CN112893665A - Electric pulse assisted pipe necking thickening forming device and method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a forming device and a method for electric pulse auxiliary pipe necking thickening, wherein the device comprises: the connecting piece is connected with the lower surface of the top of the forming device body; the pushing head is connected with the connecting piece; the first insulating gasket is positioned on the lower surface of the push head; the electrode plate is arranged below the first insulating gasket; the electrode elastic sheet is arranged in the opening of the electrode plate; the ceramic mould is arranged below the electrode plate, and the bottom of the tube blank is inserted into the ceramic mould; the second insulating gasket is arranged below the ceramic die; the support frame is arranged below the second insulating gasket; the necking electrode rod is arranged in a cavity of the ceramic die and penetrates through the ceramic die and the top of the support frame; the copper nose is arranged below the necking electrode bar and is in contact with the necking electrode bar; the jack is arranged below the copper nose; and the positive electrode of the power supply is connected with the electrode plate, and the negative electrode of the power supply is connected with the copper nose. The device can increase the thickness of the pipe, and has small volume and low cost.

Description

Electric pulse assisted pipe necking thickening forming device and method

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of pipe necking thickening, in particular to a forming device and method for electric pulse auxiliary pipe necking thickening.

Background

The necking and thickening technology of the pipe is a plastic forming technology for reducing the diameter and thickening the wall thickness of one end of a pipe blank, belongs to a pipe plastic processing technology, is widely applied to the fields of aerospace, vehicles and the like, and particularly effectively improves the light weight level of an airplane in the field of aviation manufacturing. The manufacturing principle is to improve the plasticity of the pipe, extrude one end of the pipe into a mould to realize necking and thickening, and increase the thickening thickness by utilizing the high temperature gradient of a deformation area and a non-deformation area. The thickened part of the finished pipe needs to be tapped and connected with other parts in future use, so that the thicker the finished product of the necking thickened pipe is, the better the reliability of threaded connection is, and the higher the quality of parts is. Traditional throat bodiness technique utilizes the mould heating to improve tubular product thermoplasticity, and the mould heating in deformation region and the liquid cooling in non-deformation region realize high temperature gradient, but bodiness thickness is limited, and manufacturing equipment covers hydraulic press, throat mould, heating rod, liquid cooling equipment etc. moreover, has that equipment cost is high, the period of operation is long etc. not enough. The invention relates to a method for further increasing the thickness of a pipe and lightening the manufacturing equipment. The invention adopts a method for increasing the electro-plasticity of a pipe, invents a forming method and a device for assisting the necking and thickening of the pipe by electric pulses, and has the principle of the electro-plasticity effect, after the pipe is electrified, high-density pulse current improves the motion energy of metal atoms in the pipe, accelerates the dislocation motion speed, then the temperature of the pipe is raised and softened by metal resistance, the plastic forming capability of the pipe is improved, the temperature gradient is realized by the self-resistance heating of the electrified pipe in a deformation area and the air cooling of a non-deformation area, and the pipe is extruded into a necking die by a hydraulic tester to realize necking and thickening, so that the pipe with higher thickness than that of the traditional thermoplastic thickening process is manufactured, the manufacturing equipment cost is lower, and the manufacturing period is shorter.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a forming device and a forming method for electric pulse auxiliary pipe necking thickening, which can increase the thickening thickness of a pipe, reduce the volume and weight of equipment and reduce the cost of the equipment.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following scheme:

an electrical pulse assisted tube necking thickening forming device, the device comprising:

the connecting piece is connected with the lower surface of the top of the forming device body;

the pushing head is connected with the connecting piece;

the first insulating gasket is positioned on the lower surface of the push head, and the tube blank is positioned below the first insulating gasket;

the electrode plate is arranged below the first insulating gasket, an opening is formed in the middle of the electrode plate, and the tube blank penetrates into the opening;

the electrode elastic sheet is arranged in the opening of the electrode plate and is in contact with the tube blank;

the ceramic mould is arranged below the electrode plate, and the bottom of the tube blank is inserted into the ceramic mould;

the second insulating gasket is arranged below the ceramic die;

the support frame is arranged below the second insulating gasket, and the electrode plate, the ceramic die and the second insulating gasket are fixed on the support frame through connecting rods;

the air cooling equipment is arranged on the support frame;

the necking electrode rod is arranged in a cavity of the ceramic die and penetrates through the ceramic die and the top of the support frame;

the copper nose is arranged below the necking electrode bar and is in contact with the necking electrode bar;

the jack is arranged below the copper nose;

and the positive electrode of the power supply is connected with the electrode plate, and the negative electrode of the power supply is connected with the copper nose.

