CN112880119A - Air conditioner control method and device, storage medium and air conditioner - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides an air conditioner control method, an air conditioner control device, a storage medium and an air conditioner, wherein the method comprises the following steps: detecting whether an object moves in a room within a preset sleep time period; if detecting that an object moves, acquiring a current image of a user in a room; determining whether the user has a night phenomenon according to the acquired current image of the user; if the user is determined to have the night phenomenon, acquiring the current physiological parameters of the user and the current environmental parameters of the room where the user is located; and adjusting the air conditioner control parameters according to the current physiological parameters and the current environmental parameters of the room. The scheme provided by the invention can automatically adjust the room environment to achieve the sleep-aiding effect when the user is identified to be in the night, so that the user can quickly enter the sleep state again.

Description

Air conditioner control method and device, storage medium and air conditioner

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of control, in particular to an air conditioner control method and device, a storage medium and an air conditioner.

Background

With the popularization of air conditioners, the air conditioners become essential for most people to live and guard people at every hot night, however, the air conditioners are not intelligent enough, and have only monotonous basic functions of refrigeration, heating, voice control and the like, and are not enough to be called as intelligent home equipment.

Disclosure of Invention

The present invention is directed to overcome the above-mentioned drawbacks of the prior art, and provides an air conditioner control method, an air conditioner control device, a storage medium, and an air conditioner, so as to solve the problem that the air conditioner in the prior art is not intelligent enough.

One aspect of the present invention provides an air conditioner control method, including: detecting whether an object moves in a room within a preset sleep time period; if detecting that an object moves, acquiring a current image of a user in a room; determining whether the user has a night phenomenon according to the acquired current image of the user; if the user is determined to have the night phenomenon, acquiring the current physiological parameters of the user and the current environmental parameters of the room where the user is located; and adjusting the air conditioner control parameters according to the current physiological parameters and the current environmental parameters of the room.

Optionally, the method further comprises: and if the user is determined to have the night rise phenomenon, playing preset white noise.

Optionally, determining whether the user has a night phenomenon according to the obtained current image of the user includes: identifying a portrait in the image through a portrait identification algorithm; identifying whether the portrait moves or not through a moving object identification algorithm; and if the human image motion is recognized, determining that the user has a night phenomenon.

Optionally, the physiological parameter includes: body temperature and/or heart rate; and/or the environmental parameters, including: temperature and/or humidity.

Another aspect of the present invention provides an air conditioning control apparatus, including: the detection unit is used for detecting whether an object moves in a room in a preset sleep time period; the first acquisition unit is used for acquiring a current image of a user in a room if the detection unit detects that an object moves; the determining unit is used for determining whether the user has a night phenomenon according to the current image of the user acquired by the first acquiring unit; the second obtaining unit is used for obtaining the current physiological parameters of the user and the current environmental parameters of the room if the determining unit determines that the user has the night phenomenon; and the adjusting unit is used for adjusting the air conditioner control parameters according to the current physiological parameters and the current environmental parameters of the room, which are acquired by the second acquiring unit.

Optionally, the method further comprises: and the playing unit is used for playing preset white noise if the determining unit determines that the user has the night rise phenomenon.

Optionally, the determining unit, configured to determine whether the user has a night phenomenon according to the obtained current image of the user, includes: identifying a portrait in the image through a portrait identification algorithm; identifying whether the portrait moves or not through a moving object identification algorithm; and if the human image motion is recognized, determining that the user has a night phenomenon.

Optionally, the physiological parameter includes: body temperature and/or heart rate; and/or the environmental parameters, including: temperature and/or humidity.

A further aspect of the invention provides a storage medium having stored thereon a computer program which, when executed by a processor, carries out the steps of any of the methods described above.

Yet another aspect of the present invention provides an air conditioner comprising a processor, a memory, and a computer program stored on the memory and operable on the processor, wherein the processor implements the steps of any of the methods described above when executing the program.

In another aspect, the invention provides an air conditioner, which comprises the air conditioner control device.

