背景技术Background technique
无线系统通常包括通信地耦接到一个或多个基站(BS)的多个用户装备(UE)设备。一个或多个BS可以是可通过第三代合作伙伴计划(3GPP)网络通信地耦接到一个或多个UE的长期演进(LTE)演进NodeB(eNB)或新无线电(NR)下一代NodeB(gNB)。A wireless system typically includes multiple user equipment (UE) devices communicatively coupled to one or more base stations (BSs). The one or more BSs may be long term evolution (LTE) evolved NodeBs (eNBs) or new radio (NR) next generation NodeBs (gNBs) communicatively coupled to one or more UEs via a third generation partnership project (3GPP) network.
下一代无线通信系统预计将是一个统一的网络/系统，旨在满足截然不同且有时相互冲突的性能维度和服务。新无线电接入技术(RAT)预计将支持广泛的用例，包括增强型移动宽带(eMBB)、大规模机器类通信(mMTC)、任务关键机器类通信(uMTC)以及在高达100GHz的频率范围内操作的类似服务类型。The next generation of wireless communication systems is expected to be a unified network/system designed to meet distinct and sometimes conflicting performance dimensions and services. New radio access technologies (RATs) are expected to support a wide range of use cases, including enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), massive machine type communications (mMTC), mission critical machine type communications (uMTC), and similar service types operating in the frequency range up to 100 GHz.
附图说明BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
根据结合以举例的方式一起示出本公开的特征的附图而进行的以下具体实施方式，本公开的特征和优点将是显而易见的；并且其中：Features and advantages of the present disclosure will be apparent from the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings which together illustrate features of the present disclosure by way of example; and wherein:
图1示出了根据一个示例的第三代合作伙伴计划(3GPP)新无线电(NR)版本15帧结构的框图；FIG1 illustrates a block diagram of a 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) New Radio (NR) Release 15 frame structure according to an example;
图2和图3示出了根据一个示例的信道质量指示符(CQI)表；2 and 3 illustrate a channel quality indicator (CQI) table according to an example;
图4示出了根据一个示例的物理随机接入信道(PRACH)覆盖增强(CE)级别和相关联的下行链路质量度量类型；FIG4 illustrates a Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH) Coverage Enhancement (CE) level and associated downlink quality metric type according to an example;
图5示出了根据一个示例的无线电资源控制(RRC)连接恢复请求消息的抽象语法标记(ASN)代码；FIG5 illustrates an Abstract Syntax Notation (ASN) code of a Radio Resource Control (RRC) Connection Resumption Request message according to an example;
图6是根据一个示例的RRC连接恢复请求消息的字段描述的表格；FIG6 is a table of field descriptions of an RRC connection recovery request message according to an example;
图7示出了根据一个示例的无线电资源控制(RRC)连接恢复请求消息的ASN代码；FIG7 illustrates an ASN code of a radio resource control (RRC) connection recovery request message according to an example;
图8是根据一个示例的RRC连接恢复请求消息的字段描述的表格；FIG8 is a table of field descriptions of an RRC connection recovery request message according to an example;
图9和图10示出了根据一个示例的上行链路公共控制信道(UL-CCCH)消息的ASN代码；9 and 10 illustrate ASN codes of an uplink common control channel (UL-CCCH) message according to an example;
图11A和图11B示出了根据一个示例的系统信息块类型2(SIB2)的ASN代码；11A and 11B illustrate an ASN code of a system information block type 2 (SIB2) according to an example;
图12是根据一个示例的SIB2的字段描述的表格；FIG12 is a table of field descriptions of SIB2 according to an example;
图13示出了根据一个示例的RRC连接恢复请求消息的ASN代码；FIG13 shows an ASN code of an RRC connection recovery request message according to an example;
图14示出了根据一个示例的信道质量报告(CQR)介质访问控制(MAC)控制元素(CE)有效载荷；FIG14 illustrates a channel quality report (CQR) medium access control (MAC) control element (CE) payload according to an example;
图15示出了根据一个示例的MAC协议数据单元(PDU)，该PDU包括公共控制信道(CCCH)服务数据单元(SDU)和CQR MAC CE；FIG15 illustrates a MAC protocol data unit (PDU) according to an example, the PDU including a common control channel (CCCH) service data unit (SDU) and a CQR MAC CE;
图16和图17示出了根据一个示例的上行链路共享信道(UL-SCH)的逻辑信道标识符(LCID)值的表格；16 and 17 show tables of logical channel identifier (LCID) values for an uplink shared channel (UL-SCH) according to one example;
图18和图19示出了根据一个示例的RRC连接恢复请求的ASN代码，该RRC连接恢复请求包括重复级别和聚合级别的IE；18 and 19 illustrate an ASN code of an RRC connection recovery request according to an example, the RRC connection recovery request including IEs of repetition level and aggregation level;
图20示出了根据一个示例的用于传送重复级别和聚合级别的MAC CE；FIG20 illustrates a MAC CE for conveying repetition level and aggregation level according to an example;
图21示出了根据一个示例的物理随机接入信道(PRACH)控制元素(CE)级别和对应重复级别的表格；FIG21 shows a table of physical random access channel (PRACH) control element (CE) levels and corresponding repetition levels according to an example;
图22描绘了根据一个示例的用户装备(UE)的功能，该UE可操作以执行下行链路(DL)信道质量测量报告；FIG22 illustrates functionality of a user equipment (UE) operable to perform downlink (DL) channel quality measurement reporting according to an example;
图23描绘了根据一个示例的下一代NodeB(gNB)的功能，该gNB可操作以对从用户装备(UE)接收到的下行链路(DL)信道质量测量报告进行解码；FIG23 illustrates functionality of a next generation NodeB (gNB) operable to decode a downlink (DL) channel quality measurement report received from a user equipment (UE) according to an example;
图24描绘了根据一个示例的机器可读存储介质的流程图，该机器可读存储介质具有在其上体现的用于在用户装备(UE)处执行下行链路(DL)信道质量测量报告的指令；24 depicts a flow diagram of a machine-readable storage medium having instructions embodied thereon for performing downlink (DL) channel quality measurement reporting at a user equipment (UE) according to an example;
图25示出了根据一个示例的无线网络的架构；FIG25 illustrates an architecture of a wireless network according to an example;
图26示出了根据一个示例的无线设备(例如，UE)的图示；FIG26 shows a diagram of a wireless device (e.g., UE) according to an example;
图27示出了根据一个示例的基带电路的接口；以及FIG27 illustrates an interface of a baseband circuit according to an example; and
图28示出了根据一个示例的无线设备(例如，UE)的图示。FIG28 shows a diagram of a wireless device (eg, UE) according to an example.
现在将参考所示的示例性实施方案，并且本文将使用特定的语言来描述这些示例性实施方案。然而，应当理解，并非因此而意在限制本技术的范围。Reference will now be made to the exemplary embodiments illustrated, and specific language will be used herein to describe the same. However, it will be understood that no limitation of the scope of the technology is intended thereby.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
在公开和描述本发明技术之前，应当理解，该技术不限于本文所公开的特定结构、工艺操作或材料，而是如相关领域的普通技术人员将认识到的那样延伸至其等同物。另外应当理解，本文采用的术语只是出于描述特定示例的目的，并非旨在进行限制。不同附图中相同的附图标号表示相同的元件。流程图和过程中提供的数字是为了清楚地示出动作和操作，并不一定指示特定的次序或序列。Before disclosing and describing the technology of the present invention, it should be understood that the technology is not limited to the specific structures, process operations or materials disclosed herein, but extends to their equivalents as will be recognized by those of ordinary skill in the relevant art. It should also be understood that the terms used herein are only for the purpose of describing specific examples and are not intended to be limiting. The same figure numbers in different figures represent the same elements. The numbers provided in the flow charts and processes are for the purpose of clearly illustrating the actions and operations and do not necessarily indicate a specific order or sequence.
定义definition
如本文所用，术语“用户装备(UE)”是指能够进行无线数字通信的计算设备，诸如智能电话、平板计算设备、膝上型计算机、多媒体设备诸如iPod或提供文本或语音通信的其他类型的计算设备。术语“用户装备(UE)”还可被称为“移动设备”、“无线设备”或“无线移动设备”。As used herein, the term "user equipment (UE)" refers to a computing device capable of wireless digital communication, such as a smartphone, a tablet computing device, a laptop computer, a multimedia device such as an iPod, or a tablet computer. Or other types of computing devices that provide text or voice communications.The term "user equipment (UE)" may also be referred to as a "mobile device,""wirelessdevice," or "wireless mobile device."
如本文所用，术语“基站(BS)”包括“收发器基站(BTS)”、“NodeB”、“演进NodeB(eNodeB或eNB)”、“新无线电基站(NR BS)”和/或“下一代NodeB(gNodeB或gNB)”，并且是指与UE进行无线通信的移动电话网络的设备或配置节点。As used herein, the term "base station (BS)" includes "base transceiver station (BTS)", "NodeB", "evolved NodeB (eNodeB or eNB)", "new radio base station (NR BS)" and/or "next generation NodeB (gNodeB or gNB)", and refers to a device or configuration node of a mobile telephone network that wirelessly communicates with a UE.
如本文所用，术语“蜂窝电话网络”、“4G蜂窝”、“长期演进(LTE)”、“5G蜂窝”和/或“新无线电(NR)”是指由第三代伙合作伙伴计划(3GPP)开发的无线宽带技术。As used herein, the terms “cellular telephone network,” “4G cellular,” “Long Term Evolution (LTE),” “5G cellular,” and/or “New Radio (NR)” refer to wireless broadband technologies developed by the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP).
示例性实施方案Exemplary embodiments
下文提供了技术实施方案的初始概览，并且随后将更详细地描述具体的技术实施方案。该初始概要旨在帮助读者更快地理解该技术，但并非旨在确定该技术的关键特征或基本特征，也并非旨在限制要求保护的主题的范围。The following provides an initial overview of the technical embodiments, and specific technical embodiments will be described in more detail later. This initial summary is intended to help readers understand the technology more quickly, but is not intended to identify the key features or essential features of the technology, nor is it intended to limit the scope of the claimed subject matter.
图1提供了3GPP NR版本15帧结构的示例。具体地讲，图1示出了下行链路无线电帧结构。在该示例中，用于传输数据的信号的无线电帧100可配置为具有10毫秒(ms)持续时间Tf。每个无线电帧可分段或划分为十个子帧110i，每个子帧的长度为1毫秒。每个子帧可进一步细分成一个或多个时隙120a、120i和120x，每个时隙具有1/μms的持续时间T时隙，其中对于15kHz子载波间距而言μ＝1，对于30kHz而言μ＝2，对于60kHz而言μ＝4，对于120kHz而言μ＝8，并且对于240kHz而言μ＝16。每个时隙可包括物理下行链路控制信道(PDCCH)和/或物理下行链路共享信道(PDSCH)。FIG. 1 provides an example of a 3GPP NR Release 15 frame structure. Specifically, FIG. 1 shows a downlink radio frame structure. In this example, a radio frame 100 for transmitting a signal for data may be configured to have a duration Tf of 10 milliseconds (ms). Each radio frame may be segmented or divided into ten subframes 110i, each subframe having a length of 1 millisecond. Each subframe may be further subdivided into one or more time slots 120a, 120i, and 120x, each time slot having a duration T timeslot of 1/μms, where μ=1 for 15kHz subcarrier spacing, μ=2 for 30kHz, μ=4 for 60kHz, μ=8 for 120kHz, and μ=16 for 240kHz. Each time slot may include a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) and/or a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH).