Optionally, the necking electrode rod comprises: the necking electrode head, the plug, the first thickening electrode sleeve and the second thickening electrode sleeve; the bolt is used for connecting the necking electrode head and the necking electrode rod body; the first thickening electrode sleeve and the second thickening motor sleeve are sleeved on the necking electrode rod body.

Optionally, the forming device further comprises:

and the mold positioning block is arranged below the ceramic mold, and the second insulating gasket is arranged below the mold positioning block.

Optionally, the air cooling equipment is a cold air gun, and is located directly behind the pipe blank.

Optionally, the cold air gun includes a plurality of nozzles for spraying cold air.

Optionally, four corners of the electrode plate are respectively provided with a stepped hole.

Optionally, the forming device further comprises an insulating block, and the insulating block is arranged in the stepped hole.

Optionally, the number of connecting rods is 4.

Optionally, the power supply is a high-frequency pulse direct-current power supply.

The invention also provides a forming method for assisting the necking and thickening of the pipe by electric pulses, which comprises the following steps:

blanking the tube blank and correcting the tube blank;

placing the top of the tube blank under a first insulating gasket, descending a push head of a forming device, and stopping when the push head descends to the surface of the first insulating gasket;

screwing down an oil return valve of the jack, and lifting the jack to enable the copper nose to support the necking electrode bar to rise until the necking electrode head is tightly contacted with the lower part of the tube blank;

turning on a high-frequency pulse direct-current power supply 14, and setting the electro-plastic forming current value of the tube blank material to be the tube blank 4 for preheating;

opening a cold air gun to cool the non-deformation area of the tube blank;

when the pipe blank is electrified and preheated to the forming temperature, the oil return valve of the jack is unscrewed, the necking electrode bar is ensured to descend along with the pipe blank, the axial extrusion of the push head is controlled, and necking forming is started;

closing the high-frequency pulse direct-current power supply, withdrawing the jack, completely retracting the necking electrode head into the first thickened electrode sleeve, and then inserting the part of the necking electrode rod extending out of the first thickened electrode sleeve into the second thickened electrode sleeve B23 so as to completely retract the necking electrode rod into the first thickened electrode sleeve and the second thickened electrode sleeve;

the jack is put back, the oil return valve is screwed down, the second thickened electrode sleeve is jacked until the second thickened electrode sleeve contacts the pipe end, and the circuit is restored to be a path;

turning on the high-frequency pulse direct-current power supply again, and electrifying and heating;

preheating to a forming temperature, continuing feeding the pushing head, and forming the necking straight section;

and when the tube blank reaches the bottom of the ceramic mold, finishing the forming of the necking straight section, starting thickening forming, keeping the push head to feed until the thickening forming is finished, closing the high-frequency pulse direct-current power supply, and finishing the experiment.

According to the specific embodiment provided by the invention, the invention discloses the following technical effects:

the necking electrode head, the plug pin, the necking electrode rod, the first thickening electrode sleeve and the second thickening electrode sleeve are uniquely movable and can be opened and closed, so that the electrodes are closed along with the reduction of the pipe end in the forming process of the pipe and always keep a state of being tightly contacted with the pipe end, and the continuous electrification of the pipe blank in the forming process is realized;

the necking electrode and the thickened electrode sleeve are separately designed, so that the necking electrode which can be freely opened and closed but has weaker strength is responsible for the necking deformation with smaller load; the thickened electrode sleeve with higher strength is responsible for thickening and forming and bears larger load, so that the damage of the necking electrode mould is avoided;

the jack supports and moves the combined design of the electrode, can already support and move the electrode in shaping, make it not drop, contact with pipe end closely all the time, avoid the circuit to break; the movable electrode can be used as an ejector rod after the forming is finished, so that the formed product can be conveniently taken out of the die;

