CN112953220B - DC-DC converter with current sensing and control - Google Patents
DC-DC converter with current sensing and controlDownload PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M3/00—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output
- H02M3/02—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC
- H02M3/04—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters
- H02M3/10—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M3/145—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M3/155—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
- H02M3/156—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
- H02M3/158—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load
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- Y02B70/00—Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
- Y02B70/10—Technologies improving the efficiency by using switched-mode power supplies [SMPS], i.e. efficient power electronics conversion e.g. power factor correction or reduction of losses in power supplies or efficient standby modes
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Abstract
Description
Translated fromChinese技术领域technical field
本发明涉及开关电源技术领域，具体地说，是带有电流检测和控制的DC-DC转换器。The invention relates to the technical field of switching power supplies, in particular to a DC-DC converter with current detection and control.
背景技术Background technique
随着现在电子设备的应用日益广泛，电路系统的功能日益丰富，其对电源管理芯片的要求也越来越高。DC-DC转换器是电源管理芯片中常见的结构，虽然有着电压输出纹波较高，电感无法集成在芯片内部等缺点，但因为其较高的转换效率，DC-DC转换器得到了广泛的应用。如图1所示的基础DC-DC转换器，包括驱动控制和PWM发生模块、DC-DC基础电路以及负载Rload，其中，DC-DC基础电路主要由MOS管M1、MOS管M2、电感L、电阻DCR、With the increasingly widespread application of electronic equipment, the functions of the circuit system are increasingly rich, and the requirements for power management chips are also getting higher and higher. DC-DC converter is a common structure in power management chips. Although it has the disadvantages of high voltage output ripple and the inductance cannot be integrated inside the chip, but because of its high conversion efficiency, DC-DC converter has been widely used. application. The basic DC-DC converter shown in Figure 1 includes a drive control and PWM generation module, a DC-DC basic circuit, and a load Rload. The DC-DC basic circuit is mainly composed of a MOS transistor M1, a MOS transistor M2, an inductor L, Resistance DCR,
目前DC-DC转换器向着高转换效率、高输出精度和高响应速度等方向发展，除了由电压反馈环路来稳定输出电压，有的还加入电流反馈环路来提高响应速度。At present, DC-DC converters are developing towards high conversion efficiency, high output accuracy and high response speed. In addition to stabilizing the output voltage by a voltage feedback loop, some also add a current feedback loop to improve the response speed.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的目的在于设计带有电流检测和控制的DC-DC转换器，通过将DC-DC转换器输出电容两端的电压纹波转换为电流，再对电流进行比较，将得到的输出信号传入驱动控制模块，控制输出PWM信号的占空比，进而达到稳定输出的目的。The purpose of the present invention is to design a DC-DC converter with current detection and control, by converting the voltage ripple across the output capacitor of the DC-DC converter into a current, and then comparing the current, the obtained output signal is passed into The drive control module controls the duty cycle of the output PWM signal, thereby achieving the purpose of stable output.
本发明通过下述技术方案实现：带有电流检测和控制的DC-DC转换器，包括驱动控制和PWM发生模块、DC-DC基础电路，还设置有电流比较反馈模块及电压比较反馈模块，The present invention is realized through the following technical solutions: a DC-DC converter with current detection and control, including a drive control and PWM generation module, a DC-DC basic circuit, and a current comparison feedback module and a voltage comparison feedback module,
所述电压比较反馈模块分别连接驱动控制和PWM发生模块、DC-DC基础电路，用于调节稳定电压输出大小；The voltage comparison feedback module is respectively connected to the drive control and PWM generation modules, and the DC-DC basic circuit for adjusting the output of the stable voltage;
所述电流比较反馈模块分别连接驱动控制和PWM发生模块、DC-DC基础电路，用于检测电容纹波，稳定纹波输出。The current comparison feedback module is respectively connected with the drive control module, the PWM generation module and the DC-DC basic circuit, and is used for detecting capacitor ripple and stabilizing ripple output.
进一步的为更好地实现本发明，特别采用下述设置方式：所述电流比较反馈模块包括耦合在DC-DC基础电路的电压转换器输出电容输出节点上的第一级传感电容Csns1、耦合在第一级传感电容Csns1上的第一级BJT电流镜、耦合在输出电容接地节点上的接地传感电容Csns2、耦合在接地传感电容Csns2的接地BJT电流镜及电流比较器；Further, in order to better realize the present invention, the following arrangement is adopted in particular: the current comparison feedback module includes a first-stage sensing capacitor Csns1 coupled on the output node of the voltage converter output capacitor of the DC-DC basic circuit, a coupling A first-stage BJT current mirror on the first-stage sensing capacitor Csns1, a grounded sensing capacitor Csns2 coupled to the ground node of the output capacitor, a grounded BJT current mirror coupled to the grounded sensing capacitor Csns2, and a current comparator;
所述第一级BJT电流镜将第一级传感电容Csns1两端的第一级电压转换为第一级电流；The first-stage BJT current mirror converts the first-stage voltage across the first-stage sensing capacitor Csns1 into a first-stage current;
所述接地BJT电流镜将接地传感电容Csns2两端的电压转换为接地电流；The grounded BJT current mirror converts the voltage across the grounded sensing capacitor Csns2 into a grounded current;
所述电流比较器用于确定第一级电流与接地电流之差。The current comparator is used to determine the difference between the first stage current and the ground current.
