技术领域technical field
本发明属于输水工程领域，具体涉及一种明渠输水工程事故段退水闸应急调控方法。The invention belongs to the field of water conveyance projects, and in particular relates to an emergency control method for a return sluice in an accident section of an open channel water conveyance project.
背景技术Background technique
为调节水资源的分布不均，我国修建了许多长距离明渠输水工程，如南水北调中线工程、东线工程等。为便于调节水位和流量，渠道每隔一定距离设置节制闸。为应对突发事故，渠道内设退水闸。In order to adjust the uneven distribution of water resources, many long-distance open channel water delivery projects have been built in my country, such as the middle route project and the east route project of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project. In order to facilitate the adjustment of water level and flow, control gates are set at certain distances in the channel. In order to deal with emergencies, there is a backwater gate in the channel.
应急调度时，事故点两端的节制闸快速关闭，降低输水流量。事故段水流在惯性的作用下保持向下游运动，受到节制闸阻碍后，部分水波反射向上游传播，遇到节制闸后再次反射和反向传播，往复多次后逐渐停歇。因此，整个水力过渡过程中，水面线坡度变缓的同时，还伴随水位的大幅波动，持续数小时甚至十余小时。为防止水位爬升过高，需多次启用退水闸。同时，兼顾安全性与经济性，要求稳定后水位停在设定的位置，通常是最大安全水位。During emergency dispatch, the control gates at both ends of the accident point are quickly closed to reduce the water flow. The water flow in the accident section keeps moving downstream under the action of inertia. After being hindered by the control gate, part of the water wave reflects and propagates upstream. After encountering the control gate, it reflects and propagates in the opposite direction again. Therefore, during the entire hydraulic transition process, while the slope of the water surface line slows down, it is also accompanied by large fluctuations in the water level, which last for several hours or even more than ten hours. In order to prevent the water level from rising too high, it is necessary to activate the retreat gate several times. At the same time, taking into account both safety and economy, the water level is required to stop at the set position after stabilization, usually the maximum safe water level.
传统方法中，退水闸的应急调控主要依赖操作人员的个人经验和判断。由于水力过渡过程较长，准确预判稳定后的水位较难，在应急调控的前期，仅在退水闸处水位超过启用水位时开启退水闸，并采用较高的退水闸关闭水位(通常是设计水位)，以避免过量退水。在应急调控的后期，待水位接近稳定时，多次启用退水闸进行修正。受人工预判水平所限，以及前期操作偏于保守，后期常需频繁修正水位偏差，退水闸启闭次数较多。In the traditional method, the emergency control of the retreat sluice mainly depends on the personal experience and judgment of the operator. Due to the long hydraulic transition process, it is difficult to accurately predict the water level after stabilization. In the early stage of emergency regulation, the retreat gate is only opened when the water level at the retreat gate exceeds the enabled water level, and a higher shut-off water level of the retreat gate is adopted (usually the design water level) to avoid excessive backwater. In the later stage of emergency control, when the water level is close to stability, the water return gate is used several times to make corrections. Due to the limitation of artificial prediction level and the conservative operation in the early stage, the water level deviation often needs to be corrected frequently in the later stage, and the number of opening and closing of the retreat gate is large.
发明内容Contents of the invention
针对现有技术的不足，本发明提出一种退水闸应急调控方法，事先估算所需的退水闸启用时间，在应急调度的前期，视水情及时有序安排退水；在应急调度的后期，结合水位预测公式计算结果，修正退水闸启用时间；在退水闸关闭水位设定方面，以正常运行下限水位替换设计水位，以延长退水闸的单次退水时间。本发明有助于减少退水闸的启用次数，提高应急调控的有序性和可靠性。Aiming at the deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention proposes an emergency control method for the retreat sluice, which estimates the required start-up time of the retreat sluice in advance, and in the early stage of the emergency dispatch, arranges the retreat in a timely and orderly manner depending on the water condition; in the later stage of the emergency dispatch, Combined with the calculation results of the water level prediction formula, the opening time of the retreat gate is corrected; in terms of setting the closing water level of the retreat gate, the design water level is replaced by the lower limit water level of normal operation to extend the single retreat time of the retreat gate. The invention helps to reduce the number of activations of the sluice sluice, and improves the orderliness and reliability of emergency control.
为了达到上述发明目的，本发明采用的技术方案为：一种明渠输水工程事故段退水闸应急调控方法，包括以下步骤：In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose of the invention, the technical solution adopted in the present invention is: an emergency control method for the emergency control of the water gate in the accident section of the open channel water conveyance project, comprising the following steps:
S1、建立事故段渠道的一维非均匀流仿真模型；S1. Establish a one-dimensional non-uniform flow simulation model of the channel in the accident section;
S2、基于一维非均匀流仿真模型，获取事故前t0时刻的事故段水体体积；S2. Based on the one-dimensional non-uniform flow simulation model, the volume of the water body in the accident section at timet0 before the accident is obtained;
S3、基于一维非均匀流仿真模型，获取事故后t1时刻的事故段水体体积；S3. Based on the one-dimensional non-uniform flow simulation model, obtain the volume of the water body in the accident section at time t1 after the accident;
S4、根据t0时刻和t1时刻的事故段水体体积，获取估计退水闸启用时间；S4. According to the volume of the water body in the accident section at timet0 and timet1 , obtain the estimated opening time of the retreat gate;
S5、获取水力过渡过程中水位波动周期；S5. Obtain the water level fluctuation period in the hydraulic transition process;
S6、监测退水闸处的水位和闸前水位；S6, monitor the water level at the retreat gate and the water level in front of the gate;
S7、根据退水闸处的水位选择退水闸的启闭，并记录每次退水的退水用时；S7. Select the opening and closing of the water withdrawal gate according to the water level at the water withdrawal gate, and record the water withdrawal time for each water withdrawal;
S8、根据水位波动周期和闸前水位，对估计退水闸启用时间进行更新，获取最终退水闸启用时间；S8. According to the water level fluctuation cycle and the water level in front of the sluice, update the estimated opening time of the water withdrawal gate, and obtain the final opening time of the water withdrawal gate;
S9、判断退水用时累计值是否等于最终退水闸启用时间，若是，则结束退水闸调控，否则重复步骤S7直至退水用时累计值等于最终退水闸启用时间，并结束退水闸调控。S9. Judging whether the cumulative value of water withdrawal time is equal to the final activation time of the water withdrawal gate, if so, end the regulation of the water withdrawal gate, otherwise repeat step S7 until the cumulative value of water withdrawal time is equal to the final activation time of the water withdrawal gate, and end the regulation of the water withdrawal gate.