the plasticity of the tube blank is further increased by innovatively using the electro-plasticity generated by the pulse current to the metal, so that the finished product can be formed into a product with better thickening effect than the traditional thermoplastic product at lower forming temperature and load;

the universal testing machine is used as a hydraulic device, and compared with the traditional hydraulic press, the load-feed curve data in the manufacturing process can be accurately obtained, so that the manufacturing personnel can conveniently judge the manufacturing progress, and accurate data is provided for various analyses;

the air cooling method is adopted to reduce the temperature of the non-plastic forming end of the tube blank, so that the problems of leakage of cooling liquid of the liquid cooling and the like are avoided, and the safety and the reliability in the manufacturing process are further ensured.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings without inventive exercise.

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a forming device for assisting in pipe necking and thickening by electric pulses according to an embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an electrode plate according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a necking electrode bar according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a top view of the contact between the electrode elastic sheet and the tube blank according to the embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the present invention as it is energized prior to forming;

FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the completion of necking down according to the embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 7 is a schematic view of the forming and electrical connection of the necking straight section according to the embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 8 is a schematic view of a straight section after necking according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of thickening according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Description of the symbols:

1 universal tester, 2 push heads, 3 first insulating gaskets, 4 pipe blanks, 5 cold air guns, 6 electrode plates, 7 ceramic molds, 8 screw rods, 9 mold positioning blocks, 10 second insulating gaskets, 11 copper noses, 12 supporting frames, 13 jacks, 14 high-frequency pulse direct-current power supplies, 15 threaded holes, 16 electrode elastic sheets, 17 stepped holes, 18 insulating blocks, 19 necking electrode tips, 20 bolts, 21 necking electrode rods, 22 first thickening electrode sleeves, 23 second thickening electrode sleeves and 24 connecting pieces.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

The invention aims to provide a forming device and a forming method for electric pulse auxiliary pipe necking thickening, which can increase the thickening thickness of a pipe, reduce the volume and weight of equipment and reduce the cost of the equipment.

In order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention comprehensible, embodiments accompanied with figures are described in further detail below.

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of a forming device for assisting in pipe necking and thickening by electric pulse in an embodiment of the invention, and as shown in fig. 1, the device comprises: the device comprises a push head 2, a first insulating gasket 3, apipe blank 4, a cold air gun 5, anelectrode plate 6, aceramic mold 7, a screw rod 8, amold positioning block 9, a second insulatinggasket 10, acopper nose 11, asupport frame 12, ajack 13, a high-frequency pulse directcurrent power supply 14, a threadedhole 15, an electrodeelastic sheet 16, a steppedhole 17, an insulatingblock 18, a neckingelectrode tip 19, aplug pin 20, a neckingelectrode rod 21, a firstthickening electrode sleeve 22, a secondthickening electrode sleeve 23 and a connecting piece 24.

The connecting piece 24 is connected with the forming device body, namely the lower surface of the top of the universal testing machine 1;

the push head 2 is connected with the connecting piece 24;

the first insulating gasket 3 is positioned on the lower surface of the push head 2, and thetube blank 4 is positioned below the first insulating gasket 3;

theelectrode plate 6 is arranged below the first insulating gasket 3, a hole is formed in the middle of the electrode plate, and a pipe blank penetrates into the hole;

the electrodeelastic sheet 16 is arranged in the opening of theelectrode plate 6 and is in contact with thetube blank 4;

theceramic mould 7 is arranged below theelectrode plate 6, and the bottom of thetube blank 4 is inserted into the ceramic mould;

thedie positioning block 9 is arranged below theceramic die 7;

the second insulatinggasket 10 is arranged below thedie positioning block 9;

thesupport frame 12 is arranged below the second insulatinggasket 10, and theelectrode plate 6, theceramic mold 7, themold positioning block 9 and the second insulatinggasket 10 are fixed on thesupport frame 12 through connecting rods; the connecting rod is a screw 8;

the air cooling equipment is arranged on thesupport frame 12; the air cooling device is a cold air gun 5 and is positioned right behind thetube blank 4; the cold air gun 5 includes a plurality of nozzles for spraying cold air.