所述带有电流检测和控制的DC-DC转换器能够实现：The DC-DC converter with current sensing and control enables:
将耦合在电压转换器输出电容(等效输出电容Cout)输出节点上的第一级传感电容Csns1两端的第一级电压转换为第一级电流；Converting the first-stage voltage across the first-stage sensing capacitor Csns1 coupled to the output node of the voltage converter output capacitor (equivalent output capacitor Cout) into a first-stage current;
将耦合在电压转换器输出电容(等效输出电容Cout)接地节点上的接地传感电容Csns2两端的电压转换为接地电流；Converting the voltage across the ground sensing capacitor Csns2 coupled to the ground node of the output capacitor (equivalent output capacitor Cout) of the voltage converter into a ground current;
将第一级电流和接地电流的差值经过偏置电流I1补偿后接入反相器inv进行比较。The difference between the first stage current and the ground current is compensated by the bias current I1 and then connected to the inverter inv for comparison.
进一步的为更好地实现本发明，特别采用下述设置方式：所述第一级BJT电流镜和接地BJT电流镜皆由三极管构成。Further, in order to better realize the present invention, the following setting method is particularly adopted: the first-stage BJT current mirror and the grounded BJT current mirror are both composed of triodes.
所述第一级BJT电流镜包括三极管Q1和三极管Q2，三极管Q1的集电极通过电阻Rsns1耦合在第一级传感电容Csns1上，三极管Q1和三极管Q2基极共接，且三极管Q1的基极和集电极短接，三极管Q2的集电极连接在第二级BJT电流镜上。The first-stage BJT current mirror includes a transistor Q1 and a transistor Q2, the collector of the transistor Q1 is coupled to the first-stage sensing capacitor Csns1 through a resistor Rsns1, the bases of the transistor Q1 and the transistor Q2 are connected in common, and the base of the transistor Q1 It is shorted to the collector, and the collector of the transistor Q2 is connected to the second-stage BJT current mirror.
所述接地BJT电流镜包括三极管Q3和三极管Q4，三极管Q3的集电极通过电阻Rsns1耦合在接地传感电容Csns2上，三极管Q3和三极管Q4基极共接，且三极管Q3的基极和集电极短接，三极管Q4的集电极连接在次级接地BJT电流镜上。The grounded BJT current mirror includes a transistor Q3 and a transistor Q4, the collector of the transistor Q3 is coupled to the ground sensing capacitor Csns2 through a resistor Rsns1, the bases of the transistor Q3 and the transistor Q4 are connected in common, and the base and collector of the transistor Q3 are short-circuited. The collector of transistor Q4 is connected to the secondary grounded BJT current mirror.
进一步的为更好地实现本发明，特别采用下述设置方式：还包括耦合在第一级传感电容Csns1上的第二级BJT电流镜，且第二级BJT电流镜由MOS管构成。Further, in order to better realize the present invention, the following arrangement is particularly adopted: a second-stage BJT current mirror coupled to the first-stage sensing capacitor Csns1 is also included, and the second-stage BJT current mirror is composed of a MOS transistor.
进一步的为更好地实现本发明，特别采用下述设置方式：所述第二级BJT电流镜包括MOS管M5和MOS管M6，MOS管M5的源极连接三极管Q2的集电极，MOS管M5和MOS管M6的栅极共接，且MOS管M5的栅极和漏极短接，MOS管M6的源极与电流比较器相连接。Further, in order to better realize the present invention, the following arrangement is particularly adopted: the second-stage BJT current mirror includes a MOS transistor M5 and a MOS transistor M6, the source of the MOS transistor M5 is connected to the collector of the triode Q2, and the MOS transistor M5 It is connected with the gate of the MOS transistor M6, and the gate and the drain of the MOS transistor M5 are short-circuited, and the source of the MOS transistor M6 is connected to the current comparator.
进一步的为更好地实现本发明，特别采用下述设置方式：还包括耦合在接地传感电容Csns2上的次级接地BJT电流镜，且次级接地BJT电流镜由MOS管构成。Further, in order to better realize the present invention, the following arrangement is particularly adopted: a secondary grounded BJT current mirror coupled to the grounded sensing capacitor Csns2 is also included, and the secondary grounded BJT current mirror is composed of a MOS transistor.
进一步的为更好地实现本发明，特别采用下述设置方式：所述次级接地BJT电流镜包括MOS管M7和MOS管M8，MOS管M7的源极连接三极管Q4的集电极，MOS管M7和MOS管M8的栅极共接，且MOS管M7的栅极和漏极短接，MOS管M8的源极与电流比较器相连接。Further, in order to better realize the present invention, the following arrangement is particularly adopted: the secondary grounded BJT current mirror includes a MOS transistor M7 and a MOS transistor M8, the source of the MOS transistor M7 is connected to the collector of the triode Q4, and the MOS transistor M7 It is connected with the gate of the MOS transistor M8, and the gate and the drain of the MOS transistor M7 are short-circuited, and the source of the MOS transistor M8 is connected to the current comparator.
进一步的为更好地实现本发明，特别采用下述设置方式：所述电流比较器包括反相器inv、两个MOS管所组成的差分电流比较模块及偏置电流I1，第一级电流和接地电流通过差分电流比较模块接入到反相器inv的输入端，偏置电流I1亦接入反相器inv的输入端，所述反相器inv的输出端连接驱动控制和PWM发生模块。所述反相器inv用于比较第一级电流与接地电流之差经特定电流(偏置电流I1)补偿后的信号。Further, in order to better realize the present invention, the following setting method is adopted in particular: the current comparator includes an inverter inv, a differential current comparison module composed of two MOS transistors and a bias current I1, the first stage current and The ground current is connected to the input terminal of the inverter inv through the differential current comparison module, and the bias current I1 is also connected to the input terminal of the inverter inv, and the output terminal of the inverter inv is connected to the drive control and PWM generation module. The inverter inv is used to compare the signal after the difference between the first stage current and the ground current is compensated by a specific current (bias current I1).
