CN112880497A - Tunnel smooth blasting method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a tunnel smooth blasting method, which comprises the following steps: drilling a to-be-blasted area to form peripheral holes, undercut holes, auxiliary holes and bottom plate holes to be charged; carrying out axial length uncoupled interval charging on peripheral holes, and carrying out continuous charging on the slotted holes, the auxiliary holes and the bottom plate holes; arranging a first detonating cord along the peripheral contour line of the area to be blasted, and connecting the first detonating cord with a second detonating cord of the orifice of the peripheral eye to form a peripheral eye detonating network; and connecting the peripheral eye detonation network with the main detonation network, and controlling the main detonation network to detonate the cut eye, the auxiliary eye, the peripheral eye and the bottom plate eye according to a preset detonation sequence so as to perform smooth blasting on the area to be blasted. By changing the detonation wiring mode of the peripheral holes, detonators do not need to be arranged at the bottoms of the peripheral holes, and the safety performance is good and the construction efficiency is high.

Description

Tunnel smooth blasting method

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of smooth blasting construction, in particular to a tunnel smooth blasting method.

Background

In the prior art, the theory that the smooth blasting peripheral holes are successful is the uncoupled charging theory and is divided into uncoupled charging in radial gaps and uncoupled charging in axial length. In actual construction, due to the limitation of the control regulation of the small-diameter standard explosive, the construction unit has the situation that the small-diameter standard explosive is difficult to apply, and the radial gap uncoupled explosive charging is difficult to implement by using the common standard explosive. On the other hand, the conventional axial length uncoupled charge blasting method: the interval charging structure must be fixed by using supporting rod pieces such as bamboo chips and the like, and the diameter of a drilled hole is required to be enlarged; and a detonator for detonation needs to be installed on the first section of explosive roll at the bottom of the blasthole, so that certain potential safety hazards exist during charging, and the construction efficiency is low.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention mainly aims to provide a tunnel smooth blasting method which can break through the technical bottleneck that a traditional axial length uncoupled charging blasting method-a supporting rod piece is required to be utilized to fix a spaced charging structure, and reduce the investment for enlarging the diameter of a drilled hole and the cost of the supporting rod piece; the hole bottom detonator is eliminated, the safety performance during the charging of the peripheral holes is good, and the construction efficiency is high.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a tunnel smooth blasting method, which comprises the following steps:

drilling a to-be-blasted area to form peripheral holes, undercut holes, auxiliary holes and bottom plate holes to be charged;

carrying out axial length uncoupled spaced charging on the peripheral holes;

continuously charging the cut hole, the auxiliary hole and the bottom plate hole;

arranging a first detonating cord along the peripheral contour line of the area to be blasted, and connecting the first detonating cord with a second detonating cord of the orifice of the peripheral eye to form a peripheral eye detonating network;

and connecting the peripheral eye detonation network with a main detonation network, and controlling the main detonation network to detonate the cut hole, the auxiliary holes, the peripheral eyes and the baseplate eyes according to a preset detonation sequence so as to perform smooth blasting on the area to be blasted.

Wherein, before the step of axially non-coupling the spacer charge hole to the perimeter hole, the method further comprises:

acquiring arrangement parameters of the peripheral holes to be charged by combining engineering geological conditions, and determining a first charge amount corresponding to the peripheral holes to be charged according to the arrangement parameters of the peripheral holes to be charged;

said step of axially length decoupling the perimeter eye comprises:

and carrying out axial length uncoupled interval charging on the peripheral eyes according to the first charging amount.

Wherein, before the step of continuously charging the undercut hole, the auxiliary hole and the floor hole, the method further comprises:

acquiring arrangement parameters of the undermining holes, the auxiliary holes and the bottom plate holes to be charged according to engineering geological conditions, and determining second charge amounts corresponding to the undermining holes, the auxiliary holes and the bottom plate holes according to the arrangement parameters of the undermining holes, the auxiliary holes and the bottom plate holes to be charged;

the step of continuously charging the undercut eye, the auxiliary eye and the floor eye comprises:

and continuously charging the cut hole, the auxiliary hole and the bottom plate hole according to the second charging amount.

