CN112850833A - Seawater desalination equipment - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a seawater desalination device, and belongs to the technical field of seawater desalination. The self-condensation evaporation system is designed to quickly cool the water vapor, so that fresh water can be collected conveniently; meanwhile, a condenser is not required to be additionally and independently arranged, so that the equipment cost is greatly reduced. In addition, the heat discharged in the process of condensing the water vapor can be absorbed by the seawater in the evaporation device for evaporation and desalination, so that the seawater desalination efficiency is greatly improved. Compared with the prior art, the seawater desalination equipment provided by the invention has higher resource utilization rate and seawater desalination efficiency; meanwhile, the structure is simple, the cost is low, and the popularization is convenient.

Description

Seawater desalination equipment

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of seawater desalination, and particularly relates to seawater desalination equipment.

Background

China has long coastline, and some islands, coastal saline-alkali areas and inland bitter regions are lack of fresh water. Seriously affecting the health of local masses and restricting the local economic development.

In order to solve the problems, the common practice at present is to adopt a cross-regional water diversion or a seawater desalination mode to solve the problems. The water diversion engineering quantity across the region is huge. The seawater desalination mainly comprises a distillation method, an ion exchange method, a dialysis method, a reverse osmosis membrane method, a freezing method and the like. Among them, the most common method for desalinating seawater is distillation.

In the process of desalting seawater by a distillation method, water in the seawater is evaporated at high temperature and then is condensed to form fresh water. Since the water vapor is not easy to collect and store, the water vapor needs to be rapidly cooled to be condensed into water drops for collection. In the prior art, in order to collect fresh water quickly, a condenser is usually additionally arranged to condense high-temperature water vapor. The mode not only increases the equipment input cost, but also can discharge a large amount of heat in the condensation process of the high-temperature water vapor, and the part of heat is completely lost, thereby causing energy waste.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention provides solar heat collection type seawater desalination equipment, which is convenient for collecting fresh water by designing a self-condensation evaporation system to rapidly cool water vapor; meanwhile, a condenser is not required to be additionally and independently arranged, so that the equipment cost is greatly reduced. In addition, the heat discharged in the process of condensing the water vapor can be absorbed by the seawater in the evaporation device for evaporation and desalination, so that the seawater desalination efficiency is greatly improved.

In order to achieve the purpose, the following scheme is provided:

a seawater desalination plant comprising: the device comprises a storage device, an evaporation device, a condensation device and a collection device;

wherein the top of the storage device is open and is used for storing seawater;

the evaporation device is communicated with the storage device and is used for evaporating seawater;

the condensing device comprises a condensing pipe, one end of the condensing pipe is communicated with the evaporating device, and the condensing pipe conducts drainage and condensation on evaporated water vapor;

the collecting device comprises a fresh water collecting part communicated with the other end of the condensing pipe, and the fresh water collecting part is used for collecting the desalinated fresh water;

the seawater desalination plant further comprises a self-condensing evaporation system, which comprises:

at least part of the condensation pipe extending in the storage device and a condensation mechanism covering the storage device, wherein the condensation mechanism is communicated with the fresh water collecting part.

In one possible embodiment, the seawater desalination apparatus provided by the present application uses solar energy to evaporate seawater, so as to save energy. Specifically, the evaporation apparatus includes:

the evaporator is communicated with the storage device and is used for evaporating seawater;

the heat collector is used for reflecting sunlight to heat the evaporator and at least has a horizontal direction rotational degree of freedom and a vertical direction rotational degree of freedom;

and the adjusting component is connected with the heat collector and used for adjusting the rotation of the heat collector.

Preferably, the inner wall surface of the heat collector is a hyperboloid or a paraboloid.

Preferably, the adjustment assembly comprises:

the horizontal rotating mechanism is used for adjusting the heat collector to rotate within 360 degrees in a horizontal plane;

and the elevation angle rotating mechanism is arranged on the horizontal rotating mechanism and is used for adjusting the elevation angle of the heat collector in a vertical plane.

Preferably, the condensing means comprises a tip-like structure or a top of an inverted V-shaped structure.

Preferably, the condensation mechanism comprises a bottom of a conical structure.

Preferably, the fresh water collecting part is positioned below the condensing mechanism and communicated with the bottom of the condensing mechanism.

Preferably, the part of the condensation duct extending inside the storage device comprises at least one bent or bent section.

Preferably, the bent section of the condensation pipe is in a spiral structure, a Z-shaped bent and turned structure or a serpentine structure.