进一步的为更好地实现本发明，特别采用下述设置方式：所述差分电流比较模块包括MOS管M3和MOS管M4，MOS管M3和MOS管M4的栅极共接，MOS管M3的漏极接入反相器inv的输入端和MOS管M6的源极，MOS管M4的漏极接入MOS管M8的源极。Further, in order to better realize the present invention, the following arrangement is adopted in particular: the differential current comparison module includes a MOS transistor M3 and a MOS transistor M4, the gates of the MOS transistor M3 and the MOS transistor M4 are connected in common, and the drain of the MOS transistor M3 The pole is connected to the input terminal of the inverter inv and the source of the MOS transistor M6, and the drain of the MOS transistor M4 is connected to the source of the MOS transistor M8.
进一步的为更好地实现本发明，特别采用下述设置方式：所述DC-DC基础电路包括MOS管M1(高压侧开关)、MOS管M2(低压侧开关)、电感电路及电压转换器输出电容，MOS管M1的栅极和MOS管M2的栅极皆连接驱动控制和PWM发生模块；MOS管M1的漏极和MOS管M2的源极共接，且通过电感电路连接电压转换器输出电容，电压转换器输出电容的电感电路连接节点为输出节点，电感电路包括电感L及电感L的等效电阻DCR，电感L的一端连接MOS管M1和MOS管M2的共接端。Further, in order to better realize the present invention, the following setting method is adopted in particular: the DC-DC basic circuit includes MOS transistor M1 (high-voltage side switch), MOS transistor M2 (low-voltage side switch), inductance circuit and voltage converter output Capacitor, the gate of MOS transistor M1 and the gate of MOS transistor M2 are both connected to the drive control and PWM generation module; the drain of MOS transistor M1 and the source of MOS transistor M2 are connected together, and are connected to the output capacitor of the voltage converter through an inductance circuit , the connection node of the inductance circuit of the output capacitor of the voltage converter is the output node, the inductance circuit includes an inductance L and an equivalent resistance DCR of the inductance L, and one end of the inductance L is connected to the common terminal of the MOS transistor M1 and the MOS transistor M2.
所述电压转换器输出电容包括相互串联的等效电感ESL、等效电阻ESR及等效输出电容Cout。The output capacitance of the voltage converter includes an equivalent inductance ESL, an equivalent resistance ESR and an equivalent output capacitance Cout connected in series.
优选的，Csns1×Rsns1＝Csns2×Rsns2＝Cout×ESR，此处的英文字母代表阻值或容值。Preferably, Csns1×Rsns1=Csns2×Rsns2=Cout×ESR, where the English letters represent resistance or capacitance.
作为优选的设置方案，还可以包括耦合到不同偏置电流源的多个反相器，每一个反相器将第一级电流与接地电流之差与不同次级特定电流比较。As a preferred arrangement, a plurality of inverters coupled to different bias current sources may also be included, each inverter comparing the difference between the first stage current and the ground current with a different secondary specific current.
本发明与现有技术相比，具有以下优点及有益效果：Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
本发明通过比较输出电容电流来形成反馈，稳定输出纹波，防止输出波动影响电路的正常工作；The invention forms feedback by comparing the output capacitor current, stabilizes the output ripple, and prevents the output fluctuation from affecting the normal operation of the circuit;
本发明通过比较电流来实现，具有较快的响应速度。The invention is realized by comparing currents, and has faster response speed.
本发明通过将DC-DC转换器输出电容两端的电压纹波转换为电流，再对电流进行比较，将得到的输出信号传入驱动控制模块，控制输出PWM信号的占空比，进而达到稳定输出的目的。The present invention converts the voltage ripple at both ends of the output capacitor of the DC-DC converter into a current, and then compares the current, and transmits the obtained output signal to the drive control module to control the duty cycle of the output PWM signal, thereby achieving stable output the goal of.
本发明根据电容电流判断输出纹波的情况，根据反馈信号调节PWM波占空比，进而达到稳定输出纹波的目的。The invention judges the situation of the output ripple according to the capacitance current, adjusts the duty cycle of the PWM wave according to the feedback signal, and then achieves the purpose of stabilizing the output ripple.
本发明的电压反馈环路(电压比较反馈模块)用于稳定输出电压的大小，电流反馈环路(电流比较反馈模块)用于稳定输出的纹波幅度。The voltage feedback loop (voltage comparison feedback module) of the present invention is used to stabilize the magnitude of the output voltage, and the current feedback loop (current comparison feedback module) is used to stabilize the output ripple amplitude.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为基础DC-DC转换器。Figure 1 shows the basic DC-DC converter.
图2为本发明的结构图。Fig. 2 is a structural diagram of the present invention.
图3为本发明的一个具体电路图。Fig. 3 is a specific circuit diagram of the present invention.
具体实施方式detailed description
下面结合实施例对本发明作进一步地详细说明，但本发明的实施方式不限于此。The present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with examples, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto.