Wherein, before the step of axially length decoupling the spaced charges to the perimeter eye, the method further comprises:

acquiring depth parameters of the peripheral holes to be charged by combining engineering geological conditions, and determining charging intervals corresponding to the peripheral holes according to the depth parameters of the peripheral holes;

said step of axially length decoupling the perimeter eye comprises:

spacing charges in the axial length of the peripheral eye according to the charge spacing.

Wherein said step of axially length decoupling the perimeter eye comprises:

binding a first explosive substance and the second detonating cord, and loading the first explosive substance and the detonating cord into the bottom of the peripheral hole by using a gun stick;

and marking the charging intervals on the gun rod, and sequentially loading the second blasting objects into the peripheral holes according to the charging intervals by using the gun rod so that the second blasting objects sequentially drop on the second detonating cords in the peripheral holes according to the charging intervals.

Wherein after the step of axially length decoupling the spaced charges to the perimeter eye, further comprising:

stemming an orifice of the perimeter hole with stemming to form a perimeter hole axial length uncoupled space charge structure.

The method comprises the following steps of arranging a first detonating cord along the peripheral contour line of the area to be blasted, connecting the first detonating cord with a second detonating cord of the peripheral eye orifice, and forming a peripheral eye detonating network, wherein the step of arranging the first detonating cord along the peripheral contour line of the area to be blasted comprises the following steps:

and respectively arranging one or more detonators at the starting point of the left wall foot, the terminal point of the right wall corner, the vault of the area to be blasted, the left arch of the area to be blasted and the right arch of the area to be blasted so as to provide bidirectional blasting energy for the first detonating cord during blasting.

The method comprises the following steps of arranging a first detonating cord along the peripheral contour line of the area to be blasted, connecting the first detonating cord with a second detonating cord of the peripheral eye orifice, and forming a peripheral eye detonating network, wherein the step of arranging the first detonating cord along the peripheral contour line of the area to be blasted comprises the following steps:

and bundling and connecting the detonator and the first detonating cord through an insulating adhesive tape to form the peripheral eye detonating network.

The total detonation network comprises a slotted eye detonation network, an auxiliary eye detonation network and a bottom plate eye detonation network.

The step of connecting the peripheral eye detonation network with a main detonation network, controlling the main detonation network to detonate the undercut eye, the auxiliary eye, the peripheral eye and the baseplate eye according to a preset detonation sequence so as to perform smooth blasting on the area to be blasted comprises the following steps of:

and responding to a detonation operation instruction, controlling a main detonation network to sequentially detonate blasting objects in the cutting hole, the auxiliary holes, the peripheral holes and the bottom plate holes according to the sequential detonation of the cutting hole detonation network, the auxiliary hole detonation network, the peripheral hole detonation network and the bottom plate hole detonation network, so that smooth blasting is carried out on the area to be blasted.

According to the tunnel smooth blasting method provided by the embodiment of the invention, a to-be-blasted area is drilled, so that blastholes to be charged are arranged, wherein the blastholes are of peripheral holes, undercut holes, auxiliary holes and bottom plate holes, the axial length of the peripheral holes is not coupled and the blastholes are alternately charged, and the undercut holes, the auxiliary holes and the bottom plate holes are charged in a continuous-break manner; after charging is completed, arranging a first detonating cord along the peripheral contour line of the area to be blasted, connecting the first detonating cord with a second detonating cord which is dropped from the orifices of the peripheral eyes to form a peripheral eye detonating network, connecting the set peripheral eye detonating network with a main detonating network, and controlling the main detonating network to detonate the undercut eyes, the auxiliary eyes, the peripheral eyes and the bottom plate eyes which are arranged on the area to be blasted according to a preset blasting sequence so as to perform smooth blasting on the area to be blasted. Under the condition that small-diameter explosives cannot be obtained, smooth blasting construction is carried out on an area to be blasted by using explosives of common specifications, the technical bottleneck that the conventional axial length uncoupled charging blasting method-a spacing charging structure must be fixed by using supporting rod pieces such as bamboo chips and the like is broken through, and the cost of enlarging the diameter of a drilled hole and the cost of the supporting rod pieces such as the bamboo chips or PVC pipes is reduced; meanwhile, by changing the detonation wiring mode of the peripheral holes, the peripheral hole bottom detonators are cancelled, the safety guarantee in the construction process is improved, and the construction efficiency is effectively improved.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a peripheral eye initiation network according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic flow chart of another embodiment of the present invention;

figure 4 is a schematic diagram of a structure of a perimeter-eye axial length uncoupled space charge in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.