According to the technical scheme of the invention, whether the user starts up at night can be intelligently identified, and the room environment is automatically adjusted to achieve the sleep-aiding effect when the user starts up at night; the physiological parameters of the user and the room environment parameters are obtained, so that the temperature and the humidity of the environment in the room are automatically adjusted, white noises such as rain and the like can be broadcasted to achieve the effect of assisting sleep when the user is identified to get up at night, and the user can quickly get into a sleep state again.

Drawings

The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the invention and not to limit the invention. In the drawings:

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of an air conditioner control method according to the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an air conditioner control method according to another embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a block diagram of an air conditioning system according to the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a method for controlling an air conditioner according to the present invention;

fig. 5 is a block diagram of an embodiment of an air conditioning control apparatus according to the present invention;

fig. 6 is a block diagram of another embodiment of the air conditioning control apparatus according to the present invention.

Detailed Description

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the specific embodiments of the present invention and the accompanying drawings. It is to be understood that the described embodiments are merely exemplary of the invention, and not restrictive of the full scope of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

It should be noted that the terms "first," "second," and the like in the description and claims of the present invention and in the drawings described above are used for distinguishing between similar elements and not necessarily for describing a particular sequential or chronological order. It is to be understood that the data so used is interchangeable under appropriate circumstances such that the embodiments of the invention described herein are capable of operation in sequences other than those illustrated or described herein. Furthermore, the terms "comprises," "comprising," and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, system, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of steps or elements is not necessarily limited to those steps or elements expressly listed, but may include other steps or elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.

As a guardian at a hot night, the air conditioner does not have an intelligent sleep-assisting function, and a user often has difficulty in falling asleep again due to dry and hot weather after getting up at night.

Fig. 1 is a schematic method diagram of an embodiment of an air conditioner control method provided by the present invention.

As shown in fig. 1, according to an embodiment of the present invention, the air conditioner control method includes at least step S110, step S120, step S130, step S140, and step S150.

Step S110, detecting whether an object is moving in a room in a preset sleep time period. Specifically, an infrared monitoring module, such as an infrared sensor, may be disposed on the air conditioner to monitor whether an object is moving in a room during a sleep period.

Step S120, if it is detected that an object is moving, acquiring a current image of the user in the room.

For example, the air conditioner is provided with a camera, and if the infrared sensor monitors that an object is moving in a room, the camera is awakened to acquire a current image of a user.

Step S130, determining whether the user has a night phenomenon according to the acquired current image of the user.

After the current image of the user is acquired, whether the user has a night phenomenon is determined according to the acquired image. The overnight appearance may specifically comprise the user waking from a sleep state and performing an activity. In some embodiments, a portrait in the image is identified by a portrait identification algorithm; identifying whether the portrait moves or not through a moving object identification algorithm; and if the human image motion is recognized, determining that the user has a night phenomenon. The basic principle of the portrait recognition algorithm is to perform deep learning modeling on a portrait to obtain a human figure model, and compare feature points extracted from a picture acquired by a camera with the portrait model to judge whether the picture has the portrait. The basic principle of the moving object identification algorithm is to compare whether the gray levels of adjacent images in an image sequence are changed, and the gray levels of the images of the moving objects are different, so that whether a user moves or not, namely whether the user has a night phenomenon or not can be identified. For example, the steps of the above embodiments may be executed by the image analysis module to analyze whether the user has a night phenomenon. The image analysis module is realized by an operation chip and the like arranged in the air conditioner.

Step S140, if the user is determined to have the night phenomenon, the current physiological parameters of the user and the current environmental parameters of the room are obtained.

Optionally, the physiological parameter comprises, for example, body temperature and/or heart rate. For example, the current body temperature of the user may be detected by an infrared sensor. Optionally, the environmental parameter comprises, for example, temperature and/or humidity. For example, the current environmental parameters of the room are detected by the environment monitoring module, such as the current temperature and/or humidity of the room detected by the temperature and humidity sensor.

And S150, adjusting the air conditioner control parameters according to the current physiological parameters and the current environmental parameters of the room.

In a specific embodiment, the current physiological parameters and the current environmental parameters of the room are input into a pre-trained neural network model, and the matched sleep environmental parameters are output. And adjusting the control parameters of the air conditioner according to the sleeping environment parameters, namely adjusting the main control parameters of the air conditioner to be the same as the sleeping environment parameters.