为使本发明实施方式的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合本发明实施方式中的附图，对本发明实施方式中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施方式是本发明一部分实施方式，而不是全部的实施方式。基于本发明中的实施方式，本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施方式，都属于本发明保护的范围。因此，以下对在附图中提供的本发明的实施方式的详细描述并非旨在限制要求保护的本发明的范围，而是仅仅表示本发明的选定实施方式。In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments It is some embodiments of the present invention, but not all of them. Based on the implementation manners in the present invention, all other implementation manners obtained by persons of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts fall within the protection scope of the present invention. Accordingly, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the invention provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed invention, but merely represents selected embodiments of the invention.
在本发明的描述中，需要理解的是，术语等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本发明和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的设备或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本发明的限制。In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the orientation or positional relationship indicated by terms and the like is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and is only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying Any device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed, and operate in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as limiting the invention.
此外，术语“第一”、“第二”仅用于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性或者隐含指明所指示的技术特征的数量。由此，限定有“第一”、“第二”的特征可以明示或者隐含地包括一个或者更多个该特征。在本发明的描述中，“多个”的含义是两个或两个以上，除非另有明确具体的限定。In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only, and cannot be interpreted as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the quantity of indicated technical features. Thus, a feature defined as "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of these features. In the description of the present invention, "plurality" means two or more, unless otherwise specifically defined.
在本发明中，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”、“固定”等术语应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或成一体。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以根据具体情况理解上述术语在本发明中的具体含义。In the present invention, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, terms such as "installation", "connection", "connection" and "fixation" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection or a detachable connection , or into one. Those of ordinary skill in the art can understand the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention according to specific situations.
在本发明中，除非另有明确的规定和限定，第一特征在第二特征之“上”或之“下”可以包括第一和第二特征直接接触，也可以包括第一和第二特征不是直接接触而是通过它们之间的另外的特征接触。而且，第一特征在第二特征“之上”、“上方”和“上面”包括第一特征在第二特征正上方和斜上方，或仅仅表示第一特征水平高度高于第二特征。第一特征在第二特征“之下”、“下方”和“下面”包括第一特征在第二特征正下方和斜下方，或仅仅表示第一特征水平高度小于第二特征。In the present invention, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, a first feature being "on" or "under" a second feature may include direct contact between the first and second features, and may also include the first and second features Not in direct contact but through another characteristic contact between them. Moreover, "above", "above" and "above" the first feature on the second feature include that the first feature is directly above and obliquely above the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is horizontally higher than the second feature. "Below", "beneath" and "under" the first feature to the second feature include that the first feature is directly below and obliquely below the second feature, or simply means that the first feature has a lower level than the second feature.
值得注意的是：在本申请中，某些需要应用到本领域的公知技术或常规技术手段时，申请人可能存在没有在文中具体的阐述该公知技术或/和常规技术手段是一种什么样的技术手段，但不能以文中没有具体公布该技术手段，而认为本申请不符合专利法第二十六条第三款的情况。It is worth noting that: in this application, when certain known technologies or conventional technical means need to be applied to this field, the applicant may have not specifically stated in the text what kind of known technology or/and conventional technical means are. However, it cannot be considered that the application does not comply with the third paragraph of Article 26 of the Patent Law because the technical means are not specifically disclosed in the text.
实施例1：Example 1:
带有电流检测和控制的DC-DC转换器，如图2～图3所示，特别采用下述设置方式：包括驱动控制和PWM发生模块、DC-DC基础电路，还设置有电流比较反馈模块及电压比较反馈模块，The DC-DC converter with current detection and control, as shown in Figure 2 to Figure 3, especially adopts the following setting method: including drive control and PWM generation modules, DC-DC basic circuit, and a current comparison feedback module and voltage comparison feedback module,
所述电压比较反馈模块分别连接驱动控制和PWM发生模块、DC-DC基础电路，用于调节稳定电压输出大小；The voltage comparison feedback module is respectively connected to the drive control and PWM generation modules, and the DC-DC basic circuit for adjusting the output of the stable voltage;
所述电流比较反馈模块分别连接驱动控制和PWM发生模块、DC-DC基础电路，用于检测电容纹波，稳定纹波输出。The current comparison feedback module is respectively connected with the drive control module, the PWM generation module and the DC-DC basic circuit, and is used for detecting capacitor ripple and stabilizing ripple output.
实施例2：Example 2:
本实施例是在上述实施例的基础上进一步优化，与前述技术方案相同部分在此将不再赘述，如图2、图3所示，进一步的为更好地实现本发明，特别采用下述设置方式：所述电流比较反馈模块包括耦合在DC-DC基础电路的电压转换器输出电容输出节点上的第一级传感电容Csns1、耦合在第一级传感电容Csns1上的第一级BJT电流镜、耦合在输出电容接地节点上的接地传感电容Csns2、耦合在接地传感电容Csns2的接地BJT电流镜及电流比较器；This embodiment is further optimized on the basis of the above-mentioned embodiment, and the same parts as the aforementioned technical solutions will not be repeated here, as shown in Figure 2 and Figure 3, further in order to better realize the present invention, especially the following Setting method: the current comparison feedback module includes the first-stage sensing capacitor Csns1 coupled to the output node of the voltage converter output capacitor of the DC-DC basic circuit, and the first-stage BJT coupled to the first-stage sensing capacitor Csns1 a current mirror, a grounded sensing capacitor Csns2 coupled to the ground node of the output capacitor, a grounded BJT current mirror coupled to the grounded sensing capacitor Csns2, and a current comparator;
所述第一级BJT电流镜将第一级传感电容Csns1两端的第一级电压转换为第一级电流；The first-stage BJT current mirror converts the first-stage voltage across the first-stage sensing capacitor Csns1 into a first-stage current;
所述接地BJT电流镜将接地传感电容Csns2两端的电压转换为接地电流；The grounded BJT current mirror converts the voltage across the grounded sensing capacitor Csns2 into a grounded current;
所述电流比较器用于确定第一级电流与接地电流之差。The current comparator is used to determine the difference between the first stage current and the ground current.
