CN1129406C - Extensible absortbent articles - Google Patents
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- CN1129406C CN1129406CCN92113184ACN92113184ACN1129406CCN 1129406 CCN1129406 CCN 1129406CCN 92113184 ACN92113184 ACN 92113184ACN 92113184 ACN92113184 ACN 92113184ACN 1129406 CCN1129406 CCN 1129406C
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Abstract
Translated fromChinese
Description
Translated fromChinese技术领域technical field
本发明涉及卫生巾、内裤衬里和失禁者使用的垫子等吸收用品。更具体地说，本发明涉及可伸展的卫生巾，或者更确切地说涉及特别是沿纵向可伸展的卫生巾。This invention relates to absorbent articles such as sanitary napkins, panty liners and pads for incontinent persons. More particularly, the present invention relates to extensible sanitary napkins, or more specifically to sanitary napkins which are extensible especially in the longitudinal direction.
背景技术Background technique
卫生巾、内裤衬里和失禁者使用的垫子等吸收物品是用于吸收和保存人体所排出的液体和其它排泄物以及防止弄脏身体和衣物的。卫生巾是妇女使用的一类吸收物品，它通常定位在穿用者靠近身体会阴部的两腿之间的部位。Absorbent articles such as sanitary napkins, panty liners and incontinence pads are used to absorb and contain body fluids and other excretions and to prevent soiling of the body and clothing. Sanitary napkins are a class of absorbent articles used by women and are generally positioned between the wearer's legs near the perineum of the body.
一般来说，大多数上面提到的那些类型的一次性吸收用品是由不能伸展的材料制成的，也就是说，这些材料(因而使吸收物品本身)在正常穿用时所产生力的作用下不能伸展。In general, most disposable absorbent articles of the types mentioned above are made of materials that do not stretch, that is, materials that (and thus the absorbent article itself) resist the forces experienced during normal wear. Can't stretch.
由于吸收物品缺少伸展能力而给这些吸收物品带来很多严重的缺点。最严重的一个缺点是使穿用者穿上这些物品时感到没有设想的那样舒适。穿用者将会感受到为使穿用者的身体感到舒适和能适合穿用者运动而可伸展的吸收物品与不能伸展的吸收物品之间的区别。传统的卫生巾不能随穿用者的内衣而移动，致使卫生巾发生偏移。如果卫生巾具有伸展性能，将会使卫生巾更好地适合穿用者的内衣并能保持在原来的位置上。These absorbent articles suffer from a number of serious disadvantages due to the lack of stretchability of the absorbent article. One of the most serious disadvantages is that these articles are not as comfortable for the wearer as intended. The wearer will perceive the difference between an absorbent article that is stretchable for comfort to the wearer's body and to accommodate the wearer's movements, and an absorbent article that is not. Conventional sanitary napkins do not move with the wearer's underwear, causing the sanitary napkin to shift. If the sanitary napkin has stretch properties, it will allow the sanitary napkin to better fit the wearer's undergarments and stay in place.
很多专利出版物公开了具有可伸展的各种部件的吸收物品。在下述的专利中描述了这些成果：授予Smith的美国2701567号专利、授予Olsson的美国3570493专利、授予Easley等人的美国3653382专利、授予Schwartz的美国3717150号专利、授予Sabee等人的美国4013816号专利、授予Kozak的美国4041949号专利、授予Korpman的美国4166464号专利、授予Hall的美国4533357号专利、授予Pieniak等人的美国4573991号专利、授予Holtman等人的美国4578070号专利、授予Jackson等人的美国4596570号专利、授予Morpman的美国4655760号专利、授予Korpman的美国4731066号专利、授予Fahrenkrug等人的美国4847134号专利、授予Fahrenkrug等人的美国4891258号专利、授予Morman的美国4965122号专利、授予Dube的美国4992324号专利、授予Gossens等人的美国5011480以及由Morris等人提交的欧洲专利申请EP 450541A2。Numerous patent publications disclose absorbent articles having various components that are extensible. These efforts are described in US 2,701,567 to Smith, US 3,570,493 to Olsson, US 3,653,382 to Easley et al, US 3,717,150 to Schwartz, US 4,013,816 to Sabee et al Patents, US 4,041,949 to Kozak, US 4,166,464 to Korpman, US 4,533,357 to Hall, US 4,573,991 to Pieniak et al, US 4,578,070 to Holtman et al, Jackson et al US Patent 4,596,570 to Morpman, US 4,655,760 to Morpman, US 4,731,066 to Korpman, US 4,847,134 to Fahrenkrug et al., US 4,891,258 to Fahrenkrug et al., US 4,965,122 to Morman, US Patent 4992324 to Dube, US 5011480 to Gossens et al. and European Patent Application EP 450541A2 by Morris et al.
上面所列出的出版物可能公开了具有一个或多个可伸展部件的吸收物品，而本发明是针对吸收物品，例如卫生巾，在一些实施例中的卫生巾全部是由能够伸展的部件构成的，以便适应穿用者和穿用者的内衣运动。本申请还包括针对利用伸展的性质改进吸收物品的合身性方面的大量实施例。While the publications listed above may disclose absorbent articles having one or more extensible members, the present invention is directed to absorbent articles, such as sanitary napkins, which in some embodiments consist entirely of extensible members in order to accommodate the wearer and the movement of the wearer's underwear. The present application also includes numerous embodiments directed to utilizing the property of stretch to improve the fit of absorbent articles.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的目的是提供吸收物品，特别是提供相当薄的吸水物品，例如是能够伸长的或最好是能够伸展的卫生巾。It is an object of the present invention to provide absorbent articles, especially relatively thin absorbent articles, such as extensible or preferably stretchable sanitary napkins.
本发明的一个具体目的是提供在穿用时能够沿纵向伸长(最好是能够伸展)的吸收物品，以便改善舒适感和合身性。A specific object of the present invention is to provide absorbent articles which are longitudinally elongated (preferably stretchable) when worn, so as to improve comfort and fit.
按照本发明，提供了一种附着在穿用着的内裤叉区上、随所述内裤叉区延伸的可伸长的吸收物品，所述吸收物品为卫生巾或内裤衬里，它有一条纵向中心线、一条横向中心线、一个初始长度、一个透液体侧、一个不透液体侧、以及一个处在所述透液体侧和所述不透液体侧之间的吸收部件，所述吸收部件有端边缘，其中：所述吸收物品在受到小于或等于1000克的力作用时，能沿所述纵向中心线伸长到大于或等于其初始长度的110％，并且至少一部分的伸长是由位于该吸收部件的端边缘的纵向内侧的至少一部分吸收物品提供的。In accordance with the present invention there is provided an extensible absorbent article attached to and extending with the crotch region of a pant being worn, said absorbent article being a sanitary napkin or panty liner having a longitudinal central line, a transverse centerline, an initial length, a liquid-permeable side, a liquid-impermeable side, and an absorbent member between said liquid-permeable side and said liquid-impermeable side, said absorbent member having edge, wherein: said absorbent article is capable of elongation along said longitudinal centerline to greater than or equal to 110% of its original length when subjected to a force of less than or equal to 1000 grams, and at least a portion of the elongation is caused by At least a portion of the absorbent article longitudinally inside the end edges of the absorbent member is provided.
通过下面结合附图的描述，可以清楚地理解本发明上述目的及其它目的。The above and other objects of the present invention can be clearly understood through the following description in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
本发明具体是要提供一种吸收物品，例如卫生巾。本发明的卫生巾是可以伸长的。In particular, the present invention provides an absorbent article, such as a sanitary napkin. The sanitary napkins of the present invention are extensible.
当然这种卫生巾可以沿长度的方向(即纵向)是可伸长的和/或沿宽度方向(即横向)，和/或沿其它方向是可伸长的。卫生巾最好是可弹性伸长的。Of course the sanitary napkin may be extensible in the lengthwise direction (ie, longitudinal direction) and/or in the widthwise direction (ie, transverse direction), and/or in other directions. The sanitary napkin is preferably elastically extensible.
本发明的一个实施例卫生巾是由一个可伸长的能透过液体的顶片，一个可伸长的吸收芯和一个可伸长的不能透过液体的底片组成。吸收芯固定在顶片和底片之间，顶片和底片沿着卫生巾的周边处连接在一起。卫生巾还包括一个用于使卫生巾贴到穿用者内裤叉区的扣件。扣件至少能够使卫生巾的部分区段沿纵向伸长。One embodiment of the sanitary napkin of the present invention is comprised of an extensible liquid-permeable topsheet, an extensible absorbent core and an extensible liquid-impermeable backsheet. The absorbent core is secured between the topsheet and the backsheet, which are joined together along the perimeter of the sanitary napkin. The sanitary napkin also includes a fastener for attaching the sanitary napkin to the crotch region of the wearer's panties. The fastener is capable of longitudinally extending at least a portion of the sanitary napkin.
下面将描述一些适合于上述卫生巾的部件的各种不同类型的结构，还将描述上述该卫生巾的的整体结构的可供选择的实施例。Some of the various types of configurations suitable for the components of the sanitary napkin described above will now be described, as will alternative embodiments of the overall construction of the sanitary napkin described above.
在几个可供选择的实施例中的卫生巾是由一些可伸长的部件和一些不可伸长的部件构成的。例如卫生巾的顶片和底片是可伸展的，而夹在可伸长的顶片和可伸长的底片之间的吸收芯则是不可伸长的。作为这个实施例的一个改型，卫生巾的顶片同样可以是不可伸展的。In several alternative embodiments the sanitary napkin is constructed of some extensible parts and some non-extensible parts. For example, the topsheet and backsheet of a sanitary napkin are extensible, while the absorbent core sandwiched between the extensible topsheet and the extensible backsheet is inextensible. As a variation on this embodiment, the topsheet of the sanitary napkin may also be non-extensible.
在说明书之外用权利要求书特别指明和限定所要保护的范围，被认为是构成了本发明的主题内容，下面结合附图(这些附图的比例是不准确的)的描述将有助于更好地理解本发明。在这些图中同样的标号用来表示基本上相同的部件。It is considered to constitute the subject matter of the present invention to use the claims to specifically indicate and limit the scope of protection outside the description, and the following description in conjunction with the accompanying drawings (the proportions of these drawings are not accurate) will help to better understanding of the present invention. Like reference numerals are used in these figures to designate substantially like parts.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是本发明的一个可伸展的卫生巾在未伸展状态下的顶视图。BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Figure 1 is a top view of an extensible sanitary napkin of the present invention in an unextended state.
图2是图1中所示的卫生巾在分解状态下沿Z-Z线的剖面示意图。Fig. 2 is a schematic sectional view along line Z-Z of the sanitary napkin shown in Fig. 1 in a disassembled state.
图3是图1中所示的卫生巾不带任选的粘接层的底视图。Figure 3 is a bottom view of the sanitary napkin shown in Figure 1 without the optional adhesive layer.
图4是图1中的卫生巾伸展后的顶视图。Figure 4 is a top view of the sanitary napkin of Figure 1 stretched.
图5是带有两个任选的边舌和一个与一底片热融合的顶片的一个可伸展的卫生巾的顶视图。Figure 5 is a top view of an extensible sanitary napkin with two optional side flaps and a topsheet heat fused to a backsheet.
图6是图5中卫生巾沿6-6线的简化了的横向剖面图。Figure 6 is a simplified transverse cross-sectional view of the sanitary napkin of Figure 5 taken along line 6-6.
图7为一与图6相似简化了的横向剖面图，表示卫生巾中各部分的一种可供选择的布置。Figure 7 is a simplified transverse cross-sectional view similar to Figure 6 showing an alternative arrangement of parts in the sanitary napkin.
图8示出了施加到卫生巾上的伸长力的幅度与卫生巾相应于上述力而伸长的大小的优选关系。Figure 8 shows the preferred relationship between the magnitude of the elongation force applied to the sanitary napkin and the amount by which the sanitary napkin will elongate in response to said force.
图8A为一表示在穿用者内裤上的卫生巾的各部分的伸长状态的平面图。Fig. 8A is a plan view showing the stretched state of various parts of the sanitary napkin on the wearer's underwear.
图9示出了使具有一“力壁垒”的卫生巾伸长所需力的曲线。Figure 9 shows a graph of the force required to elongate a sanitary napkin having a "force barrier".
图10和11为用来产生力壁垒的结构的侧视示意图。Figures 10 and 11 are schematic side views of structures used to generate force barriers.
图12为由一种无纺材料和一种多孔膜构成的可供选择的顶层。Figure 12 is an alternative top layer consisting of a nonwoven material and a porous film.
图13为由一种多孔膜同缠结的无纺纤维构成的一种顶片材料的一个简化示意图。Figure 13 is a simplified schematic diagram of a topsheet material consisting of an apertured film with entangled nonwoven fibers.
图14为带有一顶片的一种卫生巾的顶视图，所述顶片由一种无纺物片和大致沿横向取向的纤维(图中仅示出纤维中的一部分)所构成。Figure 14 is a top view of a sanitary napkin with a topsheet comprised of a nonwoven sheet and generally transversely oriented fibers (only a portion of which are shown).
图15为一张表示一个实施例卫生巾的一个截面的照片，其中下面的纤维层已经伸长并粘接到一个多孔膜上。Figure 15 is a photograph showing a cross-section of an embodiment sanitary napkin in which the underlying fibrous layer has been stretched and bonded to a porous membrane.
图16为带有一顶片的一种卫生巾的一个顶视图，所述顶片由一种弹性织物与所述织物缠结在一起的纤维构成(织物在图中被放大许多倍，并且图中只示出了织物的一部分。)Figure 16 is a top view of a sanitary napkin with a topsheet made of an elastic fabric with intertwined fibers of the fabric (the fabric is magnified many times in the figure and the Only a portion of the fabric is shown.)
图17说明了用来把一个可伸长材料的片切成单个的片的一种常规工艺，以及一种通过切割以一定的角度(或与机器方向呈“斜线”的方向)送入工序的可伸展材料条而制备可多方向伸展的顶片的工艺。Figure 17 illustrates a conventional process for cutting a sheet of extensible material into individual pieces, and a method of feeding the process at an angle (or "diagonal" to the machine direction) by cutting. A process for preparing a multi-directionally extensible topsheet from strips of extensible material.
图17A是卫生巾的一个薄膜顶片的平面图，顶片上有多个使其具有延伸性的孔。Figure 17A is a plan view of a film topsheet of a sanitary napkin having a plurality of apertures to impart extensibility to the topsheet.
图17B为一种截面能够可逆性收缩的顶片材料的平面示意图。Fig. 17B is a schematic plan view of a top sheet material whose section can reversibly shrink.
图18为表示带有狭缝的吸收芯的可伸展的卫生巾装配情况的分解的透视图。Figure 18 is an exploded perspective view showing the fit of an extensible sanitary napkin with a slit absorbent core.
图18A为示意一种涂到图18中所示的卫生巾顶片下侧优选的粘着剂图样的平面图。Figure 18A is a plan view illustrating a preferred adhesive pattern applied to the underside of the topsheet of the sanitary napkin shown in Figure 18.
图19为位于中部而不是在端部的吸收芯狭缝的平面图。Figure 19 is a plan view of an absorbent core slit in the middle rather than at the ends.
图20为带有钻石形孔的吸收芯的平面图。Figure 20 is a plan view of an absorbent core with diamond shaped holes.
图21-23分别为一个装有弯曲的芯和有一个成形轮廓的厚卫生巾沿22-22线和23-23线的顶视图、简化了的截面图和纵剖面图。Figures 21-23 are a top view, simplified sectional view and longitudinal sectional view taken along lines 22-22 and 23-23, respectively, of a thick sanitary napkin incorporating a curved core and having a contoured profile.
图23A和23B分别为一种由一些可伸长的部件和一些不可伸长的部件组成的卫生巾的顶视图和截面示意图。23A and 23B are a top view and a schematic cross-sectional view, respectively, of a sanitary napkin comprised of some extensible elements and some non-extensible elements.
图23C为由一些可伸长的部件和一些不可伸长的部件组成的另一种卫生巾的截面示意图。Figure 23C is a schematic cross-sectional view of another sanitary napkin consisting of some extensible parts and some non-extensible parts.
具体实施方式、Detailed ways,
1.吸收品的总体特性。1. General characteristics of the absorbent article.
首先讨论本发明吸收体的总体特性。The general characteristics of the absorbent body of the present invention are first discussed.
图1-3示出了本发明一次性吸收物品的一个优选的实施例。本发明涉及了吸收物品，比如卫生巾。更具体地说，本发明涉及可伸展的(特别是沿纵向)薄的卫生巾。Figures 1-3 illustrate a preferred embodiment of the disposable absorbent article of the present invention. The present invention relates to absorbent articles, such as sanitary napkins. More particularly, the present invention relates to extensible (especially longitudinally) thin sanitary napkins.
“吸收物品”一词在此处是指能吸收和保存人体流出液的物品。更明确地讲，该词是指为了吸收或保持住人体所排出的各种排出液而贴住或邻近穿用者身体的物品。用“吸收物”一词来概括卫生巾、内裤衬里和失禁垫(或穿在内裤分叉区的其它物品)。The term "absorbent article" as used herein means an article capable of absorbing and retaining bodily fluids. More specifically, the term refers to an article that is attached to or adjacent to the wearer's body in order to absorb or retain various exudates from the body. Use the term "absorbent" to describe sanitary napkins, panty liners, and incontinence pads (or other items worn in the crotch area of panties).
“一次性的”一词，指打算使用一次即丢弃，当然最好是回收、变成堆肥或以与环境保护相容的方式进行回收。也就是说，不打算再对它们进行洗涤或再另外保存而再重复使用。在所给的优选的实施例中，吸收物品为用20表示的卫生巾。The term "disposable" means intended to be used once and then discarded, preferably recycled, composted or recycled in an environmentally compatible manner. That is, they are not intended to be washed or otherwise stored for reuse. In the preferred embodiment given, the absorbent article is a sanitary napkin generally indicated at 20 .
“卫生巾”一词在此处指供女人穿在阴部附近的物品，用于吸收和保持住身体所排出的各种排出物(如血、月经和尿)。不过本发明不仅仅限于附图中所示的特定类型或构形的吸收物品。The term "sanitary napkin" is used here to refer to articles worn by women around the genitals to absorb and retain various body discharges (such as blood, menstruation and urine). However, the present invention is not limited to the specific types or configurations of absorbent articles shown in the drawings.
卫生巾20有两个面，即一个液体能透过的和身体接触的面(或者称“朝向身体的面”20A)以及一个液体不能透过朝向内裤的面20B。图1中所示的卫生巾20是从其朝向身体面20A的方向观察的。身体面20A在穿着时要贴着穿用者的身体。卫生巾20的朝向内裤面20B(如图2所示)处在背面，在穿用卫生巾20时该面贴近穿用者的内裤。The
卫生巾20有两条中心线，即一条纵向中心线L和一条横向中心线T。“纵向”一词在此处指卫生巾20平面中的一条线，一个轴或方向，该方向同一个垂直平面相校准(即近似平行于垂直平面)该平面大致把一个穿用卫生巾20的站立的穿着者分为身体左半部和右半部。“横向的”或“水平的”在此处可以互换，指位于卫生巾20的平面内，并基本上与纵向垂直的一条线、一个轴或方向。The
图1还表明，卫生巾20还有两个隔开的纵向边缘22和两个分开的横向的或称之端边缘(或称之为“端”)24，这些边缘一起构成了卫生巾20的周边26。当使用卫生巾20时，端边缘24中的一个朝向使用者的前方，端边缘24中的另一个朝向使用者的后方。把朝向使用者前方的那个端边缘24称为24A，而把朝向使用者后方的那个端边缘称为24B。Figure 1 also shows that the
卫生巾有两个端区，称为第一端区28和第二端区30。中心区32位于端区28和30之间。端区28和30从中心区32的边缘起向外延伸，延伸量为卫生巾长度的约1/8至1/3。在1987年9月1日授予Higgins的美国专利4690680中对中心区32和两个端区28和30作了详细的叙述。The sanitary napkin has two end regions, referred to as a
卫生巾还有一个取向为纵向的纵向中心区34，它位子纵向中心线L的至少一部分长度上，并且还有一个位于纵向中心区34的横向外侧的纵向侧区36。The sanitary napkin also has a longitudinally oriented central
卫生巾20的厚度可以任意选择，它可以相当厚，也可以相当薄甚至很薄。附图中的图1-3中所示的卫生巾20的实施例是作为一个较薄的卫生巾(最好是作为一个“超薄型”卫生巾)的例子。不过不难理解，当看到这些图时，图中所示材料的层数使卫生巾20看上去比其本身厚得多。“超薄的”卫生巾20的厚度最好小于约3mm。图中所示的薄卫生巾20最好是较柔性的，从而使使用者感到舒适。The thickness of the
图2示出了卫生巾的各个组成部件。本发明的卫生巾20通常由至少四个主要部件构成，包括一个透过液体的顶片38、一个不透过液体的底片(或称“阻挡层”)40，一个吸收芯42和一个用于把卫生巾连接到使用者内裤上的扣件44。吸收芯42位于顶片38和底片40之间。Figure 2 shows the various components of the sanitary napkin. The
本发明的卫生巾20还可以带有任何可供选择使用的其它组成部件。这些附加部件可包括(但不限于)一个或多个虹吸层46(比如图6中所示的收集层或“第二顶层”)、一个任选的内衬48(图6和7)，边舌52(图5)和一个可揭下的盖片或防粘衬里50(图2)。虹吸层46可以位于顶层38和吸收芯42之间。如图6和7所示，任选的内衬48，位于吸收芯42和底层40之间。边舌或“翼”52绕穿用者内裤的分叉区翻折起来。穿用者的内裤或内衣在附图中呈U型。当扣件44为粘着件时，可以用防粘衬里50盖住这些扣件。这样就避免了在使用卫生巾20之前粘着件粘在内衣分叉区以外的表面上。The
图4示出了卫生巾20的可伸长特性。“可伸长的”一词在此处是指物品在x-y平面中的至少一个尺度上会增加。x-y平面是指基本上平行于卫生巾20中正面的平面。“可伸长的”一词包括那些可伸展的和可弹性伸展的(下面将进一步限定)物品。图4中所示的卫生巾20最好沿长度和宽度方向皆可伸长。不过，在其它实施例中卫生巾20可以仅沿这些方向中的一个方向伸长。最好卫生巾20至少可延纵向伸长。FIG. 4 illustrates the extensibility characteristics of the
在一些优选的实施例中，卫生巾20除了可伸长外，还可以伸展。“可伸展”一词在此处指当伸展力作用于吸收物品后又对伸展造成一定的阻力时所述物品仍然是可伸长的。In some preferred embodiments, the
更可取的是，卫生巾20是可以弹性伸展的，“可弹性伸展”与“可弹性伸长”意义相同。图4举例说明了它们的意义。这些词用在此处表示当撤去用“F”表示的伸展力时，卫生巾倾向于回到其未伸长的或者说未伸展的尺度(或者说回到“初始的”尺度)Lu和Wu。不过，卫生巾20不必完全回到其未伸展的尺度上。如图4所示，它可能只返回到其未伸展的尺度和伸长的(或伸展尺寸)尺度Ls和Ws之间的松驰尺度(比如LR和WR)上。More preferably, the
使卫生巾可弹性伸展将有助于降低当撤去使卫生巾倾向于伸展的力时不希望卫生巾 出现的纵向收缩(即纵向聚拢)。这一点在穿用者的内裤收缩时显得特别重要。Making the sanitary napkin elastically extensible will help reduce undesirable longitudinal shrinkage (i.e., longitudinal bunching) of the sanitary napkin when the forces tending to stretch the sanitary napkin are removed. This is especially important when the wearer's underpants shrink.
2.优选的卫生巾实施例的伸长率2. Elongation of preferred sanitary napkin embodiments
A.介绍A. Introduction
卫生巾20可制成许多不同的具体结构形状。The
为便于讨论，可把这些具体的卫生巾大体上至少分成四类。第一类是讨论使卫生巾伸长所用的力。第一类又可分为两个小类：(a)伸长量取决于使用者动作的卫生巾，(b)伸长量只取决于在使用中所遇到的那些重要力作用的卫生巾这两类卫生巾都在本发明的范围内。For ease of discussion, these particular sanitary napkins can generally be grouped into at least four categories. The first category discusses the force used to elongate a sanitary napkin. The first category can be divided into two subcategories: (a) sanitary napkins whose elongation depends on the actions of the user, and (b) sanitary napkins whose elongation depends only on those significant forces encountered in use. Both types of sanitary napkins are within the scope of the present invention.
第二类是根据为使卫生巾伸长是否需要相当数量的力来划分的。第二类卫生巾又可以分为：(a)需要相当大的力才能伸长的卫生巾；以及(b)只需很小的力就可伸长的卫生巾。这两类卫生巾也在本发明的范围内。The second category is based on whether a substantial amount of force is required to elongate the sanitary napkin. The second category of sanitary napkins can be further subdivided into: (a) sanitary napkins which require considerable force to stretch; and (b) sanitary napkins which require little force to stretch. Both types of sanitary napkins are also within the scope of the present invention.
第三类是涉及到卫生巾的哪些部件是可以伸长的。第三类卫生巾又可以分为两个基本的小类：(a)所有组成部件都可伸长的卫生巾；和(b)由一些可伸长的组成部件和一些不可伸长的组成部件一同构成的卫生巾。第二小类卫生巾的例子包括(但不限于)(i)卫生巾的底片可伸长而顶片和吸收芯不可伸长；(ii)卫生巾的顶片和底片都可伸长，并且构成了一个可伸长的袋子，包住了不可伸长的吸收芯。The third category relates to which parts of the sanitary napkin are extensible. The third category of sanitary napkins can be divided into two basic subclasses: (a) sanitary napkins in which all components are extensible; Sanitary napkins formed together. Examples of the second subcategory of sanitary napkins include, but are not limited to, (i) sanitary napkins having a backsheet that is extensible but the topsheet and absorbent core are not; (ii) sanitary napkins that are both topsheet and backsheet extensible, and An extensible bag is formed enclosing the non-extensible absorbent core.