The implementation, functional features and advantages of the objects of the present invention will be further explained with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Detailed Description

It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.

An embodiment of the present invention provides a tunnel smooth blasting method, and referring to fig. 1, fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of an embodiment of the tunnel smooth blasting method of the present invention.

In this embodiment, the tunnel smooth blasting method includes the following steps:

step S10: drilling a to-be-blasted area to form peripheral holes, undercut holes, auxiliary holes and bottom plate holes to be charged;

in this embodiment, the area to be blasted may be an area requiring drilling blasting, such as a railway, a road tunnel, or the like. And (3) carrying out investigation and measurement on the engineering geological conditions of the area to be blasted by constructors, carrying out drilling and blasting design on the area to be blasted according to the investigation and measurement results, and determining the positions of a plurality of peripheral holes, undercut holes, auxiliary holes, bottom plate holes and other blast holes which need to be drilled. And drilling in the area to be blasted according to the determined position of the blast hole, so as to open peripheral holes, cut holes, auxiliary holes and bottom plate holes to be charged. Optionally, in a specific embodiment, the area to be blasted is a tunnel, and a constructor may perform construction by using a full-section tunnel or step method, and perform drilling operation on the full-section tunnel and the steps to be blasted, so as to open peripheral holes, undercut holes, auxiliary holes, and floor holes to be charged.

The peripheral holes are blast holes which are arranged around the tunnel or the roadway and close to the rock wall, and the peripheral holes are used for forming the design section shape of the periphery of the tunnel or the roadway.

The cutting holes are arranged at the blast holes at the middle lower part of the working face, and the cutting holes are used for cutting out a slot cavity from the excavation face after detonation, so that a new blank face is formed, and the blasting effect of other blast holes is improved. Specifically, in one embodiment, the depth of the undercut hole is 15cm (unit: cm) to 20cm (unit: cm) deeper than the depth of the other blastholes

The auxiliary hole is a blast hole between the cut hole and the peripheral hole, and has the functions of expanding a slot cavity formed by blasting the cut hole and gradually transitioning into a preliminary shape of the section of the tunnel roadway, and the auxiliary hole close to the peripheral hole is called as a peripheral auxiliary hole to create favorable conditions for blasting the peripheral hole.

The bottom plate hole is a blast hole positioned at the upper bottom plate part of the peripheral outline of the tunnel, the bottom plate hole is controlled to be detonated at last, and the bottom plate hole is used for turning over slag and facilitating slag discharge.

Optionally, in a specific embodiment, according to the drilling and blasting design requirement, a constructor performs a drilling operation on a region to be blasted by using a drill with a diameter of Φ 42mm to form a peripheral hole, a cut hole, an auxiliary hole and a baseplate hole, wherein the drill hole has a diameter of Φ 48 mm.

Step S20: carrying out axial length uncoupled spaced charging on the peripheral holes;

in this embodiment, after drilling operation is performed on the to-be-blasted area to form the peripheral holes, the undercut holes, the auxiliary holes and the bottom plate holes to be charged, the constructor performs axial length uncoupled interval charging on the peripheral holes, and performs continuous charging on the undercut holes, the auxiliary holes and the bottom plate holes. Specifically, the non-coupling interval charging of the axial length of the peripheral hole refers to a charging method which divides the blasting object into a plurality of axial sections, and changes the contact relation between the blasting object and the peripheral hole through the interval medium, so that no crushing area or obviously reduced crushing area is generated around the blast hole during blasting. The spacing medium may be air or water. The spacing medium is also referred to as a cushion layer.