Specifically, physiological parameters of different users in a sleep state, environmental parameters of a room where the users are located and corresponding sleep environment parameters are collected in advance, and the sleep environment parameters specifically include temperature and/or humidity which the users feel comfortable when sleeping. The method comprises the steps of inputting physiological parameters of different users in a sleeping state, environment parameters of rooms where the users are located and corresponding sleeping environment parameters into a neural network to conduct neural network model training to obtain corresponding neural network models, wherein the input parameters of the models are the physiological parameters of the users and the environment parameters of the rooms where the users are located, and the output parameters are the sleeping environment parameters matched with the input physiological parameters of the users and the environment parameters of the rooms where the users are located, namely, the temperature and/or the humidity which enable the users to feel comfortable during sleeping.

For example, the infrared sensor detects the body temperature and the heart rate of a user and sends the body temperature and the heart rate to the sleep-assisting analysis module, the environment monitoring module detects the environment temperature and the environment humidity in a room through the temperature and humidity sensors and sends the environment temperature and the environment humidity to the sleep-assisting analysis module, the sleep-assisting analysis module receives the information, analyzes the optimal sleep environment parameters and sends the optimal sleep environment parameters to the air-conditioning control module, the control module automatically adjusts the air-conditioning control parameters according to the sleep environment parameters, the environment parameters in the room meet the optimal sleep environment parameters, the sleep environment is more comfortable, and the user is helped to fall asleep as. The sleep-assisting analysis module can be realized by an operation chip and the like arranged in the air conditioner.

In another specific embodiment, whether the body temperature of the user is within a preset body temperature range is judged, if the body temperature of the user is not within the preset body temperature range, the current temperature of a room where the user is located is adjusted according to the body temperature of the user, and/or whether the current humidity of the room is within a preset humidity range is judged, and if the current humidity of the room is not within the preset humidity range, the humidity of the room is adjusted according to the preset humidity range.

For example, the body surface temperature of the human head has a constant range value, and if the body surface temperature of the head is detected to be in a critical value of the range value or fall out of the range value, the current environment temperature of the room is dynamically adjusted. For example, if the user's body temperature is high, the room temperature is lowered, and if the user's body temperature is low, the room temperature is raised.

For example, there is a most comfortable ambient humidity range (a preset humidity range) for people, and the humidity of the environment is dynamically adjusted according to the most comfortable ambient humidity range.

Fig. 2 is a method schematic diagram of another embodiment of the air conditioner control method provided by the invention.

As shown in fig. 2, according to another embodiment of the present invention, the air conditioning control method further includes step S160.

Step S160, if it is determined that the user has a night-up phenomenon, playing a preset white noise.

Specifically, if it is determined that the user has a night rise phenomenon, white noise with a sleep-aiding effect is played through the voice module. White noise means that the power of frequency components in a piece of sound is relatively uniform across the audible range. For example, rain, water, bird sounds are white noises, and white noises have the effects of weakening other noises, alleviating insomnia, concentrating attention, and the like, and particularly, white noises have the effect of helping sleep. Therefore, the user can quickly enter the sleep again after getting up to night by playing the white noise.

For clearly explaining the technical solution of the present invention, the following describes an execution flow of the air conditioner control method provided by the present invention with a specific embodiment.

Fig. 3 is a block diagram of an air conditioning system according to the present invention. The air conditioning system of the present invention has modules including: the infrared image monitoring module comprises a camera, an infrared sensor and the like; the environment monitoring module comprises temperature and humidity sensors and the like; a control module; the voice module comprises a loudspeaker, a microphone and the like; a communication module; the image analysis module is realized by an operation chip and the like arranged in the air conditioner; and the sleep-assisting analysis module is realized by a built-in operation chip of the air conditioner and the like.