第四类卫生巾是涉及基本上是可伸长的或是基本是不可伸长的卫生巾，(但与一些类型的可伸长元件相连接。)第四类至少可分成两个小类：(a)带有可伸长组成部件的卫生巾；(b)通过与某些类型的可伸长元件连接起来而能伸长的卫生巾。第二小类例如可以是那些带有可伸长的附着件卫生巾。同样，这两种类型的卫生巾也都在本The fourth category of sanitary napkins relates to sanitary napkins which are either substantially extensible or substantially inextensible, (but joined with some type of extensible element.) The fourth category can be divided into at least two subclasses: (a) Sanitary napkins with extensible components; (b) Sanitary napkins capable of being extensible by joining them with certain types of extensible elements. A second subclass may be, for example, those sanitary napkins with extensible attachment members. Likewise, both types of sanitary napkins are also available in this
发明的范围内。within the scope of the invention.
这些类的主题的内容可能包括了其它类所覆盖的内容。其它类和小类也有这种情况。下面将叙述综合的伸长特性。不过，不难理解，综合的伸长特性经常取决于所述的卫生巾属于哪个小类。Topics covered in these classes may include material covered in other classes. This is also the case for other classes and subclasses. The comprehensive elongation characteristics are described below. It will be appreciated, however, that the overall elongation properties will often depend upon which subclass the sanitary napkin in question falls into.
B.延伸特性B. Extended Features
(1)延伸量(1) Elongation
卫生巾20最好能够伸长至其未伸长长度(和未伸长宽度)的约110％至约150％。即卫生巾的伸长量最好在约10％或15％至50％之间。更可取的是，卫生巾20能伸长至其未伸长长度(和宽度)的约120％至约140％。在不同的实施例中，卫生巾20(或其局部)的伸长量可能会比上述值还要大些或还要小些。The
伸长量最好与使用者内裤的可伸展量相适应。即使用卫生巾20的伸长量最好与使用者内裤的伸展量相同。已经发现，20％的伸展量能够适应于考虑了使用者身体运动所引起内裤的最大伸展量。The amount of elongation is preferably compatible with the stretchability of the user's panties. That is, the amount of stretching of the
图8的表格中汇集了使卫生巾伸长所需的力以及与卫生巾20的一些优选实施例的伸长有关的其它参数。表1中的力和其它参数(如上所述)是从几个优选的卫生巾实施例中获得的。The force required to elongate the sanitary napkin and other parameters related to the elongation of some preferred embodiments of the
当然，参数落在表1所述范围以外的那些吸收物品在某些情况下也可能在本发明的范围以内。另外，不难理解：此处所限定的所有极限值和范围包括所有那些在上述限定的极限值和范围之内较窄的极限值和范围。比如说如果所限定的范围在约125％至约150％之间，所有较窄的范围(比如约130-140％之间以及约130％-150％之间等)都在本发明所要求的保护范围之内，即使这些极限值和范围没有单独列出也是如此。这些力的测量是根据本说明书第5部分所述的“测试方法”进行的。Of course, those absorbent articles whose parameters fall outside the ranges stated in Table 1 may also be within the scope of the present invention in some cases. In addition, it is to be understood that all limits and ranges defined herein include all narrower limits and ranges within the limits and ranges defined above. For example, if the defined range is between about 125% and about 150%, all narrower ranges (such as between about 130-140% and about 130%-150%, etc.) are within the scope of the present invention Even if these limits and ranges are not separately stated, they are covered. These force measurements are carried out according to the "Test Methods" described in Section 5 of this specification.
该表首先给出了使卫生巾沿纵向延伸所需力的大小。卫生巾最好是在使用者运动时引起其内裤伸展和移动自然产生的力的作用下产生伸长。这将使卫生巾与使用者的内裤一起伸展。表中的数值表示这些力的大小。The table first gives the amount of force required to extend the sanitary napkin in the longitudinal direction. The sanitary napkin preferably elongates under the natural forces that cause the panties of the user to stretch and move as the user moves. This will allow the sanitary napkin to stretch with the user's panties. The values in the table indicate the magnitude of these forces.
上面所述的纵向伸长量的百分比(以及表1中的其它测量值)是沿卫生巾20的纵向中心线L测得的。不过，卫生巾20的有些部分的伸长量可能比卫生巾中位于纵向中心线L的部分更大(或者在经更大伸长之后形成一个力壁垒)。The percentages of longitudinal elongation stated above (as well as other measurements in Table 1) are measured along the longitudinal centerline L of the
图8A表明，卫生巾20中沿纵向边缘22的那部分的伸长量可以比位于纵向中心线L上的那部分更大。在本实施例中，卫生巾朝内衣那侧上的内裤扣件44紧紧地贴在使用者内裤中靠近腿部的松紧带上，特别是在角区27附近的松紧带上。当使用者内裤腿部松紧带的伸展量大于位于卫生巾纵向中心线下面内裤相应部分的伸展量时，就会出现上述的伸长量更大的情况。Figure 8A shows that the portion of the
图8A表明，沿纵向中心线L的那部分卫生巾伸长距离“C”。卫生巾20沿纵向边缘22的那部分伸长了一段更大的距离“D”。卫生巾20沿纵向边缘22的这些部分可以伸长至其未伸长长度的175％至200％。Figure 8A shows that the portion of the sanitary napkin along the longitudinal centerline L extends a distance "C". The portion of the
图8中的表格表明，卫生巾还可以(或作为另一种方式)沿宽度方向伸长。此外，图8还表明：卫生巾中可以具有一个弹性“壁垒”(或“力壁垒”)从而在某一特定点上，使卫生巾沿长度/或宽度方向进一步伸长所需的力急剧增大。下面将详细地讨论这些参数。The table in Figure 8 shows that the sanitary napkin can also (or alternatively) be extensible in the width direction. In addition, Figure 8 also shows that the sanitary napkin can have an elastic "barrier" (or "force barrier") in it so that at a certain point, the force required to further extend the sanitary napkin in the length and/or width direction increases dramatically. big. These parameters are discussed in detail below.
能达到所述伸长量的卫生巾的那些部分最好含有某些吸收材料。吸收材料的液体保持量最好至少能达到0.05g/cm2。这个量是通过下述的方法测量的：把吸收材料浸入蒸馏水中，再把样品从水中取出来，并使样品滴干达30秒钟。这种吸收材料可以作为吸收芯的材料。能够伸长的吸收材料最好由多于一层的顶片吸收材料构成。Those portions of the sanitary napkin which achieve said amount of elongation preferably contain some absorbent material. The liquid retention of the absorbent material is preferably at least 0.05 g/cm2 . This amount is measured by immersing the absorbent material in distilled water, removing the sample from the water, and allowing the sample to drip dry for 30 seconds. This absorbent material can be used as the material of the absorbent core. The extensible absorbent material preferably consists of more than one layer of topsheet absorbent material.
不含有能伸长的吸收材料的实施例中的一个例子是：顶片和底片可以伸长(但不能吸收液体)，但是吸收芯不能伸展。由于可伸长的组成部分不包括吸收材料，所以这样一个实施例并非是优选的。不过，这样的结构在伸长时仍然可以为覆盖使用者内裤提供少许的附加区域。An example of an embodiment that does not contain an extensible absorbent material is where the topsheet and backsheet can be extensible (but cannot absorb liquid), but the absorbent core cannot. Such an embodiment is not preferred since the extensible component does not include absorbent material. However, such a structure can still provide a little additional area for covering the user's panties when extended.
(2)伸长力(2) Elongation force
表1中第2栏的那组数字代表使卫生巾沿纵向伸长所需力的大小。这组数字是在使卫生巾伸长达25％至40％的情况下测得的。The set of numbers in
卫生巾伸长量至少达到其长度的25％时所需的力应小于或等于约800g，可取的是小于或等于约400g，最可取的是小于或等于约300g。The force required to elongate the sanitary napkin at least 25% of its length should be less than or equal to about 800 g, preferably less than or equal to about 400 g, and most preferably less than or equal to about 300 g.
卫生巾的伸长量达到其长度的约40％时所受力的可取值为小于或等于约1250g。卫生巾的伸长量为其长度的约40％时所受的力较可取的是小于或等于800g。卫生巾的伸长量为其长度的约40％时所受的力最可取的(虽然在表1中未作限定)是小于或等于约600g。Desirably, the force at which the sanitary napkin is elongated to about 40% of its length is less than or equal to about 1250 grams. Preferably, the sanitary napkin is elongated by about 40% of its length with a force of less than or equal to 800 grams. Preferably (although not limited in Table 1) the force against which the sanitary napkin will elongate by about 40% of its length is less than or equal to about 600 g.
表中第三栏中所列的那组数字表示使卫生巾沿宽度方向伸展时所需力的大小(根据下面将要叙述的采用2.54cm宽的条状样品所做试验的结果)。应按照理解纵向伸展的解释来阅读这个表。The set of numbers listed in the third column of the table indicates the force required to stretch the sanitary napkin widthwise (according to the test results described below using 2.54 cm wide strip samples). This table should be read as explained in Understanding Longitudinal Expansion.
卫生巾20可以只沿长度或宽度方向伸长。卫生巾不必既沿纵向又沿宽度方向伸长。The
还有一些本发明卫生巾的实施例没有落在表中的范围内。但这些卫生巾的实施例仍可能落在本发明的范畴之内，即使它们的参数有一些超出了表中所列的参数值范围。There are also embodiments of the sanitary napkins of the present invention that do not fall within the scope of the table. However, these sanitary napkin embodiments may still fall within the scope of the present invention, even if some of their parameters are outside the range of parameter values listed in the table.
(3)伸长所需的最小力(3) Minimum force required for elongation
对于一个使卫生巾伸长至任何显著长度(如5％或最好为10％)时所需的最小力，要有一个合适的值，从而使使用者易于操纵卫生巾。使用者很难操纵弹性模量过低的卫生巾(这样的卫生巾过于容易伸展)。使用者很难操纵和使这样的卫生巾定位在内裤中，它变得象太妃糖一样“发粘”。There is an appropriate value for the minimum force required to elongate the sanitary napkin to any significant length, such as 5% or preferably 10%, so that the user can easily manipulate the sanitary napkin. It is difficult for the user to handle sanitary napkins with too low a modulus of elasticity (such sanitary napkins stretch too easily). It is difficult for the user to manipulate and position such a sanitary napkin in an underpants, and it becomes "tacky" like taffy.
可取的是使卫生巾伸长约25％时所需要的力至少为约50克，使卫生巾伸长约40％时所需要的力为约100克。在较优选的实施例中，使卫生巾伸长约25％时所需的力为约100克。Preferably, the force required to elongate the napkin by about 25% is at least about 50 grams and the force required to elongate the napkin by about 40% is about 100 grams. In a more preferred embodiment, the force required to elongate the sanitary napkin by about 25% is about 100 grams.
(4)力壁垒(4) force barrier
卫生巾20纵向或横向延伸的应力-应变曲线最好与图9所示的曲线相类似。Preferably, the stress-strain curve for the longitudinal or transverse extension of the
卫生巾最好能较容易地达到一个期望的伸长量，然后能形成一个力壁垒，该力壁垒能防止卫生巾在正常使用和取下时所受到的力引起卫生巾进一步伸长。The sanitary napkin preferably achieves a desired amount of elongation with relative ease and then forms a force barrier which prevents further elongation of the sanitary napkin from the forces experienced by the sanitary napkin during normal use and removal.
并非所有实施例中卫生巾都需要有一力壁垒。此外，在有力壁垒的实施例中，力壁垒的作用仅限于避免卫生巾的长度和宽度进一步增大。Not all embodiments of the sanitary napkin need to have a force barrier. Furthermore, in the embodiment of the force barrier, the effect of the force barrier is limited to avoiding further increases in the length and width of the sanitary napkin.
通常，更重要的是要提供一个能防止卫生巾的长度进一步增加的力壁垒。这是因为卫生巾沿其长度方向所受到的伸展力可能最大。Often, it is more important to provide a force barrier that prevents further increases in the length of the sanitary napkin. This is because the sanitary napkin is likely to experience the greatest stretching forces along its length.
卫生巾在从使用者内裤上取下的过程中，其纵向受到的伸展力的作用较大。力壁垒能够防止卫生巾在从使用者内裤上取下的过程中出现过大的伸展。此外，由于卫生巾的长度大于其宽度，这样卫生巾在纵向的伸展量才会比横向更大所以也希望能有一个力壁垒。During the process of taking off the sanitary napkin from the user's underwear, the effect of the stretching force that it receives in the longitudinal direction is relatively large. The force barrier prevents excessive stretching of the sanitary napkin during removal from the user's panties. In addition, since the length of the sanitary napkin is greater than its width, the stretch of the sanitary napkin in the longitudinal direction is greater than that in the transverse direction, so it is also desirable to have a force barrier.
这样的力壁垒可以包括(但不限于)卫生巾组成部件中所采用材料的内在的力壁垒，以及由于卫生巾的结构而形成力壁垒，在所述结构中，把力学意义上的“止点”置于卫生巾中以防止其伸长至一特定点以外。Such force barriers may include, but are not limited to, those inherent in the materials used in the constituent parts of the sanitary napkin, as well as force barriers due to the construction of the sanitary napkin in which the mechanically defined "stop" ” placed in a sanitary napkin to prevent it from stretching beyond a certain point.
第一种类型力壁垒可以在例如一个假设的薄膜中存在，这个膜薄在伸展到某一极限值时可能产生一个力壁垒。例如该薄膜在伸展达到某一点之前可能伸长约10％(即其初始长度的110％)，所述的那一点的特征是：当薄膜伸长达到该点的状态时，不受显著力的作用不能进一步伸长。不过通常的情况是，如果薄膜不是按照此处所述的那样伸长，那么薄膜将只好受到超过为达到这一10％的初始伸长在此所规定的那些力的作用。The first type of force barrier can exist, for example, in a hypothetical thin film which, when stretched to a certain extreme value, may generate a force barrier. For example, the film may elongate about 10% (i.e., 110% of its original length) before stretching to a point characterized by the fact that, when the film is stretched to that point, it is not subjected to significant forces. The effect cannot be extended further. Typically, however, if the film is not elongated as described herein, the film will have to be subjected to forces in excess of those specified herein to achieve this 10% initial elongation.
图10示出了一个力学“止点”54的例子。该示意图中描绘了一个可伸长的组成部件56。可伸长部件56(作为一个非限定性例子)由一个可伸长的吸收芯、一个可伸长的底片构成。可伸长部件56上贴有一个既可以是不可伸长的也可以是伸长量很小的缓冲元件58。由于附有缓冲元件58，就为卫生巾顶片提供了松驰的或者是松软的材料，它可以使吸收芯或底片在伸长至一特定长度时只要不受到一个相当大的力作用，就不会进一步伸长。An example of a mechanical "dead point" 54 is shown in FIG. 10 . An
图11示出了一个可以使卫生巾中形成有止点或力壁垒的卫生巾的层压结构的例子。所示出的例子可以是底片。底片40可以是由一个伸展迭层膜所构成的一个层压制品(比如把一个可伸展的粘性膜60层压到一个予伸展后的聚乙烯膜62上)。在予伸展后的膜62松驰时，把两个膜层压到一起。当底片40在伸展时，很容易使膜60伸展至聚乙烯膜62予伸展过的那个长度，但之后如不受相当大力的作用则不会进一步伸展。Figure 11 shows an example of a laminated structure of a sanitary napkin that can be used to form a stop or force barrier in the sanitary napkin. The example shown may be a negative. The
用于使卫生巾形成止点或力壁垒的叠层结构没有必要沿叠层各个部件之间的整个界面上粘合。The laminate structure used to form the stop or force barrier for the sanitary napkin need not necessarily be bonded along the entire interface between the various components of the laminate.
比如，迭层可以由一种予伸展过的材料(如一种弹性膜以及一种吸收材料)构成。可以把吸收材料断断续续地结合到处于伸展过状态下的予伸展膜上。可以在多条线，多个斑点或其它定位方式把两个组成部件粘合到一起。可以用胶、热压接合或任何其它适当类型的结合方法把这些组成部件结合到一起。For example, the laminate may consist of a prestretched material such as an elastic film and an absorbent material. Absorbent material may be intermittently bonded to the prestretched film in the stretched state. The two components can be bonded together in multiple lines, multiple spots, or other orientations. The components may be bonded together by glue, thermocompression bonding, or any other suitable type of bonding.
这个最后形成的迭层制品在松驰状态下会形成一些皱褶区。它可以单方向伸展、双方向伸展或多方向伸展。迭层可以伸展至弹性膜的那个予伸展过的尺寸。但如不受相当大力作用则不会进一步伸长，这样制成的迭层可以作为一个组合结构，用在卫生巾的一个或多个基本组成部件上。The resulting laminate will develop wrinkled regions in the relaxed state. It can stretch in one direction, in two directions or in multiple directions. The laminate can be stretched to the pre-stretched dimension of the elastic film. However, it will not elongate further unless it is subjected to considerable force, and the laminate thus formed can be used as a composite structure for one or more of the basic components of a sanitary napkin.
(5)恢复量(或变定率)(5) Recovery amount (or rate of change)
卫生巾的恢复率，可因实施例不同而异。在伸长至其初始长度的125％至140％的情况下，当撤去伸长负荷后，卫生巾不必返回至其初始长度上。不过，如卫生巾能回复至少于其初始长度的110％，则将是可取的，这样当卫生巾伸长时它就会随着内裤材料的松驰和/或使用者身体的运动而回复，并且不会打褶。表1中表明，在欠佳的实施例中，当撤去伸长负荷时，卫生巾可能只回复到少于或等于其初始长度的125％。The recovery rate of sanitary napkins can vary from embodiment to embodiment. In the case of elongation to 125% to 140% of its original length, the sanitary napkin need not return to its original length when the elongation load is removed. However, it would be desirable if the sanitary napkin recovers to less than 110% of its original length so that when the sanitary napkin is stretched it will recover as the panty material relaxes and/or the user's body moves, And it won't pleat. As shown in Table 1, in less preferred embodiments, the sanitary napkin may only return to less than or equal to 125% of its original length when the elongation load is removed.
(6)恢复速率(6) Recovery rate
如果卫生巾具有恢复到未伸展的尺寸的能力，它最好具有较低的恢复速率。期望有较低恢复速率有几个原因：If the sanitary napkin has the ability to return to its unstretched size, it preferably has a low recovery rate. There are several reasons to expect a lower recovery rate:
卫生巾伸展后当缓慢地朝其未伸展的尺寸恢复时，将会逐渐地贴住使用者的身体。卫生巾在朝向其未延伸的尺寸恢复的力的作用下会轻轻地、舒适地贴住使用者的身体。卫生巾上还含有一些区域由于其材料发生塑性变形而不会回复到其初始的尺寸。这些区域也可能有助于同身体的贴合。因此，卫生巾与具有基本上趋于收缩的常用的弹性性质的材料(如LYCRA)正好相反。After stretching, the sanitary napkin will gradually conform to the body of the user as it slowly returns to its unstretched size. The sanitary napkin will gently and comfortably fit against the wearer's body under the force of returning to its unextended size. Sanitary napkins also contain areas that do not return to their original dimensions due to plastic deformation of the material. These areas may also aid in the fit to the body. Thus, sanitary napkins are the exact opposite of commonly used elastic properties, such as LYCRA, which have a substantial tendency to shrink.
从消费者把卫生巾从内裤上取下这点考虑也不希望卫生巾的恢复速率过快。使用者经常是在使用卫生巾后很快将其从内裤分叉区上撕下来，如果恢复率速过高，在撤去卫生巾的过程中，卫生巾可能很容易弹向使用者(即象橡皮筋一样)当卫生巾沿径向的伸长量大于或等于约20％时，控制恢复速率这点显得特别重要。It is also undesirable that the recovery rate of the sanitary napkin is too fast from the point of view that the consumer removes the sanitary napkin from the underwear. Users often tear off the sanitary napkin from the crotch area of the underwear very quickly after using it. If the recovery rate is too high, the sanitary napkin may easily bounce toward the user during removal (i.e., like a rubber Controlling the rate of recovery is particularly important when the sanitary napkin has radial elongation of greater than or equal to about 20%.
不过，恢复速率应该高到足以使卫生巾在几秒内(短于或等于5秒)返回其恢复后的长度或宽度。However, the recovery rate should be high enough to return the sanitary napkin to its recovered length or width within a few seconds (less than or equal to 5 seconds).
卫生巾返回到其恢复后的长度或宽度的速率最好在约1.3cm//s(约0.5吋/秒)至约5cm/s(约2吋/秒)之间。The rate at which the sanitary napkin returns to its restored length or width is preferably between about 1.3 cm/s (about 0.5 inches/second) and about 5 cm/s (about 2 inches/second).
3.卫生巾各单独的组成部件3. Individual components of sanitary napkins
参考图1-3，可以更清楚地了解适用于本发明卫生巾20的各种实施例的各个组成部件。Referring to Figures 1-3, the various components suitable for various embodiments of the
A.顶片A. Top sheet
(1)优选的顶片材料的一般性能(1) general performance of preferred topsheet material
顶片38由一个液体能透过的第一部件构成。当使用卫生巾20时，顶片38紧贴在使用者的皮肤上。顶片38最好是柔顺的，感觉柔软的，并且最好尽可能对使用者皮肤没有刺激。顶片38还应具有很好的穿渗透性和减少再润湿的性能，它可以使体内排泄物迅速渗透过而流向吸收芯42，但不允许这些排泄物通过顶层38而流回使用者的皮肤上。The
顶片38上有两个侧面(或称面或称表面)，包括朝向人体的一侧38A以及朝向内衣的一侧(或者叫朝向吸收芯的一侧)38B。顶片38朝向人体的一侧38A通常至少构成卫生巾20中与人体相接触的表面(“体表面”)20A的一部分。顶片38有两个纵向边缘38C和两个端边缘38D。The
可以用类似的标号体系来描述卫生巾的其它组成部件。也就是说，某一组成部件中朝向使用者身体的那侧用该组成部件的编号和字母“A”表示。朝向使用者内衣的那侧用该组成部件的编号和用字母“B”表示。侧向边缘和端边缘分别用组成部件的编号和字母“C”、“D”表示。A similar numbering system can be used to describe other components of the sanitary napkin. That is, the side of a certain component facing the user's body is indicated by the number of the component and the letter "A". The side facing the user's undergarment is indicated by the number of the component and by the letter "B". The lateral and end edges are indicated by the number of the component part and the letters "C" and "D", respectively.
适合的顶片38可以由范围很宽的各种材料制成，这些材料包括(但不限于)纺织材料和无纺材料、多孔成形的热塑性薄膜、多孔塑料薄膜、湿法成形的薄膜、多孔泡沫材料、网状泡沫材料、网状热塑性薄膜和热塑性稀松织物。A
适用的纺织和无纺材料由天然纤维(如木纤维或棉纤维)合成纤维或改性了的天然纤维(如聚合物纤维，比如聚酯、聚丙烯纤维以及聚乙烯或聚乙烯醇、淀粉基树脂、聚氨酯、纤维素酯、尼龙和人造丝纤维)或由天然纤维和人造纤维组合而成。Suitable woven and nonwoven materials are synthetic fibers or modified natural fibers (such as polymer fibers, such as polyester, polypropylene fibers and polyethylene or polyvinyl alcohol, starch-based resin, polyurethane, cellulose ester, nylon and rayon fibers) or a combination of natural and man-made fibers.
当顶片38包括一种无纺材料片时，所述的材料片可以用纺丝粘合法，梳理法、湿法成网、熔吹法、液压缠结法、上述方法组合的方法等制成。When the
通常用多孔薄膜作优选顶片38，因为它们能使液体透过，而且若孔加工得适当还能降低液体回流，从而减少了重新弄湿使用者皮肤的可能性。适用的多孔薄膜，可以用这里所引用的描述薄膜和制备薄膜方法的出版物中所限定的任何材料来制造。Apertured films are generally preferred for the
下列专利中叙述了适用的薄膜：1975年12月30日授予Thompson的US 3929135，1982年4月13日授予Mullane等人的US 4324426，1982年8月3日授予Radel等人的US 4342314，1984年7月31日授予Ahr等人的US 4463045以及1991年4月9日授予Baird的US 5006394。下列专利中叙述了另外一些成形的和液压成形的适用薄膜：授予Curro等人的US4609518，US 4629643，US 4695422，US 4772444，US4778644和US4839216以及授予Ouelletle等人的US4637819。Suitable films are described in the following patents: US 3,929,135 issued December 30, 1975 to Thompson, US 4,324,426 issued April 13, 1982 to Mullane et al., US 4,342,314 issued August 3, 1982 to Radel et al. US 4,463,045 issued Jul. 31, 1991 to Ahr et al. and US 5,006,394 issued Apr. 9, 1991 to Baird. Additional formed and hydroformed suitable films are described in US4609518, US4629643, US4695422, US4772444, US4778644 and US4839216 to Curro et al. and US4637819 to Ouelletle et al.
下列专利中叙述了另外一些适用于顶片的材料：1988年10月4日授予Hagy等人的US4775579，1989年1月17日授予Carter的US4798604，1991年6月11日授予Kobayashi的US5023124，以及1989年3月1日出版的Suda等人的欧洲专利申请EP0304617 A2。Other materials suitable for topsheets are described in the following patents: US4775579 issued to Hagy et al on October 4, 1988, US4798604 issued to Carter on January 17, 1989, US5023124 issued to Kobayashi on June 11, 1991, and European Patent Application EP0304617 A2 by Suda et al. published March 1, 1989.
在另外一些不同的实施例中，可以用上面引用的一些文件中所述的材料(比如授予Carter的美国专利US4798604中所述的可伸展的聚合物材料)来制备其它文献中所述的薄膜。比如US4798604中所述的可伸展聚合物材料可用于制备US4463045中所述的带有一个基本上不发亮的表面的三维宏现伸长的塑料膜。In yet various embodiments, the materials described in some of the documents cited above (such as the extensible polymeric materials described in US Pat. No. 4,798,604 to Carter) can be used to prepare the films described elsewhere. Extensible polymeric materials such as those described in US4798604 can be used to prepare three-dimensional macroscopically elongated plastic films as described in US4463045 with a substantially non-shiny surface.