The neckingelectrode bar 21 is arranged in a cavity of theceramic mould 7 and penetrates through theceramic mould 7, themould positioning block 9 and the top of thesupport frame 12;

thecopper nose 11 is arranged below the neckingelectrode rod 21 and is in contact with the necking electrode rod;

thejack 13 is arranged below the copper nose;

the positive pole of power with the plate electrode is connected, the negative pole with the copper nose is connected, the power is high frequency pulseDC power supply 14.

Specifically, the necking electrode rod comprises: the neckingelectrode head 19, theplug 20, the first thickenedelectrode sleeve 22 and the second thickenedelectrode sleeve 23; theplug pin 20 is used for connecting the neckingelectrode head 19 and the neckingelectrode rod 21 body; the firstthickening electrode sleeve 22 and the secondthickening motor sleeve 23 are sleeved on the neckingelectrode rod 21 body.

Steppedholes 17 are formed in four corners of theelectrode plate 6 respectively, and insulatingblocks 18 are arranged in the stepped holes 17.

Specifically, the universal testing machine 1 is used as a main power source to generate extrusion force for pushing the pushing head 2 to form thetube blank 4. The push head 2 is connected with the universal experiment machine 1 through threads. The first insulating gasket 3 is horizontally arranged between thetube blank 4 and the push head 2 and used for ensuring the open circuit between thetube blank 4 and the universal testing machine 1. The cold air gun 5 is adsorbed on thesupport frame 12 through the magnetic suction seat at the bottom, and the air blowing hole of the cold air gun 5 is aligned with the contact part of thetube blank 4 and the electrodeelastic sheet 16 to carry out air cooling heat dissipation, so that the phenomenon that the tube blank is bent and wrinkled due to overhigh temperature in the area is avoided. The electrodeelastic sheet 16 is fixed on the threadedhole 15 of theelectrode plate 6 by a screw passing through a positioning hole of the electrode elastic sheet, and then the insulatingblock 21 is placed in the steppedhole 17 of theelectrode plate 6, so that theelectrode plate 6 is prevented from contacting the screw rod 8, and the universal tester 1 is prevented from being damaged by electrification. And then sequentially placing an insulatinggasket 10 on asupport frame 12, placing amold positioning block 9 on the insulatinggasket 10, placing aceramic mold 7 on themold positioning block 9, and fixing theelectrode plate 6, theceramic mold 7, themold positioning block 9 and the insulatinggasket 10 on thesupport frame 12 through a screw 8 after placing. Thebolt 20 penetrates through positioning holes of a neckingelectrode rod 21 and a neckingelectrode head 19 to fix the three together to form a movable and openable necking electrode, the necking electrode is sleeved into a first thickenedelectrode sleeve 22, then the whole electrode sleeve is placed into a mold, the electrode sleeve penetrates through aceramic mold 7, amold positioning block 9, an insulatingcushion block 10 and asupport frame 12 to be in contact with acopper nose 11 below, thecopper nose 11 is sleeved on ajack 13 rod, thejack 13 rod is provided with a spring device, so that the jack cannot automatically descend after pressure relief, a small pressure is required to be pressed downwards to enable the jack to descend, and the jack props against the electrode sleeve to be in contact with a tube blank 4 all the time. Thetube blank 4 penetrates through theelectrode plate 6 and is placed in theceramic mold 7, the end face of the tube blank 4 in theceramic mold 7 is in contact with the neckingelectrode tip 19, the bottom of the necking electrode is in contact with thecopper nose 11, thecopper nose 11 is connected with the negative electrode of the high-frequency pulse direct-current power supply 14, the other end of thetube blank 4 is in contact with the electrodeelastic piece 16, the electrodeelastic piece 16 is connected with theelectrode plate 6, and theelectrode plate 6 is connected with the positive electrode of the high-frequency pulse direct-current power supply 14, so that a loop is formed, and the tube blank.