Fig. 4 is a schematic method diagram of an embodiment of an air conditioner control method according to the present invention. As shown in fig. 4, the air conditioner monitors whether an object is moving in a room through the infrared sensor, if so, the camera is awakened to acquire an image of a user, the image is sent to the image analysis module to analyze whether a night rise phenomenon occurs in the user, if so, the infrared sensor acquires the body surface temperature and the heart rate of the user and sends the body surface temperature and the heart rate to the sleep-assisting analysis module, the environment monitoring module acquires the ambient temperature and the humidity in the room through the temperature and humidity sensors and sends the ambient temperature and the humidity to the sleep-assisting analysis module, the sleep-assisting analysis module receives the information, analyzes the optimal sleep environment parameters and sends the optimal sleep environment parameters to the air conditioner control module, the air conditioner control module automatically adjusts the parameters such as the ambient temperature in the room according to the parameters, and the voice module plays white noise with a sleep-assisting effect.

Fig. 5 is a block diagram of an embodiment of an air conditioning control apparatus according to the present invention. As shown in fig. 5, the airconditioning control apparatus 100 includes: a detection unit 110, a first acquisition unit 120, a determination unit 130, a second acquisition unit 140, and anadjustment unit 150.

The detecting unit 110 is used for detecting whether an object is moving in a room during a preset sleep time period. Specifically, an infrared monitoring module, such as an infrared sensor, may be disposed on the air conditioner to monitor whether an object is moving in a room during a sleep period.

The first obtaining unit 120 is configured to obtain a current image of a user in a room if the detecting unit 110 detects that an object is moving.

For example, the air conditioner is provided with a camera, and if the infrared sensor monitors that an object is moving in a room, the camera is awakened to acquire a current image of a user.

The determining unit 130 is configured to determine whether the user has a night phenomenon according to the current image of the user acquired by the first acquiring unit 120.

After the first acquiring unit 120 acquires the current image of the user, the determining unit 130 determines whether the user has a night phenomenon according to the acquired image. The overnight appearance may specifically comprise the user waking from a sleep state and performing an activity. In some embodiments, the determining unit 130 identifies a portrait in the image through a portrait identification algorithm; identifying whether the portrait moves or not through a moving object identification algorithm; and if the human image motion is recognized, determining that the user has a night phenomenon. The basic principle of the portrait recognition algorithm is to perform deep learning modeling on a portrait to obtain a human figure model, and compare feature points extracted from a picture acquired by a camera with the portrait model to judge whether the picture has the portrait. The basic principle of the moving object identification algorithm is to compare whether the gray levels of adjacent images in an image sequence are changed, and the gray levels of the images of the moving objects are different, so that whether a user moves or not, namely whether the user has a night phenomenon or not can be identified. For example, the steps of the above embodiments may be executed by the image analysis module to analyze whether the user has a night phenomenon. The image analysis module is realized by an operation chip and the like arranged in the air conditioner.

The second obtaining unit 140 is configured to obtain a current physiological parameter of the user and a current environmental parameter of a room where the user is located if the determining unit determines that the user has a night phenomenon;

optionally, the physiological parameter comprises, for example, body temperature and/or heart rate. For example, the second acquisition unit 140 may detect the current body temperature of the user through an infrared sensor. Optionally, the environmental parameter comprises, for example, temperature and/or humidity. For example, the current environmental parameters of the room in which the second acquiring unit 140 is located are detected by an environment monitoring module, for example, the current temperature and/or humidity of the room in which the second acquiring unit is located is detected by a temperature and humidity sensor.

The adjustingunit 150 is configured to adjust the air conditioner control parameter according to the current physiological parameter and the current environmental parameter of the room, which are acquired by the second acquiring unit.

In a specific embodiment, the current physiological parameters and the current environmental parameters of the room are input into a pre-trained neural network model, and the matched sleep environmental parameters are output.

And adjusting the control parameters of the air conditioner according to the sleeping environment parameters, namely adjusting the main control parameters of the air conditioner to be the same as the sleeping environment parameters. Specifically, physiological parameters of different users in a sleep state, environmental parameters of a room where the users are located and corresponding sleep environment parameters are collected in advance, and the sleep environment parameters specifically include temperature and/or humidity which the users feel comfortable when sleeping. The method comprises the steps of inputting physiological parameters of different users in a sleeping state, environment parameters of rooms where the users are located and corresponding sleeping environment parameters into a neural network to conduct neural network model training to obtain corresponding neural network models, wherein the input parameters of the models are the physiological parameters of the users and the environment parameters of the rooms where the users are located, and the output parameters are the sleeping environment parameters matched with the input physiological parameters of the users and the environment parameters of the rooms where the users are located, so that the users can feel comfortable temperature and/or humidity when sleeping.