在图12所示的另一实施例中，顶片38可以由无纺材料或纤维织物64和一种例如三维多孔塑料膜66组成的构件。无纺材料使顶片的塑料感有所降低，从而变得更为舒适。In another embodiment shown in FIG. 12, the
在图12所示实施例的一个优选的实施例中，无纺材料64的基准重量可以为约1-40g/m2，最好为约8-12g/m2。一种优选的无纺材料由一种梳理过的热点粘合聚丙烯片构成。一些优选的无纺纤维织物可以是南卡罗来纳州Simpsonville的Fiherweb Group公司生产的，商标为CELESTRA和HOLMESTRA的产品。In a preferred embodiment of the embodiment shown in Figure 12, the
这种塑料膜66是一种具有大量类似锥形的毛细管39的热塑性材料，在授予Thompson的US3939135中描述了这种材料的毛细管尺寸，结构和取向。这种薄膜需要一种表面活性剂(I C I SpecialtyChlmicals生产的ATMER645)处理。最好将表面活性剂加入到组成薄膜的聚烯烃树脂颗粒中。The
可以用一种真空层压工艺，通过把无纺织物比埋入熔融状态下的热塑性薄膜中的方式，把无纺织物64和多孔塑料膜66形成为一个如图12所示的整体复合结构。1991年1月9日由Aziz等人提出的美国专利申请07/794745中较为详细地叙述了这样的顶片。在一个可供选择的实施例中，可以把无纺织物和薄膜面对面地放置，在后面的那些实施例中，最好使这两个组成部件彼此连接。使这两个组成部件连接的适用方法包括(但不限于)粘合法，融合法(包括热连接和/或压力连接法)、超声法和动力机械连接法。The
图13示出了另外一些实施例，其中顶片38可以由一个缠结有纤维的 膜构成。“缠结有纤维的膜”一词是指一包括有纤维的多孔膜，其中纤维在薄膜的孔中缠结和在这些孔周围缠结。Figure 13 has shown some other embodiments, and wherein
这样一个顶片的多孔膜68可以由此处所述的任何薄膜或稀布构成。US4463045中公开了一种特别适用于这样一种顶片的多孔膜68，并且对这种膜进行环锭碾压以使其具有一定程度的伸长性。可以在缠结之前或之后对膜68进行环锭碾压。The
可以用机械法或加热机械加工法把多孔膜68和无纺纤维70松散地缠结在一起。最好使纤维70沿着(或从)朝向身体一侧38A或朝向吸收芯层一侧38B的方向缠结起来。The
可以采用任何适用的工艺，用机械法或加热机械法把纤维70与膜68缠结起来。比如，可以把纤维70熔吹到膜上、离心粘接到膜上、梳理到膜上、用加热机械法与填塞过短纤维的膜缠绕在一起、或者熔吹到仍处于熔融态的塑料膜上，或者与膜用液压法缠绕在一起。授予Buntin等人的Exxon公司的美国专利US3978185中公开一种适用的熔吹工艺。
纤维70可以是亲水的也可以是疏水的，适用的亲水纤维可以由固有的可湿纤维(如由一种尼龙组分和一种亲水性组分构成的尼龙共聚物)制成。这样的一种材料可以从Allied Signal Inc买到，商品名为Hydrofil SCFX。
在一优选的实施例中，纤维70是一种热塑性合成纤维。适用的聚乙烯纤维可以选用Dow化学公司生产的ASPUN，而聚丙烯纤维可以选用Exxon公司的商品名为ESCORENE 3400和3500系列产品。In a preferred embodiment,
在制备完纤维缠结的膜结构之后，最好立即用任何已知的方法来对膜结构进行处理以使其具有亲水性。这个工艺将使膜的孔39能更好地处理液体。在这些处理工艺之后，可对复合结构进行环锭碾压。Immediately after preparation of the fibril-entangled membrane structure, the membrane structure is preferably treated to render it hydrophilic by any known means. This process will allow the
纤维缠结的顶片38的材料使多孔膜68和无纺纤维70之间的联系更加紧密。这将带来改善液体穿过膜68到达纤维70和下面各层输送能力的优点。如果纤维沿顶片38朝向身体一侧38A布置，还可以改善舒适性。由于顶片38的膜68部分不易与下面的缠结纤维70分离而能移进使用者身体的缝隙之中，所以如果纤维沿顶片38朝向吸收芯层的那侧38B布置，还可以进一步提高其舒适性。The fibrous entanglement of the
(2)使顶片具有伸长性的可供选择的方式(2) Alternative ways to make the topsheet extensible
可以用几种方式使上述顶片材料具有伸长性。这些方式不限于下述的几个。The topsheet materials described above can be made extensible in several ways. These methods are not limited to those described below.
制备可伸长的顶片38的一种方式是在顶片材料上进行一次机械操作(如打褶、起皱或环锭碾压)以便在顶片中形成当顶片伸展时可以打开的皱折。这种工艺可以在上述很多种顶片材料上进行。One way of making an
在本发明的一个优选实施例中，顶片38按美国专利US4463045中的方法制成后，又经环锭碾压，以使其具有一定程度的纵向延伸性。In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the
下列1991年7月23日提交的专利申请中叙述了这样一种顶片，Thompson等人的美国专利申请07/734404，Thompson等人的美国专利申请07/734292和Buenger等人的美国专利申请07/734405。可以把这些专利申请一起作为“毛细管通道纤维”方面的参考。Such a topsheet is described in the following patent applications filed on July 23, 1991, U.S. Patent Application 07/734404 of Thompson et al., U.S. Patent Application 07/734292 of Thompson et al. and U.S. Patent Application 07 of Buenger et al. /734405. These patent applications may be taken together as a reference for "Capillary Channel Fibers".
下列文献中叙述了用于环锭碾压或“予起皱”的适合工艺：1978年8月15日授予Sisson的美国专利US4107364，1989年5月30日批准的Sabee的US4834741，以及共同待批，共同转让的三个美国专利申请即Gerald等人于1991年2月28日提交的07/662536、Kenneth B.Buell等人于1991年2月28日提交的07/662537、Gerald M.Weber等人于1991年2月28日提交的07/662543。这些专利申请可一起作为“环锭碾压”方面的参考文件。Suitable processes for ring rolling or "pre-creping" are described in US Pat. , three commonly assigned U.S. patent applications, namely, 07/662536 filed by Gerald et al. on February 28, 1991, 07/662537 filed by Kenneth B. Buell et al. on February 28, 1991, Gerald M. Weber et al. 07/662543 filed February 28, 1991. These patent applications may be taken together as a reference for "Ring Rolling".
环锭碾压顶片的皱状结构中的皱折线的取向是沿横向，以便使顶片可在纵向延伸。在其它的实施例中，皱折线的取向也可沿纵向、两个方向和/或其它方向。顶片38的伸长方向与皱折线的方向垂直。The crease lines in the corrugated structure of the ring rolled topsheet are oriented in the transverse direction so that the topsheet can extend in the machine direction. In other embodiments, the orientation of the crease lines may also be in the longitudinal direction, in two directions, and/or in other directions. The direction of elongation of the
图14表明，在其它实施例中，顶片38可由一种无纺材料构成，这种无纺材料中含有纤维78，纤维78的取向一般与所希望伸展的方向垂直。如顶片可以由取向大致为横向的纤维构成，从而使其可以沿纵向伸长。Figure 14 shows that, in other embodiments, the
图15示出了一个可供选择的顶片实施例。在图15中，用图5中所示的各分立的熔合部分72把顶片38结合到下面的收集层46上。在图15所示的实施例中，收集层46在熔合到顶片38上之前就产生伸展。于是，顶片38和收集层46构成了一个叠层。当伸展后的叠层处于松驰态时，叠层中在多个熔合部分72之间形成多个簇状区域74，并在熔合区处形成了多个谷点区76。Figure 15 shows an alternative topsheet embodiment. In FIG. 15, the
图15中所述的实施例有一个很重要的优点。该实施例(及其多种可供选择的实施例)允许用通常看来不能伸展的材料来制作可伸展的叠层。如通常认为多孔塑料膜顶片38就是不可延伸的。不过，如果在把一个顶片38固定在一层例如收集层46上，在收集层46上伸长后使这两个组成部件的材料处于松驰态，顶片38就具备了一定程度的可伸长性。The embodiment described in Figure 15 has a very important advantage. This embodiment (and its various alternatives) allow stretchable laminates to be made from materials that would not normally appear to be stretchable. The apertured
这样叠层中的簇状区域74还有一些特定的优点。簇状区域通常是柔软的。它们仍将使收集层46的吸收纤维比非簇状的粘合区域更贴近使用者的身体。这样的结构还会提高吸收能力(特别是簇状区域74)。The
在其它可供选择的实施例中，顶片38和收集层46二者在熔合为一体前皆可伸展。In other alternative embodiments, both the
在其它的实施例中，顶片38可以用可伸长的(或者最好是可伸展的)材料制作，以使其具有伸长性。如顶片38可以用聚乙烯/Kraton混合物制成的多孔薄膜(例如可以是从Exxon公司买到的Exx-7号Exxon薄膜)这样就获得一种不经任何机械处理就可伸展的材料。In other embodiments, the
在其它的实施例中，顶片材料可包括那些基准重量较低的无纺材料(即基准重量为约18-25g/m2的无纺材料)。例如，这样的一种无纺材料可以是Veratec公司(Veratec，Inc，它是马萨诸塞州Walpole International Paper Company的一个分公司)生产的P-8号产品。In other embodiments, the topsheet material may comprise those nonwoven materials having a lower basis weight (ie, a nonwoven material having a basis weight of about 18-25 g/m2 ). For example, such a nonwoven material may be product number P-8 manufactured by Veratec, Inc., a division of Walpole International Paper Company of Massachusetts.
在其它的实施例中，顶片可以由热处理过的密集的纤维或液压缠结的无纺材料构成。In other embodiments, the topsheet may consist of heat-treated dense fibers or hydraulically entangled nonwoven materials.
图16表明，在另外一些实施例中，顶片38可以带有弹性的结构件。该结构的一个例子是由弹性肋82构成的一个网、筛或纤维织品80。1977年12月13日授予Korpman的美国专利US4062995中公开了这样一种结构的一个实例。网中的各个肋之间有方形或钻石形的孔84。这样的结构一般在各个方向皆可伸展。可以把弹性或非弹性的纤维86加到网中或粘接到网上。Figure 16 shows that, in other embodiments, the
在另外一些可供选择的实施例中，可以用仅能沿一个方向伸展的材料把顶片38制成一种能沿各个方向伸展的结构。In other alternative embodiments, the
图17中示出可用于这种目的的一种工艺的一个实例。图17的左侧示出了一种传统工艺，可用于把一个可伸展材料的网88切成几个分开的顶片38。网88沿加工的方向(MD)运动。该方向也是网88的伸展方向。An example of a process that may be used for this purpose is shown in FIG. 17 . The left side of Fig. 17 shows a kind of conventional process, can be used for a
图17的右侧示出了一种通过从一角度(或者与机器方向有一个The right side of Figure 17 shows a pass from an angle (or with a
“偏斜”角度)切割可伸展材料网的方式制作一种可沿多方向伸展的顶片的工艺。在该工艺的一个变型中，可以使网成一个角度送入机器并沿同传统工艺中示出的相同方向进行切割。所得到的切割顶片38可以沿靠近切割顶片的箭头所示的两个方向伸展。The process of cutting a web of extensible material at a "skew" angle) to create a topsheet that can be extensible in multiple directions. In a variation of this process, the web can be fed into the machine at an angle and cut in the same direction as shown in the conventional process. The resulting cut topsheet 38 can be extensible in both directions as indicated by the arrows adjacent the cut topsheet.
图17A表明，在其它可供选择的实施例中，多孔膜顶片38上有多个孔39，孔39的几何布置有助于使顶片38沿特定方向伸展。Figure 17A shows that, in an alternative embodiment, the
在另个一些实施例中，可以在顶片38上切成狭缝以使吸收芯具有下述的伸长特性。In other embodiments, slits may be cut in the
在另外一些实施例中(如图17B中所示)，顶片38可由一种可反转的拉伸材料构成。可反转的拉伸材料一般由沿纵向伸长时宽度增加(而不是减小)的材料构成。这样的材料适用于卫生巾，因为当上述材料伸展时，这些材料复盖到使用者内裤叉区上的能力没有减小，事实上反而能增加复盖在叉区上的能力。如图17B中所示，如果这种宽度的增加足够大，可以用这些材料来制作卫生巾的在伸展时起类似边舌作用的结构。In other embodiments (as shown in Figure 17B), the
1990年10月23日授予Morman的美国专利US4965122中叙述了一种制造颈缩可反转材料的一种适用的方法。One suitable method of making a necked reversible material is described in US Patent No. 4,965,122 issued to Morman on October 23, 1990.
(3)附加的步骤(3) Additional steps
除了上述内容之外，在本发明优选的实施例中，是用表面活性剂处理至少顶片的一部分38的。这可以通过本领域技术人员所熟知的任何常规技术来完成。In addition to the above, in a preferred embodiment of the invention at least a
很多篇文献中都叙述了用表面活性剂处理顶片38的适用的方法，这些文献包括授予Osborn的美国专利US4950264和5009653，以及由Aziz等人于1991年11月19日申请的美国专利申请07/794745。后一篇专利申请指出了如何用一种表面活性剂处理一种无纺材料/多孔热塑性的成形薄膜顶片的多孔膜部件。最好把表面活性剂掺进热塑性成形薄膜所用的树脂中。Suitable methods for treating the
用表面活性剂处理顶片38使顶片38更为亲水。这样可使液体比穿过未经处理的表面更快地透过顶层38。这样就减小了体液溢出顶片38的可能，从而防止通过顶片38而排出的可能性。Treating the
此外，在优选的实施例中，顶片38的内表面38B与下面的吸收层紧密地接触并结合在一起。这种接触关系使液体比穿过不与吸收部分相接触的顶片更好地穿透顶片38。然而，并非绝对必须使顶片38的表面与下面吸收层的表面粘合在一起。Furthermore, in the preferred embodiment, the
使顶片38与下面的吸收部件保持接触的方式有：在顶片与下面的组成部件之间涂敷粘合剂，使下面层的纤维与顶层相缠结，用许多各自分立的熔合件把顶片38熔合到下面的吸收层上，或者用本领域人员所熟知的任何其它方法。The mode that
图5和图7示出了一种能形成熔合区域的优选类型的熔合件，所述的熔合区域构成了带有供液体透过而到达下面的吸收材料所需的排液通道的结构。在1991年12月17日由Cree等人提交的美国专利申请07/810774中较为详细地叙述了这些优选的熔合件。Figures 5 and 7 illustrate a preferred type of fusion element capable of forming a fused region forming a structure with the drainage channels required for liquid to pass through to the underlying absorbent material. These preferred fusions are described in more detail in US Patent Application Serial No. 07/810,774, filed December 17, 1991, by Cree et al.
B.吸收芯B. Absorbent core
(1)优选的吸收芯结构的基本特性(1) Basic characteristics of preferred absorbent core structures
吸收芯42位于顶片38与底片40之间。吸收芯42是一个吸收月经和其它体液的部件。The
吸收芯42的吸收容量不必远远大于予期吸收的流体的总量。吸收芯一般是可以压缩的，具有舒适感的，并且对使用者的皮肤没有刺激。它可以由已知的用于此场合的任何材料构成。非限定性的例子包括天然材料(比如通常称为透气毡化纤维的粉末状的术浆、起皱的纤维素填料)、能形成水凝胶的聚合物凝胶剂，改性的交联的纤维素纤维(下面将详细介绍)、毛细管通道纤维、吸收泡沫材料、吸收海绵、合成的人造纤维、聚合物纤维、泥炭苔绒或任何作用相同的材料以及这些材料的任何适当的组合。The absorbent capacity of the
也可以把上面所列的聚合物凝胶剂称为“吸收性凝胶材料”或“超吸收材料”。聚合物凝胶剂就是那些在与液体(如水或其它体液)接触就会吸入这些液体中而形成水凝胶的材料。采用这种方式，聚合物凝胶剂会收集并保持住排入吸收芯42中的液体，从而使这些吸收物品具有更高的吸收容量和/或液体保持能力。The polymeric gelling agents listed above may also be referred to as "absorbent gelling materials" or "superabsorbent materials". Polymeric gelling agents are those materials that, upon contact with liquids, such as water or other bodily fluids, absorb these liquids to form hydrogels. In this manner, the polymeric gelling agent will collect and hold liquid that is drained into the
吸收芯42中所采用的聚合物凝胶剂一般由一种基本上不溶于水的、有少许交联、部分中和的、能形成水凝胶的聚合物材料颗粒41构成。此处所用的“颗粒”一词可指任何形状(如丸状、片状或纤维状等形状)的颗粒。The polymeric gelling agent employed in the
授予Osboyn的美国专利US5009653及其所引用的那些专利中较为详细地叙述了一种基本类型的吸收芯42[包括(但不限于)这里所采用的优选类型的聚合物材料，以及可用于制备这些聚合物颗粒的那些优选类型的方法]，在此引用所有这些说明书作为参考。不过，此处所述的吸收芯42不必包括超吸收材料颗粒。A basic type of
下列文献中描述了用于吸收芯的适当的交联纤维素纤维：1989年12月19日授予Cook等人的美国专利US4888093，1989年4月18日授予Dear等人的US4822543，1989年12月26日授予Schoggen等人的US4889595，1990年2月6日授予Moor等人的US4898642，1990年6月19日授予Lash等人的US4935022，1991年5月15日公开的Herron等人的欧洲专利申请0427316A2和0427317A2，以及1991年5月29日公开的Herron等人的欧洲专利申请0429112A2。Suitable cross-linked cellulosic fibers for use in absorbent cores are described in US Pat. US4889595 issued to Schoggen et al on 26th, US4898642 issued to Moor et al on February 6, 1990, US4935022 issued to Lash et al on June 19, 1990, European patent application published on May 15, 1991 by Herron et al 0427316A2 and 0427317A2, and European Patent Application 0429112A2 published May 29, 1991 by Herron et al.
适合用于吸收芯的毛细管通道纤维[即带有通道(最好是在纤维的外表面上)的纤维]在下面提供的例子中有详细的描述，这些例子记载在1990年10月10日公开的欧洲专利申请0391814和上述的那些有关毛细管通道纤维的专利申请中。Capillary channel fibers [i.e. fibers having channels (preferably on the outer surface of the fibers)] suitable for use in the absorbent core are described in detail in the examples provided below, which were published in the October 10, 1990 publication European patent application 0 391 814 and those mentioned above relating to capillary channel fibers.
在美国专利申请07/743839、07/743950、07/743947、07/830159(P&G案号4451、4452、4453和4453R)中叙述了由泡沫状材料构成的适合的吸收芯。所列的第一、第三和第四申请是以Des Marais等人提交的。所列的第二个申请是以Young等人提交的。前三个申请是于1991年8月12日提交的，而第四个申请是于1992年2月12日提交的。欧洲专利申请0293208B1中介绍了由泡沫状材料构成的其它吸收芯。Suitable absorbent cores constructed of foam-like materials are described in US Patent Application Nos. 07/743839, 07/743950, 07/743947, 07/830159 (P&G Docket Nos. 4451, 4452, 4453 and 4453R). The first, third and fourth applications listed are by Des Marais et al. The second application listed is that of Young et al. The first three applications were filed on August 12, 1991, while the fourth application was filed on February 12, 1992. Other absorbent cores constructed of foam-like materials are described in European Patent Application 0293208B1.
在美国专利US 3512530和3954493以及法国专利FR2203827中介绍了由海绵状材料构成的吸收芯。Absorbent cores made of spongy material are described in US patents US 3512530 and 3954493 and French patent FR2203827.
下列参考文献中介绍了具有可伸长性的其它适当的吸收芯：分别于1988年9月27日和1989年9月12日授予Weismon等人的美国专利US4773903，和US4865596。这些专利中公开了由缠结的、吹制的微纤维片、基本上不吸收的带折皱的人造纤维制品，以及各种能形成水凝胶的聚合物凝胶剂同一种亲水剂的颗粒所构成的复合吸收结构。Other suitable absorbent cores having extensibility are described in the following references: US Patents 4,773,903, and 4,865,596, issued September 27, 1988, and September 12, 1989 to Weismon et al., respectively. Disclosed in these patents are particles made of entangled, blown microfiber sheets, substantially nonabsorbent creped rayon products, and various hydrogel-forming polymer gelling agents and a hydrophilizing agent. composed of composite absorbent structures.
其它适用的吸收芯材料由熔吹弹性纤维和吸收材料的混合物构成。这样的材料由棉纤维和熔吹纤维经液压法缠结后的复合材料所构成，所述的复合材料即为可以从南卡罗来纳州的Fiber web ofSimpsonville公司买到的#7102-102产品。在其它的实施例中，可以用其它吸收材料(比如可以从英格兰West Midlands的Courtaulds纤维有限公司买到的101或102型FSA纤维)来代替棉纤维。另一种可供选择的方案是，把两层材料(如上述的#7102-102产品)在中间用一种颗粒状聚合物凝胶剂叠合起来，并使其具有可伸长性，从而制备出一种高度吸收的可伸长的叠层。Other suitable absorbent core materials consist of a blend of meltblown elastic fibers and absorbent material. Such a material consists of a hydraulically entangled composite of cotton fibers and meltblown fibers available as# 7102-102 from Fiber web of Simpsonville, South Carolina. In other embodiments other absorbent materials such as
此外，吸收芯42可由此处所述的适于用作顶片的很多材料构成。不过，为实用起见，这些材料必须是可吸收的或与一些吸收材料一起使用。比如，吸收芯42可以由一种与图16中所示的弹性稀布相似的结构，把吸收纤维粘合到稀布上。In addition, the
(2)使吸收芯具有可伸长性(2) Make the absorbent core extensible
本发明有很多适用的可伸长的吸收芯实施例。它们包括(但不限于)下述的实施例。也可以把下述实施例的部件以任何适当的方式组合起来构成其它的实施例。There are many suitable extensible absorbent core embodiments for the present invention. They include, but are not limited to, the following examples. The parts of the following embodiments can also be combined in any appropriate way to form other embodiments.
(a)叠层(a) Lamination
在图2所示的一个优选的实施例中，吸收芯是一个叠层。该叠层由一层超吸收的聚合物材料(如可以为颗粒41的形状)量子两个气流纺织的织物层(分别为第一和第二织物层或者称“上”和“下”织物层)43和47之间而构成。In a preferred embodiment shown in Figure 2, the absorbent core is a laminate. The laminate consists of a layer of superabsorbent polymer material (such as may be in the shape of particles 41) and two air-spun fabric layers (first and second fabric layers or "upper" and "lower" fabric layers, respectively). ) between 43 and 47.
第一和第二织物层43和47含有超吸收聚合物材料，它能促进所吸收的流出物穿过吸收芯42的横向虹吸过程并具有一定的吸收能力。织物层43和47可以由一个中间夹有超吸收材料颗粒41的折叠后的织物片而构成，或者也可以为相同的(或不同的)织物做成的两个分立的片层。The first and second fabric layers 43 and 47 comprise a superabsorbent polymer material which facilitates the lateral wicking of absorbed exudates through the
一种适用的叠层是衣阿华州Muscatine的Girain ProcessingCorporation Of Muscatine生产的WATER-LOCK L535超吸收叠层(WATER-LOCK是Grain Processing Corporation注册的商标)。下列专利中公开了这样的超吸收叠层：1984年8月20日授予Peterson等人的美国专利US4467012，1981年4月7日授予Lindsay等人的US4260443和1986年3月25日授予Kramer等人的US4578068。One suitable laminate is WATER-LOCK L535 superabsorbent laminate manufactured by Girain Processing Corporation of Muscatine, Iowa (WATER-LOCK is a registered trademark of Grain Processing Corporation). Such superabsorbent laminates are disclosed in US Pat. No. 4,467,012 issued August 20, 1984 to Peterson et al; US4578068.
通过使用伸长量在20％-200％之间(即能在其初始长度的约120％-300％之间伸展的薄纱纸来制备叠层吸收芯42，可使该吸收芯具有可伸长性。可以用多种工艺来制备这样的织物片。在一个实施例中，薄纱纸可以是常规的、起皱的织物。如薄纱纸可以是经过一个起皱工艺的BOUNTY织物。The absorbent core can be made stretchable by using a tissue paper having an elongation of between 20% and 200%, i.e. capable of stretching between about 120% and 300% of its original length, to prepare the laminated
在其它的实施例中，制备这类织物可以采用对1980年3月4日批准给Trokhan的US4191609中所述工艺进行了适当改进的一种工艺，或者采用对1985年7月16日授予Trokhan的美国专利US 4529480中所述工艺进行了适当改进的一种工艺，或者采用对1985年7月16日授予Trokhan的美国专利US4529480中所述工艺进行了适当改进的一种工艺，或者采用1992年1月9日公开的欧洲专利申请WO92/00414，WO92/00415和WO92/00416中所述的工艺。在后者的情况下，可以用下列的一个或多个步骤使织物变为可伸长的：调节刮片的角度以便能形成不同皱折；改变纸的网状区域的性能以使其在一定程度上可以伸展；或者在纸网受到进一步干燥之前从Yankee烘燥器中取出纸网，从而获得有效的皱折。In other embodiments, such fabrics may be prepared using a process suitably modified from that described in US4191609, issued March 4, 1980 to Trokhan, or by a process described in US Patent No. 4,191,609 issued to Trokhan on July 16, 1985. A process described in U.S. Patent No. 4,529,480 has been suitably modified, or a process described in U.S. Pat. The process described in European Patent Applications WO 92/00414, WO 92/00415 and WO 92/00416 published on 9 September. In the latter case, the fabric can be made extensible by one or more of the following steps: adjusting the angle of the blade so that different creases can be formed; or to remove the web from the Yankee dryer before it is subjected to further drying to obtain effective creping.