Optionally, before the constructor performs the axial length uncoupled interval charging on the peripheral eye, it is required to determine a first charging amount required by the peripheral eye, wherein the first charging amount is a peripheral eye charging concentration ratio. Specifically, the constructor acquires the arrangement parameters of the peripheral holes to be charged by combining the engineering geological conditions of the to-be-blasted area obtained through investigation and measurement, and calculates the first charging amount required for blasting the peripheral holes according to the arrangement parameters of the peripheral holes. The arrangement parameters of the peripheral eyes comprise the unit volume drug consumption of the peripheral eyes, the peripheral eye distance, the peripheral eye minimum resistance line and other parameters. Wherein the peripheral eye has a minimum resistance line, i.e., a peripheral eye flare thickness. Specifically, in an actual blasting test, the damage degree of the explosive charge of the peripheral holes on the forming machine surrounding rock of the blasted section profile is greatly influenced, and if the explosive charge of the peripheral holes is small, residual holes left after blasting are too long; and the loading in the peripheral eyes is large, so that the surrounding rock is seriously damaged after blasting, the local concave-convex degree is increased, and the blasting crack extends to the deep part of the surrounding rock. Optionally, the blasting effect played by the first explosive loading is that the core connecting surfaces of the blastholes can penetrate through during blasting to destroy the light explosion rock, and the blasthole wall and the surrounding rock cannot be damaged.

Specifically, after the first charging amount of the peripheral holes is determined, construction personnel obtain depth parameters of the peripheral holes to be charged by combining engineering geological conditions, and charging intervals corresponding to the peripheral holes are determined according to the depth parameters of the peripheral holes and drilling and blasting design requirements. Alternatively, the perimeter eye may have a charge spacing of 20cm to 65cm (unit: cm), in a specific embodiment the perimeter eye has a depth parameter of 3.5m (unit: m) and the perimeter eye has a charge spacing of 60cm (unit: cm).

After the charging interval of the peripheral holes is determined, the constructor conducts axial length uncoupled interval charging on the peripheral holes according to the first charging amount and the charging interval, wherein the interval between every two explosives in the peripheral holes is the preset charging interval length. In a specific embodiment, the charge spacing is 60cm, i.e. the spacing between each explosive of the peripheral eyes is 60 cm.

Step S30: continuously charging the cut hole, the auxiliary hole and the bottom plate hole;

specifically, in order to achieve the intended blasting effect designed by the drilling and blasting design, the constructor needs to continuously charge the cut hole, the auxiliary hole and the bottom plate hole. Specifically, constructors need to acquire arrangement parameters of the slotted holes, the auxiliary holes and the bottom plate holes to be charged, and second charge amounts of the slotted holes, the auxiliary holes and the bottom plate holes are determined according to the arrangement parameters of the slotted holes, the auxiliary holes and the bottom plate holes and the preset explosion effect of the drilling and blasting design. Wherein the arrangement parameters of the cutting holes comprise parameters such as unit volume medicine consumption of the cutting holes, cutting hole distance, minimum resistance line of the cutting holes and the like; the arrangement parameters of the auxiliary eyes comprise the unit volume medicine consumption of the auxiliary eyes, the auxiliary eye spacing, the minimum resistance line of the auxiliary eyes and the like. And after calculating and determining second explosive loads respectively corresponding to the cutting hole, the auxiliary hole and the bottom plate hole, the constructor correspondingly carries out continuous explosive loading on the cutting hole, the auxiliary hole and the bottom plate hole according to the second explosive loads.

Step S40: arranging a first detonating cord along the peripheral contour line of the area to be blasted, and connecting the first detonating cord with a second detonating cord of the orifice of the peripheral eye to form a peripheral eye detonating network;

in this embodiment, as shown in fig. 2 and 4, fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the peripheral-hole initiation network of the present invention (the rest of blastholes are not shown). Specifically, in order to ensure the safety of the charging process, in the present embodiment, when the constructor charges the peripheral hole, the constructor does not arrange the detonator 20 for initiation at the bottom of the peripheral hole, and the second detonating cord 50 connected to the first blasting substance 30 at the bottom of the hole is led out of the hole opening of the peripheral hole for a certain distance. After the constructor charges the surrounding holes and other blastholes, the connection processing of the charged surrounding holes is needed. Specifically, the constructor arranges a circle of first detonating cord 10 along the peripheral contour line of the region to be blasted, connects the first detonating cord 10 with the second detonating cords 50 led out from the orifices of the peripheral holes, and connects the first detonating cord 10 with the second detonating cords 50.