所述带有电流检测和控制的DC-DC转换器能够实现：The DC-DC converter with current sensing and control enables:
将耦合在电压转换器输出电容(等效输出电容Cout)输出节点上的第一级传感电容Csns1两端的第一级电压转换为第一级电流；Converting the first-stage voltage across the first-stage sensing capacitor Csns1 coupled to the output node of the voltage converter output capacitor (equivalent output capacitor Cout) into a first-stage current;
将耦合在电压转换器输出电容(等效输出电容Cout)接地节点上的接地传感电容Csns2两端的电压转换为接地电流；Converting the voltage across the ground sensing capacitor Csns2 coupled to the ground node of the output capacitor (equivalent output capacitor Cout) of the voltage converter into a ground current;
将第一级电流和接地电流的差值经过偏置电流I1补偿后接入反相器inv进行比较。The difference between the first stage current and the ground current is compensated by the bias current I1 and then connected to the inverter inv for comparison.
实施例3：Example 3:
本实施例是在上述任一实施例的基础上进一步优化，与前述技术方案相同部分在此将不再赘述，如图2、图3所示，进一步的为更好地实现本发明，特别采用下述设置方式：所述第一级BJT电流镜和接地BJT电流镜皆由三极管构成。This embodiment is further optimized on the basis of any of the above-mentioned embodiments, and the same parts as the aforementioned technical solutions will not be repeated here, as shown in Figure 2 and Figure 3, further to better realize the present invention, especially adopt The setting method is as follows: both the first-stage BJT current mirror and the grounded BJT current mirror are composed of triodes.
所述第一级BJT电流镜包括三极管Q1和三极管Q2，三极管Q1的集电极通过电阻Rsns1耦合在第一级传感电容Csns1上，三极管Q1和三极管Q2基极共接，且三极管Q1的基极和集电极短接，三极管Q2的集电极连接在第二级BJT电流镜上。The first-stage BJT current mirror includes a transistor Q1 and a transistor Q2, the collector of the transistor Q1 is coupled to the first-stage sensing capacitor Csns1 through a resistor Rsns1, the bases of the transistor Q1 and the transistor Q2 are connected in common, and the base of the transistor Q1 It is shorted to the collector, and the collector of the transistor Q2 is connected to the second-stage BJT current mirror.
所述接地BJT电流镜包括三极管Q3和三极管Q4，三极管Q3的集电极通过电阻Rsns1耦合在接地传感电容Csns2上，三极管Q3和三极管Q4基极共接，且三极管Q3的基极和集电极短接，三极管Q4的集电极连接在次级接地BJT电流镜上。The grounded BJT current mirror includes a transistor Q3 and a transistor Q4, the collector of the transistor Q3 is coupled to the ground sensing capacitor Csns2 through a resistor Rsns1, the bases of the transistor Q3 and the transistor Q4 are connected in common, and the base and collector of the transistor Q3 are short-circuited. The collector of transistor Q4 is connected to the secondary grounded BJT current mirror.
实施例4：Example 4:
本实施例是在上述任一实施例的基础上进一步优化，与前述技术方案相同部分在此将不再赘述，如图2、图3所示，进一步的为更好地实现本发明，特别采用下述设置方式：还包括耦合在第一级传感电容Csns1上的第二级BJT电流镜，且第二级BJT电流镜由MOS管构成；所述第二级BJT电流镜包括MOS管M5和MOS管M6，MOS管M5的源极连接三极管Q2的集电极，MOS管M5和MOS管M6的栅极共接，且MOS管M5的栅极和漏极短接，MOS管M6的源极与电流比较器相连接。This embodiment is further optimized on the basis of any of the above-mentioned embodiments, and the same parts as the aforementioned technical solutions will not be repeated here, as shown in Figure 2 and Figure 3, further to better realize the present invention, especially adopt The following setting method: a second-stage BJT current mirror coupled to the first-stage sensing capacitor Csns1 is also included, and the second-stage BJT current mirror is composed of a MOS transistor; the second-stage BJT current mirror includes a MOS transistor M5 and The sources of MOS transistor M6 and MOS transistor M5 are connected to the collector of triode Q2, the gates of MOS transistor M5 and MOS transistor M6 are connected together, and the gate and drain of MOS transistor M5 are short-circuited, and the source of MOS transistor M6 is connected to The current comparator is connected.