在可供选用的实施例中，原先没有皱折或皱折很少的织物在叠层以后也出现了皱折，在这种情形中形成折皱的工艺是使叠层织物通过两个匹配的轧辊而获得到一个波纹叠层织物，该织物的伸展范围在20％-200％之间(即能在其初始长度的120％-300％之间伸展)。波纹方向应与所希望的伸展方向垂直。In an alternative embodiment, a previously unwrinkled or minimally wrinkled fabric becomes wrinkled after lamination, in which case the creases are formed by passing the laminated fabric through two matching nip rolls A corrugated laminate fabric is obtained which has a stretch range of between 20% and 200% (ie is capable of stretching between 120% and 300% of its original length). The direction of the corrugations should be perpendicular to the desired direction of stretch.
在一个有关的可供选择的实施例中，使叠层出现皱折的方式是：可以通过把叠层粘合到一个表面上，再使叠层脱离该表面的方法使叠层起皱。这可以用与上述欧洲专利申请中所述的从一个Yankee干燥器中移出纸张的步骤相类似的方式来完成。In a related alternative embodiment, the laminate is corrugated in such a way that the laminate may be corrugated by bonding the laminate to a surface and releasing the laminate from the surface. This can be accomplished in a manner similar to the steps described in the above-mentioned European patent application for removing paper from a Yankee dryer.
在另一个有关的实施例中，可以在叠层处在一个平面上时，用一个模子压进该叠层的方式使之起皱。如可以用与授予Kramen等人的美国4578068号专利中所述的方式相似的方式，采用一对平板把一个模子压进叠层。In another related embodiment, the laminate may be corrugated by pressing a die into the laminate while it is lying on a flat surface. A pair of flat plates may be used to press a mold into the stack in a manner similar to that described in US Patent No. 4,578,068 to Kramen et al.
在可供选择的实施例中，可以对叠层进行适当切割或切出狭缝来形成一个可伸长的吸收芯结构。图18中表明，在一个特定的优选实施例中，吸收芯42是一个按上述方式切出狭缝或部分切出狭缝的有利于纵向伸长的叠层。图19示出了一个在中部区域而不是在端区开有狭缝的另外的吸收芯。图20中示出了一种其中切有钻石形孔的另外的吸收芯。也可以采用任何一种或多种其它适用形状的孔。In alternative embodiments, the laminate may be suitably cut or slit to form an extensible absorbent core structure. As shown in Figure 18, in a particularly preferred embodiment, the
1991年7月24日公开的Lion公司公开号为0293208B1的欧洲专利申请中介绍了其它类型的开有狭缝的吸收材料。Other types of slotted absorbent materials are described in Lion Corporation European Patent Application Publication No. 0293208B1, published July 24, 1991.
最好把卫生巾的纵向边缘和端边缘22和24密封起来以防止卫生巾在伸长时液体或含有液体的超吸收材料从卫生巾中被虹吸或排出来。另一种情况是，可以使吸收芯42的边缘42c和42d密封而不是使整个卫生巾的边缘密封。比如，可以用一个织物层把吸收芯42的边缘卷起来或盖住。在其它可供选择的实施例中，可以把该织物层的边缘折叠或用其它方式处理以防止液体或含有液体的超吸收材料颗粒41被从吸收芯42中虹吸出来或排出来。卫生巾20周边的所有永久性密封处在卫生巾变长时都不应破裂(也就是说，在卫生巾使用期间，任何密封都应保持有效)。The longitudinal and end
在上述的任何叠层吸收芯实施例中，可以用另一个任何其它已知的吸收材料，包括(但不限于)泥炭苔绒、改性的交联纤维素纤维或合成纤维来代替一种或多种织物层中的纤维素纤维。各织物层的基准重量也可以有所不同。In any of the laminated absorbent core embodiments described above, one or the other may be replaced by another any other known absorbent material, including but not limited to peat moss, modified cross-linked cellulosic fibers, or synthetic fibers. Cellulose fibers in various fabric layers. The basis weight of each fabric layer can also vary.
(b)含有吸收材料和超吸收材料的混合物结构。(b) A mixture structure comprising absorbent material and superabsorbent material.
吸收芯42可以不由一种叠层结构构成，而由上述吸收材料和超吸收材料的一种混合物构成。The
比如，可以用带有透气毡化纤维的吸收材料、改进的交联纤维素纤维、交联的羧甲基纤维素(如1984年10月9日授予Gellert的US4475911中所述)泥炭苔绒或其它吸收材料所组成的混合物来制备薄片织物。然后可对这些薄片织物进行折皱、切缝或进行这里所述的其它操作，以生产出可伸长的吸收芯42。For example, absorbent material with airfelt fibers, modified cross-linked cellulose fibers, cross-linked carboxymethyl cellulose (as described in US4475911 issued to Gellert on October 9, 1984) peat moss or A mixture of other absorbent materials is used to prepare a sheet fabric. These web webs may then be creased, slit, or otherwise manipulated as described herein to produce the extensible
可以用这里所述的任何实施例中任何已知的方式来分配超吸收材料颗粒41。可以把超吸收材料颗粒41与这里所述的吸收材料均匀混合。在其它的实施例中，可以把超吸收材料颗粒分配得使超吸收材料在卫生巾中的浓度呈梯度分布。实现这种浓度梯度分布的方式，在1986年10月22日公布的Duenk等人的欧洲专利申请0198683、1987年10月13日授予Kellenbdrger等人的US4699823以及1991年4月23日授予Bernardin的US5009650中有介绍。The particles of
(c)含有各种类型纤维混合物的结构。(c) A structure containing a mixture of various types of fibers.
吸收芯42可以由各种类型的天然或人造纤维同特定的超吸收材料的混合物而构成。The
(i)“混合”吸收芯(i) "Hybrid" absorbent core
图21-23中示出了将在以后被称为“混合”吸收芯的一种特定的优选吸收芯42。在较厚的卫生巾20中示出了这种特定的吸收芯结构。不过也可以将其制备成一种薄层以供用于薄的产品中。One particular preferred
混合吸收芯42由一层纤维(最好是制成纤维的均匀混合物)构成。混合芯42由至少两组(两种类型)纤维构成。包括第一组(或类型)的低旦尼尔的较短的亲水纤维，以及由约5％-90％(最好约为10％)的高旦尼尔的、较长的合成纤维构成的第二组(或类型)纤维。可以改变两组纤维的混合比，以生产出具有不同类型吸收件所需性质的产品。除特别指明外，这里所限定的所有百分比都是重量百分比。The composite
第一组纤维可以包括天然纤维(比如棉纤维、纤维素纤维或其它天然纤维。)第一组纤维也可以(或附加)还包括合成纤维(比如超吸收材料纤维、毛细管道纤维、用机械法或化学法改性的天然纤维)。这些纤维包括(但不限于)人造丝、化学热机械加工的纸浆(或称“CTMP”或“TMP”)、木纤维或交联的纤维素纤维。在一个实施例中，第一组纤维由透气毡化纤维构成。第一组中的那些纤维或者亲水，或者可以用任何前述的亲水化处理方法把它们处理得具有亲水性。The first group of fibers may include natural fibers (such as cotton fibers, cellulose fibers, or other natural fibers.) The first group of fibers may also (or additionally) include synthetic fibers (such as superabsorbent fibers, capillary fibers, mechanically or chemically modified natural fibers). These fibers include, but are not limited to, rayon, chemithermomechanically processed pulp (or "CTMP" or "TMP"), wood fibers, or crosslinked cellulose fibers. In one embodiment, the first set of fibers is comprised of airfelt fibers. Those fibers in the first group are either hydrophilic, or they may be rendered hydrophilic by any of the aforementioned hydrophilizing treatments.
通过选用一种在润湿时能在保持有一个抗压缩的基本部分，具有相当刚性的纤维可以提高产品的性能。(即这种纤维应具有较高的压缩系数。)最好所选用的纤维既能抗压缩又有湿回弹能力和干回弹能力(即当受到压缩时它们既倾向于抵抗压缩又倾向子弹回至其原来的形状)。为满足这些要求，交联的纤维素纤维是特别推荐采用的。不过应当指出，这些纤维素纤维是经过了一定的改性处理，已经不能再把它们视为纤维素纤维或天然纤维本身了。Product performance can be enhanced by selecting a relatively rigid fiber that retains a substantial portion that resists compression when wet. (That is, the fiber should have a high coefficient of compression.) It is best to select fibers that are both resistant to compression and have wet and dry resilience (that is, they tend to resist compression and tend to bullets when compressed). return to its original shape). To meet these requirements, crosslinked cellulose fibers are particularly recommended. However, it should be pointed out that these cellulose fibers have been modified to a certain extent, and they can no longer be regarded as cellulose fibers or natural fibers themselves.
第二组纤维同样应具有较高的压缩系数，并且在润湿时仍能保持相当高的压缩系数。第二组纤维最好还具有湿回弹能力和于回弹能力。适用的纤维包括(但不限于)由下面限定的那些适合用作收集层46中纤维的材料所构成的合成纤维(不过，二组纤维长度，登尼尔数等不必都相同。下面将介绍一些优选的纤维长度等参量。)The second set of fibers should also have a high compressibility factor and retain a reasonably high compressibility factor when wet. The second group of fibers preferably also has wet resilience and wet resilience. Suitable fibers include, but are not limited to, synthetic fibers formed from materials defined below that are suitable for use as fibers in the acquisition layer 46 (however, the two sets of fibers need not all be identical in length, denier, etc. Some are described below. Preferred parameters such as fiber length.)
第二组中的纤维长度最好大于第一组中的纤维长度。可取的是，第二组中的纤维长度大于或等于约0.6cm(约1/4吋)并且最好大于或等于约1.3cm(约1/2吋)。第二组纤维中的纤维旦尼尔数最好大于第一组纤维中的纤维旦尼尔数。可取的是第二组中纤维的每根旦尼尔数在约6-40之间。更可取的是，旦尼尔数在约15-约30之间，最好在约15-约25之间。The length of the fibers in the second group is preferably greater than the length of the fibers in the first group. Preferably, the fibers in the second set have a length greater than or equal to about 0.6 cm (about 1/4 inch) and more preferably greater than or equal to about 1.3 cm (about 1/2 inch). Preferably, the fiber denier in the second set of fibers is greater than the fiber denier in the first set of fibers. Desirably, the denier per fiber of the fibers in the second set is between about 6-40. More preferably, the denier is between about 15 and about 30, most preferably between about 15 and about 25.
第二组中的纤维可以是亲水的、疏水的、也可以是部分亲水的和部分疏水的。第二组中的纤维最好至少具有某一亲水部件(最好是一个纤维素部件)。可以用几种适当的方法使第二组中的纤维带有一个亲水部件。这些方法包括(但不限于)对纤维进行涂覆或处理，以使它们(或至少是它们的表面)具有亲水性。The fibers in the second group can be hydrophilic, hydrophobic, or partially hydrophilic and partially hydrophobic. The fibers of the second group preferably have at least some hydrophilic component (preferably a cellulosic component). The fibers of the second group can be provided with a hydrophilic component in several suitable ways. These methods include, but are not limited to, coating or treating fibers to render them (or at least their surfaces) hydrophilic.
适合的合成纤维可以是田纳西州的Eastman Kodak TextileFibers Division Kingsport生产的KODEL 200和400系列产品。一种适合型号的合成纤维是KODEL 410纤维。Suitable synthetic fibers are available in the KODEL 200 and 400 series produced by Eastman Kodak Textile Fibers Division Kingsport of Tennessee. A suitable synthetic fiber is KODEL 410 fiber.
用在第二组纤维中的一种特别适合类型的合成纤维是交皱的聚酯纤维。一种适用的聚酯纤维是KODEL 431纤维。对这些KODEL纤维进行弯皱时可以按每2.5cm直线长度(即每1吋)约出现5-7个皱折的规范来进行，更可取的是每2.5cm直线距离约6个皱折，最可取的是每2.5cm直线距离约6.3个皱折更好。纤维弯皱时的弯皱角在约70°-约91°之间较好，为约88°更好。弯皱改善了纤维的作为所期望的各种性质之一的回弹性。纤维的旦尼尔数为每单根纤维15旦尼尔，纤维长度约为1.3cm(约0.5吋)。可以用本领域人员所熟悉的任何适用的方法在纤维上涂覆上一个亲水性或疏水性涂层。A particularly suitable type of synthetic fiber for use in the second group of fibers is creped polyester fiber. A suitable polyester fiber is KODEL 431 fiber. When crimping these KODEL fibers, it can be carried out according to the specification that there are about 5-7 wrinkles per 2.5cm linear length (that is, every 1 inch), and it is more desirable to have about 6 wrinkles per 2.5cm linear distance. It is preferable that there are about 6.3 wrinkles per 2.5cm linear distance. The fibers are preferably crimped at an angle of crimp between about 70° and about 91°, more preferably about 88°. Crimping improves the resiliency of the fiber, one of various desirable properties. The denier of the fibers was 15 denier per individual fiber and the fiber length was about 1.3 cm (about 0.5 inches). A hydrophilic or hydrophobic coating can be applied to the fibers by any suitable method known to those skilled in the art.
在一个可供选择的实施例中，可能用一种非常短、低旦尼尔数的合成纤维(带有亲水表面)来代替第一组纤维中的纤维。在这种情况下混合吸收芯42由短的、低旦尼尔数的亲水的第一组合成纤维(比如那些涂有一层称为CELWET的一种有专利权的永久性可润湿涂层的聚酯纤维)以及长的、高旦尼尔数的第二组合成纤维构成。涂有CELWET的聚酯纤维可从北卡罗来纳州Charlotte的HoechestCelanese公司买到。In an alternative embodiment, it is possible to replace the fibers in the first set of fibers with a very short, low denier synthetic fiber (with a hydrophilic surface). In this case the hybrid
这样的一种混合吸收芯还可以含有可形成水凝胶的聚合物凝胶剂颗粒，以便提高芯的吸收容量。Such a hybrid absorbent core may also contain hydrogel-forming polymeric gelling agent particles to increase the absorbent capacity of the core.
在一种优选的实施例中，可形成水凝胶的聚合物凝胶剂由“高速吸收”的凝胶材料构成。“高速吸收”的凝胶材料在此处是指能以在10秒钟或在10秒钟之内至少达到其吸收容量的约40％。(至少达到约50％更好，最好能至少达到约90％)的以这样速率吸收排出物的那些吸收凝胶材料。In a preferred embodiment, the hydrogel-forming polymeric gelling agent is comprised of a "high speed absorbing" gelling material. "High speed absorbency" gelling material as used herein means capable of attaining at least about 40% of its absorbent capacity in or within 10 seconds. Those absorbent gelling materials that absorb exudates at such a rate (at least up to about 50%, more preferably at least up to about 90%).
在分别由Noel等人和Feist等人提出的美国专利申请07/637090和07/637571中介绍了一种用来测量吸收容量百分率的适用方法。在可供选择的实施例中，同样可能把高速吸收凝胶材料与其它类型的(或平常速度的)吸收凝胶材料相混合使用。A suitable method for measuring percent absorbent capacity is described in US Patent Application Nos. 07/637,090 and 07/637,571 to Noel et al. and Feist et al., respectively. In alternative embodiments, it is also possible to combine high speed absorbent gelling materials with other types (or normal speed) absorbent gelling materials.
在上面刚刚介绍的实施例中，高速吸收凝胶材料最好制成纤维状的材料。在1989年8月8日授予Bourland等人的US4855179中比较详细地介绍了纤维状超吸收材料(虽然不必是纤维状高速吸收凝胶材料)。In the embodiment described immediately above, the high speed absorbent gelling material is preferably formed as a fibrous material. Fibrous superabsorbent materials (although not necessarily fibrous high speed absorbent gelling materials) are described in more detail in US Patent 4,855,179, issued August 8, 1989 to Bourland et al.
“纤维状吸收凝胶材料”是包括完全由吸收凝胶材料构成的纤维状的吸收凝胶材料以及至少是部分地由表面涂有吸收凝胶材料的其它一些材料构成的双组分纤维。一种适用的纤维状高速吸收凝胶材料为宾夕法尼亚州Newton Square的Arco化学公司正式生产的FIBERSORBSA7000。其它适用的纤维状高速超吸收纤维为Courtlauds纤维有限公司生产的被称101、102、111或112型FSA纤维的聚丙烯酸酯基纤维。"Fibrous absorbent gelling material" is intended to include fibrous absorbent gelling material composed entirely of absorbent gelling material and bicomponent fibers at least partially composed of some other material surface-coated with absorbent gelling material. A suitable fibrous high-speed absorbent gelling material is FIBERSORBSA 7000, commercially available from Arco Chemical Company of Newton Square, Pennsylvania. Other suitable fibrous high speed superabsorbent fibers are polyacrylate based fibers known as
据认为，把能形成水凝胶的聚合物凝胶剂用在这样的混合吸收芯中能够提高其有效性。当然，还可能使用较高浓度的能形成水凝胶的聚合物凝胶剂。It is believed that the use of hydrogel-forming polymeric gelling agents in such hybrid absorbent cores increases their effectiveness. Of course, it is also possible to use higher concentrations of hydrogel-forming polymeric gelling agents.
最好把混合的吸收芯42压缩到密度至少为约0.09g/cm3(约1.5g/吋3)。可以把混合吸收芯42压缩到密度至少高达约0.25g/cm3(约4.0g/吋3)，以便在仍能保持其良好柔软性和柔韧性的同时提高其流体的虹吸水平。上面所规定的密度值未计入任何吸收凝胶材料颗粒的质量。可以对整个吸收芯42或仅对其中所选定的部分进行压实。可以对其进行有图形的压实，使其流体处理性能的调整能满足特定的需要。比如，流体目标区域中的密度可以非常低，以使流体收集速率达到最高水平，而靠近芯的边缘部分的密度可以非常高以使流体虹吸水平达到最高。The combined
在一个特别优选的实施例中，改进了的吸收芯42是一种气流成网的混合纱，它由15％的1.27cm长、每单纤维15旦尼尔的经皱折过的聚酯纤维和约85％的交联纤维素纤维构成，其最后压实到密度约为0.06g/cm3(约1g/吋3)。In a particularly preferred embodiment, the improved
混合吸收芯42可用做整个吸收芯，或者也可用作多层结构中的一层或多层。所用的混合吸收芯42可以带或者不带一个收集层。The hybrid
图21-23示出了一个芯42的实例，其中用多层芯材料来制造一种“翼形”的卫生巾20。翼形卫生巾20在卫生巾的中央较厚，并且朝向边缘22和24处裁剪得较薄。图22和23所示的卫生巾20可以通过在具有一个较小长度和较小宽度的层的上面堆叠具有长度和宽度尺寸较大的多个层的方法(反过来也行)来制造。Figures 21-23 show an example of a core 42 in which multiple layers of core material are used to make a "winged"
在一个成层结构中，可以全部由纤维素材料或由纤维素/能形成水凝胶的聚合物材料的混合层来构成一个或多个层。这些层的纤维和/或吸收凝胶材料的含量或成分也可以有所不同。比如，可以在较低的各层中使用较高百分比的吸收凝胶材料以提供额外的液体储存容量。In a layered structure, one or more layers may consist entirely of cellulosic material or of a mixed layer of cellulosic/hydrogel-forming polymer material. The layers may also vary in the content or composition of fibers and/or absorbent gelling material. For example, a higher percentage of absorbent gelling material may be used in the lower layers to provide additional liquid storage capacity.
在其它实施例中，在第二组纤维中也可以包括弹性纤维。适用的弹性纤维包括熔吹纤维(比如那些液压缠结熔吹纤维和作为棉纤维的复合物的Fiberweb公司提供的#7102-102产品范围内的)或者包括由一种聚乙烯/Kraton混合物(比如用来制备Exxon公司的薄膜Exx-7的那种材料)制成的那些纤维。In other embodiments, elastic fibers may also be included in the second set of fibers. Suitable elastic fibers include meltblown fibers (such as those available in Fiberweb's# 7102-102 range of composites of hydraulically entangled meltblown fibers and as cotton fibers) or those made from a polyethylene/Kraton blend (such as Fibers made from the material used to make Exxon's film Exx-7).
(ii)其它类型吸收芯(ii) Other types of absorbent cores
其它具有可伸长性能的吸收芯结构物包括合成纤维的非粘合无纺结构物以及纺织结构物。Other absorbent core structures having extensibility properties include nonbonded nonwoven structures of synthetic fibers as well as woven structures.
比如，可以把包括纤维状超吸收材料(如Fibersorb)在内的无纺结构物与各种合成纤维结合起来制作吸收芯。通过采用粘接剂的不同花样和不同的纤维铺放方式，可以使所制出的这些无纺结构物具有可伸展的性能。For example, nonwoven structures, including fibrous superabsorbent materials such as Fibersorb, can be combined with various synthetic fibers to make absorbent cores. By using different patterns of adhesives and different fiber placement methods, these nonwoven structures can be made with extensible properties.
采用此处所述的各种不同方法中的任何一种或几种，都可以增强这些无纺结构物的伸展性能。适合用于增加伸展性的方法包括(但不限于)环锭碾压，把弹性纤维包在吸收芯内以及采用包住那些因经折皱或者卷曲而能伸展的纤维(比如图57和58中所示的纤维)。The stretch properties of these nonwoven structures can be enhanced by any one or several of the various methods described herein. Methods suitable for increasing extensibility include, but are not limited to, ring rolling, encapsulating elastic fibers in the absorbent core, and using encasement of fibers that can be stretched by crumpling or crimping (such as those shown in Figures 57 and 58). fibers shown).
一种适当的结构由上述的熔吹弹性纤维和带有超吸收材料的#7102-102棉纤维制品构成。超吸收材料可以呈颗粒状也可以呈纤维状。在其它可供选择的实施例中，所述结构可以含有经改性了的交联的纤维素纤维。可以把该交联的纤维素纤维加到未粘合的弹性纤维和超吸收材料中去。在其它一些实施例中，该交联的纤维可以代替弹性纤维(如果该交联的纤维具有固有的可伸长性)，或者也可以代替超吸收材料。A suitable construction consists of the meltblown elastic fibers described above and# 7102-102 cotton fabric with superabsorbent material. Superabsorbent materials can be in granular or fibrous form. In other alternative embodiments, the structure may contain modified cross-linked cellulose fibers. The crosslinked cellulosic fibers can be added to unbonded elastic fibers and superabsorbent materials. In other embodiments, the crosslinked fibers may replace elastic fibers (if the crosslinked fibers are inherently extensible), or may replace superabsorbent material.
(3)使吸收芯具有弹性(3) Make the absorbent core elastic
可以把本说明书中所述的任何实施例中的吸收芯42制作成不但是可以伸展的，而且是可弹性伸展的。The
即使吸收芯本身不具有弹性，也可以把它制作成是可弹性伸展的。通过把吸收芯42粘着到一个弹性底层或顶层上就可以使吸收芯42与弹性顶片或底片一起伸长或收缩，从而可以使所制出的吸收芯能弹性伸长。Even if the absorbent core itself is not elastic, it can be made elastically extensible. The
卫生巾(或其它吸收物品)20还包括任何附加的吸收层或其它部件(比如作为参考文件而引用的那些专利中所述部件)。比如，吸收物品可以包括一个收集层或者置于顶片38和吸收芯42之间交联的纤维素纤维片。The sanitary napkin (or other absorbent article) 20 also includes any additional absorbent layers or other components such as described in those patents incorporated by reference. For example, the absorbent article may comprise an acquisition layer or a sheet of crosslinked cellulosic fibers disposed between the
C.底片C. Negative film
(1)优选的底片材料的一般性质(1) General properties of preferred backsheet materials
底片40是不能透过液体的，从而可以防止体液弄脏使用者的衣服。可以用范围很广的材料来制造适用的底片40。这些适合的材料包括压花的或者未压花的聚乙烯膜和叠层织物。The
适用的聚乙烯膜是由Monsanta化学公司生产并由俄亥俄州的辛辛那提的Clopay公司按照P18-0401规范以及由印地安那州TerreHaute的Tredegar薄膜制品公司按照XP-39385的规范作为第8020号薄膜而推向市场的。Suitable polyethylene films are manufactured by Monsanta Chemical Company and are marketed as Film No. 8020 by Clopay Corporation of Cincinnati, Ohio in accordance with specification P18-0401 and by Tredegar Film Products Company of TerreHaute, Indiana in accordance with specification XP-39385. to the market.
在卫生巾20的一个可供选择的实施例中(所述卫生巾20的典型情况是：顶片38仅盖住主体部分21，并且不伸出到外面而构成可能存在的边舌顶面)，底片40可由两个层构成。在这种情况下，底片40可以包括一个置于底片朝向芯侧40A上的由松软材料制成的第一层。设置第一层的目的是提供一个贴在使用者身体上的舒适的、不带刺激性的表面。In an alternative embodiment of sanitary napkin 20 (the typical situation of described
这个松软层可以由任何适合的材料构成，比如由一种无纺材料构成。松软层最好是由一种疏水的无纺材料构成。The loft can consist of any suitable material, for example a non-woven material. The loft is preferably formed from a hydrophobic nonwoven material.
第二层可以置于底片40的朝向内衣一侧40B上，并且可由一种流体不能穿透的膜构成。现已发现有一种厚度为约0.01至0.05mm(最好厚度为0.02mm)的低密度聚乙烯材料适合作为这个第二层。现已发现聚乙烯膜(比如Ethyl公司的Visqueen分公司出售的XP-39385型产品)特别适合用作这个第二层。底片40也可以由相对于顶片38疏水的一种松软的、类似衣料的材料制成。现已发现聚酯或聚烯烃纤维底片40的性能很好。一种特别优选的松软的、类似衣料的底片40的材料是1984年10月9日授予Wnuk的US4476180中所述的、由一种聚酯无纺材料和一种薄膜构成的一个叠层。The second layer may be disposed on the garment-facing side 40B of the
(2)使底片具有可伸长性(2) Make the backsheet extensible
可伸展底片有很多可能的类型，这些底片包括(但不限于)下述的实施例。There are many possible types of extensible backsheets, including but not limited to the examples described below.