进一步地，所述步骤S1中一维非均匀流仿真模型通过HEC-RAS或Mike 11构建，其由N+1个过流断面分隔为N个长度为li的子渠段，i＝1,2,...,N。Further, the one-dimensional non-uniform flow simulation model in the step S1 is constructed by HEC-RAS or Mike 11, which is divided into N sub-drainage sections with length li by N+1 flow sections, i=1, 2,...,N.
进一步地，所述步骤S2中事故前t0时刻的事故段水体体积V(t0)具体为：Further, the water body volume V(t0 ) of the accident section at the moment t0 before the accident in the step S2 is specifically:
其中，Vi(t0)表示第i段子渠段在t0时刻的水体体积，Ai(t0)表示第i个过流断面在t0时刻的过流面积，Ai+1(t0)表示第i+1个过流断面在t0时刻的过流面积。Among them, Vi (t0 ) represents the water body volume of the i-th sub-canal section at time t0 , Ai (t0 ) represents the flow area of the i-th flow section at time t0 , Ai+1 (t0 ) represents the flow area of the i+1th flow section at time t0 .
进一步地，所述步骤S3中事故后t1时刻的事故段水体体积V(t1)具体为：Further, the volume V(t1 ) of the water body in the accident section at the moment t1 after the accident in the step S3 is specifically:
其中，Vi(t1)表示第i段子渠段在t1时刻的水体体积，Ai(t1)表示第i个过流断面在t1时刻的过流面积，Ai+1(t1)表示第i+1个过流断面在t1时刻的过流面积。Among them, Vi (t1 ) represents the water body volume of the i-th sub-canal section at time t1 , Ai (t1 ) represents the flow area of the i-th flow section at time t1 , Ai+1 (t1 ) represents the flow area of the i+1th flow section at timet1 .
进一步地，所述步骤S4中估计退水闸启用时间Tesc具体为：Further, in the step S4, the estimated activation time Tesc of the retreat gate is specifically:
其中，V(t0)表示事故前t0时刻的事故段水体体积，V(t1)表示事故后t1时刻的事故段水体体积，q表示退水闸的设计流量。Among them, V(t0 ) represents the volume of water body in the accident section at time t0 before the accident, V(t1 ) represents the volume of water body in the accident section at time t1 after the accident, and q represents the design flow rate of the retreat sluice.
进一步地，所述步骤S5中水位波动周期Twave具体为：Further, the water level fluctuation period Twave in the step S5 is specifically:
其中，L表示水波单程传播行程，C表示水波波速，g表示重力加速度，Ai(t1)表示t1时刻第i个过流断面的过流面积，Bi(t1)表示t1时刻第i个过流断面的水面宽。Among them, L represents the one-way propagation distance of the water wave, C represents the wave velocity of the water wave, g represents the acceleration of gravity, Ai (t1 ) represents the flow area of the i-th flow section at time t1 , and Bi (t1 ) represents the flow area at time t1 The water surface width of the i-th flow section.
进一步地，所述步骤S7具体为：Further, the step S7 is specifically:
S7.1、判断退水闸处的水位Yesc(t)是否大于等于退水闸启用水位Ymax，若是，则开启退水闸，并重复步骤S7.1，否则进入步骤S7.2；S7.1. Determine whether the water level Yesc (t) at the backwater gate is greater than or equal to the water level Ymax at the backwater gate, if so, open the backwater gate, and repeat step S7.1, otherwise enter step S7.2;
S7.2、判断退水闸处的水位Yesc(t)是否小于等于退水闸关闭水位Ymin，若是，则关闭退水闸，记录退水用时tesc(t)，并返回步骤S7.1，否则进入步骤S7.3；S7.2. Determine whether the water level Yesc (t) at the retreat gate is less than or equal to the shut-off water level Ymin of the retreat gate, if so, close the retreat gate, record the retreat time tesc (t), and return to step S7.1, otherwise Go to step S7.3;
S7.3、判断退水闸处的水位Yesc(t)是否上涨，若是，则进入步骤S7.4，否则维持退水闸关闭，并重复步骤S7.3；S7.3. Determine whether the water level Yesc (t) at the backwater gate has risen, if so, proceed to step S7.4, otherwise keep the backwater gate closed, and repeat step S7.3;
S7.4、判断退水闸处的水位Yesc(t)是否涨停或大于退水闸启用水位Ymax，若是，则开启退水闸，并返回步骤S7.2，否则维持退水闸关闭，并重复步骤S7.4。S7.4. Determine whether the water level Yesc (t) at the backwater gate is daily limit or greater than the water level Ymax at the backwater gate, if so, open the backwater gate and return to step S7.2, otherwise keep the backwater gate closed, and repeat step S7 .4.