Optionally, in order to ensure that the first detonating cord 10 and the second detonating cord 50 in the peripheral eye detonating network can be detonated smoothly, the accident that the detonating cord cannot be detonated due to reverse connection refusal is avoided. The constructor arranges one or more detonators 20 at the starting point of the left wall foot, the terminal point of the right wall corner, the vault of the area to be blasted, the left arch of the area to be blasted and the right arch of the area to be blasted respectively, and uses an insulating tape to firmly bind the detonators 20 and the first detonating cord 10 according to the drilling and blasting design requirements to form a peripheral hole detonating network. Wherein the detonator 20 is a high-stage non-electric millisecond detonator.

Optionally, in a specific embodiment, the area to be blasted is a tunnel, and a constructor constructs a peripheral hole blasting network by using 5-9 sub-large-section non-electric millisecond detonators according to the drilling and blasting design requirement.

Optionally, a constructor sets a detonator 20 at the starting point of the left wall foot of the tunnel to be blasted, and ties the detonator 20 and the first detonating cord 10 firmly through an insulating tape according to the drilling and blasting design requirement.

Optionally, the constructor further sets a detonator 20 for detonation at the end point of the right wall foot of the tunnel to be blasted according to the drilling and blasting design requirement, and firmly ties the detonator 20 and the first detonating cord 10 through an insulating adhesive tape according to the drilling and blasting design requirement.

Optionally, the constructor further arranges a detonator 20 at the vault of the tunnel to be blasted according to the drilling and blasting design requirement, and ties the detonator 20 and the first detonating cord 10 firmly through an insulating tape according to the drilling and blasting design requirement.

Optionally, the constructor further arranges 1-3 detonators 20 at the left arch of the tunnel to be blasted according to the drilling and blasting design requirement, and firmly binds the detonators 20 and the first detonating cord 10 through an insulating adhesive tape according to the drilling and blasting design requirement.

Optionally, the constructor arranges 1-3 detonators 20 at the right side arch of the tunnel to be blasted according to the drilling and blasting design requirement, and binds the detonators 20 and the first detonating cord 10 firmly through an insulating adhesive tape according to the drilling and blasting design requirement.

Specifically, after the initiation operation instruction is responded, the secondary detonators 20 at the starting point of the left wall foot of the area to be detonated and the ending point of the right wall corner of the area to be detonated on the two sides of the peripheral contour line in the peripheral eye initiation network are initiated to provide bidirectional initiation energy for the first detonating cord 10, so that the condition that the detonating cord is refused to detonate due to reverse connection is avoided.

Step S50: and connecting the peripheral eye detonation network with a main detonation network, and controlling the main detonation network to detonate the cut hole, the auxiliary holes, the peripheral eyes and the baseplate eyes according to a preset detonation sequence so as to perform smooth blasting on the area to be blasted.

In this embodiment, after the constructor arranges the peripheral eye detonating network which can be used for dual detonating of the detonating fuse. The constructor sets up the initiation network of other continuous powder charge portholes in proper order according to boring and exploding the design requirement, and the initiation network of continuous powder charge porthole who constructs includes: a cut hole detonation network, an auxiliary hole detonation network and a bottom plate hole detonation network. And connecting the cut hole detonation network, the auxiliary hole detonation network and the bottom plate hole detonation network to form a total detonation network. And connecting the peripheral eye detonating network with the total detonating network.

Specifically, constructors correspondingly check the connection condition of each detonation network according to the drilling and blasting design requirements, perform safety check on each detonation network, control the main detonation network to detonate the cutting hole, the auxiliary holes, the peripheral holes and the baseplate holes according to the drilling and blasting design requirements after the failure is confirmed, so that smooth blasting is performed on the area to be blasted, and blasting holes in the same section are blasted in the same batch in the blasting process.