根据CC频率带宽，节点和无线设备所用分量载波(CC)的每个时隙可包括多个资源块(RB)130a、130b、130i、130m和130n。CC可具有包含带宽的载波频率。CC的每个时隙可包括存在于PDCCH中的下行链路控制信息(DCI)。在控制信道资源集(CORESET)中传输PDCCH，该CORESET可包括一个、两个或三个正交频分复用(OFDM)符号和多个RB。Each time slot of a component carrier (CC) used by a node and a wireless device may include a plurality of resource blocks (RBs) 130a, 130b, 130i, 130m, and 130n, depending on the CC frequency bandwidth. A CC may have a carrier frequency including a bandwidth. Each time slot of a CC may include downlink control information (DCI) present in a PDCCH. The PDCCH is transmitted in a control channel resource set (CORESET), which may include one, two, or three orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbols and a plurality of RBs.
每个RB(物理RB或PRB)的每个时隙可包括12个子载波(在频率轴上)和14个正交频分复用(OFDM)符号(在时间轴上)。如果采用短循环或标准循环前缀，则RB可使用14个OFDM符号。如果使用扩展循环前缀，则RB可使用12个OFDM符号。资源块可映射至168个使用短循环或标准循环前缀的资源元素(RE)，也可映射至144个使用扩展循环前缀的RE(未示出)。RE可以是包含一个OFDM符号142和一个子载波(即，15kHz、30kHz、60kHz、120kHz和240kHz)146的单位。Each time slot of each RB (physical RB or PRB) may include 12 subcarriers (on the frequency axis) and 14 orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbols (on the time axis). If a short cycle or standard cyclic prefix is adopted, the RB may use 14 OFDM symbols. If an extended cyclic prefix is used, the RB may use 12 OFDM symbols. A resource block may be mapped to 168 resource elements (REs) using a short cycle or standard cyclic prefix, or may be mapped to 144 REs using an extended cyclic prefix (not shown). RE may be a unit containing one OFDM symbol 142 and one subcarrier (i.e., 15kHz, 30kHz, 60kHz, 120kHz, and 240kHz) 146.
在使用正交相移键控(QPSK)调制的情况下，每个RE 140i可传输两位信息150a和150b。可使用其他调制类型，例如16正交幅度调制(QAM)或64QAM，在每个RE中传输更多的位数，也可使用双相移键控(BPSK)调制，在每个RE中传输更少的位数(一位)。RB可配置用于从eNodeB到UE的下行链路传输，也可配置用于从UE到eNodeB的上行链路传输。In the case of using quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK) modulation, each RE 140i can transmit two bits of information 150a and 150b. Other modulation types, such as 16-quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) or 64QAM, can be used to transmit more bits in each RE, and bi-phase shift keying (BPSK) modulation can also be used to transmit fewer bits (one bit) in each RE. RBs can be configured for downlink transmissions from the eNodeB to the UE, and can also be configured for uplink transmissions from the UE to the eNodeB.
此3GPP NR版本15的帧结构的示例提供了传输数据的方式或传输模式的示例。该示例并非意图进行限制。在3GPP LTE版本15、MulteFire版本1.1及更高版本所包含的5G帧结构中，许多版本15功能将会演进和变化。在此类系统中，由于诸如eMBB(增强型移动宽带)、mMTC(大规模机器类通信或大规模IoT)和URLLC(超可靠低延迟通信或关键通信)的不同网络服务的共存，设计约束可能与同一载波中的多个5G参数集共存。5G系统中的载波可高于或低于6GHz。在一个实施方案中，每个网络服务可具有不同的参数集。This example of a frame structure for 3GPP NR Release 15 provides an example of a way or transmission mode to transmit data. This example is not intended to be limiting. In the 5G frame structure included in 3GPP LTE Release 15, MulteFire Release 1.1 and higher, many Release 15 features will evolve and change. In such systems, due to the coexistence of different network services such as eMBB (enhanced mobile broadband), mMTC (massive machine type communications or massive IoT), and URLLC (ultra-reliable low latency communications or critical communications), design constraints may coexist with multiple 5G parameter sets in the same carrier. Carriers in a 5G system may be above or below 6GHz. In one embodiment, each network service may have a different parameter set.
在一个配置中，可在版本16增强型机器类通信(eMTC)中通过指定消息3(Msg3)中的质量报告来改善下行链路(DL)传输效率和/或用户装备(UE)功率消耗。如本文所用，“Msg3”可指在UE与基站之间的随机接入过程期间通过物理上行链路共享信道(PUSCH)从UE到基站的上行链路传输。在有类似动机时并且为了改善多载波操作，还可在版本16窄带物联网(NB-IoT)中支持用于非锚接入的Msg3质量报告。In one configuration, downlink (DL) transmission efficiency and/or user equipment (UE) power consumption may be improved in Release 16 enhanced machine type communication (eMTC) by specifying quality reporting in message 3 (Msg3). As used herein, "Msg3" may refer to uplink transmissions from a UE to a base station over a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) during a random access procedure between the UE and a base station. With similar motivations and to improve multi-carrier operation, Msg3 quality reporting for non-anchor access may also be supported in Release 16 narrowband internet of things (NB-IoT).
如下文进一步详细描述，提供设计以支持用于eMTC的Msg3中的质量报告和用于NB-IoT中非锚接入的Msg3中的质量报告。本文所提供的设计包括将使用哪个度量方面的质量报告定义、测量参考资源和承载质量报告的Msg3设计。As described in further detail below, designs are provided to support quality reporting in Msg3 for eMTC and quality reporting in Msg3 for non-anchor access in NB-IoT. The designs provided herein include quality reporting definitions of which metric aspects will be used, measurement reference resources, and Msg3 designs for carrying quality reporting.
就用于版本14NB-IoT系统中锚载波的Msg3中的质量报告的先前设计而言，已观察到DL和UL噪声及干扰环境在NB-IoT系统中可相当不同，因此仅基于窄带物理随机接入信道(NPRACH)覆盖级别对DL信道条件的估计将不够准确。为了提供关于DL信道条件的更准确信息，在版本14NB-IoT系统中的Msg3中报告DL信道质量，作为版本14NB-IoT UE的任选特征。DL信道质量被表示为UE需要以1％块错误率(BLER)对假设窄带物理下行链路控制信道(NPDCCH)进行解码的重复数。可基于以下方式导出所指示的假设NPDCCH重复数：在一段时间期间对DL信道质量取平均以平均淡出，而不引发测量的附加唤醒。未定义NPDCCH的参考资源(例如，“虚拟PDCCH”的时间的位置)，并且在先前设计中，只有UE在其上接收消息2(Msg2)的锚载波才支持该特征。With respect to previous designs of quality reporting in Msg3 for anchor carriers in Release 14 NB-IoT systems, it has been observed that the DL and UL noise and interference environments can be quite different in NB-IoT systems, and therefore estimates of DL channel conditions based solely on narrowband physical random access channel (NPRACH) coverage levels will not be accurate enough. In order to provide more accurate information about DL channel conditions, DL channel quality is reported in Msg3 in Release 14 NB-IoT systems as an optional feature for Release 14 NB-IoT UEs. The DL channel quality is expressed as the number of repetitions that the UE needs to decode a hypothetical narrowband physical downlink control channel (NPDCCH) at a 1% block error rate (BLER). The indicated number of hypothetical NPDCCH repetitions can be derived based on averaging the DL channel quality over a period of time to average out without incurring additional wakeups for measurements. The reference resource for the NPDCCH (e.g., the location in time of the "virtual PDCCH") is not defined, and in previous designs, only the anchor carrier on which the UE receives message 2 (Msg2) supports this feature.
在一个配置中，用于eMTC的Msg3中的DL信道质量报告和用于NB-IoT的非锚载波的Msg3中的DL信道质量报告可由主信息块(MIB)或系统信息块(SIB)来启用/禁用。In one configuration, DL channel quality reporting in Msg3 for eMTC and DL channel quality reporting in Msg3 for non-anchor carriers of NB-IoT may be enabled/disabled by a master information block (MIB) or a system information block (SIB).
在一个示例中，对于eMTC而言，带宽减小的系统信息块类型1(SIB1-BR)或带宽减小的系统信息块类型y(SIBy-BR)(y>1)可指示UE(支持Msg3中的信道质量报告)是否预期在Msg3传输中包括信道质量测量报告。此外，所报告的信道质量可被指定为对应于UE在其上接收随机接入响应(RAR)(也称为消息2或Msg2)的NB。In one example, for eMTC, a reduced bandwidth system information block type 1 (SIB1-BR) or reduced bandwidth system information block type y (SIBy-BR) (y>1) may indicate whether a UE (supporting channel quality reporting in Msg3) expects to include a channel quality measurement report in a Msg3 transmission. In addition, the reported channel quality may be specified to correspond to the NB on which the UE receives a random access response (RAR) (also referred to as message 2 or Msg2).
在一个示例中，对于NB-IoT而言，主信息块窄带(MIB-NB)或系统信息块类型x窄带(SIBx-NB)(x＝1、2等)可指示测量报告是用于锚载波还是非锚载波。另选地，UE可决定测量报告用于哪个载波。在这种情况下，UE可指示报告是用于Msg3中的锚还是非锚，并且非锚载波可被指定为对应于UE在其上接收RAR的非锚载波。在另一个示例中，当非锚载波被配置用于RAR传输时，UE(经由Msg3支持用于非锚载波的信道质量报告)可预期报告与用于接收RAR传输的非锚载波相对应的DL信道质量。在又一个示例中，作为用于锚载波的报告的补充或替代，基站可配置用于非锚载波的信道质量报告的传输，这适用于经由Msg3支持用于非锚载波的信道质量报告的UE。In one example, for NB-IoT, the master information block narrowband (MIB-NB) or system information block type x narrowband (SIBx-NB) (x=1, 2, etc.) may indicate whether the measurement report is for an anchor carrier or a non-anchor carrier. Alternatively, the UE may decide which carrier the measurement report is for. In this case, the UE may indicate whether the report is for anchor or non-anchor in Msg3, and the non-anchor carrier may be designated as the non-anchor carrier corresponding to the UE on which the RAR is received. In another example, when the non-anchor carrier is configured for RAR transmission, the UE (supporting channel quality reporting for non-anchor carriers via Msg3) may be expected to report the DL channel quality corresponding to the non-anchor carrier used to receive the RAR transmission. In yet another example, in addition to or in lieu of reporting for the anchor carrier, the base station may configure the transmission of a channel quality report for a non-anchor carrier, which is applicable to UEs that support channel quality reporting for non-anchor carriers via Msg3.
在一个示例中，就来自UE的UE能力报告而言，该特征对于版本16NB-IoT/eMTC UE可为任选的，或该特征对于版本16NB-IoT/eMTC UE可为强制性的。在另一个示例中，UE可经由(N)PRACH分区来发信号通知其在Msg3中的测量报告的支持方面的能力，其中该分区可在序域、时域和/或频域中。在又一个示例中，支持早期数据传输(EDT)特征的版本16UE可支持Msg3传输中的信道质量测量报告。In one example, the feature may be optional for Release 16 NB-IoT/eMTC UEs in terms of UE capability reporting from the UE, or the feature may be mandatory for Release 16 NB-IoT/eMTC UEs. In another example, the UE may signal its capabilities in terms of support of measurement reporting in Msg3 via (N)PRACH partitions, where the partitions may be in the sequence domain, time domain, and/or frequency domain. In yet another example, a Release 16 UE supporting the Early Data Transfer (EDT) feature may support channel quality measurement reporting in Msg3 transmissions.