For example, the infrared sensor detects the body temperature and the heart rate of a user and sends the body temperature and the heart rate to the sleep-assisting analysis module, the environment monitoring module detects the environment temperature and the environment humidity in a room through the temperature and humidity sensors and sends the environment temperature and the environment humidity to the sleep-assisting analysis module, the sleep-assisting analysis module receives the information, analyzes the optimal sleep environment parameters and sends the optimal sleep environment parameters to the air-conditioning control module, the control module automatically adjusts the air-conditioning control parameters according to the sleep environment parameters, the environment parameters in the room meet the optimal sleep environment parameters, the sleep environment is more comfortable, and the user is helped to fall asleep as. The sleep-assisting analysis module can be realized by an operation chip and the like arranged in the air conditioner.

In another specific embodiment, whether the body temperature of the user is within a preset body temperature range is judged, if the body temperature of the user is not within the preset body temperature range, the current temperature of a room where the user is located is adjusted according to the body temperature of the user, and/or whether the current humidity of the room is within a preset humidity range is judged, and if the current humidity of the room is not within the preset humidity range, the humidity of the room is adjusted according to the preset humidity range.

For example, the body surface temperature of the human head has a constant range value, and if the body surface temperature of the head is detected to be in a critical value of the range value or fall out of the range value, the current environment temperature of the room is dynamically adjusted. For example, if the user's body temperature is high, the room temperature is lowered, and if the user's body temperature is low, the room temperature is raised.

For example, there is a most comfortable ambient humidity range (a preset humidity range) for people, and the humidity of the environment is dynamically adjusted according to the most comfortable ambient humidity range.

Fig. 6 is a block diagram of another embodiment of the air conditioning control apparatus according to the present invention. As shown in fig. 6, the airconditioning control device 100 further includes aplay unit 160.

Theplaying unit 160 is configured to play a preset white noise if the determining unit 130 determines that the user has a night-up phenomenon.

Specifically, if it is determined that the user has a night rise phenomenon, white noise with a sleep-aiding effect is played through the voice module. White noise means that the power of frequency components in a piece of sound is relatively uniform across the audible range. For example, rain, water, bird sounds are white noises, and white noises have the effects of weakening other noises, alleviating insomnia, concentrating attention, and the like, and particularly, white noises have the effect of helping sleep. Therefore, the user can quickly enter the sleep again after getting up to night by playing the white noise.

The present invention also provides a storage medium corresponding to the air conditioning control method, having a computer program stored thereon, which when executed by a processor, performs the steps of any of the aforementioned methods.

The invention also provides an air conditioner corresponding to the air conditioner control method, which comprises a processor, a memory and a computer program which is stored on the memory and can run on the processor, wherein the processor realizes the steps of any one of the methods when executing the program.

The invention also provides an air conditioner corresponding to the air conditioner control device, which comprises the air conditioner control device.

Therefore, the scheme provided by the invention can intelligently identify whether the user starts up at night or not, and automatically adjust the room environment to achieve the sleep-aiding effect when identifying that the user starts up at night; the physiological parameters of the user and the room environment parameters are obtained, so that the temperature and the humidity of the environment in the room are automatically adjusted, white noises such as rain and the like can be broadcasted to achieve the effect of assisting sleep when the user is identified to get up at night, and the user can quickly get into a sleep state again.

The functions described herein may be implemented in hardware, software executed by a processor, firmware, or any combination thereof. If implemented in software executed by a processor, the functions may be stored on or transmitted over as one or more instructions or code on a computer-readable medium. Other examples and implementations are within the scope and spirit of the invention and the following claims. For example, due to the nature of software, the functions described above may be implemented using software executed by a processor, hardware, firmware, hardwired, or a combination of any of these. In addition, each functional unit may be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit may exist alone physically, or two or more units are integrated into one unit.