The invention discloses a forming method for realizing necking and thickening of a pipe by utilizing electro-plasticity, which comprises the following steps of:

1. tube blank blanking and correction

The necking electrode (formed by assembling a neckingelectrode rod 21, a neckingelectrode head 19 and a plug pin 20) is put into the ceramic die 7 from the top, and the lower end of the necking electrode contacts thecopper nose 11. In order to prevent the tube blank 4 from bending in the forming process, thetube blank 4 is selected to require that the surface of the end opening is flat and burr-free, the tube shaft is vertical to the tube shaft, no impurities exist on the outer surface, uniform carbon powder or other types of lubricants are smeared on the outer surface of thetube blank 4, and the axis of thetube blank 4, theelectrode plate 6, theceramic mold 7 and themold positioning block 9 are adjusted to be aligned. Thetube blank 4 is placed into aceramic die 7 along the central hole of theelectrode plate 6, and theelectrode shrapnel 16 on theelectrode plate 6 is ensured to contact the tube blank (as shown in figure 4).

2. Device fixing and energizing

And placing an insulating sheet 3 at the top of thetube blank 4, and stopping when the push head 2 of the universal testing machine 1 descends to the upper surface of the insulating gasket 3. The oil return valve of thejack 13 is tightened, and thejack 13 makes thecopper nose 11 support the necking electrode rod to rise until the neckingelectrode head 19 contacts with the lower tight part of thetube blank 4, as shown in figure 5. At this time, the current from the positive electrode of the high frequency dcpulse power supply 14 returns to the negative electrode of the high frequency dcpulse power supply 14 through theelectrode plate 6, theelectrode spring 16, the tube blank 4 in the mold, the neckingelectrode tip 19, the neckingelectrode bar 21, and thecopper nose 11 to form a loop. And turning on the high-frequency pulse direct-current power supply 14, and preheating until the electro-plastic forming current value of the tube blank material is set to be thetube blank 4. And meanwhile, the cold air gun 5 is opened to cool the non-deformation area of thetube blank 4, so that the non-deformation area is prevented from wrinkling due to overhigh temperature in the forming process.

3. Necking down

When the pipe blank is electrified and preheated to the forming temperature, the oil return valve of thejack 13 is unscrewed to ensure that the necking electrode can descend along with thepipe blank 4, and the pushing head 2 is controlled to axially extrude to start necking forming. Whether the necking is finished or not is judged by observing the feeding amount of the push head 2 given by the computer, and the position of thetube blank 4 when the necking is finished is shown in figure 6.

After the necking is finished, the high-frequency pulse direct-current power supply 14 is closed, thejack 13 is withdrawn, the neckingelectrode head 19 is completely retracted into the first thickenedelectrode sleeve 22, and the part of the neckingelectrode rod 21 extending out of the first thickenedelectrode sleeve 22 is inserted into the second thickenedelectrode sleeve 23, so that the necking electrode is completely retracted in the thickened electrode sleeve. Thejack 13 is put back, the oil return valve is screwed down, the secondthickening electrode sleeve 23 is jacked until the second thickening electrode sleeve contacts the pipe end, the circuit is recovered to be a path, the high-frequency pulse directcurrent power supply 14 is switched on again, the high-frequency pulse direct current power supply is electrified and heated, the high-frequency pulse direct current power supply is preheated to the forming temperature as shown in figure 7, the feeding of the pushing head 2 is continued, and the necking straight section starts to be formed as shown in figure 8.

When thetube blank 4 reaches the bottom of theceramic mold 7, the necking straight section forming is finished, thickening forming is started, the pushing head feeding is kept until the thickening forming is finished, the high-frequency pulse direct-current power supply 14 is turned off, and the experiment is finished, as shown in fig. 9.

The embodiments in the present description are described in a progressive manner, each embodiment focuses on differences from other embodiments, and the same and similar parts among the embodiments are referred to each other.

The principles and embodiments of the present invention have been described herein using specific examples, which are provided only to help understand the method and the core concept of the present invention; meanwhile, for a person skilled in the art, according to the idea of the present invention, the specific embodiments and the application range may be changed. In summary, this summary should not be construed to limit the present invention.