进一步地，所述步骤S8具体为：Further, the step S8 is specifically:
S8.1、判断退水用时累计值是否大于等于0.9Tesc，若是，则采用二次移动平均法预测t2时刻的闸前水位为/>并进入步骤S8.2，否则重复步骤S8.1；S8.1. Judging the cumulative value of water withdrawal time Whether it is greater than or equal to 0.9Tesc , if so, use the quadratic moving average method to predict the water level in front of the gate at timet2 as /> And enter step S8.2, otherwise repeat step S8.1;
S8.2、判断t2时刻的闸前水位是否小于Ygate(t1)-0.02m，若是，则将估计退水闸启用时间更新为Tesc*(1-1％)，得到最终退水闸启用时间，否则进入步骤S8.3；S8.2. Judging the water level in front of the gate at timet2 Whether it is less than Ygate (t1 )-0.02m, if yes, then update the estimated activation time of the retreat gate to Tesc *(1-1%) to obtain the final activation time of the retreat gate, otherwise enter step S8.3;
S8.3、判断t2时刻的闸前水位是否大于Ygate(t1)+0.02m，若是，则将估计退水闸启用时间更新为Tesc*(1+1％)，得到最终退水闸启用时间，否则判定并将估计退水闸启用时间直接作为最终退水闸启用时间；S8.3. Judging the water level in front of the gate at timet2 Is it greater than Ygate (t1 )+0.02m? If so, update the estimated activation time of the retreat gate to Tesc *(1+1%) to obtain the final activation time of the retreat gate, otherwise determine The estimated opening time of the retreat gate is directly used as the final opening time of the retreat gate;
其中，t2表示当前时刻t增加0.1Tesc后的时刻，Tesc表示估计退水闸启用时间，Ygate(t1)表示t1时刻的闸前水位。Among them, t2 represents the moment after the current time t is increased by 0.1Tesc , Tesc represents the estimated opening time of the retreat gate, and Ygate (t1 ) represents the water level in front of the gate at time t1 .
进一步地，所述步骤S8.2中t2时刻的闸前水位为具体为：Further, the water level in front of the sluice at timet2 in the step S8.2 is Specifically:
at＝2Ygate(t)(1)-Ygate(t)(2)at = 2Ygate (t)(1) -Ygate (t)(2)
其中，at表示第一中间系数，bt表示第二中间系数，Ygate(t)(1)表示Ygate(t)的一次移动平均值，Ygate(t)(2)表示Ygate(t)的二次移动平均值，Tf表示本期与预测期相隔的期数，n表示移动平均的跨越期，n与水位波动周期Twave相等。Among them, at represents the first intermediate coefficient, bt represents the second intermediate coefficient, Ygate (t)(1) represents a moving average of Ygate (t), Ygate (t)(2) represents Ygate ( t), Tf represents the number of periods between the current period and the forecast period, n represents the span period of the moving average, and n is equal to the water level fluctuation period Twave .
本发明的有益效果为：The beneficial effects of the present invention are:
(1)本发明提供了一种明渠输水工程事故段退水闸应急调控方法，通过获取所需的退水闸启用时间，在应急调度的前期，视水情及时有序安排退水。(1) The present invention provides an emergency control method for the retreat sluice in the accident section of the open channel water conveyance project. By obtaining the required opening time of the retreat sluice, in the early stage of emergency dispatching, the retreat is arranged in a timely and orderly manner depending on the water condition.
(2)本发明在应急调度的后期，结合水位预测公式计算结果，修正退水闸启用时间；在退水闸关闭水位设定方面，以正常运行下限水位替换设计水位，以延长退水闸的单次退水时间。(2) In the late stage of emergency dispatching, the present invention, combined with the calculation results of the water level prediction formula, corrects the opening time of the retreat gate; in terms of setting the closing water level of the retreat gate, replaces the design water level with the lower limit water level of normal operation to prolong the single withdrawal of the retreat gate. water time.
(3)本发明有助于减少退水闸的启用次数，提高应急调控的有序性和可靠性。(3) The present invention helps to reduce the number of activations of the water retreat gate, and improves the orderliness and reliability of emergency control.
(4)本发明相比于传统的操作人员使用经验判断是否开启退水闸，退水时间和退水量更加准确，能够避免过量退水，且减少了退水闸开启关闭次数，提高了退水效率。(4) Compared with the traditional operator's experience in judging whether to open the water withdrawal gate, the present invention has more accurate water withdrawal time and volume, can avoid excessive water withdrawal, reduce the number of opening and closing times of the water withdrawal gate, and improve the water withdrawal efficiency.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本发明提出的一种明渠输水工程事故段退水闸应急调控方法流程图。Fig. 1 is a flow chart of an emergency control method for an open channel water conveyance project accident section retreat sluice proposed by the present invention.
图2为事故段渠道对应的结构和水位示意图。Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the corresponding structure and water level of the channel in the accident section.
图3为本发明实施例二的退水闸水位实验结果对比图。Fig. 3 is a comparison chart of the experimental results of the water level of the retreat sluice according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
图4为本发明实施例二的闸前水位实验结果对比图。Fig. 4 is a comparison diagram of the experimental results of the water level in front of the sluice according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面对本发明的具体实施方式进行描述，以便于本技术领域的技术人员理解本发明，但应该清楚，本发明不限于具体实施方式的范围，对本技术领域的普通技术人员来讲，只要各种变化在所附的权利要求限定和确定的本发明的精神和范围内，这些变化是显而易见的，一切利用本发明构思的发明创造均在保护之列。The specific embodiments of the present invention are described below so that those skilled in the art can understand the present invention, but it should be clear that the present invention is not limited to the scope of the specific embodiments. For those of ordinary skill in the art, as long as various changes Within the spirit and scope of the present invention defined and determined by the appended claims, these changes are obvious, and all inventions and creations using the concept of the present invention are included in the protection list.