Specifically, in order to facilitate slag turning after blasting, construction personnel correspondingly set the detonation sequence among the detonation networks. Specifically, the detonation sequence is to detonate a slotted eye detonation network, an auxiliary eye detonation network, a peripheral eye detonation network and a bottom plate eye detonation network in sequence. And the bottom plate hole is controlled to be detonated finally according to the detonation sequence, so that slag turning treatment after blasting is facilitated, and a good blasting effect is achieved.

In the embodiment, the peripheral holes, the cutting holes, the auxiliary holes and the baseplate holes are arranged in the area to be blasted for blasting; respectively carrying out axial uncoupled interval charging on the peripheral holes, and continuously charging the slotted holes, the auxiliary holes and the bottom plate holes; and arranging a circle of first detonating cords 10 on the peripheral contour line of the area to be blasted, connecting the first detonating cords 10 with second detonating cords 50 led out from orifices of peripheral eyes to form a peripheral eye detonating network, connecting the peripheral eye detonating network with a main detonating network, controlling each detonating network to detonate according to a preset detonating sequence, so as to detonate the undercut hole, the auxiliary hole, the periphery and the bottom plate hole, and performing smooth blasting on the area to be blasted. Different from the traditional method that detonators are required to be arranged in the first blasting objects 30 at the bottoms of the peripheral holes for hole blasting, in the embodiment, the second detonating cord 50 led out of the peripheral holes and the first detonating cord 10 arranged on the peripheral contour line are connected and then high-section non-electric millisecond detonators are arranged, so that the detonators are prevented from being arranged in the peripheral hole charging process, the safety of the peripheral hole charging process is improved, the construction efficiency is further improved, and the construction progress is accelerated.

Further, referring to fig. 3, fig. 3 is a schematic flow chart of another embodiment of the tunnel smooth blasting method of the present application.

Based on the previous embodiment of the tunnel smooth blasting method, the present embodiment includes:

s21: binding a first explosive substance and the second detonating cord, and loading the first explosive substance and the detonating cord into the bottom of the peripheral hole by using a gun stick;

s22: and marking the charging intervals on the gun rod, and sequentially loading the second blasting objects into the peripheral holes according to the charging intervals by using the gun rod so that the second blasting objects sequentially drop on the second detonating cords in the peripheral holes according to the charging intervals.

In this embodiment, after determining the first charge amount and the charge interval required by a single peripheral hole, the constructor divides the explosive into a first explosive 30 and a second explosive 40, wherein the first explosive 30 and the second explosive 40 are explosives with the same specification and different charge amounts. In one embodiment, the blasting substances used by the constructors are 32mm specification explosives due to the restriction of the small diameter specification explosive control requirements, wherein the first blasting substance 30 is a section of 32mm specification explosives; the second explosive 40 may be half a section of 32mm specification explosive. Specifically, during the axial decoupling of the peripheral holes from the spaced charges, one first explosive 30 and a plurality of second explosives 40 can be disposed in each peripheral hole, and the first explosive 30 is disposed at the bottom of the peripheral hole. Optionally, the constructor may also set the explosive amount of the second explosive 40 according to the actual blasting requirement, which is not limited in this embodiment.

Specifically, the constructor determines the explosive quantity of the second explosive 40 according to the actual blasting requirement, and the second explosive 40 is half section of explosive with the specification of phi 32 mm. After determining that the explosive quantity of the second explosive 40 is half section of explosive with the specification of phi 32mm, a constructor cuts the whole section of explosive with the specification of phi 32mm into 2 equivalent sections, thereby obtaining 2 sections of second explosive 40. The constructor correspondingly cuts and obtains the required number of the second blasting objects 40 according to the number of the peripheral holes.

Specifically, after the constructor uses the insulating tape to bind the first blasting object 30 and the second blasting object 50, and confirms that the first blasting object 30 and the second blasting object 50 are firmly bound, the constructor uses the gun stick to send the bound first blasting object 30 into the bottom wall of the hole bottom of the peripheral hole, and the second blasting object 50 bound with the first blasting object 30 penetrates through the hole bottom to the hole opening, and leads out a reserved distance from the hole opening of the peripheral hole. In a specific embodiment, the used gun stick is a wooden gun stick, and scales are arranged on the wooden gun stick; the reserved distance of the first detonating cord 10 is 30 cm-50 cm (unit: cm).