Claims (10)

Translated fromChinese

1.一种电脉冲辅助管材缩口增厚的成形装置，其特征在于，所述装置包括：1. A forming device for the thickening of an electric pulse assisted pipe necking, characterized in that the device comprises:连接件，与成形装置本体顶部的下表面连接；a connecting piece, connected with the lower surface of the top of the forming device body;推头，与所述连接件连接；a pusher, connected with the connector;第一绝缘垫片，位于所述推头的下表面，管坯位于第一绝缘垫片下方；The first insulating gasket is located on the lower surface of the pusher, and the tube blank is located under the first insulating gasket;电极板，设置在所述第一绝缘垫片的下方，中间设置开孔，管坯穿入所述开孔；an electrode plate, arranged below the first insulating gasket, with an opening in the middle, and the tube blank penetrates into the opening;电极弹片，设置在电极板的开孔中，且与管坯接触；The electrode shrapnel is arranged in the opening of the electrode plate and is in contact with the tube blank;陶瓷模具，设置在电极板的下方，管坯的底部插入陶瓷模具内；The ceramic mold is arranged below the electrode plate, and the bottom of the tube blank is inserted into the ceramic mold;第二绝缘垫片，设置在所述陶瓷模具的下方；a second insulating gasket, arranged below the ceramic mold;支撑架，设置在所述第二绝缘垫片的下方，所述电极板、所述陶瓷模具、所述第二绝缘垫片通过连接杆固定在所述支撑架上；a support frame, which is arranged below the second insulating gasket, and the electrode plate, the ceramic mold, and the second insulating gasket are fixed on the support frame through connecting rods;空冷设备，设置在所述支撑架上；air cooling equipment, arranged on the support frame;缩口电极棒，设置在陶瓷模具的型腔内，并穿过陶瓷模具和支撑架的顶部；The necked electrode rod is arranged in the cavity of the ceramic mold and passes through the top of the ceramic mold and the support frame;铜鼻子，设置在所述缩口电极棒的下方并与所述缩口电极棒接触；a copper nose, arranged below the necked electrode rod and in contact with the necked electrode rod;千斤顶，设置在所述铜鼻子的下方；a jack, arranged below the copper nose;电源，正极与所述电极板连接，负极与所述铜鼻子连接。For the power supply, the positive pole is connected to the electrode plate, and the negative pole is connected to the copper nose.2.根据权利要求1所述的电脉冲辅助管材缩口增厚的成形装置，其特征在于，所述缩口电极棒包括：缩口电极头、插销第一增厚电极套以及第二增厚电极套；所述插销用于连接所述缩口电极头和缩口电极棒本体；所述第一增厚电极套和所述第二增厚电机套套设在所述缩口电极棒本体上。2 . The forming device for electric pulse assisted pipe shrinking and thickening according to claim 1 , wherein the shrinking electrode rod comprises: a shrinking electrode head, a first thickening electrode sleeve for a plug and a second thickening electrode. 3 . an electrode sleeve; the plug is used to connect the necked electrode head and the necked electrode rod body; the first thickened electrode sleeve and the second thickened motor sleeve are sleeved on the necked electrode rod body.3.根据权利要求1的所述电脉冲辅助管材缩口增厚的成形装置，其特征在于，所述成形装置还包括：3. The forming device for electric pulse-assisted pipe necking and thickening according to claim 1, wherein the forming device further comprises:模具定位块，设置在所述陶瓷模具的下方，所述第二绝缘垫片设置在所述模具定位块的下方。The mold positioning block is arranged under the ceramic mold, and the second insulating gasket is arranged under the mold positioning block.4.根据权利要求1所述的电脉冲辅助管材缩口增厚的成形装置，其特征在于，所述空冷设备为冷风枪，且位于所述管坯的正后方。4 . The forming device for assisted pipe necking and thickening by electric pulses according to claim 1 , wherein the air cooling device is a cold air gun and is located directly behind the pipe blank. 5 .5.根据权利要求4所述的电脉冲辅助管材缩口增厚的成形装置，其特征在于，所述冷风枪包括多个喷嘴，用于喷射冷风。5 . The forming device for assisted pipe necking and thickening by electric pulses according to claim 4 , wherein the cold air gun comprises a plurality of nozzles for spraying cold air. 6 .6.根据权利要求1所述的电脉冲辅助管材缩口增厚的成形装置，其特征在于，所述电极板的四个角分别开设有阶梯孔。