一般来说，也可以用上述的很多种能使底片具有伸展性的顶片的许多工艺来制造可伸展的底片40。通过一种机械加工(比如对底层材料进行打褶、起皱处理或环锭碾压)可以把底片材料制成可伸展的。通过用由一种可伸展材料制作出的薄膜(比如上述的Exxon膜Exx-7)来形成底片40，可以使所制作的底片40具有伸展性。In general, the
不过，一般来说，用作构成底片40的薄膜等物是无孔的；或者即使用开孔区域提供孔隙也需通过覆盖这些开孔区域、封闭这些开孔区域、减小开孔区域的尺寸或其它方式使薄膜成为不透液体的。Generally speaking, however, the film or the like used to constitute the
一种特别优选的可伸长的底片40是威斯康星州Wauwatosa的Findley粘着剂公司生产的配方号的#198-338的一种可伸展的粘着膜。Findley粘着膜是一种能够伸长200-300％的流体不能透过的膜。它之所以被优选，是因为它还可弹性伸长。A particularly preferred
这种薄膜可以照原样用在卫生巾20上，可以把这种粘着膜的一侧粘到吸收芯42朝向内衣的一侧42B上。另一侧就将构成底片40面向内衣的一侧40B，并且可用作一个内裤扣件粘着条。This film can be used as it is on the
此外，可以把构成面向内衣一侧40B的粘着膜一侧的至少部分粘着表面覆盖住(或者“遮住”以消除其粘着性)。也可以至少把底片面向身体的粘合侧面40A的一部分遮住。In addition, at least part of the adhesive surface constituting the side of the adhesive film facing the undergarment side 40B may be covered (or "masked" to eliminate its adhesiveness). It is also possible to mask at least a portion of the body-facing
可以用许多种适当的方式把暴露的粘着面遮住。这些方式包括(但不限于)附着一层非粘着材料以盖住暴露的粘着剂，以及一种粉末状材料(比如滑石粉或玉米淀粉)涂到或者撒到至少部分暴露的粘着剂上。可以遮住底片40面向内衣一侧40B的一部分暴露的粘着剂，并使剩下的暴露的粘着剂构成特定的内裤扣接粘着图形。The exposed adhesive surface can be masked in a number of suitable ways. These include, but are not limited to, attaching a layer of non-adhesive material to cover exposed adhesive, and coating or dusting a powdered material (such as talc or cornstarch) over at least part of the exposed adhesive. A portion of the exposed adhesive on the undergarment-facing side 40B of the
在另外一些实施例中，可以使所制成的粘着膜一侧有粘性，而一侧没有粘性。具有这些性质的一种适当的粘着膜是一种带有低弹性系数的对压力敏感的粘着剂的一种无纺弹性膜构成的复合结构，比如可以是Findley粘着剂公司提供的牌号为#198-338的粘着膜，这种粘着膜带有一种粘着膜(比如Findlay粘着剂公司的牌号为H2301的膜)。1991年7月16日授予Freeland等人US5032120以及1991年8月6日授予Allen等人的US5037416中进一步描述(并为其它目的而使用)了这类材料。In other embodiments, the adhesive film can be formed with one side of adhesive and one side without adhesive. A suitable adhesive film having these properties is a composite structure of a nonwoven elastic film with a pressure sensitive adhesive of low modulus of elasticity, such as that available from Findley Adhesives under the designation# 198 -338 adhesive film with an adhesive film (such as Findlay Adhesive Company's brand H2301 film). Such materials are further described (and used for other purposes) in US5032120, Freeland et al., issued July 16, 1991, and US5037416, Allen et al., issued August 6, 1991.
在其它优选的实施例中，底片40可由一种可伸展的叠层结构构成。这样的一个叠层可由两个层或更多个层构成。对于由多个层构成的叠层，其中每个层可以具有不同的伸展性。比如，底片40可以是由Findlay粘着膜构成的叠层，该薄膜盖在可伸展的无纺材料片或一种可伸展的膜的一侧或两侧上。In other preferred embodiments, the
D.顶片、底片和吸收芯材料的组合D. Combination of Topsheet, Backsheet and Absorbent Core Materials
本发明的卫生巾20可以由此处所述的顶片、底片和吸收芯材料的许多不同的组合而构成。The
如上所述，卫生巾20可全部由可伸展的部件而构成。比如图1-3中所示的卫生巾20可由任何选自上述那些材料的一个顶片、底片和吸收芯而构成。可以把不同类型的顶片、底片和吸收芯材料组装成许多种可能的组合结构中的任何一种。As noted above, the
如上所述的可供选择的卫生巾20可以由一些可伸展的组成部件和一些不可伸展的组成部件构成。例如卫生巾至少可以由上述的可伸展的组成部件之一构成，这些可伸展的组成部件是由任何通用的不可伸展材料，或者至少由上述的某些基本材料而构成的，其中那些基本材料要在其形成各种不同结构之前获得可伸长性能，从而获得了所期望的性能或降低卫生巾20的总成本。The alternative
图23A-23C示出了用一些可伸展的和一些不可伸展的组成部件形成的卫生巾的非限定的例子，还有许多不同的例子，同样也在本发明范围内。Figures 23A-23C illustrate non-limiting examples of sanitary napkins formed with some extensible and some non-extensible components, and there are many different examples that are also within the scope of the present invention.
图23A和图23B示出了具有一个可伸展顶片38和底片40以及不可伸展的吸收芯42的卫生巾20。吸收芯42相对顶片38和底片40通过材料101的可伸展的材料条或材料带101支撑起来，这些可伸长的材料条101固定到顶片38和底片40上。23A and 23B show a
在这个实施例中吸收芯42构成一个位于顶片40之间的吊起结构，而顶片38和底片40形成一个包围吸收芯42的可伸展的类似袋状的结构。In this embodiment the
在图23A和23B(特别是卫生巾的底片40)中示出的卫生巾20可以为了配合和舒适而随着穿用者的内裤伸展。采用具有不可伸展性的吸收芯42优越性是在这个卫生巾中，即使在顶片38和底片40伸长时，吸收芯的不可伸展的性能能保持吸收芯42的毛细管特性。The
图23C示出了一个具有一个同不可伸展的顶片38和一个不可伸展的吸收芯42相结合的可伸展的底片40的卫生巾20，在图23C中示出的卫生巾20具有类似上述图中所示卫生巾的优点，但是，在图23C中的卫生巾20还具有几个附加的优点。Figure 23 C shows a
当底片伸展时，顶片38的不可伸展性也允许顶片38保持它的毛细管特性(顶片同吸水芯42一起通常形成一个复合的吸收系统)。The inextensibility of the
在图23C中所示的卫生巾20还允许那些靠近穿用者身体的那些部件(顶片38和吸收芯42)贴近穿用者身体而不伸展。对于需要根据穿用者的内裤的伸展调整的情况，可以采用调整底片40的办法。The
图23C所示的卫生巾20具有一对纵向取向沿着朝向人体的卫生巾一侧可伸展的窄带99。窄带99可以由一种无纺材料构成，窄带99最好是柔软的，以便为使用者提供一个更舒适的表面。窄带99还把顶片38连接到底片40上。这种窄带99可以用作“隔离元件”(将在后面描述)，它使底片40比在这种窄带不存在时更不受顶片38和吸收芯42的伸长和伸展的影响。The
由一些可伸展的组成部件和一些不可伸展的组成部件组成的几个可供选择的其它卫生巾实施例具有用于扣紧到使用者内裤上的伸展的附着件。这些将在44(1)节中描述。Several alternative sanitary napkin embodiments consisting of some extensible components and some non-extensible components have an extensible attachment for fastening to the user's panties. These are described in Section 44(1).
除了结合各种不同的顶片，底片以及吸收芯的材料外，这里所限定的一些材料可以完成多个功能，或在一个吸收物品中可以用作多个组成部件。In addition to combining various topsheet, backsheet and absorbent core materials, some of the materials defined herein may perform multiple functions or serve as multiple components within an absorbent article.
例如，这里所述的一些泡沫材料是适于用作吸收芯的，这些材料可用作顶片和吸收芯，并且可以完成底片的功能。这可以通过把不渗透的涂料涂到泡沫材料朝向衣服的一侧上，或者用其它的方法处理朝向内衣的一侧使其不渗 透液体。在另一个实施例中，顶片38可以省去，而底片可以完成顶片38通常完成的功能。For example, some of the foam materials described herein are suitable for use as absorbent cores, these materials can be used as topsheets and absorbent cores, and can perform the function of a backsheet. This can be done by applying an impermeable coating to the garment-facing side of the foam, or otherwise treating the undergarment-facing side to make it impermeable to liquids. In another embodiment, the
此外，这里所述的适用于一个组成部件[例如一个顶片(或一个底片或吸收芯)]的那些材料可以用于一个或多个不同的组成部件，即只要这些材料具有或经改性后具有这个组成部分所希望的特性。Furthermore, those materials described herein as suitable for one component [e.g. a topsheet (or a backsheet or absorbent core)] may be used for one or more different components, that is, so long as the materials have or are modified have the desired properties of this component.
此外，这里所述的制造这些可伸展的组成部件(例如顶片、底片或吸收芯)的方式一般可用于制造任何其它可伸展性组成部件。Furthermore, the manner described herein for making these extensible components (such as topsheets, backsheets or absorbent cores) can generally be used to make any other extensible component.
E.顶片、底片及吸水芯的组装。E. Assembly of top sheet, back sheet and absorbent core.
上述卫生巾(顶片、底片吸收芯)可以用任何合适的能使卫生巾20可以伸长的方法固定一起。The aforementioned sanitary napkin (topsheet, backsheet absorbent core) may be held together by any suitable means that will allow the
在图1所示的优选的实施例中，卫生巾20的各组成部分的尺寸可以这样确定：使顶片38和底片40的边缘向外超过吸收芯42边缘，底片40包括一层可伸展的粘着剂膜，吸收芯42放在底片40的顶面上，然后，顶片38放在吸收芯42上面。把向外伸出超过吸收芯42的边缘的顶片38的边缘固定到底片40的边缘上。In the preferred embodiment shown in Figure 1, the dimensions of the various components of the
如图1所示，最好也把顶片38沿着第一接缝处，例如，接缝处90固定到底片40上。接缝处90最好不能渗透液体。接缝处90可以用适于这个目的的任何公知的方法形成，例如可以通过胶合、卷曲或热焊接。接缝90示出在图5中的有边舌的产品上，这是作为一个接缝围绕主体部分21的整个周边伸展的具体例子。As shown in Figure 1, the
业已发现，这种结构足以固定住卫生巾的各组成部分，而不需固定组成部件彼此相邻的面。当然，如上面所记述的把其中的一些组成部件固定在它们的正面常常也是可取的。It has been found that this structure is sufficient to secure the components of the sanitary napkin without securing the adjacent faces of the components. Of course, it is often advisable to fix some of the components on their front faces as described above.
上述的例子是一个易于制作的优选的实施例(其它使各组成部件连接起来的方式也可应用)。The above example is a preferred embodiment which is easy to manufacture (other ways of connecting the components are also applicable).
例如，本发明也包括所谓“管子”产品，在这些产品中，可以使一种能透过液体的覆盖材料(例如顶片材料)完全包围在吸收芯和底片周围。然后，可以把这些组成部件一起固定起来。在另一个结构中，顶片可以围绕芯子包围，而可以把被包围吸收芯放在并固定到底片上。For example, the present invention also encompasses so-called "tube" products in which a liquid-permeable cover material (eg, topsheet material) is provided to completely surround the absorbent core and backsheet. These constituent parts can then be fastened together. In another construction, the topsheet can be wrapped around the core, and the surrounded absorbent core can be placed and secured to the backsheet.
F.用于把卫生巾附着到使用者内裤的扣件。F. Fasteners for attaching the sanitary napkin to the user's panties.
(1)优选的扣件的一般特性.(1) General characteristics of preferred fasteners.
底片40的朝向内衣侧40B可能包括扣件44(或用于卫生巾附着到使用者的内衣的部件或附着部件)。The undergarment-facing side 40B of the
图3概略地示出了中心衬垫扣件，例如中心树垫粘接层44，它用于把卫生巾固定到一内裤的叉区。中心衬垫扣件44把主体部分21固定在内裤的叉区。Figure 3 schematically illustrates a central liner fastener, such as central tree liner adhesive 44, which is used to secure the sanitary napkin to the crotch region of an undergarment.
图5示出了一个片状扣件，例如边舌粘着层45，边舌粘着层45用于协助在那些边舌52包围住内裤的叉边缘后的定位。(将在下面描述)。边舌粘着层45位于边舌52的外表面上(即距卫生巾20的纵向中心线L最远的边舌的那个端部)可以通过把边舌52附着在内裤上或附着到相对的边舌上来保持边舌52的定位。Figure 5 shows a sheet fastener, such as a tongue
可以分别用可取下的盖条或防粘衬里(例如中心衬垫防粘衬里和边舌防粘衬里，二者标号均为50)覆盖到这些粘着扣件上。为了防止粘着剂在使用前粘在无关的表面上，应该采用脱开衬里覆盖。适用的脱开衬里在美国专利4917697中有描述。These adhesive fasteners may be covered with removable cover strips or release liners, such as a center pad release liner and side tongue release liners, both referenced 50, respectively. To prevent the adhesive from sticking to unrelated surfaces prior to use, it should be covered with a release liner. Suitable release liners are described in US Patent 4,917,697.
虽然为了说明简单起见，在开始时借助于“粘着剂”这个词来描述扣件，但是扣件的类型是不限于粘着剂。可取的扣件除包括粘着剂扣件外还包括不限于粘着型的，例如压敏粘着剂条、机械扣件以及粘着剂和机械扣件的组合，下面将详细描述这些可取的扣件种类及其布置。Although for simplicity of illustration the fastener is initially described with the aid of the word "adhesive", the type of fastener is not limited to adhesive. Preferred fasteners include, but are not limited to, adhesive types other than adhesive fasteners, such as pressure sensitive adhesive strips, mechanical fasteners, and combinations of adhesive and mechanical fasteners. These preferred types of fasteners are described in detail below and its layout.
(a)粘着扣件(a) Adhesive fasteners
把要采用的压敏粘着剂以很多不同的图形或布置涂到底片40朝内裤那侧40B上。The desired pressure sensitive adhesive is applied to the garment side 40B of the
这些粘着剂的布置可以用于各种薄的和柔软的卫生巾的场合。于1992年3月19日公开的由Papa等人提交的名称“吸收物品的形状和粘着剂扣件”的W09/04000国际申请作为本申请的参考文件，它公开了可以用于如下两种目的的布置(1)使穿用卫生巾者的身体感到舒适；(2)减少卫生巾的纵向边缘翻转和聚拢的倾向和减少翻动和减少使内裤的粘着剂同穿用者身体和阴毛接触的倾向。These adhesive arrangements can be used in a variety of thin and flexible sanitary napkin applications. International Application W09/04000, titled "Shapes and Adhesive Fasteners for Absorbent Articles", published March 19, 1992 by Papa et al., incorporated herein by reference, discloses The arrangement of (1) makes the body of the wearer feel comfortable; (2) reduces the tendency of the longitudinal edges of the sanitary napkin to turn over and gather and reduce the tendency of the adhesive of the underwear to contact the wearer's body and pubic hair .
Papa等人的专利申请给出的第一个教导是：使粘着剂扣件的总宽度应尽可能接近穿用内裤的人体叉区的宽度，可以减少内裤弹性引起卫生巾纵向边缘反向翻动的倾向的作用力。Papa等人的专利申请给出的第二个教导是：至少在一些实施例中，沿卫生巾20纵向中心线L应该设有一个区域，使该区域中的底片40不附着到穿用者内裤上，就可以通过底片40的该中心部分使内裤同卫生巾分离，从而使卫生巾变形为类似于图10中所示的W形。The first teaching given by the patent application of Papa et al. is that the total width of the adhesive fastener should be as close as possible to the width of the crotch area of the human body where the panty is worn, which can reduce the tendency of the panty elasticity to cause the longitudinal edge of the sanitary napkin to reverse. Tendency force. The second teaching given by the patent application of Papa et al. is: at least in some embodiments, there should be an area along the longitudinal centerline L of the
Papa等人专利申请给出的第三个教导是：粘着剂应靠近卫生巾的末端边缘24，以便减少末端翻动，但不能太接近。粘着剂不应太靠近末端边缘24，因末端很轻微的翻动将引起该粘着剂与穿用者身体接触，粘着剂离开末端边缘24的可取距离是不大于大约6mm，而最好不超过约6mm加或减约3mm。The third teaching of the Papa et al. patent application is that the adhesive should be close to the
为达到这些相同的目的，可以采用本发明的粘接剂的布置，同时提供了能适应穿用者身体和穿在身上的内裤的动态改变的卫生巾。The adhesive arrangement of the present invention can be employed to achieve these same ends while providing a sanitary napkin which can adapt to the dynamic changes of the wearer's body and the undergarments worn on the body.
可以采用的粘着剂布置取决于是使用可伸展的还是不可伸展的粘着层。上面布置有可伸展的粘着层的卫生巾的部分是可伸展的，含有不可伸展粘着层的卫生巾通常只能在粘着层补片之间伸展，如果采用不可伸展的粘着层，最好按断断续续的图形布置粘着层补片，以便允许卫生巾在粘着层补片之间伸展。The adhesive arrangements that can be employed depend on whether an extensible or non-extensible adhesive layer is used. The portion of the sanitary napkin on which the extensible adhesive layer is disposed is extensible. Sanitary napkins with non-extensible adhesive layers can usually only be stretched between the adhesive patches, preferably intermittently if non-extensible adhesive layers are used. The pattern of the adhesive layer patches is arranged to allow the sanitary napkin to stretch between the adhesive layer patches.
可以按多种布置涂敷粘着剂，这些布置包括(但不限于)：(1)单一的粘着剂区域或粘着剂补片；(2)两个位于纵向中心线相对两侧的平行的纵向取向的窄条；(3)两个向内弯的弓形的粘着剂窄条；以及(4)多个粘着剂补片。如果是可伸展的粘着层，可以把粘着剂按上述的布置(或其它布置)涂敷成连续的或不连续的图样。如上面指出的那样，对于不可伸展的粘着层，最好是把粘着剂涂敷成不连续的图样，包括(但不限于)断续的点、断续的条等。Adhesive may be applied in a variety of arrangements including, but not limited to: (1) a single area or patch of adhesive; (2) two parallel longitudinal orientations on opposite sides of the longitudinal centerline (3) two inwardly curved arcuate adhesive strips; and (4) a plurality of adhesive patches. In the case of an extensible adhesive layer, the adhesive may be applied in a continuous or discontinuous pattern in the arrangement described above (or other arrangements). As noted above, for non-extensible adhesive layers, it is preferred that the adhesive be applied in a discontinuous pattern including, but not limited to, intermittent dots, intermittent strips, and the like.
图3示出用在本发明的卫生巾上一个优选的粘着剂的布置。Figure 3 shows a preferred adhesive arrangement for use on the sanitary napkin of the present invention.
所示的粘着剂布置包括6个2cm×2cm(约3/4吋×3/4吋)正方形方块和两个2cm×6.4cm(约3/4吋×2.5吋)纵向矩形方块。位于纵向中心线的每一侧有一个矩形部分在卫生巾的端区域28和30中，这些正方形块的配置在每个端区域有一个块在每个角27上，应符合一个块沿纵向中心线配置的要求。The adhesive arrangement shown included six 2 cm by 2 cm (approximately 3/4 inch by 3/4 inch) square squares and two 2 cm by 6.4 cm (approximately 3/4 inch by 2.5 inch) longitudinal rectangular squares. There is a rectangular section on each side of the longitudinal centerline. In the
每个粘着剂片44上可以用分开的窄条50覆盖，但是，这些补片最好由单一的防粘片覆盖。这样做不仅使制造容易，并且有利于消费者没有必要处理几个小的单个的覆盖窄条50。Each
如果粘着剂是可伸长的，其伸长量最好能达到表I所述的卫生巾同样的量。If the adhesive is extensible, it is preferably extensible by the same amount as the sanitary napkin described in Table I.
合适的可伸长粘着剂包括：可伸长的粘着剂本身，以及可伸长粘着剂/底片的组合，可以采用任何公知可用的可伸长粘着剂。合适的可伸长粘着剂/底片组合包括(但不限于)用在可伸长的公知底片材料上非可伸展的粘着剂，例如可以从Anchor Continental，Inc.3Sigma Divition of Covington，OhiO买到的称为3Sigma2474的粘着剂；弹性可伸展粘着薄膜，例如Findiey adhesive 198-338，或公知的弹性可伸展粘着薄膜，例如可以从Minnesota Mining和Manufacturing Company of St，Paul，Minnesota买到的3M×Po-o-o14；或把粘着剂例如3M粘着剂1442喷在一低弹性系数薄膜上。Suitable extensible adhesives include: extensible adhesives themselves, as well as extensible adhesive/backsheet combinations, and any known and useful extensible adhesive can be used. Suitable extensible adhesive/backsheet combinations include, but are not limited to, non-extensible adhesives for use on extensible known backsheet materials, such as those commercially available from Anchor Continental, Inc. 3 Sigma Division of Covington, Ohio Adhesive known as 3Sigma 2474; elastically extensible adhesive film such as Findiey adhesive 198-338, or known elastically extensible adhesive films such as 3M x Po- o-o14; or spray an adhesive such as 3M adhesive 1442 on a film with a low modulus of elasticity.
合适的不可伸展的粘着剂可以是例如规格为0.6mil所述的Pass的那些粘着剂，例如从Century Adhesive购买的产品号为A305-4的产品，或从Anchor Cotinetal，Inc.3Sigma DivisionofCovington，Ohio购买的产品。在美国4917697号专利中更详细地描述了适用的不可伸长粘着剂的扣件。Suitable non-stretchable adhesives may be, for example, those adhesives of the Pass described in the 0.6 mil specification, such as the product No. A305-4 available from Century Adhesive, or from Anchor Cotinetal, Inc. 3 Sigma Division of Covington, Ohio The product. Suitable inextensible adhesive fasteners are described in more detail in US Patent No. 4,917,697.
(b)机械扣件，摩擦扣件等扣件(b) mechanical fasteners, friction fasteners and other fasteners
这里所述的本发明所有各种实施例使用的扣件不限于粘着剂附着方式，在可用于这种场合的任何公知的扣件都可以使用。The fasteners used in all of the various embodiments of the invention described herein are not limited to adhesive attachments, and any known fasteners useful in such applications may be used.