下面结合附图详细说明本发明的实施例。Embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
实施例一Embodiment one
如图1所示，一种明渠输水工程事故段退水闸应急调控方法，包括以下步骤：As shown in Figure 1, an emergency control method for the backwater sluice in the accident section of the open channel water conveyance project includes the following steps:
S1、建立事故段渠道的一维非均匀流仿真模型；S1. Establish a one-dimensional non-uniform flow simulation model of the channel in the accident section;
S2、基于一维非均匀流仿真模型，获取事故前t0时刻的事故段水体体积；S2. Based on the one-dimensional non-uniform flow simulation model, the volume of the water body in the accident section at timet0 before the accident is obtained;
S3、基于一维非均匀流仿真模型，获取事故后t1时刻的事故段水体体积；S3. Based on the one-dimensional non-uniform flow simulation model, obtain the volume of the water body in the accident section at time t1 after the accident;
S4、根据t0时刻和t1时刻的事故段水体体积，获取估计退水闸启用时间；S4. According to the volume of the water body in the accident section at timet0 and timet1 , obtain the estimated opening time of the retreat gate;
S5、获取水力过渡过程中水位波动周期；S5. Obtain the water level fluctuation period in the hydraulic transition process;
S6、监测退水闸处的水位和闸前水位；S6, monitor the water level at the retreat gate and the water level in front of the gate;
S7、根据退水闸处的水位选择退水闸的启闭，并记录每次退水的退水用时；S7. Select the opening and closing of the water withdrawal gate according to the water level at the water withdrawal gate, and record the water withdrawal time for each water withdrawal;
S8、根据水位波动周期和闸前水位，对估计退水闸启用时间进行更新，获取最终退水闸启用时间；S8. According to the water level fluctuation cycle and the water level in front of the sluice, update the estimated opening time of the water withdrawal gate, and obtain the final opening time of the water withdrawal gate;
S9、判断退水用时累计值是否等于最终退水闸启用时间，若是，则结束退水闸调控，否则重复步骤S7直至退水用时累计值等于最终退水闸启用时间，并结束退水闸调控。S9. Judging whether the cumulative value of water withdrawal time is equal to the final activation time of the water withdrawal gate, if so, end the regulation of the water withdrawal gate, otherwise repeat step S7 until the cumulative value of water withdrawal time is equal to the final activation time of the water withdrawal gate, and end the regulation of the water withdrawal gate.
所述步骤S1中一维非均匀流仿真模型通过HEC-RAS或Mike 11构建，其由N+1个过流断面分隔为N个长度为li的子渠段，i＝1,2,...,N。每个子渠段均有一个对应的过流断面。The one-dimensional non-uniform flow simulation model in the step S1 is constructed by HEC-RAS or Mike 11, which is divided into N sub-drainage sections of length li by N+1 flow sections, i=1, 2,. .., N. Each subchannel has a corresponding flow section.
所述步骤S2中事故前t0时刻的事故段水体体积V(t0)具体为：The water body volume V(t0 ) of the accident section at the moment t0 before the accident in the step S2 is specifically:
其中，Vi(t0)表示第i段子渠段在t0时刻的水体体积，Ai(t0)表示第i个过流断面在t0时刻的过流面积，Ai+1(t0)表示第i+1个过流断面在t0时刻的过流面积。Among them, Vi (t0 ) represents the water body volume of the i-th sub-canal section at time t0 , Ai (t0 ) represents the flow area of the i-th flow section at time t0 , Ai+1 (t0 ) represents the flow area of the i+1th flow section at time t0 .
所述步骤S3中事故后t1时刻的事故段水体体积V(t1)具体为：The water body volume V(t1 ) of the accident section at the moment t1 after the accident in the step S3 is specifically:
其中，Vi(t1)表示第i段子渠段在t1时刻的水体体积，Ai(t1)表示第i个过流断面在t1时刻的过流面积，Ai+1(t1)表示第i+1个过流断面在t1时刻的过流面积。Among them, Vi (t1 ) represents the water body volume of the i-th sub-canal section at time t1 , Ai (t1 ) represents the flow area of the i-th flow section at time t1 , Ai+1 (t1 ) represents the flow area of the i+1th flow section at timet1 .
所述步骤S4中估计退水闸启用时间Tesc具体为：In the step S4, it is estimated that the time Tesc for enabling the return gate is specifically:
其中，V(t0)表示事故前t0时刻的事故段水体体积，V(t1)表示事故后t1时刻的事故段水体体积，q表示退水闸的设计流量。Among them, V(t0 ) represents the volume of water body in the accident section at time t0 before the accident, V(t1 ) represents the volume of water body in the accident section at time t1 after the accident, and q represents the design flow rate of the retreat sluice.
所述步骤S5中水位波动周期Twave具体为：The water level fluctuation period Twave in the step S5 is specifically:
其中，L表示水波单程传播行程，C表示水波波速，g表示重力加速度，Ai(t1)表示t1时刻第i个过流断面的过流面积，Bi(t1)表示t1时刻第i个过流断面的水面宽。Among them, L represents the one-way propagation distance of the water wave, C represents the wave velocity of the water wave, g represents the acceleration of gravity, Ai (t1 ) represents the flow area of the i-th flow section at time t1 , and Bi (t1 ) represents the flow area at time t1 The water surface width of the i-th flow section.