In a further embodiment, the seawater desalination apparatus in the above embodiment further includes:

the salt collecting device is used for collecting the residual salt after seawater evaporation, and comprises:

the first salt collector is communicated with the bottom of the evaporator;

and the second salt collector is communicated with the bottom of the storage device.

Has the advantages that: the seawater desalination equipment provided by the invention can improve the seawater desalination efficiency; meanwhile, the energy utilization efficiency can be improved, the energy loss is reduced, and the economic benefit and the social benefit are promoted.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a seawater desalination apparatus according to a first embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a seawater desalination apparatus according to a second embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of the heat collector and the adjusting assembly of the present invention.

Fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of the heat collector and the elevation rotation mechanism of the present invention.

Fig. 5 is a schematic view of the structure of the heat collector of the present invention.

Each of fig. 1 to 5 is labeled as: the device comprises astorage device 10, anevaporation device 20, anevaporator 21, aheat collector 22, a reflectingmirror surface 221, an adjustingassembly 23, a horizontalrotating mechanism 231, an adjustingturntable 2311, an adjustingrotating shaft 2312, an adjustingmotor 2313, anadjusting speed reducer 2314, anelevation rotating mechanism 232, anadjusting bracket 2321, anadjusting cylinder 2322, a condensingdevice 30, a collectingdevice 40, a freshwater collecting part 41, acondensing mechanism 50, afirst salt collector 61, asecond salt collector 62 and a photovoltaicpower generation panel 70.

Detailed Description

The technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without inventive effort based on the embodiments of the present invention, are within the scope of the present invention.

Researches show that the seawater desalination mainly comprises a distillation method, an ion exchange method, a dialysis method, a reverse osmosis membrane method, a freezing method and the like. Among them, the most common method for desalinating seawater is distillation. In the process of desalting seawater by a distillation method, water in the seawater is evaporated at high temperature and then is condensed to form fresh water. Since the water vapor is not easy to collect and store, the water vapor needs to be rapidly cooled to be condensed into water drops for collection. In the prior art, in order to collect fresh water quickly, a condenser is usually additionally arranged to condense high-temperature water vapor. The mode not only increases the equipment input cost, but also can discharge a large amount of heat in the condensation process of the high-temperature water vapor, and the part of heat is completely lost, thereby causing energy waste.

Example one

As shown in fig. 1, the present invention provides a seawater desalination apparatus to solve the problems of the prior art. Specifically, the seawater desalination apparatus comprises astorage device 10, anevaporation device 20, acondensation device 30, acollection device 40 and a self-condensation evaporation system.

The top of thestorage device 10 is open. In this embodiment, thestorage device 10 is an open-topped seawater storage tank, and a large amount of seawater is stored in the seawater storage tank.

Theevaporation device 20 is communicated with thestorage device 10, and theevaporation device 20 heats and evaporates the seawater supplied by thestorage device 10 by using heat to generate steam; meanwhile, as the seawater in theevaporation apparatus 20 decreases, thestorage apparatus 10 continues to supply seawater into theevaporation apparatus 20. Theevaporation device 20 includes at least anevaporator 21. Theevaporator 21 communicates with a seawater storage tank to obtain seawater for evaporation. Meanwhile, in order to achieve seawater evaporation, a stable heat source supply is required. There are many ways in the prior art, including but not limited to boiler heating, electric heating, and solar heating. Among them, solar energy is a renewable clean energy source, and thus is widely used. In this embodiment, theevaporator 20 further includes aheat collector 22, and theheat collector 22 collects the reflected sunlight to heat theevaporator 21, so that the seawater in theevaporator 21 is heated and evaporated.

The condensing means 30 includes a condensing duct. One end of the condenser tube is communicated with theevaporation device 20 to guide the evaporated water vapor. The water vapor is gradually cooled in the condensation duct and then condensed into water droplets.

The collectingdevice 40 includes a freshwater collecting portion 41. The freshwater collecting portion 41 is communicated with one end of the condensation pipe away from theevaporation device 20 to collect water droplets condensed in the condensation pipe to form fresh water.