实施例5：Example 5:
本实施例是在上述任一实施例的基础上进一步优化，与前述技术方案相同部分在此将不再赘述，如图2、图3所示，进一步的为更好地实现本发明，特别采用下述设置方式：还包括耦合在接地传感电容Csns2上的次级接地BJT电流镜，且次级接地BJT电流镜由MOS管构成；所述次级接地BJT电流镜包括MOS管M7和MOS管M8，MOS管M7的源极连接三极管Q4的集电极，MOS管M7和MOS管M8的栅极共接，且MOS管M7的栅极和漏极短接，MOS管M8的源极与电流比较器相连接。This embodiment is further optimized on the basis of any of the above-mentioned embodiments, and the same parts as the aforementioned technical solutions will not be repeated here, as shown in Figure 2 and Figure 3, further to better realize the present invention, especially adopt The following setting method: a secondary grounded BJT current mirror coupled to the grounded sensing capacitor Csns2 is also included, and the secondary grounded BJT current mirror is composed of a MOS tube; the secondary grounded BJT current mirror includes a MOS tube M7 and a MOS tube M8, the source of MOS transistor M7 is connected to the collector of triode Q4, the gates of MOS transistor M7 and MOS transistor M8 are connected together, and the gate and drain of MOS transistor M7 are short-circuited, the source of MOS transistor M8 is compared with the current connected to the device.
实施例6：Embodiment 6:
本实施例是在上述任一实施例的基础上进一步优化，与前述技术方案相同部分在此将不再赘述，如图2、图3所示，进一步的为更好地实现本发明，特别采用下述设置方式：所述电流比较器包括反相器inv、两个MOS管所组成的差分电流比较模块及偏置电流I1，第一级电流和接地电流通过差分电流比较模块接入到反相器inv的输入端，偏置电流I1亦接入反相器inv的输入端，所述反相器inv的输出端连接驱动控制和PWM发生模块。所述反相器inv用于比较第一级电流与接地电流之差经特定电流(偏置电流I1)补偿后的信号；所述差分电流比较模块包括MOS管M3和MOS管M4，MOS管M3和MOS管M4的栅极共接，MOS管M3的漏极接入反相器inv的输入端和MOS管M6的源极，MOS管M4的漏极接入MOS管M8的源极。This embodiment is further optimized on the basis of any of the above-mentioned embodiments, and the same parts as the aforementioned technical solutions will not be repeated here, as shown in Figure 2 and Figure 3, further to better realize the present invention, especially adopt The following setting method: the current comparator includes an inverter inv, a differential current comparison module composed of two MOS transistors, and a bias current I1. The first-stage current and ground current are connected to the inverting phase through the differential current comparison module. The input end of the inverter inv, the bias current I1 is also connected to the input end of the inverter inv, and the output end of the inverter inv is connected to the drive control and PWM generation module. The inverter inv is used to compare the difference between the first stage current and the ground current after being compensated by a specific current (bias current I1); the differential current comparison module includes a MOS transistor M3 and a MOS transistor M4, and the MOS transistor M3 It is connected with the gate of the MOS transistor M4, the drain of the MOS transistor M3 is connected to the input terminal of the inverter inv and the source of the MOS transistor M6, and the drain of the MOS transistor M4 is connected to the source of the MOS transistor M8.
实施例7：Embodiment 7:
本实施例是在上述任一实施例的基础上进一步优化，与前述技术方案相同部分在此将不再赘述，如图2、图3所示，进一步的为更好地实现本发明，特别采用下述设置方式：所述DC-DC基础电路包括MOS管M1(高压侧开关)、MOS管M2(低压侧开关)、电感电路及电压转换器输出电容，MOS管M1的栅极和MOS管M2的栅极皆连接驱动控制和PWM发生模块；MOS管M1的漏极和MOS管M2的源极共接，且通过电感电路连接电压转换器输出电容，电压转换器输出电容的电感电路连接节点为输出节点，电感电路包括电感L及电感L的电阻DCR，电感L的一端连接MOS管M1和MOS管M2的共接端。This embodiment is further optimized on the basis of any of the above-mentioned embodiments, and the same parts as the aforementioned technical solutions will not be repeated here, as shown in Figure 2 and Figure 3, further to better realize the present invention, especially adopt The following setting method: the DC-DC basic circuit includes MOS transistor M1 (high-voltage side switch), MOS transistor M2 (low-voltage side switch), inductance circuit and output capacitor of voltage converter, gate of MOS transistor M1 and MOS transistor M2 The gates of both are connected to the drive control and PWM generation module; the drain of the MOS transistor M1 and the source of the MOS transistor M2 are connected together, and are connected to the output capacitor of the voltage converter through an inductance circuit, and the connection node of the inductance circuit of the output capacitor of the voltage converter is The output node, the inductor circuit includes an inductor L and a resistor DCR of the inductor L, and one end of the inductor L is connected to a common terminal of the MOS transistor M1 and the MOS transistor M2.
所述电压转换器输出电容包括相互串联的等效电感ESL、等效电阻ESR及等效输出电容Cout。The output capacitance of the voltage converter includes an equivalent inductance ESL, an equivalent resistance ESR and an equivalent output capacitance Cout connected in series.
优选的，Csns1×Rsns1＝Csns2×Rsns2＝Cout×ESR，此处的英文字母代表阻值或容值。Preferably, Csns1×Rsns1=Csns2×Rsns2=Cout×ESR, where the English letters represent resistance or capacitance.
作为优选的设置方案，还可以包括耦合到不同偏置电流源的多个反相器，每一个反相器将第一级电流与接地电流之差与不同次级特定电流比较。As a preferred arrangement, a plurality of inverters coupled to different bias current sources may also be included, each inverter comparing the difference between the first stage current and the ground current with a different secondary specific current.
实施例8：Embodiment 8:
带有电流检测和控制的DC-DC转换器，如图2所示，在DC-DC转换器基本拓扑(基础DC-DC转换器)上，还包括电压比较反馈模块，和常见的DC-DC转换器一样，用于调节稳定电压输出大小；以及电流比较反馈模块，用于检测电容纹波，稳定纹波输出。A DC-DC converter with current detection and control, as shown in Figure 2, on the basic topology of the DC-DC converter (basic DC-DC converter), also includes a voltage comparison feedback module, and the common DC-DC Like the converter, it is used to adjust the stable voltage output; and the current comparison feedback module is used to detect the capacitor ripple and stabilize the ripple output.
