodothyronine (T3), Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH), free T3, free T4, Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH), epithelial cells, etc. in the menstrual blood, it can indicate the cause of menoxenia.
Menstrual blood can be obtained by directly inserting a cotton swab into female vagina and/or indirectly separating menstrual blood from sanitary napkin, underpants, gauze, etc.
After menstrual blood was obtained, centrifugation was performed, and the supernatant was subjected to measurement of contents of estradiol, prolactin, testosterone, luteinizing hormone, progestin, follicle stimulating hormone, thyroxine (T4), triiodothyronine (T3), Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH), free T3, free T4, and Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH), and the centrifuged precipitate was subjected to epithelial cell detection.
Estradiol, prolactin, testosterone, luteinizing hormone, progestin, follicle stimulating hormone, thyroxine (T4), triiodothyronine (T3), Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH), free T3, free T4, Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) content determination methods include colloidal gold, chemiluminescence, electrochemiluminescence, image analysis based on microscopic imaging systems, and the like. The epithelial cell detection method includes a human method, an instrument method, and the like.
The determination method of the detection result is that the content of estradiol, prolactin, testosterone, luteinizing hormone, progestogen, follicle stimulating hormone, thyroxine (T4), triiodothyronine (T3), Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH), free T3, free T4 and Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) in the menstrual blood is higher or lower than the content of the menstrual blood of healthy people, the detection result is determined as an abnormal value, otherwise, the detection result is determined as a normal value; the normal value of the epithelial cells in menstrual blood is more than 5 per high power lens visual field, the shape is clear, the surface has no bacteria attachment, the single nucleus and the chromatin is uniformly distributed, and the abnormal value is less than 1 per high power lens visual field, the shape is fuzzy, the surface has bacteria attachment, the nucleus is large and has different sizes, the nuclear membrane of the nuclear malformation is thickened, the nucleus is deeply dyed, and the nuclear-cytoplasmic proportion is abnormal.
Then, the cause of the irregular menstruation can be judged, the judgment method is that the detection value of one or more of menses estradiol, prolactin, testosterone, luteinizing hormone, progestational hormone and follicle stimulating hormone is abnormal value, and the cause of the irregular menstruation can be sex hormone imbalance; when one or more of menstrual thyroxine (T4), triiodothyronine (T3), Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH), free T3, free T4 and Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) are detected as abnormal values, the cause of menoxenia may be endocrine hormone disorder; when the value of the menstrual blood epithelial cells is abnormal, the cause of the irregular menstruation may be vaginitis or cancer.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the method has the advantages of no radiation damage to human bodies, short detection time, low cost and no wound, and the female can detect the disease once a month, so that the female can know the disease cause of irregular menstruation as soon as possible and take prevention and treatment measures.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below. It should be understood that the detailed description and specific examples, while indicating the invention, are intended for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
The specific implementation mode adopts the following technical scheme:
the sanitary napkin with menstrual blood was cut off by about 2 cm square, and the absorbent pad was carefully cut off together. The cut sanitary napkin was placed in 10ml of physiological saline and shaken on a shaker for 10 minutes. Filtering with 300 mesh sieve. 10. mu.l of the filtered liquid was taken and counted for red blood cells. The amount of menstrual blood (in ml) was obtained by dividing the number of red blood cells by 25 ten thousand. After menstrual blood was obtained, the number of red blood cells in menstrual blood was counted by a method of quantifying 1ml of menstrual blood per 40 billion red blood cells.
Taking 1ml of the filtered liquid, centrifuging, taking 50 microliter of supernatant, measuring the contents of estradiol, prolactin, testosterone, luteinizing hormone, progestogen, follicle stimulating hormone, thyroxine (T4), triiodothyronine (T3), Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH), free T3, free T4 and Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) by a chemiluminescence method, multiplying the measured value by 200, and dividing the value by the amount of menstrual blood to obtain the measured values of the contents of estradiol, prolactin, testosterone, luteinizing hormone, progestogen, follicle stimulating hormone, thyroxine (T4), triiodothyronine (T3), Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH), free T3, free T4 and Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) in the menstrual blood. And (5) taking the centrifuged precipitate, and detecting epithelial cells by a human method.
Judging whether the detection result is abnormal or not, wherein the judging method comprises the following steps: estradiol, prolactin, testosterone, luteinizing hormone, progestogen, follicle stimulating hormone, thyroxine (T4), triiodothyronine (T3), Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH), free T3, free T4, and Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) in menstrual blood, wherein the content of the thyroid stimulating hormone in the menstrual blood is higher or lower than that in healthy people, and the menstrual blood is determined as abnormal value, otherwise, the menstrual blood is determined as normal value; the normal value of the epithelial cells in menstrual blood is more than 5 per high power lens visual field, the shape is clear, the surface has no bacteria attachment, the single nucleus and the chromatin is uniformly distributed, and the abnormal value is less than 1 per high power lens visual field, the shape is fuzzy, the surface has bacteria attachment, the nucleus is large and has different sizes, the nuclear membrane of the nuclear malformation is thickened, the nucleus is deeply dyed, and the nuclear-cytoplasmic proportion is abnormal.
Finally, the cause of the irregular menstruation can be judged, wherein the judgment method is that the detection value of one or more of menses estradiol, prolactin, testosterone, luteinizing hormone, progestational hormone and follicle stimulating hormone is abnormal value, and the cause of the irregular menstruation can be sex hormone imbalance; when one or more of menstrual thyroxine (T4), triiodothyronine (T3), Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH), free T3, free T4 and Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) are detected as abnormal values, the cause of menoxenia may be endocrine hormone disorder; when the value of the menstrual blood epithelial cells is abnormal, the cause of the irregular menstruation may be vaginitis or cancer.
The advantages of this embodiment are: the method has the advantages of no radiation damage to human bodies, short detection time, low cost and no wound, and the female can detect the disease once a month, so that the female can know the disease cause of irregular menstruation as soon as possible and take prevention and treatment measures.
It will be evident to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the foregoing illustrative embodiments, and that the present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential attributes thereof. The present embodiments are therefore to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein. Any reference sign in a claim should not be construed as limiting the claim concerned.
Furthermore, it should be understood that although the present description refers to embodiments, not every embodiment may contain only a single embodiment, and such description is for clarity only, and those skilled in the art should integrate the description, and the embodiments may be combined as appropriate to form other embodiments understood by those skilled in the art.