在一个配置中，就质量报告度量而言，可按照窄带接收信号接收功率((N)RSRP)和/或窄带参考信号接收质量((N)RSRQ)来定义质量报告。(N)RSRP和(N)RSRQ的定义可与传统eMTC/NB-IoT系统中相同。具体地讲，(N)RSRP是承载对应参考信号的资源元素(RE)上的平均小区专用参考信号或窄带参考信号(CRS/NRS)功率。(N)RSRQ是(N)RSRP除以窄带接收信号强度指示符((N)RSSI)，其中RSSI包括承载用于eMTC的天线端口0参考信号的OFDM符号的线性平均功率，并且NRSSI包括来自NB-IoT的测量子帧的所有OFDM符号的总接收功率的线性平均值。In one configuration, with respect to quality reporting metrics, quality reporting may be defined in terms of narrowband received signal received power ((N)RSRP) and/or narrowband reference signal received quality ((N)RSRQ). The definitions of (N)RSRP and (N)RSRQ may be the same as in conventional eMTC/NB-IoT systems. Specifically, (N)RSRP is the average cell-specific reference signal or narrowband reference signal (CRS/NRS) power on the resource elements (REs) carrying the corresponding reference signal. (N)RSRQ is (N)RSRP divided by a narrowband received signal strength indicator ((N)RSSI), where the RSSI comprises the linear average power of the OFDM symbols carrying the antenna port 0 reference signal for eMTC, and the NRSSI comprises the linear average of the total received power of all OFDM symbols of the measurement subframe from NB-IoT.
图2示出了第一信道质量指示符(CQI)表的示例，并且图3示出了第二CQI表的示例。在一个示例中，质量报告可被定义为CQI。可使用版本13eMTC的CQI表(具有图2中的CQI索引0-10)或版本15eMTC中介绍的新CQI表(图2所示的第一表和图3所示的第二表)。在一个示例中，所使用的CQI表可如图3的第二表中所示，其仅支持正交相移键控(QPSK)和16正交幅度调制(16QAM)(即，CQI索引0-10)。在另一个示例中，如果早期数据传输(EDT)DL传输(与EDT UL传输类似)仅支持QPSK，则所使用的CQI表可如仅具有QPSK行(即，0至7的CQI索引)的图2的第一表或图3的第二表中所示。此外，在使用图2的第一表的示例中，信道状态信息(CSI)源速率(RCSI)可由无线电资源控制(RRC)(例如经由SIB)配置，或由从RCSI到物理随机接入信道(PRACH)覆盖级别的预定义映射配置，或由从RCSI到Rmax的预定义映射配置，其中Rmax是为类型2CSS配置的最大重复数。FIG. 2 shows an example of a first channel quality indicator (CQI) table, and FIG. 3 shows an example of a second CQI table. In one example, the quality report may be defined as a CQI. The CQI table of Release 13 eMTC (with CQI indexes 0-10 in FIG. 2 ) or the new CQI table introduced in Release 15 eMTC (the first table shown in FIG. 2 and the second table shown in FIG. 3 ) may be used. In one example, the CQI table used may be as shown in the second table of FIG. 3 , which only supports quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK) and 16 quadrature amplitude modulation (16QAM) (i.e., CQI indexes 0-10). In another example, if an early data transmission (EDT) DL transmission (similar to an EDT UL transmission) only supports QPSK, the CQI table used may be as shown in the first table of FIG. 2 or the second table of FIG. 3 with only a QPSK row (i.e., CQI indexes of 0 to 7). In addition, in the example using the first table of Figure 2, the channel state information (CSI) source rate (RCSI) may be configured by radio resource control (RRC) (e.g., via the SIB), or by a predefined mapping from RCSI to physical random access channel (PRACH) coverage level, or by a predefined mapping from RCSI to Rmax, where Rmax is the maximum number of repetitions configured for the Type 2 CSS.
在一个配置中，质量报告可被定义为用于NB-IoT锚载波的Msg3中的质量报告，例如UE需要以1％的BLER对假设NPDCCH/MPDCCH进行解码的重复数。可按照实际NPDCCH/MPDCCH重复数例如{1,2,4,8,16,32,64,128,192,256,384,512,1024,1536,2048}的子集来定义候选项。在一个示例中，可由RRC预定义或配置候选项的子集。候选项的子集对于不同(N)PRACH覆盖级别可不同。此外，可按照缩放的Rmax来定义候选项，其中Rmax是被配置用于类型2CSS的最大重复数。可由RRC预定义或配置缩放因子的集合，例如{1,1/2,1/4,1/8}或{1,1/2,1/4,1/8,1/16,1/32,1/64,1/128}。在一个示例中，缩放因子的不同集合可被定义/配置用于不同(N)PRACH覆盖级别。在另一个示例中，可为不同Rmax定义缩放因子的不同集合，例如用于小Rmax的{1,1/2,1/4,1/8}和用于大Rmax的{1,1/4,1/8,1/16}。In one configuration, the quality report may be defined as a quality report in Msg3 for the NB-IoT anchor carrier, such as the number of repetitions that the UE needs to decode the hypothetical NPDCCH/MPDCCH at a BLER of 1%. Candidates may be defined according to a subset of actual NPDCCH/MPDCCH repetition numbers, such as {1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, 128, 192, 256, 384, 512, 1024, 1536, 2048}. In one example, a subset of candidates may be predefined or configured by RRC. The subset of candidates may be different for different (N)PRACH coverage levels. In addition, candidates may be defined according to a scaled Rmax, where Rmax is the maximum number of repetitions configured for type 2 CSS. A set of scaling factors may be predefined or configured by RRC, such as {1, 1/2, 1/4, 1/8} or {1, 1/2, 1/4, 1/8, 1/16, 1/32, 1/64, 1/128}. In one example, different sets of scaling factors may be defined/configured for different (N)PRACH coverage levels. In another example, different sets of scaling factors may be defined for different Rmax, such as {1, 1/2, 1/4, 1/8} for small Rmax and {1, 1/4, 1/8, 1/16} for large Rmax.
在一个示例中，重复数可为候选值之中的最小值，该最小值以不超过1％的BLER满足假设NPDCCH/MPDCCH。聚合级别(AL)可用于假设NPDCCH/MPDCCH，并且可考虑以下四个选项。在第一选项中，可在3GPP LTE规范中指定AL。例如，对于NB-IoT而言AL＝2，并且对于eMTC而言AL＝24。在第二选项中，可基于(N)PRACH覆盖级别来确定AL。对于NB-IoT而言，NPRACH覆盖级别0的AL＝1，并且其他NPRACH覆盖级别的AL＝2。对于eMTC而言，PRACH覆盖级别0和1的AL＝8或16，而PRACH覆盖级别2和3的AL＝24。在第三选项中，可基于类型2CSS的Rmax来确定AL。例如，对于NB-IoT而言，Rmax<N时AL可为1，并且Rmax>＝N时AL＝2，其中N可在3GPP LTE规范中固定或经由SIB发信号。对于eMTC而言，Rmax<N1时AL＝8，N1<＝Rmax<N2时AL＝16，并且Rmax>＝N2时AL＝24，其中N1和N2可在3GPP LTE规范中固定或经由SIB发信号。在第四选项中，待假定的AL可经由SIB信令来发信号。此外，AL可为单个值，或被定义为(N)PRACH覆盖级别的函数，或被定义为被配置用于MPDCCH/NPDCCH(分别用于eMTC/NB-IoT)的类型2CSS的Rmax的函数，其中对于最后一个选项而言，可指定一个或多个阈值以划分Rmax值的整个范围。In one example, the number of repetitions may be the minimum value among the candidate values that satisfies the assumed NPDCCH/MPDCCH with a BLER of no more than 1%. The aggregation level (AL) may be used to assume the NPDCCH/MPDCCH, and the following four options may be considered. In the first option, the AL may be specified in the 3GPP LTE specification. For example, AL=2 for NB-IoT and AL=24 for eMTC. In the second option, the AL may be determined based on (N) PRACH coverage levels. For NB-IoT, AL=1 for NPRACH coverage level 0, and AL=2 for other NPRACH coverage levels. For eMTC, AL=8 or 16 for PRACH coverage levels 0 and 1, and AL=24 for PRACH coverage levels 2 and 3. In the third option, AL may be determined based on Rmax of type 2 CSS. For example, for NB-IoT, AL may be 1 when Rmax<N, and AL=2 when Rmax>=N, where N may be fixed in the 3GPP LTE specification or signaled via SIB. For eMTC, AL=8 when Rmax<N1, AL=16 when N1<=Rmax<N2, and AL=24 when Rmax>=N2, where N1 and N2 may be fixed in the 3GPP LTE specification or signaled via SIB. In a fourth option, the AL to be assumed may be signaled via SIB signaling. In addition, AL may be a single value, or defined as a function of (N)PRACH coverage level, or defined as a function of Rmax of a Type 2 CSS configured for MPDCCH/NPDCCH (for eMTC/NB-IoT, respectively), where for the last option, one or more thresholds may be specified to partition the entire range of Rmax values.
在一个示例中，对于待假定用于测量的下行链路控制信息(DCI)格式而言，可考虑各种选项。例如，对于NB-IoT而言，可假定DCI格式N1。另选地，可假定DCI格式N2。对于eMTC而言，在一个示例中，可为所有情况假定公共DCI格式。例如，可假定DCI格式6-1A或DCI格式6-1B或DCI格式2。对于eMTC而言，在另一个示例中，可为不同PRACH覆盖级别假定不同DCI格式。例如，可为PRACH覆盖级别0和1假定DCI格式6-1A，而可为PRACH覆盖级别2和3假定DCI格式6-1B。对于eMTC而言，在又一个示例中，可为被配置用于MPDCCH的类型2CSS的不同Rmax假定不同DCI格式。例如，可为Rmax<＝N假定DCI格式6-1A，而可为Rmax>N假定DCI格式6-1B，其中N可在3GPP LTE规范中固定(例如，N＝32)或可经由SIB发信号。In one example, various options may be considered for the downlink control information (DCI) format to be assumed for measurement. For example, for NB-IoT, DCI format N1 may be assumed. Alternatively, DCI format N2 may be assumed. For eMTC, in one example, a common DCI format may be assumed for all cases. For example, DCI format 6-1A or DCI format 6-1B or DCI format 2 may be assumed. For eMTC, in another example, different DCI formats may be assumed for different PRACH coverage levels. For example, DCI format 6-1A may be assumed for PRACH coverage levels 0 and 1, while DCI format 6-1B may be assumed for PRACH coverage levels 2 and 3. For eMTC, in yet another example, different DCI formats may be assumed for different Rmax of type 2 CSS configured for MPDCCH. For example, DCI format 6-1A may be assumed for Rmax<=N, while DCI format 6-1B may be assumed for Rmax>N, where N may be fixed in the 3GPP LTE specification (eg, N=32) or may be signaled via the SIB.
在一个示例中，对于eMTC而言，关于对假设MPDCCH检测的跳频(FH)的假定，FH可被假定为被禁用。例如，被配置用于类型2CSS中的DCI监测的(第一)NB可为用于测量的频率资源。在另一个示例中，FH配置可基于为类型2CSS配置的FH。In one example, for eMTC, regarding the assumption of frequency hopping (FH) for assuming MPDCCH detection, FH may be assumed to be disabled. For example, the (first) NB configured for DCI monitoring in type 2 CSS may be the frequency resource for measurement. In another example, the FH configuration may be based on the FH configured for type 2 CSS.