图3展示了带有电流检测和控制的DC-DC转换器的一种具体电路。高压侧开关(MOS管M1)和低压侧开关(MOS管M2)，他们的栅极连接控制驱动模块(驱动控制和PWM发生模块的一个模块)，导通状态受控制驱动模块输出的PWM波控制。MOS管M1和MOS管M2串联，MOS管M1另一端(漏极)连接输入电压(Vin)，MOS管M2另一端(源极)接地。电感L一端连接在MOS管M1和MOS管M2之间，另一端接电压转换器输出电容(由等效电感ESL、等效电阻ESR及等效输出电容Cout所组成)和负载Rload。输出电容和负载Rload并联接地。Figure 3 shows a specific circuit of a DC-DC converter with current detection and control. The high-voltage side switch (MOS transistor M1) and the low-voltage side switch (MOS transistor M2), their gates are connected to the control drive module (a module of the drive control and PWM generation module), and the conduction state is controlled by the PWM wave output by the control drive module . The MOS transistor M1 and the MOS transistor M2 are connected in series, the other end (drain) of the MOS transistor M1 is connected to the input voltage (Vin), and the other end (source) of the MOS transistor M2 is grounded. One end of the inductor L is connected between the MOS transistor M1 and the MOS transistor M2, and the other end is connected to the output capacitor of the voltage converter (composed of the equivalent inductance ESL, the equivalent resistance ESR and the equivalent output capacitor Cout) and the load Rload. The output capacitor and load Rload are connected in parallel to ground.
在输出电容的两端，分别有两个支路，用于检测纹波电压，并将其转换为电流。支路1连接在电压转换器输出电容与电感电路之间，通过第一级传感电容Csns1、电阻Rsns1和三极管Q1将纹波电压转换为电流，并连接至三极管Q1和Q2构成的第一级BJT电流镜，再通过由MOS管M5和MOS管M6构成的第二级BJT电流镜将电流复制到下拉MOS管M3。At both ends of the output capacitor, there are two branches respectively, which are used to detect the ripple voltage and convert it into current. Branch 1 is connected between the output capacitor of the voltage converter and the inductance circuit, and converts the ripple voltage into current through the first-stage sensing capacitor Csns1, resistor Rsns1 and transistor Q1, and is connected to the first-stage composed of transistors Q1 and Q2 The BJT current mirror copies the current to the pull-down MOS transistor M3 through the second-stage BJT current mirror composed of the MOS transistor M5 and the MOS transistor M6.
支路2连接在电压转换器输出电容与地之间，通过接地传感电容Csns2、电阻Rsns2和三极管Q3将纹波电压转换为电流，并连接至三极管Q3和Q4构成的接地BJT电流镜，再通过由MOS管M7和MOS管M8构成的次级接地BJT电流镜将电流复制到下拉MOS管M4。Branch 2 is connected between the output capacitor of the voltage converter and the ground. The ripple voltage is converted into current through the ground sensing capacitor Csns2, resistor Rsns2 and transistor Q3, and connected to the grounded BJT current mirror formed by transistors Q3 and Q4. The current is copied to the pull-down MOS transistor M4 through the secondary grounded BJT current mirror formed by the MOS transistor M7 and the MOS transistor M8.
另外，对于第一级传感电容Csns1、接地传感电容Csns2和电阻Rsns1、电阻Rsns2有：In addition, for the first-stage sensing capacitor Csns1, grounded sensing capacitor Csns2, resistors Rsns1, and resistors Rsns2:
Csns1×Rsns1＝Csns2×Rsns2＝Cout×ESR。Csns1*Rsns1=Csns2*Rsns2=Cout*ESR.
MOS管M4的栅极和漏极短接，并且MOS管M3和MOS管M4的栅极相连，MOS管M3漏极接出一支支路3，支路3电流会因MOS管M3和MOS管M4电流的差值而上拉或下拉。支路3经过偏置电流I1补偿后连接一反相器inv，当反相器inv的输入大于翻转阈值时，反相器inv输出翻转。反相器inv输出连接驱动控制和PWM发生模块的驱动控制模块，其根据输入信号判定转换器输出纹波情况，进而让驱动控制模块调节PWM波的占空比，得以调节稳定输出纹波。The gate and drain of MOS transistor M4 are short-circuited, and the gates of MOS transistor M3 and MOS transistor M4 are connected, and the drain of MOS transistor M3 is connected to a branch 3. Pull up or pull down by the difference of M4 current. The branch 3 is connected to an inverter inv after being compensated by the bias current I1. When the input of the inverter inv is greater than the inversion threshold, the output of the inverter inv is inverted. The inv output of the inverter is connected to the drive control module and the drive control module of the PWM generation module, which determines the output ripple of the converter according to the input signal, and then allows the drive control module to adjust the duty cycle of the PWM wave to adjust the stable output ripple.