The constructor determines the number of second blasting agents 40 required for blasting the peripheral eyes according to the charging amount of the peripheral eyes, and optionally, in a specific embodiment, the number of the second blasting agents 40 required for blasting the peripheral eyes is 4. After determining the number of the second blasting objects 40 required for blasting the peripheral holes, the constructor loads the second blasting objects 40 into the peripheral holes in sequence by using a gun. Specifically, the constructor marks the charging intervals on the gun rods according to the acquired charging intervals of the peripheral holes, determines the pushing distance of each second explosive 40, determines the drilling and blasting design determining positions of the second explosive 40 in the peripheral holes according to the marked charging intervals, uses the gun rods, sequentially pushes the second explosive 40 into the drilling and blasting design determining positions in the peripheral holes at intervals according to the marked charging intervals on the gun rods, and enables the second explosive 40 to naturally fall on the second detonating cord 50, so that the second explosive 40 can be detonated through the second detonating cord 50 in the subsequent blasting process.

Alternatively, referring to fig. 4, fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a perimeter-eye axially uncoupled space charge configuration. After the constructor pushes the second blasting objects 40 into the peripheral holes in sequence, stemming is carried out on the holes by using stemming 60, so that a peripheral hole axial uncoupled interval charging structure is formed, and uncoupled interval charging on the peripheral hole axial length is completed. Alternatively, in one embodiment, the stemming 60 used is 25cm long stemming.

In the embodiment, after the first blasting object 30 and the second blasting cord 50 are bound and fixed, the first blasting object 30 is sent into the bottom wall of the hole bottom of the peripheral hole to be charged through a gun stick, so that the second blasting cord 50 bound with the first blasting object 30 penetrates from the hole bottom to the hole opening, a reserved distance is led out from the hole opening of the peripheral hole, and the second blasting cord 50 is conveniently connected with the second blasting cord 50 subsequently to form a peripheral hole blasting network; the constructor also marks the explosive loading interval on the gun rod according to the explosive loading amount and the explosive loading interval of the peripheral holes so as to determine the pushing distance of the second explosive 40, uses the gun rod to sequentially send the second explosive 40 into the peripheral drilling and blasting design determination position according to the marked explosive loading interval, and uses the stemming 60 to block the orifices of the peripheral holes after the second explosive 40 is installed, so as to form an axial length uncoupled interval explosive loading structure of the peripheral holes and complete the uncoupled interval explosive loading of the axial length of the peripheral holes. The method has the advantages that the bottleneck of the traditional technology is broken through, the axial length non-coupling interval charging of the peripheral holes is completed under the condition that the supporting rod pieces are not used for fixing the interval charging, the diameter of the expanded drill hole is reduced, the charging cost can be saved, the expected target of smooth blasting of the area to be blasted is realized, the detonators are not pre-installed in the first blasting objects 30 at the bottoms of the peripheral holes, the safety performance is good during the charging of the peripheral holes, and the construction efficiency is high.

It should be noted that, in this document, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or system that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or system. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising an … …" does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in a process, method, article, or system that comprises the element.

The above-mentioned serial numbers of the embodiments of the present invention are merely for description and do not represent the merits of the embodiments.

The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and all modifications of equivalent structures and equivalent processes, which are made by using the contents of the present specification and the accompanying drawings, or directly or indirectly applied to other related technical fields, are included in the scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A tunnel smooth blasting method is characterized by comprising the following steps:

drilling a to-be-blasted area to form peripheral holes, undercut holes, auxiliary holes and bottom plate holes to be charged;

carrying out axial length uncoupled spaced charging on the peripheral holes;

continuously charging the cut hole, the auxiliary hole and the bottom plate hole;

arranging a first detonating cord along the peripheral contour line of the area to be blasted, and connecting the first detonating cord with a second detonating cord of the orifice of the peripheral eye to form a peripheral eye detonating network;

and connecting the peripheral eye detonation network with a main detonation network, and controlling the main detonation network to detonate the cut hole, the auxiliary holes, the peripheral eyes and the baseplate eyes according to a preset detonation sequence so as to perform smooth blasting on the area to be blasted.