在一个示例中，不同选项可用于eMTC和NB-IoT。例如，用于eMTC的Msg3中的质量报告可由CQI表示，而用于NB-IoT中非锚载波的Msg3中的质量报告可由BLER为1％的NPDCCH重复数表示，或反之亦然。另选地，相同选项可用于eMTC和NB-IoT两者，例如用于eMTC和NB-IoT中非锚载波的Msg3中的质量报告可由BLER为1％的NPDCCH/MPDCCH重复数表示。In one example, different options may be used for eMTC and NB-IoT. For example, the quality report in Msg3 for eMTC may be represented by CQI, while the quality report in Msg3 for non-anchor carriers in NB-IoT may be represented by the number of NPDCCH repetitions with a BLER of 1%, or vice versa. Alternatively, the same option may be used for both eMTC and NB-IoT, for example, the quality report in Msg3 for non-anchor carriers in eMTC and NB-IoT may be represented by the number of NPDCCH/MPDCCH repetitions with a BLER of 1%.
图4示出了物理随机接入信道(PRACH)覆盖增强(CE)级别和相关联的下行链路质量度量类型的示例。例如，CQI或用于以1％的BLER对(M/N)PDCCH进行解码的重复数可用作待报告于Msg3中的DL质量度量，并且DL质量度量类型(例如，CQI或(M/N)PDCCH重复数)之间的区别可按照如图4所示的版本13方法定义为PRACH CE级别的函数。具体地讲，UE可在与成功接收到的Msg2相对应的PRACH CE级别属于CE级别0或1时将CQI报告为DL质量度量，或可另行报告以1％的BLER对假设(M/N)PDCCH进行解码所需的重复数。唯一PRACH资源可与特定PRACH CE级别相关联(基于配置的RSRP阈值)。该PRACH资源可由UE用于UL前导码传输并且由基站用于前导码接收。因此，在成功前导码接收之后，基站可知晓UE用于Msg.3报告中的一种DL质量度量(例如，CQI或(M/N)PDCCH重复数)。FIG4 shows an example of a physical random access channel (PRACH) coverage enhancement (CE) level and an associated downlink quality metric type. For example, CQI or the number of repetitions for decoding (M/N)PDCCH at a BLER of 1% may be used as the DL quality metric to be reported in Msg3, and the distinction between DL quality metric types (e.g., CQI or (M/N)PDCCH repetitions) may be defined as a function of the PRACH CE level according to the Release 13 method as shown in FIG4. Specifically, the UE may report CQI as a DL quality metric when the PRACH CE level corresponding to the successfully received Msg2 belongs to CE level 0 or 1, or may separately report the number of repetitions required to decode the assumed (M/N)PDCCH at a BLER of 1%. A unique PRACH resource may be associated with a specific PRACH CE level (based on a configured RSRP threshold). The PRACH resource may be used by the UE for UL preamble transmission and by the base station for preamble reception. Therefore, after successful preamble reception, the base station may know a DL quality metric (eg, CQI or (M/N) PDCCH repetition number) used by the UE in the Msg.3 report.
在一个配置中，就测量参考资源而言，与用于版本14中NB-IoT锚载波的Msg3中的质量报告类似，可不定义用于质量测量的参考资源。In one configuration, with respect to measurement reference resources, similar to the quality reporting in Msg3 for the NB-IoT anchor carrier in Release 14, reference resources for quality measurement may not be defined.
在一个示例中，与用于版本13eMTC中CSI反馈的参考资源的定义类似，可定义用于信道质量测量的参考资源。参考资源可跨越N个BL/CE(对于eMTC而言)或NB-IoT(对于NB-IoT而言)DL子帧，其中N是满足N>＝1的正整数。在一个示例中，就参数N的设计而言，可预定义参数N。例如，参数N可在3GPP LTE规范中固定，或可定义从N到Rmax的映射，例如N＝Rmax/K，其中K可为1、2、4、8等。参数K可被预定义，或可取决于Rmax，例如K在Rmax增加时变得更大。另选地，可由SIB配置参数N。In one example, similar to the definition of reference resources for CSI feedback in Release 13 eMTC, reference resources for channel quality measurement may be defined. The reference resources may span N BL/CE (for eMTC) or NB-IoT (for NB-IoT) DL subframes, where N is a positive integer satisfying N>=1. In one example, with respect to the design of parameter N, parameter N may be predefined. For example, parameter N may be fixed in the 3GPP LTE specification, or a mapping from N to Rmax may be defined, such as N=Rmax/K, where K may be 1, 2, 4, 8, etc. Parameter K may be predefined, or may depend on Rmax, such as K becoming larger as Rmax increases. Alternatively, parameter N may be configured by SIB.
在一个示例中，就作为参考资源的子帧集合而言，可定义用于参考资源的子帧集合中的起始子帧。例如，第一子帧可为类型2CSS的第一子帧之前的M个子帧，其中M可为非负整数，诸如0、2或4。在另一个示例中，可定义用于参考资源的子帧集合中的最后一个子帧。例如，最后一个子帧可为Msg3传输的起始子帧之前的L个子帧，其中L为正整数。例如，L可为4，或L可为承载RAR的物理下行链路共享信道(PDSCH)的终点至Msg3传输的起点之间的延迟。L可用绝对子帧(SF)来表示，或仅计算有效DL子帧。In one example, with respect to a subframe set as a reference resource, a starting subframe in the subframe set for the reference resource may be defined. For example, the first subframe may be the M subframes before the first subframe of the type 2 CSS, where M may be a non-negative integer, such as 0, 2, or 4. In another example, the last subframe in the subframe set for the reference resource may be defined. For example, the last subframe may be the L subframes before the starting subframe of the Msg3 transmission, where L is a positive integer. For example, L may be 4, or L may be the delay between the end point of the physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) carrying the RAR and the start point of the Msg3 transmission. L may be expressed in absolute subframes (SF), or only valid DL subframes may be calculated.
在一个示例中，例如对于eMTC而言，L对于频分双工(FDD)可为6，并且对于时分双工(TDD)可等于参数subframeAssignment。在另一个示例中，例如对于eMTC而言，可定义L的不同值，具体取决于RAR中的UL延迟字段是否被设定为1。具体地讲，如果UL延迟字段被设定为1，则L对于FDD可为6+RAR所指示的Msg3重复数，并且对于TDD可为subframeAssignment+RAR所指示的Msg3重复数。在又一个示例中，例如对于NB-IoT而言，L可为12+D，其中D是RAR所指示的Msg3传输的延迟。In one example, such as for eMTC, L may be 6 for frequency division duplex (FDD) and may be equal to the parameter subframeAssignment for time division duplex (TDD). In another example, such as for eMTC, different values of L may be defined, depending on whether the UL delay field in the RAR is set to 1. Specifically, if the UL delay field is set to 1, L may be 6+the number of Msg3 repetitions indicated by the RAR for FDD, and may be subframeAssignment+the number of Msg3 repetitions indicated by the RAR for TDD. In yet another example, such as for NB-IoT, L may be 12+D, where D is the delay of the Msg3 transmission indicated by the RAR.
在一个配置中，不同选项可用于eMTC和NB-IoT。例如，对于NB-IoT非锚情况而言，可不定义参考资源，而对于eMTC而言，可基于上述技术之一来定义参考资源。In one configuration, different options may be used for eMTC and NB-IoT. For example, for the NB-IoT non-anchor case, no reference resources may be defined, while for eMTC, reference resources may be defined based on one of the above techniques.
在一个配置中，关于用于测量的频率资源，对于NB-IoT而言，用于RAR接收的非锚载波可被定义为用于测量的频域资源。对于eMTC而言，用于MPDCCH(用于RAR监测)的类型2CSS的NB可被定义为用于测量的频域资源。如果跳频被配置用于RAR的MPDCCH的类型2CSS，则可报告宽带测量。In one configuration, regarding frequency resources for measurement, for NB-IoT, the non-anchor carrier for RAR reception may be defined as the frequency domain resource for measurement. For eMTC, the NB for type 2 CSS for MPDCCH (for RAR monitoring) may be defined as the frequency domain resource for measurement. If frequency hopping is configured for type 2 CSS of MPDCCH for RAR, wideband measurements may be reported.
在一个配置中，下面描述Msg3设计。Msg3设计可适用于eMTC，并且更具体地讲，适用于使用EDT时的第一情况和不使用EDT时的第二情况。另外，Msg3设计可适用于NB-IoTIn one configuration, the Msg3 design is described below. The Msg3 design is applicable to eMTC, and more specifically, to the first case when EDT is used and the second case when EDT is not used. In addition, the Msg3 design is applicable to NB-IoT
就用于eMTC的Msg3设计而言，可在消息1(Msg1)之前执行测量。因此，在RRC层构建RRC消息并递送到下层之前，RRC层可从介质访问控制(MAC)层获得CE级别信息或测量信息。Msg3可包括一个可用位(或备用位)，该可用位可用于指示质量报告。然而，采用该方法时，质量报告的粒度可相当大，这可减少支持该特征的有益效果。In terms of the design of Msg3 for eMTC, measurements may be performed before message 1 (Msg1). Therefore, the RRC layer may obtain CE level information or measurement information from the medium access control (MAC) layer before the RRC layer constructs the RRC message and delivers it to the lower layer. Msg3 may include an available bit (or spare bit) that can be used to indicate a quality report. However, when this approach is used, the granularity of the quality report may be quite large, which may reduce the benefits of supporting this feature.
另选地，RRC连接请求消息、RRC连接恢复请求消息和/或RRC连接重建请求消息可被扩展到更大的大小，以包括承载质量报告的附加信息元素(IE)。Alternatively, the RRC connection request message, the RRC connection recovery request message and/or the RRC connection reestablishment request message may be extended to a larger size to include an additional information element (IE) carrying a quality report.
就用于eMTC的Msg3设计而言并且在使用EDT时，可使用一个备用位来指示报告CQI的IE。该位可被设定为“1”以指示RRC连接恢复请求消息在启动EDT时承载CQI报告，这可将RRC消息的大小增加一个字节。For the Msg3 design for eMTC and when EDT is used, a spare bit can be used to indicate the IE that reports CQI. This bit can be set to "1" to indicate that the RRC connection recovery request message carries the CQI report when EDT is enabled, which can increase the size of the RRC message by one byte.
图5示出了无线电资源控制(RRC)连接恢复请求消息的抽象语法标记(ASN)代码的示例。对于使用EDT的情况而言，RRC连接恢复请求消息可包括CQI报告信息元素(IE)，诸如cqi-MPDCCH-Report-r16，其可包括八个代码点，例如cqi-report1、cqi-report2等等。Figure 5 shows an example of an abstract syntax notation (ASN) code for a radio resource control (RRC) connection restoration request message. For the case where EDT is used, the RRC connection restoration request message may include a CQI report information element (IE), such as cqi-MPDCCH-Report-r16, which may include eight code points, such as cqi-report1, cqi-report2, and so on.
图6是RRC连接恢复请求消息的字段描述的表格的示例。例如，RRC连接恢复请求消息可包括“cqi-MPDCCH”，并且该字段可指示服务小区的所测量的DL信道质量，并且该字段可仅在用于EDT时存在。此外，RRC连接恢复请求消息可包括“resumeCause”，其可提供如上层所提供的RRC连接恢复请求的恢复原因。此外，RRC连接恢复请求消息可包括“resumeIdentity”，其可指示UE身份以促进基站处的UE上下文检索。此外，RRC连接恢复请求消息可包括“shortResumeMAC-I”，其可指示认证令牌以促进基站处的UE认证Figure 6 is an example of a table of field descriptions for an RRC connection recovery request message. For example, the RRC connection recovery request message may include "cqi-MPDCCH", and this field may indicate the measured DL channel quality of the serving cell, and this field may only exist when used for EDT. In addition, the RRC connection recovery request message may include "resumeCause", which may provide the recovery reason for the RRC connection recovery request as provided by the upper layer. In addition, the RRC connection recovery request message may include "resumeIdentity", which may indicate the UE identity to facilitate UE context retrieval at the base station. In addition, the RRC connection recovery request message may include "shortResumeMAC-I", which may indicate an authentication token to facilitate UE authentication at the base station
图7示出了无线电资源控制(RRC)连接恢复请求消息的ASN代码的示例。在该示例中，对于使用EDT的情况而言，RRC连接恢复请求消息可包括使用关键扩展的新IE以承载CSI报告。7 shows an example of an ASN code of a radio resource control (RRC) connection recovery request message. In this example, for the case of using EDT, the RRC connection recovery request message may include a new IE using a key extension to carry a CSI report.