例如，可以把卫生巾20用常规的VELCRO钩形材料，或用下述文件描述的扣件固定到穿用者的内衣上，这些文件是1990年8月批准的Battrell的美国4946527号专利，分别于1991上10月22日和1992年5月26日授予Thmas的美国5058247和5116563号专利，以及1990年8月8日公开的欧洲NO0381087号专利申请；或者用高摩擦系数的泡沫和其它高摩擦系数材料，例如在授予Korpman美国4166464号专利，授予LinkerIII等人美国4834739专利以及授予Gossens等人美国5011480号专利中所述的那些材料。For example, the
作用在穿用者内裤的卫生巾20的朝向内衣表面20B上的由穿用者身体的运动引起的拉伸力是造成许多问题的原因，这个原因将导致粘接剂扣件从内裤上离开。在可伸展的吸收物品上采用机械扣件被认为是特别有益的，由于机械扣件倾向于减少剪切力的影响。啮合在穿用者内裤织物上的机械扣件将随内裤移动，从而减轻了由剪切力引起的麻烦。The stretching forces caused by the movement of the wearer's body on the underwear-facing
G.卫生巾的任选的组成部件G. Optional Components of Sanitary Napkins
本发明的卫生巾20还可以配置任选的附加组成部件，如果需要可以用这里所述的任何方式使这些附加的组成部件具有不同的可伸长性能。The
在本发明的卫生巾20中可以配置一个或多个附加的渗透或吸水层，这些附加的渗透或吸收层可以放在吸收芯42和顶片38或底片40之间，或放在顶片和底片两者之间。如图6所示的一个吸收层，例如虹吸层46被放在顶片38和吸收芯42之间，这个虹吸层46可以认为是第二顶片，或“海棉状的收集层”，或“收集层”。One or more additional permeable or absorbent layers may be provided in the
在图6所示的实施例中，收集层46是无纺材料的叠片。当然收集层46不必须是一个折叠片。这里用于描述收集层和“层”或“片状物”这两个词不限于材料的单一的非折叠片材、折叠片材、材料条、松散或粘合的纤维，材料的多层或迭层，或这些材料的其它组合。“层”和“片状物”这两个词不限于材料的单一非折叠层或片。In the embodiment shown in FIG. 6, the
图6中收集层46是一个双Z形折叠片，收集层46是按下述特定的折叠方式加工出的，即当在沿横向中心线T切开卫生巾时，对于折叠片左半部分，在截面处看上去呈倒“Z”型，而右半部分呈一个“Z”型，收集层46最好按下述要求折叠，即使其有一上部49，在平面图上它呈现一个矩形窄条。收集层的上部49最好是大约227mm长，而宽在大约25-38mm之间，上部49最好有一个从大约0.5mm到大约4mm厚度(这个上限范围越大，获得的产品越厚)。这样的折叠结构在由Vissche等人在1992年5月14日公开的PCT专利申请WO92107535中有更详细的描述。
图7是一个类似于图6的简化的截面图，给出一个卫生巾20的组成部件的可替代的结构。在图7中在芯42上放置的不是一个位于吸收芯42顶部的分开的层，收集层46是一个整体层(或组成部件)，它是由叠层的吸收芯42结构的顶层。FIG. 7 is a simplified cross-sectional view similar to FIG. 6, showing an alternative construction of the components of the
收集层46有助于改进吸收芯42上面和内部对排泄物的虹吸能力，至于为什么改善渗出物的虹吸性能有几个重要的理由，通过改进虹吸材料可以使渗出物在整个吸收芯上更均匀地分布。
通过改进虹吸性能，还能使本发明的卫生巾20制造得比较薄，使收集层46能够把渗出液分散到吸收芯的大表面积上，这种吸收层46允许卫生巾20吸收比较多的排出液，而已有技术中的厚卫生巾是依靠在初始存储排出液处的沿垂直方向上高效吸收。由于这些已有的卫生巾的吸收芯相当厚，所以仅利用低效的表面区吸收能力或侧向吸收能力也能吸收大量排出液。本发明的薄型卫生巾20可以吸收比较大量的排出液，因为虹吸材料把排出液分散到吸收芯42的大的表面积上，在那里可以更好和更快地把排出液沿垂直方向吸收到吸收芯42中。By improving the wicking properties, the
收集层46也可以用于把排出液引导到吸收芯的端部(42D)，存储在吸收芯42上的液体排出物将趋于从它们存储的地方向外辐射分散。因为卫生巾20的吸收芯42与它的长度相比是相对窄的，液体排出物到达吸收芯42的纵向边缘42C要比到达吸收芯的端边缘42D更快。收集层46可适用于纵向虹吸并把排出液引导到吸收芯42的末端42D，这就更有效地利用了吸收芯的能力，从而减少了由于排出液过早地到达吸收芯的纵向边缘42C而引起漏泄的可能性。The
收集层46的特性如下；收集层46应是可渗透液体的，收集层46最好也是柔顺的，感觉柔软的，并且不刺激使用者皮肤。它可以由任何能分散排出液的材料按上述的优选方法制造。这些材料还可以具有一个熔合到其上面的顶片38。收集层46最好具有伸展性质，这个收集层46有一个朝向人体的面(或侧)46A和一个朝向内衣的面46B。The characteristics of the
收集层46应是亲水的，组成收集层46的纤维或纱线(55)可以是固有的亲水的，另一方面可以通过对纤维进行处理使其变成亲水的。用于把纤维变成亲水的合适的方法，包括用表面活性剂处理。通过用一表面活性剂涂敷包含在收集层中的材料或把该材料浸到表面活性剂中的方法进行处理，有关这样一种处理的亲水性能的更详细的讨论包含在授予Reising等人的美国4988344号专利和授予Ressing等人的美国4988345号专利中。这些纤维的亲水性允许收集层46通过顶片38从下面吸出液体排出物。The
收集层46可以由许多同吸收芯相同的材料构成，收集层46可以由织物或无纺物构成，这些材料可以是合成的，或部分合成的和部分天然的材料。合适的合成纤维包括聚酯、聚丙烯、聚乙烯、尼龙、粘性人造纤维，或乙酸纤维素，优先选用聚酯纤维。合适的天然纤维包括：棉纱、纤维素，或其它天然纤维。收集层46也可以至少部分是交联纤维素纤维或在下面作为例子所描述的实施例中的毛细管通道纤维。The
收集层46也可以由上述材料的组合构成，例如由类似于上述的用于混合的吸收芯的纤维的混合纱，或任何等同材料或材料的组合构成。The
用于吸收层46的纤维或纱线55可以是任何长度的(从恒定长度到连续的细丝。纤维55的可取长度是在约2.5cm到7.5cm(在约1吋到3吋)之间，最好是约3.8cm(约1.5吋)。纤维55的可取旦尼尔数是在约每单纤维1和3之间，最好是约1.5。The fibers or
收集层46的纤维55最好大多数取向在一个方向，在制造收集层46时通常是使纤维的取向沿着加工方向(MD)。在把收集层46定位在产品上时，即可以使大多数纤维的取向沿纵向，也可以沿横向(即使纤维55大致平行于卫生巾20的纵向中心线L或平行于横向中心线T)。The
这里用的短语“基本上平行”于中心线中的一条是指其中包括同各个中心线分开成一个角度的纤维。只要纤维的取向在纵向比横向定向更接近，就认为这些纤维基本上平行于纵向中心线。As used herein, the phrase "substantially parallel" to one of the centerlines means that fibers that are separated at an angle to the respective centerline are included therein. Fibers are considered to be substantially parallel to the longitudinal centerline whenever the orientation of the fibers is closer in the machine direction than in the transverse direction.
通过使收集层46中的纤维55沿着纵向取向可以用于引起储存在收集层46中的液体排出物更好地虹吸和朝向吸收芯42的端部42D分配。如果在收集层中的纤维55大多数平行于纵向中心线L，那么某种加工例如环锭碾压通常要在纵向可伸展的吸收层46上完成。Orienting the
收集层46可以具有任何适合的尺寸，收集层46不必延伸到吸收芯42的整个宽度上，吸收层46可以是例如放置在类似于图5和图6中所示的Z方向折叠的上部49的条状物，(该收集层的尺寸也同图5和图6中的类似)。The
对于无纺物构成的收集层46，可以很多种不同的工艺来制作。这些工艺包括(但不限于)下列按可取的顺序从低到高排列为：熔吹、纺粘、梳理工艺，后者包括(按可取程度从高到低排列顺序)热粘接、通过空气粘接，粉末粘接，胶乳粘接，溶剂粘接，或最可取的射流喷网工艺。上述梳理法所包括的那些工艺是更可取的，因为在这些工艺中容易使纤维取向在一个单一方向。The
在市场上可以买到适合作“收集层”46的产品，包括70％/30％的人造丝/聚酯纤维，如公知的SONTARA，在授予Osbornr的美国专利4950264和5009653中更详尽地描述了SONTARA纤维。There are commercially available products suitable as "acquisition layers" 46 comprising 70%/30% rayon/polyester fibers known as SONTARA and described in more detail in U.S. Patents 4,950,264 and 5,009,653 to Osbornr SONTARA fiber.
在一个具体的可取实施例中，收集层46是由一个可永久润湿的纤维组成的射流喷射的无纺织物片，收集层46可取的是一个35g/m2的聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯(或PET)的射流喷网无纺织片。这类的射流喷射纤维是由Veratec Company of Walpole，Massachustts，生产的。对射流喷网无纺织物片加工时，最好能使其大部分纤维沿一个单一的方向取向上。In a particularly preferred embodiment, the
这种特别合适的收集层46材料的纤维是由PET树脂制造的，并涂上一层永久可润湿涂料CELWET。这里的“永久可润湿”一词是指纤维在小于或等于7秒钟内当按ASTMD1117-74吊篮下沉法试验时将下沉完毕。The fibers of this particularly
这种CELWET涂料特别适合涂在具有由多孔薄膜或带有按照美国专利申请07/810744(1991年12月17日由Gree等人提交的)中所描述的湿法缠结无纺纤维组成的顶片38上。因为经这种涂料涂敷过的纤维湿法缠结工艺后，保持着良好的亲水性，并很容易吸收血液。This CELWET coating is particularly suitable for use on tops having porous films or wet entangled nonwoven fibers as described in U.S. Patent Application 07/810744 (filed December 17, 1991 by Gree et al.).
在另一具体优选的实施例中，收集层46是由Fiberweb Group制造的称为P-9的纺粘聚丙烯无纺CELESTRA织物。In another particularly preferred embodiment, the
根据需要，在卫生巾20上还可以附带二个从卫生巾20的每个纵向边22向外伸出的边舌52，边舌52可以呈任何形状，适合的边舌52可以根据例如下列专利中的技术教导进行制作，这些专利文件是：1986年5月20日授权给Van Yilburg的美国4589876号专利、1987年8月18日授权给VAn.Tilburg的美国4687478号专利，1991年10月1日由Larash等人提交的名称为“带有边舌和不同伸长性能区的吸收物品”的美国071769891号专利申请，1992年2月7日由Niihara等人提交的名称为具有向内折叠的打褶边舌吸收物品的美国07/832246号专利申请，1991年5月21日由Osborn等人提交的名为“具有为附着到穿用者内裤侧向延伸件的卫生巾”的美国07/707233号专利申请。这些专利的公开文件作为本申请的参考文件。According to needs, the
下述例子进一步说明了本发明的实际应用，特别是说明了具有相同结构的、利用毛细通道纤维的那些卫生巾。当然，下述的这些例子不是对本发明的吸收物品所包括范围的限制。The following examples further illustrate the practice of the present invention, particularly those sanitary napkins of similar construction utilizing capillary channel fibers. Of course, the following examples are not intended to limit the scope of the absorbent article of the present invention.
例1 厚的衬垫Example 1 thick pad
卫生巾是利用下列部件经手工制作的，为了组装成产品可参考图18。Sanitary napkins are handcrafted using the following components, referring to Figure 18 for assembly into a product.
顶片38可根据美国4463045号专利制作，然后进行环锭滚压以便使顶片具有纵向延伸的性能。The
吸收芯42是如上所述超吸收材料叠层制品为了产生纵向可伸展的性能，在吸收芯42上或其部分上切有很多狭缝。图18所示的吸收芯在端区28和30中切有很多狭缝，而在中心区32处没有切狭缝。底片40是一个由Findly AdhesiveCompany of Wau Watosa，Wisconsin制造的被称为Formula #198-388的伸长粘性薄膜。The
图18所述的卫生巾20最好还包括一层毛细管通道纤维层150，厚衬垫包括毛细管纤维的样片152，在下述的例II和III中所述的薄卫生巾中样片纤维152被取消，并且毛细管通道纤维层在中心逐渐聚集形成簇纤维154，卫生巾20进一步包括皱纹BOUNTY(TM)纸巾层156和聚乙烯端防护158。The
图18示出了一个用于该可伸展卫生巾实施例中的优选粘着剂布置，包括六个2cm×2cm(约3/4″×3/4″)正方形粘着剂条44和两个2cm×6.4cm(约3/4″×2.5″)纵向取向的矩形条44，在纵向中心线L的两侧布置一个矩形条。那些正方形布置在卫生巾20的端区28和30中，其中在每个端区各布置一个正方形条，在每个角区27各布置一个，而沿纵向中心线L各布置一个。Figure 18 shows a preferred adhesive arrangement for use in this stretchable sanitary napkin embodiment, comprising six 2cm x 2cm (approximately 3/4" x 3/4") square adhesive strips 44 and two 2cm x 6.4 cm (approximately 3/4" x 2.5") longitudinally oriented
粘着剂条44可以是可伸长的、不可伸长的、或一些条是可伸长的而另一些是不可伸展的。Adhesive strips 44 may be stretchable, non-stretchable, or some strips may be stretchable and others may be non-stretchable.
每个粘着剂条44上可以用分离的防粘衬里或盖条50覆盖住。但是，为了容易制造，这些粘着条最好被一整张的一个防粘衬里薄纸覆盖上，这样使穿用者不需撕下几个小的单个盖条50。可以采用任何市场上可买到的防粘的衬里在一个可取的实施例中，防粘衬里可以由一个包装来代替，这个包装即是一个单个卫生巾的包装，又是一个装使用过的卫生巾的袋子例如在1985年12月3日授予Swanson的美国4556046号专利中所描述的那种包装。Each
毛细管通道纤维最好基本可以卷曲，合适的毛细管通道纤维是从Eastmar Chmical Company购买的牌号为SW194，SW194纤维包括一梳理过的短棉丝，该纤维是一个每吋7.8折缝的填充袋，并有H一形交叉部，其通道宽度为37μm，通道深为48μm，其旦尼尔数为约22dpf，最好使用长15cm，重0.75克的毛细管通道纤维。The capillary channel fiber is preferably substantially crimped. A suitable capillary channel fiber is commercially available from Eastmar Chemical Company under the designation SW194. The SW194 fiber comprises a carded short cotton filament that is a 7.8 fold per inch fill bag and There is an H-shaped intersection, the channel width is 37 μm, the channel depth is 48 μm, and the denier number is about 22 dpf. It is best to use a capillary channel fiber with a length of 15 cm and a weight of 0.75 grams.
在制造过程中，把环锭碾压过的顶片被切成所希望的大小，把一个有5cm×18cm开孔的样板放在顶片的后侧，并用Findley 4031粘着剂按螺旋形喷涂。(见图18A)During manufacture, the ring-rolled topsheet is cut to the desired size, a template with a 5cm x 18cm opening is placed on the backside of the topsheet and sprayed in spirals with Findley 4031 adhesive. (See Figure 18A)
用手工把毛细管通道纤维SW194层压在粘着剂喷射区域的中心上，并使这些纤维的方向平行于顶片的长轴，最好是把毛细管通道纤维至少部分地覆盖住顶片的至少一些孔。还可以使这些毛细管通道纤维至少部分地伸入到顶片的孔中。Capillary channel fibers SW194 are laminated on the center of the adhesive spray area by hand, and the direction of these fibers is parallel to the long axis of the topsheet, preferably the capillary channel fibers at least partially cover at least some holes of the topsheet . It is also possible for these capillary channel fibers to extend at least partially into the apertures of the topsheet.
用手工把毛细管通道SW173在毛细管通道纤维的中心上压成一个样品(其纤维的方向平行于吸收物品的长轴)，这样就实现了顶片和毛细管通道纤维的预装配。Pre-assembly of the topsheet and capillary channel fibers was accomplished by manually pressing the capillary channel SW173 into a sample (with fibers oriented parallel to the long axis of the absorbent article) in the center of the capillary channel fibers.
为方便起见，用一个凹成型模完成这个程序的其余的步骤，这种Findley粘着底片(带有粘着剂层和防粘纸的聚乙烯底片)放在模中，这个开有狭缝的超吸收剂(或吸收的胶化材料，或“ATM”)叠层芯放在整个底片上，而把绉纹纸(BOUNTY)布置在该AGM吸收芯上，把上面制备的预装件放在绉纹纸上，如图18所示。通过用预装配件覆盖绉纹纸，把吸收物品的这些部件恰好控制到能覆盖在模具边缘但又不那么拉得很紧，以防止这些部件出现开始从模具中拉出的倾向，用粘结剂把该边缘同底片粘接，同时进行加压。For convenience, a female forming mold is used for the remainder of the procedure. The Findley adhesive backsheet (polyethylene backsheet with an adhesive layer and release paper) is placed in the mold. The slitted superabsorbent (or absorbent gelling material, or "ATM") laminate core is placed on the entire backsheet, and the crepe paper (BOUNTY) is placed on the AGM absorbent core, and the prepack prepared above is placed on the crepe On paper, as shown in Figure 18. By covering the crepe paper with pre-assembled parts, control these parts of the absorbent article just enough to cover the edge of the mold but not so tight that they have a tendency to start pulling out of the mould, using adhesive An agent bonds the edge to the backsheet while applying pressure.
将该物品从模具中移出，并用辗压机把端部压到适当位置，从底片的背后除去防粘的纸，加上端部防护的聚乙烯窄条，把固定内裤的粘着剂窄条布置在该吸收物品上。用从Lonza，Inc，Willia sport，PA可买到的0.01克PEGOSPERSE表面活性剂喷涂顶片的外表面。The article is removed from the mold and the ends are pressed into place with a roller, the release paper is removed from the back of the backsheet, a polyethylene strip for end protection is added, and the panty-holding adhesive strip is placed on on the absorbent article. Spray the outer surface of the topsheet with 0.01 grams of PEGOSPERSE surfactant available from Lonza, Inc, Willia sport, PA.
成品的按术条件如下：The conditions of the finished product are as follows:
参 量 技术条件衬垫重(克) 9.82±0.12叠层芯本身的重量(克) 2.57±0.04衬垫长度(毫米) 226±1芯 长 197±1中心部分衬垫宽(毫米) 81±2中心部分芯宽(毫米) 70±0衬垫厚度(在9克/cm2下，毫米) 15.5±0.51芯厚度(在9克/cm2下，毫米) 1.47±0.076密封长度(毫米) 8±1Parameters Technical Conditions Pad weight (g) 9.82±0.12 Weight of laminated core itself (g) 2.57±0.04 Pad length (mm) 226±1 Core length 197±1 Center pad width (mm) 81±2 Center Partial core width (mm) 70±0 Liner thickness (at 9 g/cm2 , mm) 15.5±0.51 Core thickness (at 9 g/cm2 , mm) 1.47±0.076 Seal length (mm) 8±1
部 件 技术条件聚乙烯环锭碾压成形膜顶片 大约23cm×13cm(按美国专利4463045)毛细管通道纤维SW194(Eastman) 1.5g毛细管通道纤维SW173(Eastman) 0.5gFindley可伸长粘着膜底片 23cm×13cm(Formula #198-338)绉纹BOUNTY纸巾 成形的*固定内裤粘着层 6个1.9cm×1.9cm的长方条Component Specifications Polyethylene Ring Roll Formed Membrane Topsheet approx. 23cm x 13cm (according to US Patent 4463045) Capillary Channel Fiber SW194 (Eastman) 1.5g Capillary Channel Fiber SW173 (Eastman) 0.5g Findley Extensible Adhesive Film Backsheet 23cm x 13cm (Formula #198-338) Crepe BOUNTY Tissue Formed* Fixed
和2个1.9cm×6.4cm长条防粘 纸 根据需要表面活性剂(PEGOSPERSE) 0.01克用于端部的白色聚酯织物 10cm×1.9cm切有狭缝的吸收凝胶材料(AGM)芯 70mm×193mm未切有狭缝的中心区；芯总重2.6g 具有2-1.9cm未开狭含0.7克聚丙烯酸酯AGM 缝中心区域Findley粘着剂-4031 0.05gand 2 1.9cm x 6.4cm strips of release paper as needed Surfactant (PEGOSPERSE) 0.01g White polyester fabric for ends 10cm x 1.9cm slit-cut Absorbent Gel Material (AGM) core mm 70 x 193mm unslit center area; total core weight 2.6g with 2-1.9cm unslit 0.7g polyacrylate AGM slotted center area Findley Adhesive-4031 0.05g
*参考图18(38)形状，这个形状是为提供解剖学构造上的合体而设计的。*Refer to Figure 18 (38) shape, this shape is designed to provide anatomical fit.
例II 薄衬垫Example II Thin Pad
参照图18，除了用CCF SW173纤维代替CCF SW194纤维层150和没有用纤维碎片152之外，薄吸衬垫的装配和厚衬垫相同。Referring to Figure 18, except that the CCF
该产品的装配如下，将毛细管通道纤维CCF SW173，切成18cm长，采用0.75克纤维，把环锭碾压的顶片切到尺寸，把垫片放在上片底面一侧并涂敷Findley 4031粘着剂(螺旋形)。用手压在胶化区域中心CCF SW173纤维，使纤维基本上平行于顶片长轴方向。把Findley底片铺在展开的平面上，把AGM叠层吸收芯放在Findley底片上，使皱纹BOUNTY纸(形状类似于顶片)在叠层吸收芯上对中。使顶片/毛细管通道纤维预装配件在皱纹纸上对中。固定预装配件，并使所有边缘光滑。碾压边缘使其密封。从衬垫背面撕开防粘纸，在2条或3条上撕破并除去这些纸，然后把聚酯纤维放在吸收物品端部，在衬垫上配置内裤扣件(PFA)，用0.01g PEGOSPERSE表面活性剂喷涂顶片。 完成的产品的技术条件如下：参 量 技术条件衬垫重(g) 8.50±0.18叠层芯重(g) 2.54±0.09衬垫长(mm) 232±4叠层芯长(mm) 201±1中心处衬垫宽(mm) 85±1中心处芯宽(mm) 65±1衬垫厚度(9克/cm2下，毫米) 5.36±0.13芯厚度(9克/cm2下，毫米) 1.88±0.76部 件 技术条件聚乙烯成形的薄膜顶片 23cm×13cm(环锭碾压，按美国专利4463945)毛细管通道纤维SW173(Eastman) 0.75g重The product was assembled as follows, capillary channel fiber CCF SW173, cut to 18 cm length, using 0.75 grams of fiber, ring rolled top piece cut to size, spacers placed on the bottom side of the top piece and coated with Findley 4031 Adhesive (spiral). Press the CCF SW173 fibers in the center of the gelled area by hand so that the fibers are substantially parallel to the long axis of the topsheet. Lay the Findley backsheet on a flat surface and place the AGM laminate absorbent core on the Findley backsheet so that the creped BOUNTY paper (shaped like the topsheet) is centered on the laminate absorbent core. Center the topsheet/capillary channel fiber pre-assembly on the crepe paper. Secure pre-assembled fittings and smooth all edges. Roll the edges to seal. Tear off the release paper from the back of the liner, tear and remove the paper on 2 or 3 strips, then put the polyester fiber at the end of the absorbent article, configure the panty fastener (PFA) on the liner, use 0.01 g PEGOSPERSE Surfactant Spray Topsheet. The technical conditions of the finished product are as follows: Parameter Technical Conditions Pad Weight (g) 8.50±0.18 Laminated Core Weight (g) 2.54±0.09 Pad Length (mm) 232±4 Laminated Core Length (mm) 201±1 Center Pad width at center (mm) 85±1 Core width at center (mm) 65±1 Pad thickness (9 g/cm2 , mm) 5.36±0.13 Core thickness (9 g/cm2 , mm) 1.88± 0.76 Part Specifications Polyethylene formed film topsheet 23cm x 13cm (ring rolled, according to US Patent 4463945) capillary channel fiber SW173 (Eastman) 0.75g weight
18cm长Findley可伸展粘着膜底片 ～23cm×13cm(Formula #198-338)绉纹BOUNTY纸巾 成形的*PFA(固定内裤的粘着层) 6个1.9cm×1.9cm的方条18cm long Findley can stretch the sticky membrane champion ～ 23cm × 13cm (Formula#198-338) 绉 绉 绉 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ((sticky layer of fixed underwear) 6 1.9cm × 1.9cm square bars
和2个1.9cm×6.4cm长条防粘纸 按需要PEGOSPERSE 0.01g用于端部的白色聚酯织物 10cm×1.9cm中心区未切狭缝的AGM芯， 65mm×193mm芯的总重量2.5g，含0.7gAGM 具有2-3/4″未切狭缝的中心Findley 4031(粘着剂) 0.05gAnd 2 1.9cm × 6.4cm long -bar anti -stick paper. PEGOSPERSE 0.01g is needed for white polyester fabrics at the end of the end. , with 0.7g AGM Center Findley 4031 (adhesive) with 2-3/4" uncut slit 0.05g
*如例I*Example I
如上所述，在这种可伸展的卫生巾20的一个优选的样式中，毛细管纤维层150的中心部分可以聚皱拢成一个小“环路”或纤维“簇”154，“环路”或“簇”154由毛细管通道纤维层向上伸展而紧密地与上片38接触，而且环路或簇154位于整个吸收物品的中心附近，这样它可以快速收集流体，再将流体转移到毛细管通道纤维层的其余部分，并从那里流入吸收物品的流体诸存层。As mentioned above, in a preferred form of the extensible
这种“环路”或簇的优点在于不仅使毛细管通道纤维集中到流体冲击吸收物品的地点，而且还使构成环路或簇的毛细管通道纤维的取向基本上沿Z方向，这样就使流体沿该物品Z方向的向下流动获得加强。下面举例说明具有一个基本上位于中心的毛细管通道Z方向纤维簇的吸收物品。The advantage of such "loops" or clusters is not only to concentrate the capillary channel fibers at the point where the fluid impacts the absorbent article, but also to orient the capillary channel fibers forming the loops or clusters substantially in the Z direction, thus allowing the fluid to flow along the z-direction. The item's downward flow in the Z direction is enhanced. An absorbent article having a Z-direction fiber tuft with a substantially centrally located capillary channel is illustrated below.
例III、带有纤维中心簇的衬垫Example III. Pad with central cluster of fibers
使这里所述的毛细管通道纤维层(15cm长)皱拢在其中心而形成一个具有下列尺寸的稍微隆起的椭园形纤维族：按最宽点计算的沿X方向(纵向)约5-7.6cm；按最宽点计算的沿Y方向(横向)约3.8cm；沿Z方向5mm-10mm。The capillary channel fiber layer (15 cm long) described herein is gathered at its center to form a slightly raised elliptical fiber cluster having the following dimensions: about 5-7.6 mm along the X direction (longitudinal direction) at the widest point. cm; calculated at the widest point along the Y direction (horizontal direction) about 3.8cm; along the Z direction 5mm-10mm.
可用任何适宜的方法保持住纤维簇的形状，通常是使纤维簇穿过一个在纸张或亲水的聚合物片上的限定狭缝。采用在此描述的步骤，使纤维簇配置在吸收物品中，并使该纤维簇位于表顶片的中心位置和紧密同顶片接触(如上面所述)。The shape of the fiber tufts may be maintained by any suitable means, usually by passing the fiber tufts through a defined slit in a paper or hydrophilic polymer sheet. Using the procedure described herein, the fiber tufts are disposed in the absorbent article so that the fiber tufts are centrally located on the topsheet and in intimate contact with the topsheet (as described above).
在用作卫生巾时，可以把吸收物品的形状制成例如内唇形，以便通过纤维簇最大限度地吸收流体。在一种可供选择的式样中，是将纤维簇中弯成环形的纤维端部切去而形成一束沿Z方向簇绒状的开口毛细管通道纤维。在另一个实施例中，是把构成纤维簇底部的毛细管通道纤维层全部或部分地定位在该吸收物品上的经湿法成网或干法成网的吸收物品的吸收芯里，而不是在吸收芯的顶上，在后一实施例中，可以采用市售的由两个外织物层和一个夹在中间的吸收的凝胶材料(AGM)构成的叠层吸收芯。可以使位于纤维簇底部的毛细管通道滑到包含有AGM的层状物的内部。When used as a sanitary napkin, the absorbent article may be shaped, eg, with an inner lip, to maximize fluid absorption through the fiber tufts. In an alternative form, the looped fiber ends of the fiber tuft are cut off to form a bundle of open capillary channel fibers tufted in the z-direction. In another embodiment, the capillary channel fibrous layer forming the bottom of the tufts is located wholly or partially in the absorbent core of the absorbent article through wet-laid or dry-laid on the absorbent article, rather than in the absorbent core. On top of the absorbent core, in the latter embodiment, a commercially available laminated absorbent core consisting of two outer fabric layers and an absorbent gelling material (AGM) sandwiched between them may be used. The capillary channels at the bottom of the fiber tufts can be slid into the interior of the layer containing the AGM.