实施例9：Embodiment 9:
带有电流检测和控制的DC-DC转换器，其根据电容电流判断输出纹波的情况，根据反馈信号调节PWM波占空比，进而达到稳定输出纹波的目的。基础DC-DC转换器如图2所示，电压反馈环路(电压比较反馈模块)用于稳定输出电压的大小，电流反馈环路(电流反馈比较模块)用于稳定输出的纹波幅度。The DC-DC converter with current detection and control judges the output ripple according to the capacitor current, adjusts the duty cycle of the PWM wave according to the feedback signal, and then achieves the purpose of stabilizing the output ripple. The basic DC-DC converter is shown in Figure 2. The voltage feedback loop (voltage comparison feedback module) is used to stabilize the output voltage, and the current feedback loop (current feedback comparison module) is used to stabilize the output ripple amplitude.
如图3所示。电压转换器输出电容与电感电路之间有一支路1，依次连接第一级传感电容Csns1、电阻Rsns1和由三极管Q1和Q2组成的第一级BJT电流镜。该部分用于监测电压转换器输出电容两端纹波，并将其转换为第一级电流，接着通过由MOS管M5和M6组成的第二级BJT电流镜将这个电流复制到MOS管M3中。As shown in Figure 3. There is a branch 1 between the output capacitor of the voltage converter and the inductance circuit, which is sequentially connected to the first-stage sensing capacitor Csns1, the resistor Rsns1 and the first-stage BJT current mirror composed of transistors Q1 and Q2. This part is used to monitor the ripple at both ends of the output capacitor of the voltage converter and convert it into the first-stage current, and then copy this current to the MOS transistor M3 through the second-stage BJT current mirror composed of MOS transistors M5 and M6 .
同时，电压转换器输出电容与地之间有一支路2，依次连接接地传感电容Csns2、电阻Rsns2和由三极管Q3和Q4组成的接地BJT电流镜。该部分用于监测电压转换器电容两端纹波，并将其转换为接地电流，接着通过由MOS管M7和M8组成的次级接地BJT电流镜将这个电流复制到MOS管M4中。At the same time, there is a branch 2 between the output capacitor of the voltage converter and the ground, which is sequentially connected to the grounded sensing capacitor Csns2, the resistor Rsns2, and the grounded BJT current mirror composed of transistors Q3 and Q4. This part is used to monitor the ripple at both ends of the voltage converter capacitor and convert it into a ground current, and then copy this current to the MOS transistor M4 through the secondary ground BJT current mirror composed of MOS transistors M7 and M8.
为了对这两个电流求差，于是将MOS管M3的栅极和漏极短接，并且将MOS管M3和MOS管M4的栅极短接，并在MOS管M3的漏极引出一条支路3，构成电流比较器结构。由于流过MOS管M3和MOS管M4的电流不同，该支路会被上拉或者下拉。In order to calculate the difference between these two currents, the gate and drain of MOS transistor M3 are short-circuited, and the gates of MOS transistor M3 and MOS transistor M4 are short-circuited, and a branch is drawn at the drain of MOS transistor M3 3. Form a current comparator structure. Since the currents flowing through the MOS transistor M3 and the MOS transistor M4 are different, this branch will be pulled up or pulled down.
支路3亦提供反相器inv的输入，并且对支路3电流给予一特定电流源(偏置电流I1)作为补偿。当反相器inv的输出信号翻转，说明支路1和支路2的电流差值过大，从而说明电压转换器输出电容两端的输出纹波过大。并且，我们可以根据实际需要来调整偏置电流I1的值，以此让反相器inv在不同的输出纹波幅度阈值翻转。The branch 3 also provides the input of the inverter inv, and provides a specific current source (bias current I1 ) for the current of the branch 3 as compensation. When the output signal of the inverter inv is reversed, it indicates that the current difference between the branch 1 and the branch 2 is too large, thereby indicating that the output ripple at both ends of the output capacitor of the voltage converter is too large. Moreover, we can adjust the value of the bias current I1 according to actual needs, so as to make the inverter inv reverse at different output ripple amplitude thresholds.
反相器inv后面连接驱动控制和PWM发生模块的驱动控制模块，当其接收到反相器inv的翻转，就会相应地对输出PWM波进行调节，进而达到快速稳定DC-DC转换器输出纹波的目的。The drive control module connected to the drive control and PWM generation module behind the inverter inv, when it receives the inversion of the inverter inv, it will adjust the output PWM wave accordingly, and then achieve a fast and stable output ripple of the DC-DC converter. purpose of the wave.
实施列10：Implementation Column 10:
本实施例是在上述实施例的基础上进一步优化，与前述实施例相同部分在此将不再赘述。与上述实施列不同的是，电流比较部分后面可以并联多个反相器，他们的输入端由逐渐递增的不同的补偿电流补偿，由此根据不同反相器的翻转情况，可以进一步更加精确地区分确定输出纹波的幅度，后面的控制模块也可根据这些信息进行更加细化的调整。This embodiment is further optimized on the basis of the foregoing embodiments, and the same parts as the foregoing embodiments will not be repeated here. The difference from the above-mentioned embodiment is that a plurality of inverters can be connected in parallel behind the current comparison part, and their input terminals are compensated by gradually increasing different compensation currents, so that according to the flipping conditions of different inverters, it is possible to further more accurately distinguish The magnitude of the output ripple can be determined separately, and the subsequent control module can also make more detailed adjustments based on this information.
以上所述，仅是本发明的较佳实施例，并非对本发明做任何形式上的限制，凡是依据本发明的技术实质对以上实施例所作的任何简单修改、等同变化，均在本发明的保护范围之内。The above descriptions are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention in any form. All simple modifications and equivalent changes made to the above embodiments according to the technical essence of the present invention are under the protection of the present invention. within range.
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