图8是RRC连接恢复请求消息的字段描述的表格的示例。例如，RRC连接恢复请求消息可包括“cqi-MPDCCH”，并且该字段可指示服务小区的所测量的DL信道质量。此外，RRC连接恢复请求消息可包括“resumeCause”，其可提供如上层所提供的RRC连接恢复请求的恢复原因。此外，RRC连接恢复请求消息可包括“resumeIdentity”，其可指示UE身份以促进基站处的UE上下文检索。此外，RRC连接恢复请求消息可包括“shortResumeMAC-I”，其可指示认证令牌以促进基站处的UE认证8 is an example of a table of field descriptions for an RRC connection recovery request message. For example, the RRC connection recovery request message may include "cqi-MPDCCH", and the field may indicate the measured DL channel quality of the serving cell. In addition, the RRC connection recovery request message may include "resumeCause", which may provide the recovery reason for the RRC connection recovery request as provided by the upper layer. In addition, the RRC connection recovery request message may include "resumeIdentity", which may indicate the UE identity to facilitate UE context retrieval at the base station. In addition, the RRC connection recovery request message may include "shortResumeMAC-I", which may indicate an authentication token to facilitate UE authentication at the base station
图9和图10示出了上行链路公共控制信道(UL-CCCH)消息的ASN代码的示例。在该示例中，对于使用EDT的情况而言，可使用UL-CCCH消息类扩展来定义新RRC连接恢复请求IE以承载CSI报告。UL-CCCH消息类是可在上行链路CCCH逻辑信道上从UE发送到E-UTRAN的一组RRC消息。Figures 9 and 10 show examples of ASN codes for uplink common control channel (UL-CCCH) messages. In this example, for the case of using EDT, a new RRC connection recovery request IE can be defined using the UL-CCCH message class extension to carry the CSI report. The UL-CCCH message class is a set of RRC messages that can be sent from the UE to the E-UTRAN on the uplink CCCH logical channel.
就用于eMTC的Msg3设计而言并且在不使用EDT时，可扩展RRC连接重建请求、RRC连接请求或RRC连接恢复请求消息以在不使用EDT时报告CQI。例如，可使用UL-CCCH消息类扩展或通过使用该消息的关键扩展或通过使用Msg 3中的一个可用位(或备用位)来扩展这些RRC消息之一以在不使用EDT时报告CQI。In terms of the Msg3 design for eMTC and when EDT is not used, the RRC connection reestablishment request, RRC connection request or RRC connection recovery request message can be extended to report CQI when EDT is not used. For example, one of these RRC messages can be extended using a UL-CCCH message class extension or by using a key extension of the message or by using an available bit (or spare bit) in Msg 3 to report CQI when EDT is not used.
在一个示例中，为了向网络通知并获得Msg3的充分最小UL授权，可使用UE能力指示信令。可使用PRACH资源经由Msg1从UE发出UE能力指示的信号，这可使得为UE提供用于RAR中的Msg3的充分最小UL授权，该充分最小UL授权可大于LTE的56位(和NB-IoT的88位)的现有最小UL授权。在另一个选项中，可使用专用RRC信令来从UE发信号通知UE能力，并且网络可在系统信息中广播网络何时允许用于Msg3的更大授权。In one example, in order to inform the network and obtain a sufficient minimum UL grant for Msg3, UE capability indication signaling may be used. The UE capability indication may be signaled from the UE via Msg1 using PRACH resources, which may provide the UE with a sufficient minimum UL grant for Msg3 in RAR, which may be larger than the existing minimum UL grant of 56 bits for LTE (and 88 bits for NB-IoT). In another option, dedicated RRC signaling may be used to signal the UE capability from the UE, and the network may broadcast in system information when the network allows a larger grant for Msg3.
在另一个选项中，当网络支持并旨在接收Msg3中的CSI报告时，网络可广播系统信息中的这种指示(例如，MIB或SIB2、SIB2-BR或SIB2-NB)，其可指示网络将提供RAR中的最小充分UL授权(例如，64位)以接收Msg3中的CQi报告，该最小充分UL授权可大于LTE的56位(或比88位最小UL授权更大的NB-IoT的96位)的现有最小UL授权。In another option, when the network supports and intends to receive CSI reports in Msg3, the network may broadcast such an indication in system information (e.g., MIB or SIB2, SIB2-BR or SIB2-NB), which may indicate that the network will provide a minimum sufficient UL grant in the RAR (e.g., 64 bits) to receive CQi reports in Msg3, which minimum sufficient UL grant may be larger than the existing minimum UL grant of 56 bits for LTE (or 96 bits for NB-IoT, which is larger than the 88-bit minimum UL grant).
图11A和图11B示出了系统信息块类型2(SIB2)的ASN代码的示例。SIB2可包括对于不使用EDT的情况而言指示网络可提供RAR中的最小充分UL授权以接收Msg3中的CQi报告的指示。SIB2可包括对于不使用EDT的情况而言网络何时支持并旨在接收Msg3中的CSI报告的指示。Figures 11A and 11B show examples of ASN codes for System Information Block Type 2 (SIB2). SIB2 may include an indication that the network may provide a minimum sufficient UL grant in the RAR to receive a CQi report in Msg3 for the case where EDT is not used. SIB2 may include an indication when the network supports and intends to receive a CSI report in Msg3 for the case where EDT is not used.
图12是SIB2的字段描述的表格的示例。例如，SIB2可包括“cp-EDT”，并且该字段可指示是否允许UE启动CP-EDT。此外，SIB2可包括“cqi-ReportAllowed”，并且该字段可指示基站可处理Msg3中的CQI报告。此外，SIB2可包括“idleModeMeasurements”，并且该字段可指示基站可处理来自UE的空闲模式测量的指示。12 is an example of a table of field descriptions of SIB2. For example, SIB2 may include "cp-EDT", and this field may indicate whether the UE is allowed to start CP-EDT. In addition, SIB2 may include "cqi-ReportAllowed", and this field may indicate that the base station can process CQI reports in Msg3. In addition, SIB2 may include "idleModeMeasurements", and this field may indicate that the base station can process idle mode measurements from the UE.
图13示出了无线电资源控制(RRC)连接恢复请求消息的ASN代码的示例。在该示例中，对于不使用EDT的情况而言，RRC连接恢复请求消息可包括使用关键扩展的新IE以承载CSI报告。Figure 13 shows an example of an ASN code of a radio resource control (RRC) connection recovery request message. In this example, for a case where EDT is not used, the RRC connection recovery request message may include a new IE using a key extension to carry a CSI report.
在一个实施方案中，UE可执行来自Msg2(RAR消息)的信道质量测量。在一个选项中，MAC层可向RRC层指示构建新RRC消息以包括来自Msg2的最新测量报告，其中Msg2和Msg3之间可存在充分的间隙以构建新RRC消息。在另一个选项中，如果RAR中的UL授权足以包括MAC控制元素(CE)(例如，大于或等于64位或在使用EDT时)，则UL授权可指示复用与装配单元生成信道质量报告(CQR)MAC CE以便包括在用于Msg3的MAC协议数据单元(PDU)中。In one embodiment, the UE may perform channel quality measurement from Msg2 (RAR message). In one option, the MAC layer may instruct the RRC layer to construct a new RRC message to include the latest measurement report from Msg2, where there may be a sufficient gap between Msg2 and Msg3 to construct the new RRC message. In another option, if the UL grant in the RAR is sufficient to include a MAC control element (CE) (e.g., greater than or equal to 64 bits or when EDT is used), the UL grant may instruct the multiplexing and assembly unit to generate a channel quality report (CQR) MAC CE for inclusion in the MAC protocol data unit (PDU) for Msg3.
图14示出了CQR MAC CE有效载荷的示例。如图所示，CQR MAC CE有效载荷可包括对应于CQR的4位和4预留位。An example of a CQR MAC CE payload is shown in FIG14. As shown, the CQR MAC CE payload may include 4 bits corresponding to the CQR and 4 reserved bits.
在一个示例中，当网络接收CQR MAC CE时，MAC层可向上层(例如，RRC层)指示CQRMAC CE中包含的信息。在一个选项中，单字节CQR MAC CE可放置在CCCH服务数据单元(SDU)之前而无用于Msg3的任何MAC CE子标头，并且可由CCCH SDU的逻辑信道标识符(LCID)标识。在一个示例中，CCCH SDU可使用如图15所示的现有CCCH LCID来标识，或可由如图16所示的预留LCID标识。In one example, when the network receives the CQR MAC CE, the MAC layer may indicate to the upper layer (e.g., RRC layer) the information contained in the CQR MAC CE. In one option, a single-byte CQR MAC CE may be placed before a CCCH service data unit (SDU) without any MAC CE subheader for Msg3, and may be identified by the logical channel identifier (LCID) of the CCCH SDU. In one example, the CCCH SDU may be identified using an existing CCCH LCID as shown in FIG. 15, or may be identified by a reserved LCID as shown in FIG. 16.
图15示出了MAC协议数据单元(PDU)的示例，该PDU包括公共控制信道(CCCH)服务数据单元(SDU)和CQR MAC CE。例如，该MAC PDU可包括R/F2/E/LCID标头以及MAC有效载荷，该MAC有效载荷包括MAC CE和MAC SDU。Figure 15 shows an example of a MAC protocol data unit (PDU), which includes a common control channel (CCCH) service data unit (SDU) and a CQR MAC CE. For example, the MAC PDU may include an R/F2/E/LCID header and a MAC payload, which includes a MAC CE and a MAC SDU.
图16示出了上行链路共享信道(UL-SCH)的逻辑信道标识符(LCID)值的示例性表格。例如，“01110”的索引可对应于“CCCH和信道质量报告”的LCID值，并且“01111”的索引可对应于“预留”的LCID值。Figure 16 shows an exemplary table of logical channel identifier (LCID) values for an uplink shared channel (UL-SCH). For example, an index of "01110" may correspond to an LCID value for "CCCH and channel quality report", and an index of "01111" may correspond to an LCID value for "reserved".
在一个示例中，CQR MAC CE可包括在MAC PDU中(在CCCH SDU前面)以在Msg3中与单独MAC CE子标头一起发送，该单独MAC CE子标头可通过使用如图17所示的预留LCID来标识。In one example, the CQR MAC CE may be included in a MAC PDU (before a CCCH SDU) to be sent in Msg3 together with a separate MAC CE subheader, which may be identified by using a reserved LCID as shown in FIG. 17 .
图17示出了用于UL-SCH的LCID值的示例性表格。例如，“01110”的索引可对应于“信道质量报告”的LCID值，并且“01111”的索引可对应于“预留”的LCID值。17 shows an exemplary table of LCID values for UL-SCH. For example, an index of "01110" may correspond to an LCID value of "Channel Quality Report", and an index of "01111" may correspond to an LCID value of "Reserved".