例IV、超薄衬垫Example IV, ultra-thin liner
参照图18，超薄衬垫的装配，除了不使用毛细管通道纤维的碎片外，其余都相同。Referring to Figure 18, the assembly of the ultrathin liner is identical except that fragments of capillary channel fibers are not used.
这种产品的装配件如下，把环锭碾压过的顶片切到一定尺寸，将模板放在该顶片的底下并涂敷Findley 4031粘着剂(螺旋形)，把Findley底片铺在展开的面上，把切有狭缝的AGM叠层芯放在Findley底片上，使绉纹BOUNTY纸(其形状类似于顶片)同叠层芯对中，把顶片放在绉纹纸上面，将这些部件固定，同时把边缘弄光滑。碾压这些边缘使其密封，从衬垫的背面揭开防粘纸，撕掉并除去2或3条，然后把聚酯纤维织物放在物品的端部，在这个衬垫上配置固定内裤扣件(PFA)。以0.01g PEGOSPRSE表面活性剂喷涂顶片。The assembly of this product is as follows, the ring rolled top sheet is cut to size, the template is placed under the top sheet and the Findley 4031 adhesive (spiral) is applied, the Findley back sheet is spread on the unfolded On the top, place the slit-cut AGM laminate core on the Findley backsheet, center the crepe BOUNTY paper (which is shaped like the topsheet) with the laminate core, place the topsheet on top of the crepe paper, and place the The parts are fixed while smoothing the edges. Roll these edges to seal, peel off the release paper from the back of the liner, tear off and remove 2 or 3 strips, then place the polyester fabric on the end of the item, and on this liner configure the fastening panty buttons piece (PFA). The topsheet was sprayed with 0.01 g PEGOSPRSE surfactant.
成品的技术条件如下The technical conditions of the finished product are as follows
参 量 技术条件衬垫重(g) 8.5±0.18叠层芯重量(g) 2.54±0.09衬垫长度(mm) 232±4叠层芯长度(mm) 201±1衬垫中心宽度(mm) 85±1芯的中心宽度(mm) 65±1衬垫厚度(mm，在9克/cm2压强下) 2.79±0.25芯厚度(mm，在9克/cm2压强下) 1.88±0.076Parameter Technical Conditions Pad Weight (g) 8.5±0.18 Laminated Core Weight (g) 2.54±0.09 Pad Length (mm) 232±4 Laminated Core Length (mm) 201±1 Pad Center Width (mm) 85± Center width of 1 core (mm) 65±1 liner thickness (mm, under 9 g/cm2 pressure) 2.79±0.25 core thickness (mm, under 9 g/cm2 pressure) 1.88±0.076
部 件 技术条件聚乙烯成形薄膜顶片 23cm×13cm(按美国专利4463045进行环锭碾压的)Findley可伸展粘着薄膜底片 ～23cm×13cm(FOR #198-338)绉纹(BOUNTY)纸巾 成型的*PFA(内裤扣件粘着条) 6个1.9cm×1.9cm方条Part of the technical condition of polyethylene polyethylene film top tablets 23cm × 13cm (carrier crushed by the US Patent 4463045) Findley can stretch and stick to the thin film negatives ～ 23cm × 13cm (for#198-338) paper towel forming *PFA (Underwear Fastener Adhesive Strips) 6 pieces of 1.9cm×1.9cm square strips
和2个1.9cm×6.4cm长条防粘纸 按需要PEGOSPERSE 0.01g用于两端的白色聚酯织物 10cm×1.9cm中心区没有切狭缝的AGM；芯； 65mm×195mm芯的总重量为2.5g，含0.7g AGM 中心区未切有2-1.9cm狭缝Findley 4031(粘着剂) 0.05gAnd 2 1.9cm × 6.4cm long -bar anti -stick paper. PEGOSPERSE 0.01g is used for white polyester fabrics at both ends. g, containing 0.7g AGM 2-1.9cm uncut slit in the center Findley 4031 (adhesive) 0.05g
*如例I所述*As described in Example I
4.可供选择的实施例4. Alternative embodiments
在一些可供选择的实施例中，可以通过采用折叠、弯曲、皱折、各层重叠并固定起来的方法来改变卫生巾的各个区域的组成部件的结构，可以采用包括在上述的Buell提交的公开欧洲专利申请，上述由Visscher等人提交的美国专利申请和由Osborn于1992年4月28日提交的名称为“通常薄的柔软卫生巾”的美国专利申请No.07/874872中所描述的一种或多种结构来完成这些改型。In some alternative embodiments, the structure of the component parts of the various regions of the sanitary napkin can be changed by folding, bending, creasing, overlapping and fixing the layers, including the above-mentioned Buell submission. Published European Patent Applications, the aforementioned U.S. Patent Application by Visscher et al. and U.S. Patent Application No. 07/874872, filed April 28, 1992 by Osborn entitled "Generally Thin Soft Sanitary Napkins" One or more structures to accomplish these modifications.
在另一些可供选择的实施例中，还可以在卫生巾上提供一些附加的组成部件，例如可以在卫生巾上提供授权给Osborn的美国专利5009653中详细描述的用湿法成网的类似薄棉纸和/或可透过液体的海棉状收集层。In other alternative embodiments, additional components may be provided on the sanitary napkin, such as a wet-laid similar sheet as described in detail in U.S. Patent No. 5,009,653 to Osborn. Tissue paper and/or liquid-permeable sponge-like collection layer.
在另一些可供选择的实施例中，可以把卫生巾制成弯曲的形状。In other alternative embodiments, the sanitary napkin may be formed into a curved shape.
虽然本发明的典型的卫生巾在拉伸时其各组成部件能一起伸长到足够的程度而卫生巾的形状却不发生弯曲，但是在另一些实施例中，当卫生巾的各组成部件拉伸时卫生巾的形状可以产生弯曲。Although the typical sanitary napkins of the present invention can stretch together to a sufficient extent when the various components of the sanitary napkin are stretched without bending the shape of the sanitary napkin, in other embodiments, when the various components of the sanitary napkin are stretched The shape of the sanitary napkin can bend when stretched.
虽然已经描述了一些卫生巾的可取的实施例，但是对于在文献中描述的大量不同的卫生巾实施例，利用本发明的方案可以赋予这些卫生巾伸展的性能。这些卫生巾中的一部分分别公开在下列美国专利申请中：由Visscher等人于1990年12月29日提交的No.07/605583专利申请，分别于1991年4月23日和1990年8月21日授权给Osborn的美国专利5009653和4950264号，于1990年7月10日授权给Salerno的美国专利4940262号，于1990年4月17日授权给Osborn，III等人的美国专利4917697，于1990年3月27日授权给Mavinkurve的美国专利4911701；于1990年2月13日授权给McCoy的美国专利4900320；于1987年8月18日授权给Van Tilburg的美国专利4687478；于1986年8月26日授权给Mattingly的美国专利4608047；于1986年5月20日授权给Van Tilburg的美国专利4589876；于1981年8月25日授权给McNair的美国专利4285343；于1968年8月20日授权给Rickarb的美国专利3397697；以及1957年4月2日授权给Clark的美国专利2787241。While some preferred embodiments of sanitary napkins have been described, stretchability can be imparted to these sanitary napkins using the inventive arrangements for the large variety of sanitary napkin embodiments described in the literature. Some of these sanitary napkins are disclosed in the following U.S. patent applications: Patent Application No. 07/605,583 filed December 29, 1990 by Visscher et al. U.S. Patent Nos. 5,009,653 and 4,950,264 to Osborn on July 10, 1990, U.S. Patent No. 4,940,262 to Salerno on July 10, 1990, and U.S. Patent 4,917,697 to Osborn, III et al. on April 17, 1990, in 1990 US Patent 4,911,701 issued March 27 to Mavinkurve; US Patent 4,900,320 issued February 13, 1990 to McCoy; US Patent 4,687,478 issued August 18, 1987 to Van Tilburg; US Patent 4,608,047 issued to Mattingly; US Patent 4,589,876 issued to Van Tilburg on May 20, 1986; US Patent 4,285,343 issued to McNair on August 25, 1981; US Patent issued to Rickarb on August 20, 1968 US Patent 3,397,697; and US Patent 2,787,241, issued April 2, 1957 to Clark.
“短内裤的衬里”是指一些体积没有妇女在月经期间使用的卫生巾那样大的吸收物品。在1988年4月19日授权给Osborn的名称为“短内裤衬里”的美国专利4738676中描述了一些制成短内裤衬里形式的合身的吸收物品。"Panty liners" refer to absorbent articles that are not as bulky as sanitary napkins used by women during menstruation. Form-fitting absorbent articles in the form of panty liners are described in US Patent 4,738,676, issued April 19, 1988 to Osborn, entitled "Panty Liners".
“失禁的人用的物品”是指垫子、内衣(借助于同类系固手段例如带子等固定到人体适当部位的垫子)、用于吸收物品的成品衬垫、用于使吸收物品增加强度的辅助用品、三角裤衩日床垫等，它们可以供成年人或失禁的人穿用。具有可伸展组成部件的适合失禁的人使用的物品公开在下列美国专利中：1981年3月3日授权给Strickland等人的美国专利4253461；授权给Buell的美国专利4597760和4597761；上面已经提到的美国专利4704115；授权给Ahr等人的美国专利4909802；授权给Gipson等人(1990年10月23日)的美国专利4964860；以及分别由Noel等人和Feist等人于1991年1月3日提交的美国专利申请07/637090和07/637571。"Articles for incontinent persons" means pads, undergarments (pads secured to appropriate parts of the body by means of similar fastening means such as straps, etc.), finished liners for absorbent articles, auxiliary materials for adding strength to absorbent articles Supplies, brief day mattresses, etc., which can be worn by adults or incontinent people. Articles suitable for use by incontinent persons having extensible components are disclosed in the following U.S. patents: U.S. Patent 4,253,461 issued March 3, 1981 to Strickland et al.; U.S. Patents 4,597,760 and 4,597,761 issued to Buell; US Pat. Filed US patent applications 07/637090 and 07/637571.
尽管本发明的焦点是集中在使用者穿的内裤叉区上的吸收物品上，但是本发明的特点也可以赋予例如尿布这类物品，尿布是婴儿或失禁的人穿用并系固在穿戴者腰部周围的吸收物品。Although the focus of the present invention is on the absorbent article on the crotch area of the panties worn by the user, the features of the present invention can also be imparted to articles such as diapers, which are worn by infants or incontinent people and fastened to the wearer. Absorbent article around the waist.
具有可伸长性能的合身的尿布在下列两篇美国专利中有描述：1975年1月14日授权给Buell的美国专利3860003和1991年6月13日Buell等人提交的美国专利申请07/715152。Form-fitting diapers with extensibility are described in the following two U.S. Patents: U.S. Patent 3,860,003 issued to Buell on January 14, 1975 and U.S. Patent Application 07/715,152 filed June 13, 1991 by Buell et al. .
虽然所有这些专利和专利申请(以及上面引证的专利及其相关的外国专利申请)的说明书和上面提交的出版物都在本申请中作为参考文件引用，但是，显然不能认为作为参考引证的这些文件提示了或公开了本发明，也不能认为在商业上可以购买到的已描述的材料或产品提示或公开了本发明。While the specifications and publications of all of these patents and patent applications (as well as the above-cited patents and their related foreign patent applications) are incorporated by reference in this application, it is expressly not to be considered that these documents cited by reference Neither does any commercially available material or product described teach or disclose the invention, nor should it be deemed to suggest or disclose the invention.
5.试验方法5. Test method
卫生巾或其它吸收物品的伸展性测量是在No.559A型EME拉伸试验机上完成的，该试验机是一种恒拉伸速率的拉伸试验装置，它可以从EME公司(P.O.Box 187 Newbury，OH 44065)购买。Extensibility measurements of sanitary napkins or other absorbent articles are performed on an EME Tensile Tester, Model No. 559A, a constant rate of extension tensile testing apparatus, available from EME, Inc. (P.O. Box 187 Newbury , OH 44065) to buy.
EME拉伸试验机配有计算机，它能提供距离和作用在样品上力的液晶显示，该距离为夹头端部离参考的回复位置的距离，力是在夹头端参考恢复位置各个距离作用在样品上的力。The EME tensile testing machine is equipped with a computer, which can provide a liquid crystal display of the distance and the force acting on the sample. The distance is the distance from the end of the chuck to the reference return position, and the force is applied at each distance of the reference recovery position at the end of the chuck. force on the sample.
所有的试验是在50％湿度和摄氏23度下进行的，在试验前要仔细保管试样，防止发生任何拉伸，对于每批试验应该分别从5个同类产品中取出的试样重复进行试验。如果任何样品的试验数据处在本申请所要求的保护范围之内或极限值之内则这个产品将被认为在本发明的权利要求的保护范围之内。All tests are carried out at 50% humidity and 23 degrees Celsius. Before the test, the samples should be carefully kept to prevent any stretching. For each batch of tests, samples taken from 5 similar products should be repeated for the test. . If the test data of any sample is within the protection range or limit value required by the application, then this product will be considered to be within the protection range of the claims of the present invention.
A.测量2.54cm(1英寸)中心材料条的拉伸率的方法。A. Method for measuring the elongation of a 2.54 cm (1 inch) center strip of material.
步骤1step 1
供测量纵向延伸率的样品Samples for measuring longitudinal elongation
用从Thwing Albert，Philadelphia，PA购买的#1-12型JDC精密样品切割器，从吸收物品的中心部位切下2.54cm(1.0英寸)宽的材料条，供本方法中用的样品材料条应该沿吸收物品的纵向中心线切割；材料条的长度应达到被切取该试样的那个吸收物品段的全长。Using a#1-12 JDC Precision Sample Cutter purchased from Thwing Albert, Philadelphia, PA, cut a 2.54 cm (1.0 inch) wide strip of material from the center of the absorbent article, the strip of sample material used in this method should Cut along the longitudinal centerline of the absorbent article; the length of the strip of material shall be the full length of the section of the absorbent article from which the sample is cut.
用于测量横向伸长率的样品Samples for measuring transverse elongation
利用JDC样品切割器从沿平行于该吸收物品的横向中心线的位置上切取一1.0吋宽的材料条。用作测量横向伸长率的样品的材料条可以是从沿该吸收物品的任一条平行于横向中心线上切下的一吋宽的部分切下的。样品不必通过横向中心线。A 1.0 inch wide strip of material is cut from a position parallel to the transverse centerline of the absorbent article using a JDC sample cutter. Strips of material used as samples for measuring transverse elongation may be cut from a one inch wide section cut along any one of the absorbent articles parallel to the transverse centerline. The sample does not have to pass through the transverse centerline.
当然，在切取样品时应该切断吸收物品的那部分，从而使整个这一吋宽的样品至少包括该吸收物品的吸收部件之一。(“吸收部件”将在以下限定。)因此，该样品不应该从靠近吸收物品的一个横向边缘的位置上切取，因为这个部位的样品含有端部密封处的吸收物品。Of course, that portion of the absorbent article should be severed when cutting the sample such that the entire inch-wide sample includes at least one of the absorbent components of the absorbent article. ("Absorbent component" will be defined below.) Therefore, the sample should not be cut from a location near one of the lateral edges of the absorbent article, since samples at this location contain the absorbent article at the end seals.
用于测量纵向和横向伸长率的样品Samples for measurement of longitudinal and transverse elongation
用于测量纵向伸长率的样品应该切自第一样品吸收物品。用于测量横向伸长率的样品应该自与第一种样品同样类型第二样品吸收物品(即一种相同的产品)。(虽然从产品上切取的样品是供测量沿某一方向伸长率的，但是这个样品也同样可以用作这里所述的任何试验)。Samples for measuring MD elongation should be cut from the first sample absorbent article. The sample used to measure transverse elongation should be from a second sample absorbent article of the same type as the first sample (ie, an identical product). (Although a sample was cut from the product for elongation in one direction, this sample could equally be used for any of the tests described here).
步骤2
从样品上取下全部粘性覆盖条。如果样品带有粘着剂扣件，可以通过用滑石粉或玉米淀粉来涂敷粘接扣件，以便去掉所有粘接剂的痕迹。Remove all adhesive cover strips from the sample. If the sample has an adhesive fastener, remove all traces of the adhesive by coating the adhesive fastener with talcum powder or cornstarch.
步骤3step 3
将该样品不加约束地铺在一个平台上，使样品朝向身体的那侧朝上，测量样品长度，精确到0.25cm(0.1吋)Lay the sample free on a platform with the body side of the sample facing up and measure the length of the sample to the nearest 0.25 cm (0.1 inch)
对于本申请权利要求书来说，是指样品长度沿垂直于1吋宽度方向的样品尺寸。样品的长度可以通过测量样品吸收部件的长度来获得。(这样可以与通过直接测量样品的全长所确定样品的长度相比较)。For the purposes of the claims of this application, it refers to the sample size along the length of the sample perpendicular to the width of 1 inch. The length of the sample can be obtained by measuring the length of the absorbent member of the sample. (This allows comparison with the length of the sample determined by directly measuring the full length of the sample).
样品长度等于样品最长吸收部件的长度。如果样品被折叠或弯曲(例如在从一包装中取出的过程中)，在测量这个吸收部件的长度之前就要将样品的端部展平。通过将一把尺子放在样品上表面上，并且缓缓地向下压覆盖样品端部的尺子，直到端部朝向内衣侧的表面贴着平台面展平为止，这样就完成了展平样品的步骤。The sample length is equal to the length of the longest absorbent member of the sample. If the sample is folded or bent (for example during removal from a package), the ends of the sample are flattened before measuring the length of the absorbent member. Flattening the sample is accomplished by placing a ruler on the upper surface of the sample and gently pressing down on the ruler covering the end of the sample until the surface of the end facing the undergarment side is flattened against the platform surface. step.
“吸收部件”在此通常指的是用作产品的主要吸收部件，例如该产品的吸收芯，还可以包括一些已经描述过的例如起虹吸或贮存作用的第二顶片。然而，“吸收部件”的含意不包括通常只适合于作吸收物品的顶片和底片的那些部件。"Absorbent member" generally refers here to the primary absorbent member serving as a product, such as the absorbent core of the product, and may also include some of the already described secondary topsheets, for example for wicking or storage functions. However, the meaning of "absorbent component" excludes those components which are normally only suitable as topsheets and backsheets of absorbent articles.
对以上所取的最长的吸收部件长度的测量不应该包括可能位于样品上任何端部密封的外侧或之中的吸收部件的那些部分，因为吸收部件的这些部分一般并不起吸收作用。The longest absorbent member length measurement taken above should not include those portions of the absorbent member that may be outside or within any end seals on the sample, since these portions of the absorbent member are generally not absorbent.
步骤4step 4
在拉伸试验机上用7.6cm(3吋)宽的夹头夹住样品的每个端部。调整拉伸试验机的夹头，使它们沿相反方向彼此被分开(即使它们将沿180度角方向拉开，应使样品在夹头上对中，并使夹头夹紧力大到能防止样品在夹头上发生任何滑动(此点于适用于所有的试验方法)。Each end of the sample is clamped on a tensile testing machine with 7.6 cm (3 inch) wide grips. Adjust the grips of the tensile testing machine so that they are separated from each other in opposite directions (even if they will be pulled apart in a 180° Any slippage of the sample on the grips (this applies to all test methods).
对样品夹紧时应使夹头的最外侧边缘(即其自由端)离最长吸收部件的端部边缘向内大约1.3cm(大约0.5吋)。当确定放置在试验机夹头上的样品最长吸收部件端部边缘位置时，最长的吸收件可能位于样品上端部的密封之内或外侧的那段样品部分不应计入在内。The sample should be clamped so that the outermost edge of the chuck (ie, its free end) is inwardly about 1.3 cm (about 0.5 inch) from the end edge of the longest absorbent member. When determining the position of the end edge of the longest absorbent member of a sample placed in the jaws of the testing machine, that portion of the sample where the longest absorbent member may lie inside or outside the seal at the upper end of the sample shall not be taken into account.
步骤5step 5
将拉伸试验机的测量长度调整比吸收部件的长度(如以上所测量的那样)少一段被夹入每个夹头的吸收部件的那部分长度(一般是2.54cm)的长度，用每秒0.93cm(每秒0.367吋)的十字头速度进行拉伸。Adjust the measuring length of the tensile tester by the length of the portion of the absorbent member clamped in each jaw (typically 2.54 cm) less than the length of the absorbent member (as measured above), in seconds Stretching was performed at a crosshead speed of 0.93 cm (0.367 inches per second).
当样品达到测量长度时，将试验装置的测力计调到零位。设定起动点开始在20克力作用F采集数据。(利用这个常用的20克初始力至少拉平可能存在于样品中的某些松驰部分。When the sample reaches the measuring length, adjust the dynamometer of the test device to zero. Set the start point to start collecting data at 20 grams of force F. (Use this common initial force of 20 grams to even out at least some slack that may be present in the sample.
按所要求的次数进行力和伸长率测量，并完成试验。样品的初始长度是最长的吸收部件伸长度。对于本申请的权利要求书所说的那个力就是跟在以上程序后面在试验机上读出的有效的力值。Make force and elongation measurements as many times as required and complete the test. The initial length of the sample is the longest absorbent member elongation. The force mentioned in the claims of the present application is the effective force value read on the testing machine following the above procedure.
为了使吸收物的纵向侧边缘的任何弹性线对试验结果的影响减小至最低限度，采用了切取该2.54cm吋宽的材料条。(本发明的吸收物品最好没有这样的弹性元件。然而也可以加上任选的弹性条)。In order to minimize the effect of any elastic lines on the longitudinal side edges of the absorbent article on the test results, the 2.54 cm wide strip of material was cut. (The absorbent article of the present invention preferably has no such elastic elements. However, optional elastic strips can also be added).
在根据本试验进行测量时，1.0吋的吸收物品材料条在承受小于或等于大约20，50，100，150，200，300，400，或500克力时，它在纵向的伸长最好能大于或等于其初始长度的105％、110％、115％、120％、125％或更大。该2.54cm的吸收物品材料条在承受同样大小的力时在横向最好也能伸长。该材料条在这些力的作用下最大伸长率最高可达110％、120％、130％、140％、150％、160％、170％、180％、190％、200％或更大。在本说明书中所指定的范围可以按本申请的权利要求书中的任何方式来进行组合。When measured in accordance with this test, a 1.0 inch strip of absorbent article material will preferably elongate in the machine direction when subjected to a force of less than or equal to about 20, 50, 100, 150, 200, 300, 400, or 500 grams. Greater than or equal to 105%, 110%, 115%, 120%, 125% or greater of its original length. The 2.54 cm strip of absorbent article material is also preferably stretchable in the transverse direction when subjected to the same amount of force. The maximum elongation of the material strip under the action of these forces can be up to 110%, 120%, 130%, 140%, 150%, 160%, 170%, 180%, 190%, 200% or more. The ranges specified in this specification can be combined in any manner in the claims of this application.
对吸收物品的纵向和横向伸长的测量可以按照测量2.54cm吋材料条的纵向和横向伸长的方法进行。在这种情况下，最好使吸收物品的伸长量能在前面各节中所规定的数值上。The longitudinal and transverse stretches of absorbent articles can be measured by measuring the longitudinal and transverse stretches of 2.54 cm-inch strips of material. In this case, it is preferred that the absorbent article elongate within the values specified in the preceding paragraphs.
尽管吸收物品可以具有任意的长度，但是对于用在内衣里的吸收物品具有一个最长的吸收部件，例如可取的是具有初始长度小于或等于大约30.5cm的吸收芯。吸收物品的吸收部件的宽度可取的是小于或等于大约7.6cm，小于或等于大约6.35cm为更好。(另一方面，尿布吸收芯的长度通常大于30.5cm，宽大于7.6cm。)此外，在某些实施例中，吸收物品的厚度可以小于或等于大约5mm的。Although the absorbent article can be of any length, for absorbent articles used in undergarments to have a longest absorbent member, for example, it is desirable to have an absorbent core having an initial length of less than or equal to about 30.5 cm. The width of the absorbent member of the absorbent article is preferably less than or equal to about 7.6 cm, more preferably less than or equal to about 6.35 cm. (On the other hand, diaper absorbent cores typically have a length greater than 30.5 cm and a width greater than 7.6 cm.) Furthermore, in certain embodiments, the thickness of the absorbent article may be less than or equal to about 5 mm.
吸收物品最好是具有一个为了使该材料条伸长达到其初始长度或以上所限定的其他长度之一时的160％、150％、140％、130％以上所需要的力能大于或等于1000克的力的力壁垒。The absorbent article preferably has a force capacity greater than or equal to 1000 grams required to elongate the strip of material to more than 160%, 150%, 140%, 130% of its original length or one of the other lengths defined above The force of the force barrier.
吸收物品最好还是可弹性伸长的或可永久性变形的，以便当材料条伸长到以上长度之一时，它能够在拉伸力除去后恢复到一个小于或等于它的伸长长度的尺寸。The absorbent article is also preferably elastically extensible or permanently deformable so that when the strip of material is elongated to one of the above lengths, it returns to a dimension less than or equal to its elongated length after the stretching force is removed .
B.测量吸收物品伸长率的方法B. Method for Measuring Elongation of Absorbent Articles
用于这一试验的样品是整个吸收物品，这一试验只是用来测量吸收物品的纵向伸长率。横向伸长率是根据前面的试验方法测量的。The sample used for this test is the entire absorbent article, and this test is only used to measure the longitudinal elongation of the absorbent article. The transverse elongation is measured according to the previous test method.