The self-condensing evaporation system includes at least a partial condensation duct extending from thestorage device 10 and acondensing mechanism 50 housed in thestorage device 10. The high-temperature steam extending in the condensation pipe of thestorage device 10 exchanges heat with the seawater in thestorage device 10 through heat exchange, so that the steam in the condensation pipe is rapidly cooled and condensed and flows into the freshwater collection part 41, and the seawater desalination efficiency is improved. At the same time, the temperature of the seawater in thestorage device 10 is raised, so that part of the seawater in thestorage device 10 is evaporated and condensed on thecondensing mechanism 50, and then flows into the freshwater collecting part 41; in the process, the heat of the high-temperature steam in the condensing pipe is collected and utilized for seawater evaporation and desalination, so that the seawater desalination efficiency can be improved, and the energy utilization rate can be improved. Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme of the application does not need to be provided with a separate condenser, and the equipment cost can be reduced to a certain extent; meanwhile, the structure is simple, and the popularization and the use are easy.

In order to improve the degree of heat exchange between the water vapor in the condensation pipe and thestorage device 10, in this embodiment, the length of the part of the condensation pipe extending inside thestorage device 10 is increased to increase the flow path of the water vapor, so as to improve the condensation time of the water vapor and further achieve more thorough heat exchange. The way of increasing the length of the part of the condensation pipe extending inside thestorage device 10 may be to provide at least one bend or bending section at the part of the condensation pipe extending inside thestorage device 10. In particular, such a bend or bend section may be a helical structure, a zigzag bend-turn structure, or a serpentine structure.

Seawater in the seawater storage tank is evaporated and meets thecondensing mechanism 50 and then is condensed into water drops on the top of thecondensing mechanism 50, and if the water drops are not drained in time, the larger the water drops are, and the water drops can be dripped into the seawater storage tank again. In order to prevent this, in a further embodiment, the top of thecondensing mechanism 50 is designed to be an inverted V-shaped structure or a pointed structure, so that water drops formed after the water vapor is condensed on the top of thecondensing mechanism 50 flow to the side walls of thecondensing mechanism 50 along the inclined top of thecondensing mechanism 50 to both sides under the action of its own gravity, thereby preventing the water drops condensed on the top of thecondensing mechanism 50 from dropping into the seawater storage tank again. Meanwhile, in order to rapidly collect condensed water droplets, the bottom of thecondensing mechanism 50 is designed in a tapered structure so that the water droplets are rapidly gathered toward the center of the bottom of thecondensing mechanism 50. The freshwater collecting part 41 is positioned below thecondensing mechanism 50; the freshwater collecting portion 41 communicates with the bottom of thecondensing mechanism 50, so that water droplets collected to the center of the bottom of thecondensing mechanism 50 flow into the freshwater collecting portion 41 quickly.

After seawater is evaporated, the concentration of the remaining seawater is increased, and when the concentration reaches a certain critical point, partial salt is crystallized and separated out. Therefore, the seawater desalination plant comprises a salt collecting device. The salt collecting device comprises afirst salt collector 61 and asecond salt collector 62. Wherein thefirst salt collector 61 is in communication with the bottom of theevaporation device 20. Thesecond salt trap 62 communicates with the bottom of thestorage device 10. During the evaporation process of seawater, the connection between thefirst salt collector 61 and theevaporation device 20 and the connection between thesecond salt collector 62 and thestorage device 10 are disconnected by a closed valve (not shown), and when the seawater in theevaporation device 20 and thestorage device 10 reaches a certain concentration, the valve is opened to collect the seawater with high concentration into thefirst salt collector 61 and thesecond salt collector 62. This has the advantage of avoiding salt from crystallizing and condensing in theevaporation device 20 and thestorage device 10, reducing the difficulty of cleaning. And the seawater can be replenished into thestorage device 10 by separately providing a transfer line (not shown) to supply seawater into thestorage device 10. The transfer line needs to run through thecondensing mechanism 50. And the power input of the conveying pipeline can be realized by a water pump.

Example two

In the first embodiment, theevaporator 20 is heated by solar energy, and particularly, theheat collector 22 is used for reflecting sunlight to heat theevaporator 21. The angle of irradiation of the sun in the vertical direction changes with the east, west, and season changes of the sun. Therefore, how to make theheat collector 22 reflect the sunlight to the maximum, so as to achieve the efficiency of solar energy collection and utilization becomes an urgent problem to be solved.

The technical scheme provided by the second embodiment is improved on the basis of the first embodiment. As shown in fig. 2, the second embodiment also provides a seawater desalination apparatus, which includes astorage device 10, anevaporation device 20, acondensation device 30, acollection device 40, and a self-condensation evaporation system. Thestorage device 10, the condensingdevice 30, the collectingdevice 40 and the self-condensing evaporation system are the same as those of the first embodiment. The only difference is the specific construction of theevaporator 20.