在一个配置中，就报告重复级别(RL)和聚合级别(AL)而言，对于CE模式B，Msg3中报告的下行链路信道质量可被表示为UE推荐的以1％的BLER实现假设MPDCCH解码的重复数。此外，对于CE模式A(PRACH CE级别0、1)，下行链路信道质量可被表示为UE以1％的BLER对假设MPDCCH进行解码所需要的重复数和/或聚合级别。In one configuration, in terms of reporting repetition level (RL) and aggregation level (AL), for CE mode B, the downlink channel quality reported in Msg3 may be expressed as the number of repetitions recommended by the UE to achieve hypothetical MPDCCH decoding at a BLER of 1%. In addition, for CE mode A (PRACH CE level 0, 1), the downlink channel quality may be expressed as the number of repetitions and/or aggregation level required for the UE to decode the hypothetical MPDCCH at a BLER of 1%.
在一个示例中，可针对MPDCCH报告的重复级别(RL)数可为1、2、4、8、16、32、64、128和256。可针对MPDCCH报告的聚合级别(AL)数可为8、16和24。In one example, the number of repetition levels (RL) that can be reported for MPDCCH can be 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, 128, and 256. The number of aggregation levels (AL) that can be reported for MPDCCH can be 8, 16, and 24.
在一个示例中，用于RL的8个代码点可用作{R1or2＝1或2，R4＝4，R8＝8，R16＝16，R32＝32，R64＝64，R128＝128并且R256＝256}。另一个示例可包括{R1＝Rmax/128，R2＝Rmax/64，R3＝Rmax/32，R4＝Rmax/16，R5＝Rmax/8，R6＝Rmax/4，R7＝Rmax/2并且R8＝Rmax}。另外，用于AL的4个代码点可被报告为{AL0＝不报告，AL1＝8，AL2＝16，AL3＝24}。In one example, the 8 code points for RL may be used as {R1or2=1or2, R4=4, R8=8, R16=16, R32=32, R64=64, R128=128, and R256=256}. Another example may include {R1=Rmax/128, R2=Rmax/64, R3=Rmax/32, R4=Rmax/16, R5=Rmax/8, R6=Rmax/4, R7=Rmax/2, and R8=Rmax}. Additionally, the 4 code points for AL may be reported as {AL0=not reported, AL1=8, AL2=16, AL3=24}.
在一个示例中，如果RRC消息用于报告，则RL和RL可与进行该测量的窄带的信息包括在一起/不含进行该测量的窄带的信息。当不包括窄带的信息时，则在未启用跳频时，报告对应于用于监测寻呼窄带(PNB)或用于接收RAR的MPDCCH。In one example, if the RRC message is used for reporting, the RL and RL may be included with/without information about the narrowband in which the measurement is performed. When the narrowband information is not included, when frequency hopping is not enabled, the report corresponds to an MPDCCH for monitoring a paging narrowband (PNB) or for receiving a RAR.
图18示出了RRC连接恢复请求的ASN代码的示例，该RRC连接恢复请求包括重复级别和聚合级别的IE。RRC连接恢复请求可包括“repetitionLevel”，其可对应于r1or2、r4、r8、r16、r32、r64、r128、r256。此外，RRC连接恢复请求可包括“aggregationLevel”，其可对应于AG0、AG1、AG2、AG3。Figure 18 shows an example of an ASN code for an RRC connection recovery request including IEs for repetition level and aggregation level. The RRC connection recovery request may include "repetitionLevel", which may correspond to r1or2, r4, r8, r16, r32, r64, r128, r256. In addition, the RRC connection recovery request may include "aggregationLevel", which may correspond to AG0, AG1, AG2, AG3.
在一个示例中，Msg4很可能在从寻呼NB直接映射的NB中调度。在系统信息中，可提供寻呼窄带的偏移，其可指示基站正指示UE准备在Msg4传输很可能被调度的该NB中进行测量。当不包括该偏移时，UE可准备与寻呼窄带(PNB)或用于RAR的NB相对应的报告。In one example, Msg4 is likely to be scheduled in a NB directly mapped from a paging NB. In the system information, an offset for a paging narrowband may be provided, which may indicate that the base station is instructing the UE to prepare for measurement in the NB where Msg4 transmission is likely to be scheduled. When the offset is not included, the UE may prepare a report corresponding to a paging narrowband (PNB) or a NB for RAR.
在一个示例中，当启用跳频时，UE可准备所有跳频NB的RL和AL中的平均值或最佳值或最差值。当UE准备NB的最差或最佳RL和AL时，UE还可在用于RAR的SIB2中包括mpdcch-NarrowbandsToMonitor所指示的NB的偏移并且NB被标识为(NBRAR+偏移)mod NNB，其中NBRAR是用于RAR的NB并且NNB表示NB的总数。In one example, when frequency hopping is enabled, the UE may prepare the average or best or worst value in RL and AL of all frequency hopping NBs. When the UE prepares the worst or best RL and AL of the NB, the UE may also include the offset of the NB indicated by mpdcch-NarrowbandsToMonitor in SIB2 for RAR and the NB is identified as (NBRAR+offset) mod NNB, where NBRAR is the NB for RAR and NNB represents the total number of NBs.
在一个示例中，当要准备来自多个NB的测量的平均报告时，可使用指示来指示该报告是多个NB或单个NB的平均值。当准备平均值时，平均值可向上或向下舍入到最近报告值之一。(例如，平均值10可被报告为8，但平均值14可被报告为16)。在另一个选项中，为用于接收RAR的NB或RAR所指示的NB准备报告的进一步指示也可包括在报告中。In one example, when an average report of measurements from multiple NBs is to be prepared, an indication may be used to indicate whether the report is an average of multiple NBs or a single NB. When preparing an average, the average may be rounded up or down to one of the nearest reported values. (For example, an average of 10 may be reported as 8, but an average of 14 may be reported as 16). In another option, a further indication that the report is prepared for the NB receiving the RAR or the NB indicated by the RAR may also be included in the report.
图19示出了RRC连接恢复请求的ASN代码的示例，该RRC连接恢复请求包括重复级别和聚合级别的IE。RRC连接恢复请求可包括“repetitionLevel”，其可对应于R1、R2、R3、R4、R5、R6、R7、R8。此外，RRC连接恢复请求可包括“aggregationLevel”，其可对应于AG0、AG1、AG2、AG3。此外，RRC连接恢复请求可包括“offset”，其可对应于0、1、2、3、4、5、6、7。FIG. 19 shows an example of an ASN code for an RRC connection recovery request including an IE for a repetition level and an aggregation level. The RRC connection recovery request may include "repetitionLevel", which may correspond to R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, R8. In addition, the RRC connection recovery request may include "aggregationLevel", which may correspond to AG0, AG1, AG2, AG3. In addition, the RRC connection recovery request may include "offset", which may correspond to 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7.
图20示出了用于传送重复级别和聚合级别的MAC CE的示例。在该示例中，MAC CE为1字节。附加位可用于在UE仅报告聚合级别的情况下指示是否存在重复字段。在另一个示例中，四位可用于报告9个重复级别的代码点(1、2、4、8、16、32、64、128和256)之一加上一个“不报告”的代码点和供将来使用的预留代码点的重复级别。Figure 20 shows an example of a MAC CE for transmitting repetition level and aggregation level. In this example, the MAC CE is 1 byte. An additional bit can be used to indicate whether there is a repetition field in the case where the UE only reports the aggregation level. In another example, four bits can be used to report the repetition level of one of the code points of the 9 repetition levels (1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, 128, and 256) plus a "not reported" code point and a reserved code point for future use.
如图20所示，在MAC CE的第一示例中，MAC CE可仅指示重复级别和聚合级别。在MAC CE的第二示例中，MAC CE可进一步指示所有跳频NB(FH＝1)的平均报告或单个NB(FH＝0)的报告。在MAC CE的第三示例中，MAC CE可进一步指示用于接收RAR的NB(NB＝1)或在RAR中指示以调度Msg4的NB(NB＝0)的报告。在MAC CE的第四示例中，MAC CE可进一步指示NB偏移以确定进行测量的NB。As shown in FIG. 20 , in the first example of MAC CE, MAC CE may indicate only the repetition level and aggregation level. In the second example of MAC CE, MAC CE may further indicate an average report of all frequency hopping NBs (FH=1) or a report of a single NB (FH=0). In the third example of MAC CE, MAC CE may further indicate a report of a NB for receiving RAR (NB=1) or a NB (NB=0) indicated in RAR to schedule Msg4. In the fourth example of MAC CE, MAC CE may further indicate an NB offset to determine the NB for measurement.
在一个配置中，可使用MAC子标头中的两个未用位。例如，1预留位可被设定为“1”以指示“F2”字段，并且“E”字段可用于在UL授权较小(例如，56位)并且不需要长度指示符或不包括附加MAC CE或SDU(即，UL授权足以仅传输RRC连接请求消息或RRC连接恢复请求消息或RRC连接重建请求消息)时报告Msg3质量报告的2位。在这种情况下，还可使用3未用位，诸如“R”字段、“F2”字段和“E”字段。在另一个选项中，仅最后一个MAC子标头可用于该目的。例如，如果MAC PDU具有三个MAC CE(一个用于CCCH SDU，一个用于BSR MAC CE，并且一个用于填充)，则前两个MAC子标头中的“R”字段可如传统中那样被设定为“0”，而在最后一个MAC子标头中，“R”字段可被设定为“1”以承载来自“F2”和“E”字段的两位报告。In one configuration, two unused bits in the MAC subheader may be used. For example, 1 reserved bit may be set to "1" to indicate the "F2" field, and the "E" field may be used to report 2 bits of the Msg3 quality report when the UL grant is small (e.g., 56 bits) and does not require a length indicator or does not include an additional MAC CE or SDU (i.e., the UL grant is sufficient to transmit only the RRC connection request message or the RRC connection recovery request message or the RRC connection reestablishment request message). In this case, 3 unused bits may also be used, such as the "R" field, the "F2" field, and the "E" field. In another option, only the last MAC subheader may be used for this purpose. For example, if a MAC PDU has three MAC CEs (one for CCCH SDU, one for BSR MAC CE, and one for padding), the "R" field in the first two MAC subheaders may be set to "0" as in the tradition, and in the last MAC subheader, the "R" field may be set to "1" to carry two bits of report from the "F2" and "E" fields.
在一个示例中，当由于EDT情况或非EDT情况中的传统UL授权(即，无法承载信道质量报告的传统UL授权)而存在回退时，可使用在发送CCCH SDU时MAC子标头中的2未用位来报告CE模式B下(即，在使用PRACH CE级别2或3时)重复级别的四个代码点(R1＝Rmax/8，R1＝Rmax/4，R1＝Rmax/2以及R1＝Rmax)之一或CE模式A下(即，在使用PRACH CE级别0或1时)重复级别的四个代码点(R1＝Rmax/128，R2＝Rmax/64，R3＝Rmax/32，R4＝Rmax/16)之一。In one example, when there is a fallback due to a legacy UL grant in an EDT case or a non-EDT case (i.e., a legacy UL grant that cannot carry a channel quality report), the 2 unused bits in the MAC subheader when sending the CCCH SDU may be used to report one of the four code points (R1=Rmax/8, R1=Rmax/4, R1=Rmax/2, and R1=Rmax) of the repetition level in CE mode B (i.e., when PRACH CE level 2 or 3 is used) or one of the four code points (R1=Rmax/128, R2=Rmax/64, R3=Rmax/32, R4=Rmax/16) of the repetition level in CE mode A (i.e., when PRACH CE level 0 or 1 is used).
图21示出了包括用于Msg1中的PRACH CE级别和为2位设定的对应重复级别的表格的示例。例如，用于Msg1中的PRACH CE级别可为0、1、2或3。为2位设定的重复级别(四个代码点)可为{1,2,4,8}、{4,8,16,32}、{16,32,64,128}或{32,64,128,256}。21 shows an example of a table including PRACH CE levels used in Msg1 and corresponding repetition levels set for 2 bits. For example, the PRACH CE level used in Msg1 may be 0, 1, 2, or 3. The repetition level set for 2 bits (four code points) may be {1, 2, 4, 8}, {4, 8, 16, 32}, {16, 32, 64, 128}, or {32, 64, 128, 256}.