在这个试验中用作样品的整个吸收物品应该按以上步骤(2)-(5)来进行测试，当进行步骤3时应参考以下补充说明。Whole absorbent articles used as samples in this test should be tested in accordance with steps (2)-(5) above, referring to the following supplementary instructions when performing step 3.
如果样品不能方便地展平(例如存在收缩的弹性)最长的吸收构件的长度应该在把样品的褶铺开(如果它打褶的话)和使样品保持在它从盒子取出时所具有的弯曲形状的条件下测量，并利用tailors布带测量沿着由吸收物品朝向内衣侧的表面形成的弓形测量最长的吸收元件的长度。If the sample cannot be easily flattened (e.g. there is shrinkage elasticity) the length of the longest absorbent member should be sufficient to spread the pleats of the sample (if it is pleated) and hold the sample in the bend it had when it was removed from the box The shape is measured and the length of the longest absorbent element is measured along the arc formed by the surface of the absorbent article facing the undergarment side using tailors tape.
该吸收物品在它承受到一个小于或等于大约20、50、100、150、200、300、400、500、600、700、800、900、1000g或更大的力时，在纵向(即沿纵向中心线)的伸长最好能大于或等于初始长度的105％、110％、115％、120％、125％、130％、140％、150％、160％、170％、180％、190％、200％、或更大。此处的相对于纵向伸长率的力可能要高于利用前面的试验在2.54cm长条上所测得的力值，这是因为在第二个试验中使用的是整个吸收物品)。The absorbent article in the longitudinal direction (that is, in the longitudinal direction) when it is subjected to a force less than or equal to about Centerline) elongation preferably greater than or equal to 105%, 110%, 115%, 120%, 125%, 130%, 140%, 150%, 160%, 170%, 180%, 190% of the original length , 200%, or greater. The force relative to machine direction elongation here may be higher than the force value measured on the 2.54 cm strip using the previous test because the entire absorbent article was used in the second test).
该吸收物品最好具有一个力壁垒，该力壁垒能使该长条的伸长要超过其初始长度或以上所指定的其他长度之一时的160％、150％、140％、130％所需要的力能大于或等于1200、1500或2000g。The absorbent article preferably has a force barrier capable of extending the strip beyond 160%, 150%, 140%, 130% of its original length or one of the other lengths specified above. Force capacity greater than or equal to 1200, 1500 or 2000g.
C.测定相对于由内衣引起的产品剪切力同伸展量关系的方法C. Method for Determining the Shear vs. Stretch of a Product Relative to Underwear
1.第一个方法一20克触发力1. The first method - 20g trigger force
这个试验所使用的样品是整个吸收物品。The samples used in this test are whole absorbent articles.
将未受过力的该样品铺在一个平台上，使样品朝向身体的那侧朝上。测量该样品的最长吸收部件的长度，精确到0.25cm(0.1吋)。接下去按以上试验方法A和B的步骤(3)的用于测量吸收部件的同样的说明进行试验。然而，这个试验仅涉及测量样品纵向的性能(即平行于纵向中心线的方向)。The unstressed sample is spread on a platform with the body-facing side of the sample facing upwards. Measure the length of the longest absorbent member of the sample to the nearest 0.25 cm (0.1 inch). The test is then carried out in the same manner as in step (3) of Test Methods A and B above for the measurement of the absorbent member. However, this test only involves measuring the properties of the sample in the longitudinal direction (ie, the direction parallel to the longitudinal centerline).
如果样品具有粘接扣件，要从样品上除掉粘着覆盖条，取一条由Test Fabrics，Inc.of Middlesex，MJ，生产的#429W棉织物(标准的3吋宽)在扣件的一端部覆盖住该扣件2.54cm(1.0吋)长。If the sample has an adhesive fastener, to remove the adhesive cover strip from the sample, take a strip of# 429W cotton fabric (standard 3 inch width) produced by Test Fabrics, Inc. of Middlesex, MJ, and place it on one end of the fastener Cover the fastener 2.54 cm (1.0 inch) long.
为了有助于限制大多数粘着扣件的边界，可以把样品放在紫外灯下。通过向粘着扣件的未覆盖部分撒滑石粉或玉米淀粉的办法消除该粘着扣件其余部分上的粘着剂的痕迹。To help limit the boundaries of most adhesive fasteners, the sample can be placed under a UV lamp. Remove traces of adhesive from the remainder of the adhesive fastener by dusting the uncovered portion of the adhesive fastener with talc or cornstarch.
棉织物条应该足够长，以使其自由端(非附着端)伸长至少超过与被该棉织物条覆盖的扣件的2.54cm上部分相邻的样品的端缘(即包括吸收性的和非吸收性的部件的产品实际端缘)至少1.3cm(0.5吋)。The strip of cotton fabric should be long enough so that its free end (non-attached end) extends at least beyond the end edge of the sample adjacent to the upper 2.54 cm portion of the fastener covered by the strip of cotton fabric (i.e. including absorbent and The actual product edge of the non-absorbent component) is at least 1.3 cm (0.5 inches).
将17.6克/cm2的压力均匀地(利用一重物)加到棉织物表面上，持续30秒，以使棉织物与该扣件相贴。对于没有粘性的扣件可以用某种方法把样品附着在棉织物上，通常是把该扣件固定在使用者的内衣上。A pressure of 17.6 g/cm2 was applied evenly (using a weight) to the surface of the cotton fabric for 30 seconds to make the cotton fabric adhere to the fastener. For non-adhesive fasteners, the sample may be attached to the cotton by some means, usually by securing the fastener to the user's underwear.
用7.6cm(3吋)的夹头把同在拉伸试验机上的棉织物条不接触的试样的端部夹住。在夹持样品时，应使该夹头的最外边缘(即自由端)向里距吸收部件的端部大约1.3cm(大约0.5吋)。如果吸收部件的数目多于1个，在夹持样品时应使这些吸收部件全部被这个夹头夹住。即样品自这些吸收部件的端部算起被夹住大约1.27cm。Grip the ends of the specimen that are not in contact with the strip of cotton fabric on the tensile testing machine with 7.6 cm (3 inch) grips. The sample should be held so that the outermost edge (ie, the free end) of the grip is inwardly about 1.3 cm (about 0.5 inch) from the end of the absorbent member. If the number of absorbent components is more than one, all these absorbent components should be clamped by this clamp when clamping the sample. That is, the sample is held about 1.27 cm from the ends of these absorbent members.
将棉织物条的自由端放入另外一个7.6cm的夹头里。棉条的自由端放入这个夹头中时，应使该夹头的自由端只与样品最接近的端缘接触。调整拉伸试机的夹头，使它们将按成180°角的方向拉伸(如在前面的试验机中所做的那样)。这样就传递了用来使扣件与棉织物条彼此分离的剪切力。Place the free end of the cotton fabric strip into another 7.6 cm collet. The free end of the sliver is placed in this grip so that the free end of the grip contacts only the nearest edge of the sample. Adjust the jaws of the tensile testing machine so that they will be stretched at a 180° angle (as done in the previous testing machine). This transfers the shear force used to separate the fastener and the cotton strip from each other.
调整拉伸试验机的测量长度使其比吸收部件的长度短一个吸收部件材料被夹到每一个夹头中的数量(一般是大约1.27cm)。以每秒0.93cm的十字头速度(每秒0.367吋)开始拉伸。当样品达到测量长度时，将试验机的测力计校准到零。设定触发点，开始收集在20克力时的数据。The measuring length of the tensile tester is adjusted to be shorter than the length of the absorbent member by the amount of absorbent member material clamped into each jaw (typically about 1.27 cm). Stretching was initiated at a crosshead speed of 0.93 cm per second (0.367 inches per second). When the sample reaches the measured length, calibrate the force gauge of the testing machine to zero. Set the trigger point and start collecting data at 20 g force.
接所要求的次数采集力和伸长率的测量数据并完成该试验。Take the required number of force and elongation measurements and complete the test.
该吸收物品最好在所受的力增加到下述数值时能伸长到其初始长度的约110％、115％、120％、125％、130％、140％等，这个力达到数值的是：吸收物品受到的力增加到1000克或作用在样品上的力增加到刚一引起该扣件从棉织物上脱离时[按上述的试验方法(C)(1)]。第二个方法-50克触发力The absorbent article is preferably capable of extending to about 110%, 115%, 120%, 125%, 130%, 140%, etc. of its original length when the force applied is increased to the value of: The force applied to the absorbent article is increased to 1000 g or the force applied to the sample just to cause the fastener to release from the cotton fabric [as per Test Method (C)(1) above]. The second method - 50 grams of trigger force
用于这个试验的样品是整个吸收物品，这一试验只涉及样品在纵向(即平行于纵向中心线)方向上的性能的测量。The sample used for this test is the entire absorbent article, and this test only involves the measurement of the properties of the sample in the longitudinal direction (ie, parallel to the longitudinal centerline).
将该样品无约束地铺在一个平台上，使样品朝向身体的那侧朝上。如果样品带有一粘着性扣件，应使所有粘着覆盖条的剥落部分的宽度大到足以使在该样品的一端的粘着剂暴露出约5cm(大约2吋)。The sample is laid free on a platform with the body side of the sample facing up. If the sample has an adhesive fastener, make the peeled-off portion of all adhesive cover strips wide enough to expose about 5 cm (about 2 inches) of adhesive at one end of the sample.
取一棉织物条(标准的7.6cm宽，牌号为#429W由Test Fabrics，Inc.of Middlesex，MJ，制造)，覆盖在扣件的端部的该扣件材料的2.5cm(1.0吋)长的(被暴露)部分上。为了有助于限定大多数粘接扣件的边缘可以把样品放在紫外灯下，被棉织品覆盖住的扣件部分应该是扣件表面的代表。只需把棉条放在扣件上，在这时不要施加力。Take a strip of cotton fabric (standard 7.6 cm wide, grade# 429W manufactured by Test Fabrics, Inc. of Middlesex, MJ), 2.5 cm (1.0 inch) long of the fastener material over the end of the fastener on the (exposed) part of . To help define the edges of most bonded fasteners a sample can be placed under a UV lamp. The portion of the fastener covered by the cotton fabric should be representative of the surface of the fastener. Simply place the tampon over the fastener without applying force.
棉织物条应该足够长，以使它的自由端(非附着端)的伸长至少超出与被棉织物覆盖的2.54cm扣件部分相邻的样品(即包括吸收性和非吸收性部件在内的产品的实际端缘)的端缘1.3cm(0.5吋)，使棉织物条伸出超出样品端缘约7.6cm(约3吋)的棉织物条对于许多样品来说是足够的。The strip of cotton fabric should be long enough so that its free end (non-attached end) extends at least beyond the sample adjacent to the 2.54 cm fastener portion covered by the cotton fabric (i.e. including both absorbent and non-absorbent components). A strip of cotton fabric that extends about 7.6 cm (about 3 inches) beyond the edge of the sample is sufficient for many samples.
测量并标出距位于样品那个相对端(将作为该样品的附着端的那一端)的最长吸收部件边缘为1.3cm(0.5吋)的横线。这一标记用作在拉伸试验机上的夹头夹在样品端部位置的一个指示。Measure and mark a horizontal line 1.3 cm (0.5 inches) from the edge of the longest absorbent member at the opposite end of the sample (the end that will be the attachment end of the sample). This mark is used as an indication of where the grips on the tensile testing machine are at the end of the specimen.
将17.6克/cm2的压力均匀地(用一个泡沫材料覆盖的重物)加到棉织物上持续30秒，以使棉织物附着到扣件上。对于没有粘着性的内裤扣件，通常可以用把扣件固定在穿用者内衣上的方式将样品附着在棉织物上。移开该重物，通过向粘着扣件未被覆盖部分喷撒滑石粉和玉米淀粉的方法除去所有残留的防粘纸。除去所有粘着扣件的残余部分上的所有粘着剂痕迹。Apply 17.6 g/cm2 of pressure evenly (with a foam covered weight) to the cotton fabric for 30 seconds to adhere the cotton fabric to the fastener. For panty fasteners that are not adhesive, the sample can usually be attached to the cotton fabric by securing the fastener to the wearer's underwear. Remove the weight and remove any remaining release paper by dusting the uncovered portion of the adhesive fastener with talcum powder and cornstarch. Remove all traces of adhesive from the remainder of any adhered fasteners.
将试验机上未同棉织物条相接触的样品端用一个7.6cm(3吋)的夹头夹持住，在夹持样品时，应使夹头的最外缘(即自由端)向里距吸收部件的端部大约1.3cm(大约0.5吋)。如果在该1.27cm区域内吸收部件的数目多于1个，那么在夹持样品时，应使这些吸收部件全部被这个夹头夹住。即把样品从这个(些)吸收部件的端部算起夹住大约1.27cm。Hold the end of the sample on the testing machine that is not in contact with the cotton fabric strip with a 7.6cm (3 inch) clamp. When clamping the sample, the outermost edge of the clamp (ie the free end) should be inwardly The ends of the absorbent member are approximately 1.3 cm (approximately 0.5 inches). If there is more than one absorbent member in the 1.27 cm area, then when clamping the sample, all of these absorbent members should be clamped by this clamp. That is, the sample is clamped approximately 1.27 cm from the end of the absorbent member(s).
将棉织物条的自由端放入另一个7.6cm的夹头中。把棉织物条的自由端放入这个夹头中时应使该夹头的自由端只与样品最接近的端缘接触。应注意，不要夹住样品这一端的任何部分。在调整拉伸试验机的夹头时，应使两个夹头成180°角拉开(如在前面试验中所述的那样)。这样就完成了使扣件与棉条彼此分离的剪切力的传递。Place the free end of the cotton fabric strip into another 7.6 cm collet. The free end of the strip of cotton fabric is placed in this grip so that the free end of the grip contacts only the nearest edge of the sample. Care should be taken not to clamp any part of this end of the sample. When adjusting the jaws of the tensile testing machine, the two jaws should be pulled apart at an angle of 180° (as described in the previous test). This completes the transfer of the shear force that separates the fastener and sliver from each other.
调整拉伸试验机这些夹头之间的距离，使在样品上的织物长度超过夹头间的距离也就是使样品有些松弛。因此，样品在这时将不处于拉伸状态。Adjust the distance between these grips of the tensile testing machine so that the length of the fabric on the sample exceeds the distance between the grips, that is, some slack in the sample. Therefore, the sample will not be in tension at this point.
用每秒0.93cm(0.367吋)的十字头速度开始拉伸。如果样品带有一个粘着扣件，那么拉伸应该在除去用于使样品与棉织物条贴紧的17.6克/cm2的覆盖泡沫重物后30秒内开始。设定触发点，开始在50克力下采集力和拉伸数据。十字头应该移动到棉织物条同样品扣件的2.54cm部分分离开(即剪切)为止。Stretching was initiated with a crosshead speed of 0.93 cm (0.367 inches) per second. If the sample has an adhesive fastener, stretching should begin within 30 seconds of removal of the 17.6 g/cm2 covering foam weight used to secure the sample to the strip of cotton fabric. Set the trigger point and start collecting force and stretch data at 50 g force. The crosshead should be moved until the cotton strip separates (ie, shears) the 2.54 cm portion of the sample fastener.
按所要求的次数采集力和伸长量测量数据，并完成该试验。用于计算％伸长率的测量长度是从固定的钳口(夹住由与粘附在棉条上的样品端相对的样品端上的吸收构件的端部算起向内1.27cm的那个钳口)到该棉条最接近的端缘的直线距离，此时该样品承受50克的拉伸力。Take the required number of force and elongation measurements and complete the test. The measured length used to calculate the % elongation is from the fixed jaw (the jaw that clamps 1.27 cm inwardly from the end of the absorbent member on the sample end opposite the sample end attached to the tampon. mouth) to the closest end edge of the sliver when the sample is subjected to a tensile force of 50 grams.
该吸收物品最好在所受的力增到下列数值时能伸长到其初始长度的约110％、115％、120％、125％、130％、140％等，所述的力达到的数值是：该吸收物品受到的力增加到800克或1000克，或作用在样品上的力增加刚一引起该扣件从棉织物上脱离时[按上述试验方法(C)(2)的条件完成的]。Preferably, the absorbent article is capable of extending to about 110%, 115%, 120%, 125%, 130%, 140%, etc. of its original length when subjected to an increased force of : When the force applied to the absorbent article increases to 800 g or 1000 g, or as soon as the increase in force acting on the sample causes the fastener to detach from the cotton fabric [accomplished under the conditions of the above test method (C)(2) ].
试验方法C是为了模拟吸收物品附着在一件内衣上时将引起吸收物品伸长的条件而设计的。Test Method C is designed to simulate the conditions that would cause the absorbent article to elongate when attached to an undergarment.
D.用于测量具有弹性吸收物品的恢复速率D. Used to measure the recovery rate of absorbent articles with elastic
用于这一试验的样品是整个吸收物品。这一试验，也仅涉及样品在纵向(即平行于纵向中心线)的方向上的性能的测量。The samples used for this test are whole absorbent articles. This test, too, only involves the measurement of the properties of the sample in the longitudinal direction (ie parallel to the longitudinal centerline).
利用以上的试验方法B在1000克力条件下测量样品的最大纵向伸长。The maximum longitudinal elongation of the samples was measured at 1000 grams force using Test Method B above.
用手工操作进行以下试验，从样品上除去所有粘着覆盖条。如果样品带有粘着扣件，通过把滑石粉或玉米淀粉喷撒到粘着扣件上消除所有粘着剂痕迹。The following tests were performed by manual operation, removing all adhesive cover strips from the samples. If the sample has adhesive fasteners, remove all traces of adhesive by spraying talcum powder or cornstarch on the adhesive fasteners.
将一把带有刻度(最小分度为0.1时或1mm)的尺子放在一个平台上。Put a ruler with a scale (minimum division is 0.1 hour or 1mm) on a platform.
用一只手抓牢样品的一端。应该抓牢该样品的从该产品横端缘算起约3.8cm(大约吋)的一个端部，拿住样品使其在横跨宽度的方向尽可能地成平面和保持水平。Grasp one end of the sample firmly with one hand. The sample should be firmly grasped about 3.8cm from the transverse edge of the product (approximately inch), hold the specimen so that it is as planar and level as possible across its width.
在尺子的上方或旁边抓牢样品，使样品朝向身体的表面朝上，以便可以在整个试验过程中观察尺子上的刻度。拿住样品，使由样品从这一固定端算起向内大约1.27cm的那部分样品在整个试验过程中始终与尺子刻度的起点严格保持一致。Hold the sample firmly over or next to the ruler with the body-facing surface of the sample facing up so that the markings on the ruler can be viewed throughout the test. Hold the sample so that the part of the sample that is about 1.27cm inward from the fixed end of the sample remains strictly consistent with the starting point of the ruler scale throughout the test.
将一块精确到0.01秒的可以记录时间的数字秒表放在尺子和样品旁边。在位于平台上的该吸收物品的上方设置一台摄象机，以观察该吸收物品样品，同时观察和记录秒表上经过的时间并记录(精确到0.1秒)。A digital stopwatch capable of recording time to 0.01 second is placed next to the ruler and sample. A video camera is positioned above the absorbent article on the platform to observe the absorbent article sample while observing and recording the elapsed time on a stopwatch (accurate to 0.1 second).
抓住样品的另一横向端缘(即自由端)。应该抓住样品在纵向中心线附近大约5cm(大约2时)宽的区域。应抓在样品由最长的吸收部件的那个端缘箅起向内约1.3cm(约0.5时)的那一区域。(这1.3cm距离不应计入在物品端部密封之中或外侧的吸收部件的任何部分，如以上所述的那样)。Grab the other lateral edge (ie, the free end) of the sample. The sample should be grasped in an area approximately 5 cm (approximately 2 inches) wide near the longitudinal centerline. The sample should be grasped at the area about 1.3 cm (about 0.5 inches) inward from the end grate of the longest absorbent member. (This 1.3 cm distance should not account for any portion of the absorbent member within or outside the end seals of the article, as described above).
启动摄象机和秒表，缓慢地拉伸样品的自由端，使该样品在1000克力(事先测重的)作用下伸长到最大伸长量或达到其初始长度的120％。无论最大伸长长度或伸长其初始长度120％的长度之中有一个是比较大的。伸展过程应该在少于或等于30秒的时间内完成。The video camera and stopwatch are started, and the free end of the sample is slowly stretched such that the sample is elongated to maximum elongation or 120% of its original length under the action of 1000 grams of force (pre-measured). Either the maximum elongated length or the length elongated by 120% of its original length is greater. The stretch should be completed in 30 seconds or less.
松开样品的自由端。当自由端被放开时在秒表上开始计时间。Release the free end of the sample. Start counting time on the stopwatch when the free end is released.
测量样品朝向它的初始长度所恢复的距离以及在所要求的若干点恢复其原有长度所需要的时间，这是借助于在录象机上录象带画面一幅接一幅地倒着播放，并观察样品的整个收缩过程而完成的。Measure the distance the sample recovers towards its original length and the time required to recover its original length at the required points, by means of a video tape played backwards one after another on a video recorder, And observe the entire shrinkage process of the sample.
用通过相应距离所需要的时间去除样品收缩的距离(转换成厘米)可计算出恢复速率。这样就完成了该试验。The recovery rate was calculated by dividing the distance of sample shrinkage (converted to centimeters) by the time required to traverse the corresponding distance. This completes the test.
在试验方法D中的样品也可以夹入拉伸试验机的夹头中，并且按照类似的方法完成试验，将样品的一端夹在固定的夹头中，而样品的另一端夹在一个可以在所要求的时间瞬时松开样品的这一端的那个夹头中。The specimens in Test Method D may also be clamped in the grips of the tensile testing machine, and the test shall be carried out in a similar manner, with one end of the sample clamped in the fixed jaws and the other end of the sample clamped in a Momentarily loosen that end of the sample in that chuck for the required time.
当吸收物品承受拉力使所述吸收物品沿其纵向中心线方向伸长达到(a)(在1000克力的作用下的最大伸长长度)，或(b)(其初始长度的120％)，最大伸长长度和初始长度的120％的长度之中有一个是比较大的，撤销所述拉伸力，所述的吸收物品如果是在最大伸长长度的条件下，则就使其从最大伸长长度(a)(i)朝向其恢复长度(a)(ii)恢复至一个比最大伸长长度小一个其初始长度10％的距离上；或如果是在伸长达到其初始长度的120％的条件下，则可以使吸收物品以小于或等于大约20.30或40cm/秒的恢复速率恢复到其初始长度的110％。When the absorbent article is subjected to tension such that the absorbent article is elongated along its longitudinal centerline to either (a) (the maximum elongated length under the action of 1000 grams of force), or (b) (120% of its original length), If one of the maximum elongation length and 120% of the original length is greater, the stretching force is canceled, and the absorbent article is made from the maximum elongation if it is under the condition of the maximum elongation length. The stretched length (a)(i) returns toward its restored length (a)(ii) to a distance less than 10% of its original length at the maximum extended length; or if it is stretched to 120% of its original length %, the absorbent article can be returned to 110% of its original length at a recovery rate of less than or equal to about 20.30 or 40 cm/sec.
虽然已经对本发明的这些具体实施例作为了说明和描述，但是对本领域专业技术人员来说可以做出各种变化和改进而不会脱离本发明的焦点和范围，这是显而易见的。While these particular embodiments of the invention have been illustrated and described, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (19)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US91528492A | 1992-07-23 | 1992-07-23 | |
| US915,284 | 1992-07-23 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1082868A CN1082868A (en) | 1994-03-02 |
| CN1129406Ctrue CN1129406C (en) | 2003-12-03 |
Family
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN92113184AExpired - LifetimeCN1129406C (en) | 1992-07-23 | 1992-10-31 | Extensible absortbent articles |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN1129406C (en) |
| AR (1) | AR246426A1 (en) |
| MX (1) | MX9300353A (en) |
| MY (1) | MY108476A (en) |
| NZ (1) | NZ244959A (en) |
| TW (1) | TW247272B (en) |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| JP6138903B1 (en)* | 2015-12-29 | 2017-05-31 | ユニ・チャーム株式会社 | Method for manufacturing absorbent article |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4655760A (en)* | 1985-07-30 | 1987-04-07 | Kimberly-Clark Corporation | Elasticized garment and method of making the same |
| US4847134A (en)* | 1987-12-22 | 1989-07-11 | Kimberly-Clark Corporation | Stretchable absorbent undergarment |
| US4891258A (en)* | 1987-12-22 | 1990-01-02 | Kimberly-Clark Corporation | Stretchable absorbent composite |
| US7431066B2 (en)* | 2005-10-12 | 2008-10-07 | Du Quesne Bertrand | Auxiliary tool for putting a tire on a rim |
- 1992
- 1992-10-22MYMYPI92001906Apatent/MY108476A/enunknown
- 1992-10-30NZNZ24495992Apatent/NZ244959A/enunknown
- 1992-10-31CNCN92113184Apatent/CN1129406C/ennot_activeExpired - Lifetime
- 1992-11-03TWTW81108757Apatent/TW247272B/zhactive
- 1993
- 1993-01-22MXMX9300353Apatent/MX9300353A/enunknown
- 1993-01-22ARAR32415093Apatent/AR246426A1/enactive
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4655760A (en)* | 1985-07-30 | 1987-04-07 | Kimberly-Clark Corporation | Elasticized garment and method of making the same |
| US4847134A (en)* | 1987-12-22 | 1989-07-11 | Kimberly-Clark Corporation | Stretchable absorbent undergarment |
| US4891258A (en)* | 1987-12-22 | 1990-01-02 | Kimberly-Clark Corporation | Stretchable absorbent composite |
| US7431066B2 (en)* | 2005-10-12 | 2008-10-07 | Du Quesne Bertrand | Auxiliary tool for putting a tire on a rim |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| AR246426A1 (en) | 1994-08-31 |
| TW247272B (en) | 1995-05-11 |
| NZ244959A (en) | 1997-03-24 |
| MY108476A (en) | 1996-09-30 |
| CN1082868A (en) | 1994-03-02 |
| MX9300353A (en) | 1994-01-31 |
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