Specifically, theevaporator 20 includes anevaporator 21, aheat collector 22, and an adjustingassembly 23. Theevaporator 21 is communicated with thestorage device 10 and used for absorbing heat to heat the seawater and quickening the evaporation rate of the seawater. Theheat collector 22 is used to reflect sunlight to heat theevaporator 21. Theadjustment assembly 23 is coupled to theheat collector 22 for adjusting the rotation of theheat collector 22 such that theheat collector 22 has at least a horizontal rotational degree of freedom and a vertical rotational degree of freedom.

Referring to fig. 3 and 4, theadjustment assembly 23 includes ahorizontal rotation mechanism 231 and anelevation rotation mechanism 232. Wherein thehorizontal rotation mechanism 231 is used to adjust the 360 ° rotation of theheat collector 22 in the horizontal plane. Theelevation rotation mechanism 232 is disposed on thehorizontal rotation mechanism 231 for adjusting the elevation of theheat collector 22 in the vertical plane. Theheat collector 22 rotates along with the sun through the adjustingcomponent 23, when the irradiation angle of the sun changes, the adjustingcomponent 23 can drive theheat collector 22 to adjust the angle of theheat collector 22 irradiated by the sun, so that theheat collector 22 can collect the sunlight to the maximum extent, and reflect the sunlight to theevaporator 21 to heat theevaporator 21, and the seawater in theevaporator 21 is evaporated. Through the angle of adjustingheat collector 22, can improve energy utilization according to the angle adjustment collection face's of light angle adjustment.

Thehorizontal rotation mechanism 231 includes anadjustment turntable 2311, anadjustment rotation shaft 2312, anadjustment motor 2313, and anadjustment speed reducer 2314. The top end of the adjustingrotating shaft 2312 is fixedly connected with the center of the bottom of the adjustingturntable 2311, and the bottom end of the adjustingrotating shaft 2312 is fixedly connected with the output end of theadjusting speed reducer 2314. The adjustingmotor 2313 is connected with theadjusting speed reducer 2314, when the adjustingmotor 2313 operates, theadjusting speed reducer 2314 drives the adjustingrotating shaft 2312 to rotate, and the adjustingrotating shaft 2312 further drives the adjustingturntable 2311 to rotate.

Theelevation rotation mechanism 232 includes anadjustment bracket 2321 and anadjustment cylinder 2322. The bottom end of theadjusting bracket 2321 is fixedly connected with the top surface of the adjustingturntable 2311 close to the edge, and the top end of theadjusting bracket 2321 is rotatably connected with the side wall of theheat collector 22. The end part of the telescopic rod of theadjusting cylinder 2322 is hinged with one end of the side edge of theadjusting bracket 2321 close to the bottom, and one end of the cylinder body of theadjusting cylinder 2322 is rotatably connected with the side wall of theheat collector 22; in addition, the cylinder body of theadjusting cylinder 2322 has a certain distance from the top end of theadjusting bracket 2321 in the horizontal direction.

The angle of illumination of the sun in the vertical direction changes as the east, west, and season of the sun changes. The telescopic adjustment of theadjusting cylinder 2322 is utilized to drive theheat collector 22 to rotate to adjust the elevation angle of theheat collector 22, so that theheat collector 22 can reflect sunlight to the maximum extent, and the efficiency of solar energy collection and utilization is realized. In the process of east rising and west falling of the sun, the included angle between the sun and theheat collector 22 in the horizontal direction is also changed continuously. Can driveheat collector 22 circumferential direction throughhorizontal slewing mechanism 231 to makeheat collector 22 and sun keep fixed at the contained angle of horizontal direction, thereby further promote the efficiency that heatcollector 22 collected solar energy. By improving the collection and utilization efficiency of solar energy, theevaporator 21 can be kept at a higher temperature, so that the evaporation efficiency of seawater in theevaporator 21 is improved, and the seawater desalination efficiency of the seawater desalination equipment is improved.

In a further embodiment, the solar heat collection type seawater desalination equipment further comprises a photovoltaicpower generation board 70, and the photovoltaicpower generation board 70 is arranged on the top of the condensation cover. When the sun irradiates the photovoltaicpower generation panel 70, the photovoltaicpower generation panel 70 can convert light energy into electric energy, and the generated electric energy can be used for supplying the adjustingmotor 2313 and theadjusting cylinder 2322 in the solar heat collection type seawater desalination equipment, so that the utilization rate of clean energy can be further improved.