在一个示例中，如果2位质量报告加上一个CCCH SDU与短BSR在一起，则可使用新预留LCID，或可使用填充位或截短BSR代替短BSR。In one example, if a 2-bit quality report plus one CCCH SDU is included with a short BSR, a new reserved LCID may be used, or padding bits or a truncated BSR may be used instead of the short BSR.
在一个配置中，就用于NB-IoT的Msg3设计而言，用于NB-IoT的Msg3中可存在至少3备用位。与用于NB-IoT中锚载波的质量报告类似，可使用备用位来承载非锚情况的质量报告。在过去，NB-IoT UE仅提供锚载波中的服务小区测量报告。然而，当UE启动RACH过程时，锚或非锚载波中的PRACH资源的选择可取决于由nprach-ProbabilityAnchor配置的概率。In one configuration, with respect to the Msg3 design for NB-IoT, there may be at least 3 spare bits in Msg3 for NB-IoT. Similar to the quality reporting for the anchor carrier in NB-IoT, the spare bits may be used to carry quality reporting for non-anchor cases. In the past, NB-IoT UEs only provided serving cell measurement reports in the anchor carrier. However, when the UE initiates the RACH procedure, the selection of PRACH resources in the anchor or non-anchor carrier may depend on the probability configured by nprach-ProbabilityAnchor.
在一个示例中，在Msg1和RRC消息可包括待在Msg3中发送的信道质量报告之前可执行该测量。在这种情况下，可使用RRC消息中的一个备用位来指示现有报告cqi-NPDCCH承载用于锚载波或非锚载波的报告。在另一个选项中，可以以先前针对eMTC所述的类似方式扩展RRC消息(使用UL CCCH消息类扩展或RRC消息的关键扩展或用备用位的扩展)。可由网络经由广播消息来指示UE是否需要提供用于非锚载波的信道质量报告。出于该目的，可使用MIB中的备用位，或可在SIB2-NB中发送该指示。In one example, the measurement may be performed before Msg1 and the RRC message may include a channel quality report to be sent in Msg3. In this case, a spare bit in the RRC message may be used to indicate whether the existing report cqi-NPDCCH bearer is used for reporting on the anchor carrier or non-anchor carrier. In another option, the RRC message may be extended in a similar manner as previously described for eMTC (using a UL CCCH message class extension or a critical extension of the RRC message or an extension with a spare bit). The network may indicate via a broadcast message whether the UE needs to provide a channel quality report for a non-anchor carrier. For this purpose, a spare bit in the MIB may be used, or the indication may be sent in SIB2-NB.
在一个示例中，可使用用于Msg2的NPDCCH来执行该测量。可提供充分大的用于Msg3的UL授权，并且可提供足以测量的充分长的Msg2与Msg3之间的间隙，并且该间隙可向上层(RRC层)指示构建包括测量报告的新扩展RRC消息并将RRC消息递送到下层以便传输。In one example, the measurement may be performed using the NPDCCH for Msg2. A sufficiently large UL grant for Msg3 may be provided, and a sufficiently long gap between Msg2 and Msg3 may be provided to allow for measurement, and the gap may indicate to the upper layer (RRC layer) to construct a new extended RRC message including a measurement report and deliver the RRC message to the lower layer for transmission.
在一个示例中，可定义新的RRC与MAC交互模型，并且类似的RRC与MAC交互建模也可适用于eMTC。例如，当网络已在广播(MIB或SIB2-NB)消息中指示为Msg2测量的信道质量报告被允许在Msg3中发送或处理，则RRC层可延迟RRC消息的构建。RRC层可向MAC层指示启动随机接入过程。MAC层可通过为所选择的CE级别和载波(锚或非锚载波)选择适当的PRACH资源来启动RACH过程。当UE接收旨在用于UE的RAR时，MAC层向RRC层指示测量报告。RRC层可构建用于RRC连接建立的新扩展RRC消息(包括由MAC层提供的测量报告)，可将该新扩展RRC消息递送到MAC层以便传输。在一个示例中，可使用UL CCCH消息类扩展或RRC消息的关键扩展或用备用位的扩展来扩展RRC消息。在另一个示例中，RRC消息中的备用位可被设定为“1”以指示RRC消息中的现有字段“cqi-NPDCCH”包括用于起动RACH的非锚DL载波的报告。在又一个示例中，RRC消息中的备用位可被设定为“1”以指示RRC消息中的现有字段“cqi-NPDCCH”包括用于Msg2的相同DL载波的报告。In one example, a new RRC-MAC interaction model may be defined, and similar RRC-MAC interaction modeling may also be applicable to eMTC. For example, when the network has indicated in a broadcast (MIB or SIB2-NB) message that a channel quality report measured as Msg2 is allowed to be sent or processed in Msg3, the RRC layer may delay the construction of the RRC message. The RRC layer may indicate to the MAC layer to start the random access procedure. The MAC layer may start the RACH procedure by selecting appropriate PRACH resources for the selected CE level and carrier (anchor or non-anchor carrier). When the UE receives a RAR intended for the UE, the MAC layer indicates the measurement report to the RRC layer. The RRC layer may construct a new extended RRC message for RRC connection establishment (including a measurement report provided by the MAC layer), which may be delivered to the MAC layer for transmission. In one example, the RRC message may be extended using a UL CCCH message class extension or a key extension of the RRC message or an extension with spare bits. In another example, the spare bit in the RRC message may be set to "1" to indicate that the existing field "cqi-NPDCCH" in the RRC message includes a report of a non-anchor DL carrier for starting RACH. In yet another example, the spare bit in the RRC message may be set to "1" to indicate that the existing field "cqi-NPDCCH" in the RRC message includes a report of the same DL carrier for Msg2.
在一个示例中，可定义新信道质量报告(CQR)MAC CE并且可将其强制性地与待在Msg3中发送的DPR MAC CE一起包括在CCCH SDU前面的MAC PDU中，这可将最小所需UL授权大小从88位增加到96位。在另一个示例中，可任选地通过使用预留LCID标识用于CCCH和DPR(或扩展DPR)MAC CE及CQR MAC CE的MAC标头来将CQR MAC CE包括在MAD PDU中(即，在UL授权大小等于或大于96位时)。In one example, a new channel quality report (CQR) MAC CE may be defined and may be mandatorily included in the MAC PDU preceding the CCCH SDU along with the DPR MAC CE to be sent in Msg3, which may increase the minimum required UL grant size from 88 bits to 96 bits. In another example, the CQR MAC CE may be optionally included in the MAD PDU (i.e., when the UL grant size is equal to or greater than 96 bits) by using a reserved LCID to identify the MAC header for CCCH and DPR (or extended DPR) MAC CE and CQR MAC CE.
在一个示例中，新预留LCID可用于MAC CE子标头中以标识待与CCCH SDU复用的CQR MAC CE。In one example, a new reserved LCID may be used in the MAC CE subheader to identify the CQR MAC CE to be multiplexed with the CCCH SDU.
在一个配置中，测量资源可不受限制，并且要测量哪些DL子帧可取决于UE实现。在另一个示例中，测量资源可以以与版本14NB-IoT类似的方式定义。例如，可存在两个测量时间段：T1和T2。T1可指用于(N)PRACH CE级别决策的(N)RSRP估计的时间段，或用于非锚NB-IoT情况的NPRACH传输之前的时间段。T2可指从Msg2接收开始到Msg3传输开始的时间段。T1或T2可为该测量而定义，或另选地，T1和/或T2的使用可取决于UE实现。如果T1用于NB-IoT非锚情况，则可定义测量间隙以允许UE在NPRACH传输之前切换到非锚载波以便测量。对于T2而言，可在Msg2与Msg3之间定义间隙以允许UE有足够的时间构建测量报告，尤其是测量报告承载在需要重新构建的RRC消息中的情况。In one configuration, the measurement resources may be unrestricted and which DL subframes to measure may depend on the UE implementation. In another example, the measurement resources may be defined in a similar manner to Release 14 NB-IoT. For example, there may be two measurement time periods: T1 and T2. T1 may refer to the time period for (N)RSRP estimation for (N)PRACH CE level decisions, or the time period before NPRACH transmission for non-anchor NB-IoT cases. T2 may refer to the time period from the start of Msg2 reception to the start of Msg3 transmission. T1 or T2 may be defined for the measurement, or alternatively, the use of T1 and/or T2 may depend on the UE implementation. If T1 is used for the NB-IoT non-anchor case, a measurement gap may be defined to allow the UE to switch to the non-anchor carrier for measurement before NPRACH transmission. For T2, a gap may be defined between Msg2 and Msg3 to allow the UE to have sufficient time to construct a measurement report, especially when the measurement report is carried in an RRC message that needs to be reconstructed.
在一个配置中，描述了用于确定Msg3传输块大小(TBS)的各种机制。例如，对于支持Msg3中的DL质量报告的系统而言，可考虑与用于Msg3的TBS有关的各种机制。在一个示例中，如果UE发信号通知支持DL质量报告的能力(例如，经由(N)PRACH)，则基站可为支持DL质量报告的UE调度更大Msg3 TBS以适应DL质量报告的位数。在另一个示例中，对于基站不知晓与DL质量报告有关的UE能力的情况而言，基站可始终在Msg3中的DL质量报告受支持时调度更大Msg3 TBS。不支持DL质量报告的UE可传输填充位以适合调度的TBS。在又一个示例中，对于基站不知晓与DL质量报告有关的UE能力的情况而言，基站在有和没有DL质量报告时均可调度Msg3 TBS，并且UE可根据是否传输DL质量报告来选择要使用哪种TBS。在这种情况下，基站可对UE是否承载DL质量报告进行盲检测。In one configuration, various mechanisms for determining a Msg3 transport block size (TBS) are described. For example, for a system that supports DL quality reporting in Msg3, various mechanisms related to the TBS for Msg3 may be considered. In one example, if the UE signals the capability to support DL quality reporting (e.g., via (N)PRACH), the base station may schedule a larger Msg3 TBS for the UE that supports DL quality reporting to accommodate the number of bits of the DL quality report. In another example, for a case where the base station is unaware of the UE capabilities related to DL quality reporting, the base station may always schedule a larger Msg3 TBS when DL quality reporting in Msg3 is supported. A UE that does not support DL quality reporting may transmit padding bits to fit the scheduled TBS. In yet another example, for a case where the base station is unaware of the UE capabilities related to DL quality reporting, the base station may schedule the Msg3 TBS both with and without DL quality reporting, and the UE may select which TBS to use based on whether the DL quality report is transmitted. In this case, the base station may perform blind detection on whether the UE carries a DL quality report.
在一个示例中，对于资源分配而言，考虑到用于质量报告的附加位数与没有DL质量报告的Msg3的位数(尤其是EDT情况)相比可相当小，分配的资源对于有和没有DL质量报告的Msg3可为相同的。在另一个示例中，频域资源对于有和没有DL质量报告的Msg3可为相同的，而重复数可根据不同TBS来缩放。此外，T1可表示没有DL质量报告的Msg3的TBS，并且T2可表示有DL质量报告的Msg3的TBS。由RAR中的UL授权指示的重复数可应用于没有DL质量报告的Msg3，由R表示。有DL质量报告的Msg3的重复数可为来自受支持的重复数的值，其最接近且不小于ceil(T2/T1*R)。In one example, for resource allocation, the allocated resources may be the same for Msg3 with and without DL quality report, considering that the additional number of bits for quality report may be quite small compared to the number of bits of Msg3 without DL quality report (especially for EDT case). In another example, the frequency domain resources may be the same for Msg3 with and without DL quality report, while the repetition number may be scaled according to different TBSs. In addition, T1 may represent the TBS of Msg3 without DL quality report, and T2 may represent the TBS of Msg3 with DL quality report. The repetition number indicated by the UL grant in the RAR may be applied to Msg3 without DL quality report, denoted by R. The repetition number of Msg3 with DL quality report may be a value from the supported repetition numbers, which is closest to and not less than ceil(T2/T1*R).