6 . The forming device for assisted pipe necking and thickening by electric pulses according to claim 1 , wherein the four corners of the electrode plate are respectively provided with stepped holes. 7 .7.根据权利要求6所述的电脉冲辅助管材缩口增厚的成形装置，其特征在于，所述成形装置还包括绝缘块，所述绝缘块设置在所述阶梯孔内。7 . The forming device for electric pulse-assisted pipe necking and thickening according to claim 6 , wherein the forming device further comprises an insulating block, and the insulating block is arranged in the stepped hole. 8 .8.根据权利要求1所述的电脉冲辅助管材缩口增厚的成形装置，其特征在于，连接杆的数量为4个。8 . The forming device for electric pulse assisted pipe necking and thickening according to claim 1 , wherein the number of connecting rods is four. 9 .9.根据权利要求1所述的电脉冲辅助管材缩口增厚的成形装置，其特征在于，所述电源为高频脉冲直流电源。9 . The forming device for assisted pipe necking and thickening by electric pulses according to claim 1 , wherein the power source is a high-frequency pulse DC power source. 10 .10.一种电脉冲辅助管材缩口增厚的成形方法，其特征在于，所述成形方法包括：10. A forming method for electric pulse-assisted pipe necking and thickening, characterized in that the forming method comprises:管坯下料，并对管坯校正；Blanking the tube blank and calibrating the tube blank;将管坯顶部放置在第一绝缘垫片下，下降成形装置的推头，当下降至所述第一绝缘垫片的表面时停止；Place the top of the tube blank under the first insulating gasket, lower the pusher of the forming device, and stop when it descends to the surface of the first insulating gasket;拧紧千斤顶的回油阀，顶升千斤顶使铜鼻子托着缩口电极棒上升，直到缩口电极头与管坯下部紧密接触；Tighten the oil return valve of the jack, and lift the jack so that the copper nose supports the shrinking electrode rod to rise until the shrinking electrode head is in close contact with the lower part of the tube blank;打开高频脉冲直流电源14，设置到管坯材料电致塑性成形电流值为管坯4进行预热；Turn on the high-frequency pulse DC power supply 14, set the current value of the electroplastic forming of the tube blank material to the tube blank 4 for preheating;打开冷风枪为管坯的非变形区降温；Turn on the cold air gun to cool down the non-deformation area of the tube blank;待管坯通电预热至成形温度，拧松千斤的回油阀，保证缩口电极棒可随管坯一同下降，控制推头轴向挤压，开始缩口成形；After the tube blank is energized and preheated to the forming temperature, loosen the oil return valve of 10000 jin to ensure that the electrode rod of the shrinking mouth can descend with the tube blank, control the axial extrusion of the pusher, and start the shrinking forming;关闭高频脉冲直流电源，撤出千斤顶，将缩口电极头完全收入第一增厚电极套中，再把缩口电极棒伸出第一增厚电极套的部分塞入第二增厚电极套B23中，使缩口电极棒完全收在第一增厚电极套和第二增厚电极套内；Turn off the high-frequency pulse DC power supply, withdraw the jack, put the shrinking electrode head into the first thickening electrode sleeve completely, and then insert the part of the shrinking electrode rod extending out of the first thickening electrode sleeve into the second thickening electrode sleeve. In B23, the necked electrode rod is completely retracted in the first thickened electrode sleeve and the second thickened electrode sleeve;放回千斤顶，拧紧回油阀，顶升第二增厚电极套直至其接触到管端，电路恢复通路；Put the jack back, tighten the oil return valve, lift the second thickened electrode sleeve until it touches the pipe end, and the circuit is restored;再次打开高频脉冲直流电源，通电加热；Turn on the high-frequency pulse DC power supply again, and energize it for heating;预热至成形温度，继续推头的进给，缩口直段开始成形；Preheat to the forming temperature, continue to feed the pusher, and the straight section of the necked mouth begins to form;管坯到达陶瓷模具底部时，缩口直段成形结束，开始增厚成形，保持推头进给，直至增厚成形结束，关闭高频脉冲直流电源，实验结束。When the tube blank reaches the bottom of the ceramic mold, the forming of the straight section of the necked mouth is completed, and the thickening forming begins, and the pusher is kept feeding until the thickening forming is completed.

Images