Referring to fig. 5, theheat collector 22 has a cylindrical structure, and one end of theheat collector 22 is recessed inward to form a reflectingmirror surface 221 having an arc structure. When sunlight is normally irradiated on the reflectingmirror surface 221 of theheat collector 22, the reflectingmirror surface 221 of theheat collector 22 concentrates the irradiated sunlight toward the focal point of the reflectingmirror surface 221 thereof. Therefore, if the heating efficiency of theevaporator 21 is to be maximized, theevaporator 21 is positioned at the focal point of the reflectingmirror 221 of theheat collector 22 as much as possible, so that the heat source is provided to theevaporator 21 by concentrated sunlight, and theevaporator 21 is maintained at a high temperature to accelerate the evaporation rate of seawater in theevaporator 21, thereby increasing the desalination rate of seawater.

In a further embodiment, the inner wall surface of theheat collector 22 is a hyperboloid or a paraboloid, and at least a partial area of the inner wall surface is a hyperboloid or a paraboloid, so that the heat collecting performance of theheat collector 22 is improved, and the utilization rate of energy is enhanced.

The working principle is as follows: firstly, the adjustingcomponent 23 drives theheat collector 22 to rotate, so that theheat collector 22 emits the light irradiated by the sun to theevaporator 21 to heat theevaporator 21, and the seawater in theevaporator 21 is heated, evaporated and vaporized and enters the condensing pipe. Next, the steam circulates along the condensation pipe, the seawater in thestorage device 10 cools and condenses the water vapor in the condensation pipe by heat exchange to form condensed water, and the condensed water in the condensation pipe flows out from the end of the condensation pipe to the freshwater collection portion 41. Then, the seawater in thestorage device 10 is heated to a high temperature to be evaporated and vaporized, and the vapor rises to meet thecondensing mechanism 50 and is condensed into liquid drops on the top inner wall of thecondensing mechanism 50. Finally, the liquid drops condensed at the top of thecondensing mechanism 50 flow downward along the inner wall of thecondensing mechanism 50 under the action of the self gravity and flow into the freshwater collecting part 41 from the bottom of thecondensing mechanism 50.

Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims (10)

1. A seawater desalination plant comprising:

the top of the storage device is opened and is used for storing seawater;

the evaporation device is communicated with the storage device and is used for evaporating seawater;

the condensing device comprises a condensing pipe, one end of the condensing pipe is communicated with the evaporating device, and the condensing pipe conducts drainage and condensation on evaporated water vapor;

the collecting device comprises a fresh water collecting part communicated with the other end of the condensing pipe, and the fresh water collecting part is used for collecting the desalinated fresh water;

it is characterized in that the preparation method is characterized in that,

a self-condensing evaporation system, comprising:

at least a portion of the condenser tube extending within the storage device;

and the condensing mechanism covers the storage device and is communicated with the fresh water collecting part.

2. The seawater desalination apparatus of claim 1, wherein the evaporation device comprises:

the evaporator is communicated with the storage device and is used for evaporating seawater;

the heat collector is used for reflecting sunlight to heat the evaporator and at least has a horizontal direction rotational degree of freedom and a vertical direction rotational degree of freedom;

and the adjusting component is connected with the heat collector and used for adjusting the rotation of the heat collector.

3. The seawater desalination apparatus of claim 2, wherein the inner wall surface of the heat collector is a hyperboloid or a paraboloid.

4. The seawater desalination apparatus of claim 2, wherein the adjustment assembly comprises:

the horizontal rotating mechanism is used for adjusting the heat collector to rotate within 360 degrees in a horizontal plane;

and the elevation angle rotating mechanism is arranged on the horizontal rotating mechanism and is used for adjusting the elevation angle of the heat collector in a vertical plane.

5. The seawater desalination apparatus of claim 1, wherein the condensing mechanism comprises a top of a peaked or inverted V-shaped structure.

6. The seawater desalination apparatus of claim 1, wherein the condensing mechanism comprises a bottom of a conical structure.

7. The seawater desalination apparatus of claim 1, wherein the fresh water collection portion is located below the condensation mechanism and communicates with a bottom of the condensation mechanism.

8. The seawater desalination apparatus of claim 1, wherein the portion of the condenser tube extending inside the storage device comprises at least one bend or bend section.

9. The seawater desalination apparatus of claim 8, wherein the bent section of the condensation pipe is a spiral structure, a zigzag bent and turned structure, or a serpentine structure.

10. The seawater desalination apparatus of claim 1, further comprising:

the salt collecting device is used for collecting the residual salt after seawater evaporation, and comprises:

the first salt collector is communicated with the bottom of the evaporator;

and the second salt collector is communicated with the bottom of the storage device.

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