所述步骤S7具体为：The step S7 is specifically:
S7.1、判断退水闸处的水位Yesc(t)是否大于等于退水闸启用水位Ymax，若是，则开启退水闸，并重复步骤S7.1，否则进入步骤S7.2；S7.1. Determine whether the water level Yesc (t) at the backwater gate is greater than or equal to the water level Ymax at the backwater gate, if so, open the backwater gate, and repeat step S7.1, otherwise enter step S7.2;
S7.2、判断退水闸处的水位Yesc(t)是否小于等于退水闸关闭水位Ymin，若是，则关闭退水闸，记录退水用时tesc(t)，并返回步骤S7.1，否则进入步骤S7.3；S7.2. Determine whether the water level Yesc (t) at the retreat gate is less than or equal to the shut-off water level Ymin of the retreat gate, if so, close the retreat gate, record the retreat time tesc (t), and return to step S7.1, otherwise Go to step S7.3;
S7.3、判断退水闸处的水位Yesc(t)是否上涨，若是，则进入步骤S7.4，否则维持退水闸关闭，并重复步骤S7.3；S7.3. Determine whether the water level Yesc (t) at the backwater gate has risen, if so, proceed to step S7.4, otherwise keep the backwater gate closed, and repeat step S7.3;
S7.4、判断退水闸处的水位Yesc(t)是否涨停或大于退水闸启用水位Ymax，若是，则开启退水闸，并返回步骤S7.2，否则维持退水闸关闭，并重复步骤S7.4。S7.4. Determine whether the water level Yesc (t) at the backwater gate is daily limit or greater than the water level Ymax at the backwater gate, if so, open the backwater gate and return to step S7.2, otherwise keep the backwater gate closed, and repeat step S7 .4.
所述步骤S8具体为：The step S8 is specifically:
S8.1、判断退水用时累计值是否大于等于0.9Tesc，若是，则采用二次移动平均法预测t2时刻的闸前水位为/>并进入步骤S8.2，否则重复步骤S8.1；S8.1. Judging the cumulative value of water withdrawal time Whether it is greater than or equal to 0.9Tesc , if so, use the quadratic moving average method to predict the water level in front of the gate at timet2 as /> And enter step S8.2, otherwise repeat step S8.1;
S8.2、判断t2时刻的闸前水位是否小于Ygate(t1)-0.02m，若是，则将估计退水闸启用时间更新为Tesc*(1-1％)，得到最终退水闸启用时间，否则进入步骤S8.3；S8.2. Judging the water level in front of the gate at timet2 Whether it is less than Ygate (t1 )-0.02m, if yes, then update the estimated activation time of the retreat gate to Tesc *(1-1%) to obtain the final activation time of the retreat gate, otherwise enter step S8.3;
S8.3、判断t2时刻的闸前水位是否大于Ygate(t1)+0.02m，若是，则将估计退水闸启用时间更新为Tesc*(1+1％)，得到最终退水闸启用时间，否则判定并将估计退水闸启用时间直接作为最终退水闸启用时间；S8.3. Judging the water level in front of the gate at timet2 Is it greater than Ygate (t1 )+0.02m? If so, update the estimated activation time of the retreat gate to Tesc *(1+1%) to obtain the final activation time of the retreat gate, otherwise determine The estimated opening time of the retreat gate is directly used as the final opening time of the retreat gate;
其中，t2表示当前时刻t增加0.1Tesc后的时刻，Tesc表示估计退水闸启用时间，Ygate(t1)表示t1时刻的闸前水位。Among them, t2 represents the moment after the current time t is increased by 0.1Tesc , Tesc represents the estimated opening time of the retreat gate, and Ygate (t1 ) represents the water level in front of the gate at time t1 .
所述步骤S8.2中t2时刻的闸前水位为具体为：In the step S8.2, the water level in front of the sluice at timet2 is Specifically:
at＝2Ygate(t)(1)-Ygate(t)(2)at = 2Ygate (t)(1) -Ygate (t)(2)
其中，at表示第一中间系数，bt表示第二中间系数，Ygate(t)(1)表示Ygate(t)的一次移动平均值，Ygate(t)(2)表示Ygate(t)的二次移动平均值，Tf表示本期与预测期相隔的期数，n表示移动平均的跨越期，n与水位波动周期Twave相等。Among them, at represents the first intermediate coefficient, bt represents the second intermediate coefficient, Ygate (t)(1) represents a moving average of Ygate (t), Ygate (t)(2) represents Ygate ( t), Tf represents the number of periods between the current period and the forecast period, n represents the span period of the moving average, and n is equal to the water level fluctuation period Twave .
本发明的有益效果为：The beneficial effects of the present invention are:
(1)本发明提供了一种明渠输水工程事故段退水闸应急调控方法，通过获取所需的退水闸启用时间，在应急调度的前期，视水情及时有序安排退水。(1) The present invention provides an emergency control method for the retreat sluice in the accident section of the open channel water conveyance project. By obtaining the required opening time of the retreat sluice, in the early stage of emergency dispatching, the retreat is arranged in a timely and orderly manner depending on the water condition.
(2)本发明在应急调度的后期，结合水位预测公式计算结果，修正退水闸启用时间；在退水闸关闭水位设定方面，以正常运行下限水位替换设计水位，以延长退水闸的单次退水时间。(2) In the late stage of emergency dispatching, the present invention, combined with the calculation results of the water level prediction formula, corrects the opening time of the retreat gate; in terms of setting the closing water level of the retreat gate, replaces the design water level with the lower limit water level of normal operation to prolong the single withdrawal of the retreat gate. water time.
(3)本发明有助于减少退水闸的启用次数，提高应急调控的有序性和可靠性。(3) The present invention helps to reduce the number of activations of the water retreat gate, and improves the orderliness and reliability of emergency control.
(4)本发明相比于传统的操作人员使用经验判断是否开启退水闸，退水时间和退水量更加准确，能够避免过量退水，且减少了退水闸开启关闭次数，提高了退水效率。(4) Compared with the traditional operator's experience in judging whether to open the water withdrawal gate, the present invention has more accurate water withdrawal time and volume, can avoid excessive water withdrawal, reduce the number of opening and closing times of the water withdrawal gate, and improve the water withdrawal efficiency.