2. The method of tunneling smooth blasting according to claim 1, wherein said step of axially uncoupled length spacer charges applied to said perimeter holes is preceded by the step of:

acquiring arrangement parameters of the peripheral holes to be charged by combining engineering geological conditions, and determining a first charge amount corresponding to the peripheral holes to be charged according to the arrangement parameters of the peripheral holes to be charged;

said step of axially length decoupling the perimeter eye comprises:

and carrying out axial length uncoupled interval charging on the peripheral eyes according to the first charging amount.

3. The method of tunnel smoothing blasting of claim 1, wherein said step of continuously charging said cut out eye, said auxiliary eye and said floor eye is preceded by the step of:

acquiring arrangement parameters of the undermining holes, the auxiliary holes and the bottom plate holes for loading the powder by combining the engineering geological conditions, and determining second loading quantities corresponding to the undermining holes, the auxiliary holes and the bottom plate holes according to the arrangement parameters of the undermining holes, the auxiliary holes and the bottom plate holes for loading the powder;

the step of continuously charging the undercut eye, the auxiliary eye and the floor eye comprises:

and continuously charging the cut hole, the auxiliary hole and the bottom plate hole according to the second charging amount.

4. The method of tunnel smoothing blasting of claim 2, wherein said step of axially length uncoupled spacer charges applied to said perimeter eye is preceded by the step of:

acquiring depth parameters of the peripheral holes to be charged by combining the engineering geological conditions, and determining charging intervals corresponding to the peripheral holes according to the depth parameters of the peripheral holes;

said step of axially length decoupling the perimeter eye comprises:

spacing charges in the axial length of the peripheral eye according to the charge spacing.

5. The method of tunnel smoothing blasting of claim 4, wherein said step of axially length decoupling a space charge to said perimeter eye comprises:

binding a first explosive substance and the second detonating cord, and loading the first explosive substance and the detonating cord into the bottom of the peripheral hole by using a gun stick;

and marking the charging intervals on the gun rod, and sequentially loading the second blasting objects into the peripheral holes according to the charging intervals by using the gun rod so that the second blasting objects sequentially drop on the second detonating cords in the peripheral holes according to the charging intervals.

6. The method of tunnel smoothing blasting of claim 5, wherein said step of axially length decoupling a spacer charge to said perimeter eye is followed by the step of:

stemming an orifice of the perimeter hole with stemming to form a perimeter hole axial length uncoupled space charge structure.

7. The method of tunnel smooth blasting according to claim 1, wherein said step of arranging a first detonating cord along a peripheral outline of said area to be blasted and connecting said first detonating cord with a second detonating cord of said peripheral eye orifice to form a peripheral eye detonating network comprises:

and respectively arranging one or more detonators at the starting point of the left wall foot, the terminal point of the right wall corner, the vault of the area to be blasted, the left arch of the area to be blasted and the right arch of the area to be blasted so as to provide bidirectional blasting energy for the first detonating cord during blasting.

8. The method of tunnel smooth blasting according to claim 7, wherein said step of arranging a first detonating cord along a peripheral outline of said area to be blasted and connecting said first detonating cord with a second detonating cord of said peripheral eye orifice to form a peripheral eye detonating network comprises:

and bundling and connecting the detonator and the first detonating cord through an insulating adhesive tape to form the peripheral eye detonating network.

9. The tunnel smooth blasting method according to claim 1, wherein the total initiation network includes a cut eye initiation network, an auxiliary eye initiation network, and a floor eye initiation network.

10. The method for smooth blasting of a tunnel according to claim 9, wherein said connecting said peripheral eye blasting network with a main blasting network, said controlling said main blasting network to detonate said undercut eye, said auxiliary eye, said peripheral eye and said floor eye according to a preset detonation sequence to smooth blast said area to be blasted comprises:

and responding to a detonation operation instruction, controlling a main detonation network to sequentially detonate blasting objects in the cutting hole, the auxiliary holes, the peripheral holes and the bottom plate holes according to the sequential detonation of the cutting hole detonation network, the auxiliary hole detonation network, the peripheral hole detonation network and the bottom plate hole detonation network, so that smooth blasting is carried out on the area to be blasted.

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