In the embodiments provided in the present application, it should be understood that the disclosed technology can be implemented in other ways. The above-described embodiments of the apparatus are merely illustrative, and for example, the division of the units may be a logical division, and in actual implementation, there may be another division, for example, multiple units or components may be combined or integrated into another system, or some features may be omitted, or not executed. In addition, the shown or discussed mutual coupling or direct coupling or communication connection may be an indirect coupling or communication connection through some interfaces, units or modules, and may be in an electrical or other form.

The units described as separate parts may or may not be physically separate, and the parts serving as the control device may or may not be physical units, may be located in one place, or may be distributed on a plurality of units. Some or all of the units can be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution of the embodiment.

The integrated unit, if implemented in the form of a software functional unit and sold or used as a stand-alone product, may be stored in a computer readable storage medium. Based on such understanding, the technical solution of the present invention may be embodied in the form of a software product, which is stored in a storage medium and includes instructions for causing a computer device (which may be a personal computer, a server, or a network device) to execute all or part of the steps of the method according to the embodiments of the present invention. And the aforementioned storage medium includes: a U-disk, a Read-Only Memory (ROM), a Random Access Memory (RAM), a removable hard disk, a magnetic or optical disk, and other various media capable of storing program codes.

The above description is only an example of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention, and it is obvious to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made in the present invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. An air conditioner control method, comprising:

detecting whether an object moves in a room within a preset sleep time period;

if detecting that an object moves, acquiring a current image of a user in a room;

determining whether the user has a night phenomenon according to the acquired current image of the user;

if the user is determined to have the night phenomenon, acquiring the current physiological parameters of the user and the current environmental parameters of the room where the user is located;

and adjusting the air conditioner control parameters according to the current physiological parameters and the current environmental parameters of the room.

2. The method of claim 1, further comprising: and if the user is determined to have the night rise phenomenon, playing preset white noise.

3. The method of claim 1 or 2, wherein determining whether the user is overnight from acquiring the current image of the user comprises:

identifying a portrait in the image through a portrait identification algorithm;

identifying whether the portrait moves or not through a moving object identification algorithm;

and if the human image motion is recognized, determining that the user has a night phenomenon.

4. The method of claim 1 or 2, wherein the physiological parameter comprises: body temperature and/or heart rate; and/or the environmental parameters, including: temperature and/or humidity.

5. An air conditioning control device, characterized by comprising:

the detection unit is used for detecting whether an object moves in a room in a preset sleep time period;

the first acquisition unit is used for acquiring a current image of a user in a room if the detection unit detects that an object moves;

the determining unit is used for determining whether the user has a night phenomenon according to the current image of the user acquired by the first acquiring unit;

the second obtaining unit is used for obtaining the current physiological parameters of the user and the current environmental parameters of the room if the determining unit determines that the user has the night phenomenon;

and the adjusting unit is used for adjusting the air conditioner control parameters according to the current physiological parameters and the current environmental parameters of the room, which are acquired by the second acquiring unit.

6. The apparatus of claim 5, further comprising: and the playing unit is used for playing preset white noise if the determining unit determines that the user has the night rise phenomenon.

7. The apparatus according to claim 5 or 6, wherein the determining unit determines whether the user has a night phenomenon according to the current image of the user, comprising:

identifying a portrait in the image through a portrait identification algorithm;

identifying whether the portrait moves or not through a moving object identification algorithm;

and if the human image motion is recognized, determining that the user has a night phenomenon.

8. The apparatus of claim 5 or 6, wherein the physiological parameter comprises: body temperature and/or heart rate; and/or the environmental parameters, including: temperature and/or humidity.

9. A storage medium, having stored thereon a computer program which, when being executed by a processor, carries out the steps of the method of any one of claims 1 to 4.

10. An air conditioner comprising a processor, a memory, and a computer program stored on the memory and operable on the processor, the processor implementing the steps of the method of any one of claims 1 to 4 when executing the program, or comprising the air conditioning control apparatus of any one of claims 5 to 8.

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