实施例二Embodiment two
如图2所示，事故段渠道含上节制闸、下节制闸和退水闸。退水闸的启用水位为Ymax，关闭水位为Ymin。事故发生前，渠道输水流量为Q(t0)，闸前水位为Ygate(t0)。事故发生后，上下节制闸应急关闭，输水流量降至Q(t1)。为保证水力过渡过程中，退水闸处瞬时水位不超过Ymax，闸前水位稳定在Ygate(t1)，采用以下退水闸调控方法。As shown in Figure 2, the channel in the accident section includes the upper control gate, the lower control gate and the retreat gate. The starting water level of the retreat gate is Ymax , and the closing water level is Ymin . Before the accident, the water delivery flow of the channel is Q(t0 ), and the water level in front of the gate is Ygate (t0 ). After the accident, the upper and lower control gates were closed in an emergency, and the water delivery flow was reduced to Q(t1 ). In order to ensure that during the hydraulic transition process, the instantaneous water level at the retreat gate does not exceed Ymax , and the water level in front of the gate is stable at Ygate (t1 ), the following control method for the retreat gate is adopted.
1、建立事故段渠道的一维非均匀流仿真模型。可采用水利行业商业软件，如HEC-RAS、Mike 11等，也可采用Fortran、Matlab等语言自主建模。仿真模型中，渠道由N+1个过流断面分隔为N个长度为li(i＝1～N)的子渠段。1. Establish a one-dimensional non-uniform flow simulation model of the channel in the accident section. Commercial software in the water conservancy industry, such as HEC-RAS, Mike 11, etc. can be used, and languages such as Fortran and Matlab can also be used for independent modeling. In the simulation model, the channel is divided into N subchannel sections with length li (i=1～N) by N+1 flow-through sections.
2、采用步骤1建立的仿真模型，输入事故前t0时刻输水流量Q(t0)和闸前水位Ygate(t0)，计算事故前的水面线，输出各过流断面的水位Yi(t0)、过流面积Ai(t0)和水面宽Bi(t0)，计算各子渠段的水体体积Vi(t0)，叠加后得到事故段水体体积：2. Using the simulation model established in step 1, input the water delivery flow Q(t0 ) at time t0 before the accident and the water level Ygate (t0 ) in front of the gate, calculate the water surface line before the accident, and output the water level Y of each overflow sectioni (t0 ), flow area Ai (t0 ) and water surface width Bi (t0 ), calculate the water body volume Vi (t0 ) of each sub-canal section, and get the water body volume of the accident section after superposition:
3、采用步骤1建立的仿真模型，输入事故后t1时刻输水流量Q(t1)和闸前水位Ygate(t1)，计算应急调控后的水面线，输出各过流断面的水位Yi(t1)、过流面积Ai(t1)和水面宽Bi(t1)，计算各子渠段的水体体积Vi(t1)，叠加后得到事故段水体体积：3. Using the simulation model established in step 1, input the water delivery flow Q(t1 ) at time t1 after the accident and the water level Ygate (t1 ) in front of the gate, calculate the water surface line after emergency control, and output the water level of each overflow section Yi (t1 ), flow area Ai (t1 ) and water surface width Bi (t1 ), calculate the water body volume Vi (t1 ) of each sub-canal section, and get the water body volume of the accident section after superposition:
4、估算所需的退水闸启用时间式中q为退水闸的设计流量。4. Estimate the required opening time of the sluice gate In the formula, q is the design flow of the retreat sluice.
5、估算水力过渡过程中水位波动周期式中L为水波单程传播行程，C为波速，/>5. Estimate the water level fluctuation period in the process of hydraulic transition In the formula, L is the one-way propagation distance of the water wave, C is the wave velocity, />
6、监测退水闸处的水位Yesc(t)和闸前水位Ygate(t)。6. Monitor the water level Yesc (t) at the retreat gate and the water level Ygate (t) in front of the gate.
a)Yesc(t)≥Ymax，开启退水闸；a) Yesc (t) ≥ Ymax , open the return gate;
b)Yesc(t)≤Ymin，关闭退水闸，记录此次退水用时tesc(t)；b) Yesc (t)≤Ymin , close the water withdrawal gate, and record the water withdrawal time tesc (t);
c)Ymin<Yesc(t)<Ymax，若Yesc(t)上涨，维持退水闸关闭；若Yesc(t)涨停，开启退水闸；若Yesc(t)水位保持不变或下降，维持退水闸关闭。c) Ymin <Yesc (t)<Ymax , if Yesc (t) rises, keep the retreat gate closed; if Yesc (t) rises to the limit, open the retreat gate; if Yesc (t) water level remains unchanged or Descending, keep the water sluice closed.
当时，采用二次移动平均法预测t2＝t+0.1Tesc时刻的闸前水位/>当/>稳定时，when , use the quadratic moving average method to predict the water level in front of the sluice at t2 =t+0.1Tesc /> when /> when stable,
若则Tesc＝Tesc-Tesc*1％；like Then Tesc =Tesc -Tesc *1%;
若则Tesc＝Tesc+Tesc*1％；like Then Tesc =Tesc +Tesc *1%;
若则Tesc＝Tesc。like Then Tesc =Tesc .
预测公式中，at＝2Ygate(t)(1)-Ygate(t)(2)，Ygate(t)(1)为Ygate(t)的一次移动平均值，Ygate(t)(2)为Ygate(t)的二次移动平均值；Tf为本期t与预测期相隔的期数，按预测期0.1Tesc计；n为移动平均的跨越期，n＝Twave。In the prediction formula, at = 2Ygate (t)(1) -Ygate (t)(2) , Ygate (t)(1) is the primary moving average of Ygate (t), Ygate (t)(2) is the secondary moving average of Ygate (t); Tf is the current period t and the forecast period The number of intervals is calculated according to the forecast period 0.1Tesc ; n is the span period of the moving average, n=Twave .
7、当累计退水时间时，结束退水闸调控。7. When the accumulative dewatering time When , end the control of the sluice gate.
在本实施例中，以南水北调中线工程蒲阳河节制闸与西黑山节制闸之间的渠段发生的事故为例，事故段长36830m，特征参数如表1。事故点位于岗头隧洞入口处，距蒲阳河节制闸27099m，正常运行下限水位66.0m。事故点临近为漕河退水闸，退水闸的启用水位Ymax＝66.61m，关闭水位Ymin＝65.99m，设计退水流量62.5m3/s。事故发生前，渠道输水流量Q(t0)＝58m3/s，闸前水位Ygate(t0)＝65.45m。事故发生后，上下节制闸应急关闭，输水流量降至Q(t1)＝0m3/s。为保证水力过渡过程中，瞬时水位不超过Ymax＝66.61m，闸前水位稳定在Ygate(t1)＝66.10m，采用以下退水闸调控方法：In this example, take the accident in the canal section between Puyang River control gate and Xiheishan control gate of the South-to-North Water Diversion Middle Route Project as an example. The accident point is located at the entrance of the Gangtou Tunnel, 27099m away from the control gate of Puyang River, and the lower limit water level of normal operation is 66.0m. The Caohe Retreat Sluice is adjacent to the accident point. The opening water level Ymax = 66.61m, the closing water level Ymin = 65.99m, and the design retreat water flow is 62.5m3 /s. Before the accident, the channel water delivery flow Q(t0 )=58m3 /s, and the water level in front of the gate Ygate (t0 )=65.45m. After the accident, the upper and lower control gates were closed in an emergency, and the water delivery flow was reduced to Q(t1 )=0m3 /s. In order to ensure that the instantaneous water level does not exceed Ymax = 66.61m during the hydraulic transition process, and the water level in front of the gate is stable at Ygate (t1 ) = 66.10m, the following control methods for the retreat gate are adopted:
表1事故段特征参数Table 1 Characteristic parameters of the accident section
1、采用HEC-RAS水利仿真软件，建立事故段渠道的一维非均匀流仿真模型，由241个过流断面分隔为240个子渠段。1. Using HEC-RAS water conservancy simulation software, establish a one-dimensional non-uniform flow simulation model of the accident section channel, which is divided into 240 sub-canal sections by 241 flow-through sections.
2、采用仿真模型计算事故前的水面线，输出各过流断面水力参数，计算事故段事故前的水体体积：V(t0)＝392.287万m3。2. Use the simulation model to calculate the water surface line before the accident, output the hydraulic parameters of each flow section, and calculate the water body volume before the accident: V(t0 )=3,922,870 m3 .
3、采用仿真模型计算应急调控后的水面线，输出各过流断面水力参数，计算事故段事故后的水体体积：V(t1)＝342.166万m3。3. Use the simulation model to calculate the water surface line after emergency control, output the hydraulic parameters of each flow section, and calculate the water body volume after the accident: V(t1 )=3421660m3 .
4、估算所需的退水闸启用时间4. Estimate the required opening time of the sluice gate
5、估算水力过渡过程中水位波动周期式中波速5. Estimate the water level fluctuation period in the process of hydraulic transition Wave velocity in the formula
6、监测退水闸处的水位Yesc(t)和闸前水位Ygate(t)。6. Monitor the water level Yesc (t) at the retreat gate and the water level Ygate (t) in front of the gate.
岗头节制闸和西黑山节制闸的闸前水位仿真过程如图3、4所示。The simulation process of the water level in front of the Gangtou control gate and the Xiheishan control gate is shown in Figures 3 and 4.
第10min时，事故发生，Yesc(t)持续上涨至第19min，仍未达到退水闸启用水位，退水闸未启用。At the 10th minute, the accident occurred, and the Yesc (t) continued to rise until the 19th minute, but it still did not reach the enabling water level of the retreat gate, and the retreat gate was not activated.
第20min时，满足Yesc(t)≥66.6m条件，开启退水闸退水96min，至115min时，满足Yesc(t)≤66.0m条件，关闭退水闸；At the 20th minute, meet the condition of Yesc (t) ≥ 66.6m, open the retreat gate for 96 minutes, and at 115 minutes, meet the condition of Yesc (t) ≤ 66.0m, and close the retreat gate;
第116min～146min，满足66.0m<Yesc(t)<66.6m，累计退水时间小于120min(即0.9Tesc)且Yesc(t)上涨的条件，维持退水闸关闭；From the 116th minute to the 146th minute, the condition of 66.0m<Yesc (t)<66.6m, the accumulated water retreat time is less than 120min (that is, 0.9Tesc ) and the Yesc (t) rises, and the water return gate is kept closed;
第147min时，满足66.0m<Yesc(t)<66.6m，累计退水时间小于120min(即0.9Tesc)且Yesc(t)涨停的条件，开启退水闸退水17min，至163min时满足Yesc(t)≤66.0m条件，关闭退水闸；At the 147th minute, meet the conditions of 66.0m<Yesc (t)<66.6m, the cumulative retreat time is less than 120min (that is, 0.9Tesc ) and the daily limit of Yesc (t), open the retreat gate for 17 minutes, and meet the requirements at 163 minutes If Yesc (t) ≤ 66.0m, close the retreat gate;
第164min～187min，满足66.0m<Yesc(t)<66.6m，累计退水时间小于120min(即0.9Tesc)，且Yesc(t)上涨的条件，维持退水闸关闭。From the 164th minute to the 187th minute, the conditions of 66.0m<Yesc (t)<66.6m, the cumulative retreat time less than 120min (that is, 0.9Tesc ), and the increase of Yesc (t) are met, and the retreat gate is kept closed.
第188min时，满足66.0m<Yesc(t)<66.6m，累计退水时间小于120min(即0.9Tesc)，且Yesc(t)涨停的条件，开启退水闸退水7min，至194min时满足累计退水时间等于120min(即0.9Tesc)且Yesc(t)下降的条件，关闭退水闸；At the 188th minute, if the conditions of 66.0m<Yesc (t)<66.6m are met, the cumulative retreat time is less than 120min (that is, 0.9Tesc ), and the daily limit of Yesc (t) is met, the retreat gate is turned on for 7 minutes, and the water recedes at 194 minutes When the condition that the accumulated water retreat time is equal to 120min (that is, 0.9Tesc ) and Yesc (t) drops, close the water retreat gate;
第195min～750min，满足66.0m<Yesc(t)<66.6m，累计退水时间等于120min(即0.9Tesc)的条件，但仍未稳定，维持退水闸关闭。From the 195th minute to the 750th minute, the condition of 66.0m<Yesc (t)<66.6m is met, and the cumulative receding time is equal to 120min (that is, 0.9Tesc ), but Still not stable, keep the retreat gate closed.
第751min时，满足66.0m<Yesc(t)<66.6m，累计退水时间等于120min(即0.9Tesc)，且的条件，Tesc＝Tesc-Tesc*1％＝132min。Yesc(t)涨停，开启退水闸退水4min，至754min时满足Yesc(t)≤66.0m条件，关闭退水闸；At the 751st minute, if 66.0m<Yesc (t)<66.6m is satisfied, the cumulative receding time is equal to 120min (that is, 0.9Tesc ), and Conditions, Tesc =Tesc -Tesc *1% = 132min. Yesc (t) daily limit, open the retreat gate for 4 minutes, and when Yesc (t)≤66.0m is met at 754 minutes, close the retreat gate;
第755min～774min，满足66.0m<Yesc(t)<66.6m，累计退水时间大于120min(即0.9Tesc)，且的条件，Tesc＝Tesc。Yesc(t)上涨，维持退水闸关闭。From the 755th minute to the 774th minute, 66.0m<Yesc (t)<66.6m should be met, and the cumulative receding time should be greater than 120min (that is, 0.9Tesc ), and The condition of Tesc =Tesc . Yesc (t) rises, keeping the retreat gate closed.
第775min时，满足66.0m<Yesc(t)<66.6m，累计退水时间大于120min(即0.9Tesc)且预测的闸前水位条件，Tesc＝Tesc。Yesc(t)涨停，开启退水闸退水4min，至778min时满足Yesc(t)≤66.0m条件，关闭退水闸；At the 775th minute, 66.0m<Yesc (t)<66.6m is satisfied, the accumulated water retreat time is greater than 120min (that is, 0.9Tesc ) and the predicted water level in front of the sluice Condition, Tesc =Tesc . Yesc (t) daily limit, open the retreat gate for 4 minutes, and when it meets the condition of Yesc (t) ≤ 66.0m at 778 minutes, close the retreat gate;
第779min～797min，满足66.0m<Yesc(t)<66.6m，累计退水时间大于120min(即0.9Tesc)且预测的闸前水位条件，Tesc＝Tesc。Yesc(t)上涨，维持退水闸关闭。From the 779th minute to the 797th minute, 66.0m<Yesc (t)<66.6m is satisfied, the accumulated receding time is greater than 120min (that is, 0.9Tesc ) and the predicted water level in front of the sluice Condition, Tesc =Tesc . Yesc (t) rises, keeping the retreat gate closed.
第798min时，满足66.0m<Yesc(t)<66.6m，累计退水时间大于120min(即0.9Tesc)且预测的闸前水位条件，Tesc＝Tesc。Yesc(t)涨停，开启退水闸退水4min，至801min时满足Yesc(t)≤66.0m条件，关闭退水闸；At the 798th minute, 66.0m<Yesc (t)<66.6m is satisfied, the accumulated water retreat time is greater than 120min (that is, 0.9Tesc ) and the predicted water level in front of the sluice Condition, Tesc =Tesc . Yesc (t) daily limit, open the retreat gate for 4 minutes, meet the condition of Yesc (t) ≤ 66.0m at 801 minutes, and close the retreat gate;
第802min时，满足条件，结束退水闸调控。At 802 minutes, satisfy Conditions, end the control of the sluice gate.
传统方法依据人工判定水情变化，结果如图3、4中细虚线所示；本发明方法基于仿真模型和预测模型判断水情变化，结果如图中细实线所示。比较可知，在退水闸启用次数方面，本发明方法共用6次，而传统方法共用18次。在闸前水位控制方面，传统方法在调控后期超过了设定范围，经多次校正才满足要求，而本发明方法未超过设定范围。显然，在减少退水闸的启用次数，提高应急调控的有序性和可靠性方面，本发明方法优于传统方法。The traditional method judges the change of water regime manually, and the result is shown by the thin dashed line in Figures 3 and 4; the method of the present invention judges the change of water regime based on the simulation model and the prediction model, and the result is shown by the thin solid line in the figure. It can be seen from the comparison that, in terms of the number of activation times of the sluice gate, the method of the present invention shares 6 times, while the traditional method shares 18 times. In terms of water level control in front of the sluice, the traditional method exceeds the set range in the later stage of regulation and can meet the requirements after multiple corrections, but the method of the present invention does not exceed the set range. Apparently, the method of the present invention is superior to the traditional method in terms of reducing the number of activations of the sluice gate and improving the orderliness and reliability of emergency control.
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