在一个示例中，NB-IoT网络中的调制方案和RU数可遵循RAR中的UL授权为有和没有DL质量报告的Msg3所作的指示。In one example, the modulation scheme and number of RUs in the NB-IoT network may follow the indication of the UL grant in the RAR for Msg3 with and without DL quality report.
在一个示例中，对于EDT情况而言，由于基站已经可对有EDT且没有DL质量报告的Msg3的至多4种可能TBS执行盲检测，为了降低基站侧的复杂性，在DL质量报告受支持时，待由UE考虑EDT和DL质量报告而选择的TBS数可限于至多4。例如，基于由没有DL质量报告的EDT的SIB广播的最大TBS(由TBS0表示)，可定义更小的TBS TBS1(例如，TBS1可为接近TBS0/2的受支持的TBS，或TBS1可选自版本15eMTC/NB-IoT中的EDT的议定TBS表)，并且TBS0和TBS1可由不支持DL质量报告的UE选择，而TBS0”和TBS1”可由将传输Msg3中的DL质量报告的UE选择，其中TBS0”和TBS1”可基于TBS0来预定义。在一些示例中，对于某个TBS0而言，可不存在TBS1(例如，在TBS0＝328位时)。在这种情况下，UE可根据DL质量报告是否由UE在Msg3中承载来选择TBS0或TBS0”。In one example, for the EDT case, since the base station can already perform blind detection on up to 4 possible TBSs for Msg3 with EDT and without DL quality report, in order to reduce the complexity on the base station side, when DL quality report is supported, the number of TBSs to be selected by the UE considering EDT and DL quality report can be limited to at most 4. For example, based on the maximum TBS broadcasted by the SIB of EDT without DL quality report (represented by TBS0), a smaller TBS TBS1 can be defined (for example, TBS1 can be a supported TBS close to TBS0/2, or TBS1 can be selected from the agreed TBS table of EDT in Release 15eMTC/NB-IoT), and TBS0 and TBS1 can be selected by UEs that do not support DL quality report, while TBS0″ and TBS1″ can be selected by UEs that will transmit DL quality report in Msg3, where TBS0″ and TBS1″ can be predefined based on TBS0. In some examples, for a certain TBS0, TBS1 may not exist (eg, when TBS0=328 bits). In this case, the UE may select TBS0 or TBS0″ according to whether the DL quality report is carried by the UE in Msg3.
在一个示例中，对于重传而言，UE可使用与RAR所调度的Msg3的先前传输相同的TBS。可以以与初始传输相同的方式缩放重复数。In one example, for the retransmission, the UE may use the same TBS as the previous transmission of Msg3 scheduled by RAR. The number of repetitions may be scaled in the same manner as for the initial transmission.
在一个配置中，可使用用于调度Msg3的重传的DCI格式来向UE指示传输传统Msg3以回退到非DL质量报告Msg3传输。对于NB-IoT而言，DCI格式可指示88位TBS，这意味着Msg3的传输回退到没有EDT且没有DL质量报告的传统Msg3。对于eMTC而言，作为替代，可使用一个未用调制和编码方案(MCS)状态来指示没有DL质量报告的回退。对于EDT情况而言，可使用两个未用状态，一个未用状态用于没有DL质量报告但有EDT的回退，并且另一个未用状态用于有DL质量但没有EDT的回退。可重复使用供EDT回退到版本15eMTC中的传统Msg3的未用状态来指示没有DL质量报告且没有EDT的回退。In one configuration, a DCI format for scheduling retransmission of Msg3 may be used to indicate to the UE to transmit a legacy Msg3 to fall back to non-DL quality reporting Msg3 transmission. For NB-IoT, the DCI format may indicate an 88-bit TBS, which means that the transmission of Msg3 falls back to a legacy Msg3 without EDT and without DL quality reporting. For eMTC, as an alternative, an unused modulation and coding scheme (MCS) state may be used to indicate a fallback without DL quality reporting. For the EDT case, two unused states may be used, one unused state for fallback without DL quality reporting but with EDT, and the other unused state for fallback with DL quality but without EDT. The unused state for EDT fallback to the legacy Msg3 in Release 15eMTC may be reused to indicate a fallback without DL quality reporting and without EDT.
在一个配置中，描述了用于eMTC的Msg3中的DL信道质量报告和用于NB-IoT的非锚载波的Msg3中的DL信道质量报告的设计。在一个示例中，用于eMTC的Msg3中的DL信道质量报告和用于NB-IoT的非锚载波的Msg3中的DL信道质量报告可由MIB或SIB来启用或禁用。在另一个示例中，对于NB-IoT而言，MIB-NB或SIBx-NB(例如，x＝1、2等)可指示Msg3中的DL信道质量报告是否用于锚和/或非锚载波。在又一个示例中，DL信道质量报告度量可为(N)RSRP和/或(N)RSRQ。In one configuration, a design of DL channel quality reporting in Msg3 for eMTC and DL channel quality reporting in Msg3 for non-anchor carriers of NB-IoT is described. In one example, DL channel quality reporting in Msg3 for eMTC and DL channel quality reporting in Msg3 for non-anchor carriers of NB-IoT may be enabled or disabled by a MIB or SIB. In another example, for NB-IoT, MIB-NB or SIBx-NB (e.g., x=1, 2, etc.) may indicate whether the DL channel quality report in Msg3 is for anchor and/or non-anchor carriers. In yet another example, the DL channel quality reporting metric may be (N)RSRP and/or (N)RSRQ.
在一个示例中，DL信道质量报告度量可为CQI，其中可使用版本13eMTC的CSI表或版本15eMTC中介绍的新CQI表。版本13eMTC CQI表RCSI中使用的参数可由RRC(例如，经由SIB)配置，或可使用从RCSI到PRACH覆盖级别的预定义映射或从RCSI到Rmax的预定义映射，其中Rmax是为类型2CSS配置的最大重复数。In one example, the DL channel quality reporting metric may be CQI, where the CSI table of Release 13 eMTC or the new CQI table introduced in Release 15 eMTC may be used. The parameters used in the Release 13 eMTC CQI table RCSI may be configured by RRC (e.g., via SIB), or a predefined mapping from RCSI to PRACH coverage level or a predefined mapping from RCSI to Rmax may be used, where Rmax is the maximum number of repetitions configured for the Type 2 CSS.
在一个示例中，DL信道质量报告度量可为以1％的BLER进行NPDCCH/MPDDCH检测所需的重复数。在另一个示例中，可按照实际NPDCCH/MPDCCH重复数或按照缩放的Rmax来定义报告度量候选项，其中Rmax是为类型2CSS配置的最大重复数。在又一个示例中，可基于(N)PRACH覆盖级别、基于Rmax来在3GPP LTE规范中指定待用于假设NPDCCH/MPDCCH检测的AL，其中Rmax是为类型2CSS配置的最大重复数或由SIB信令指示。在另外一个示例中，对于NB-IoT而言，可假定DCI格式N1，而对于eMTC而言，可假定公共DCI格式，或待假定的DCI格式可取决于PRACH覆盖级别或类型2CSS的Rmax。In one example, the DL channel quality reporting metric may be the number of repetitions required for NPDCCH/MPDDCH detection at a BLER of 1%. In another example, the reporting metric candidates may be defined in terms of the actual NPDCCH/MPDCCH repetition number or in terms of a scaled Rmax, where Rmax is the maximum number of repetitions configured for a type 2 CSS. In yet another example, the AL to be used for assuming NPDCCH/MPDCCH detection may be specified in the 3GPP LTE specification based on (N)PRACH coverage level, based on Rmax, where Rmax is the maximum number of repetitions configured for a type 2 CSS or indicated by SIB signaling. In another example, for NB-IoT, DCI format N1 may be assumed, while for eMTC, a common DCI format may be assumed, or the DCI format to be assumed may depend on the PRACH coverage level or Rmax of the type 2 CSS.
在一个示例中，不定义测量资源。在另一个示例中，测量资源可被定义为N个BL/CE(对于eMTC而言)或NB-IoT(对于NB-IoT而言)DL子帧。在又一个示例中，Msg3中的预留位可用于DL信道报告，或可扩展RRC消息以包括附加IE来承载质量报告，或可在Msg3中包括专用MAC CE来承载质量报告。在另外一个示例中，测量资源不受限制并且由UE实现决定。In one example, measurement resources are not defined. In another example, measurement resources may be defined as N BL/CE (for eMTC) or NB-IoT (for NB-IoT) DL subframes. In yet another example, reserved bits in Msg3 may be used for DL channel reporting, or the RRC message may be extended to include additional IEs to carry quality reports, or a dedicated MAC CE may be included in Msg3 to carry quality reports. In another example, measurement resources are not restricted and are determined by UE implementation.
在一个示例中，测量资源可以以与版本14NB-IoT中类似的方式定义，其中用于(N)PRACH CE级别决策的(N)RSRP估计的时间段和/或从Msg2接收开始到Msg3传输开始的时间段可被定义为测量资源。在另一个示例中，如果基站启用DL信道质量报告，则基站可为Msg3调度更大TBS，或基站调度支持多个TBS值(一些TBS值用于有DL信道质量报告的Msg3并且一些TBS值用于没有DL信道质量报告的Msg3)，并且可由UE决定选择使用哪种TBS。在又一个示例中，对于Msg3的重传而言，UE可使用与先前传输相同的TBS，或可使用用于重传调度的DCI格式来指示UE传输传统Msg3以回退到非DL质量报告Msg3传输。In one example, the measurement resources may be defined in a manner similar to that in Release 14 NB-IoT, where a time period for (N)RSRP estimation used for (N)PRACH CE level decision and/or a time period from the start of Msg2 reception to the start of Msg3 transmission may be defined as the measurement resources. In another example, if the base station enables DL channel quality reporting, the base station may schedule a larger TBS for Msg3, or the base station schedules support for multiple TBS values (some TBS values are used for Msg3 with DL channel quality reporting and some TBS values are used for Msg3 without DL channel quality reporting), and the UE may decide which TBS to use. In yet another example, for retransmission of Msg3, the UE may use the same TBS as the previous transmission, or the DCI format used for retransmission scheduling may be used to instruct the UE to transmit a traditional Msg3 to fall back to non-DL quality reporting Msg3 transmission.
在一个示例中，用于Msg3中的UE报告的特定种类的DL质量度量与PRACH CE级别相关联。在另一个示例中，CQI可对应于PRACH CE级别0或1，以及另行以1％的BLER对假设(M/N)PDCCH进行解码所需的重复数。In one example, a particular kind of DL quality metric for UE reporting in Msg3 is associated with a PRACH CE level. In another example, the CQI may correspond to PRACH CE level 0 or 1, and additionally the number of repetitions required to decode a hypothetical (M/N) PDCCH at 1% BLER.
另一个示例提供了用户装备(UE)的功能2200，该UE可操作以执行下行链路(DL)信道质量测量报告，如图22所示。UE可包括一个或多个处理器，该一个或多个处理器被配置为在UE处对从eNodeB接收到的带宽减小的系统信息块类型y(SIBy-BR)进行解码，其中SIB1-BR指示UE将DL信道质量测量报告包括在UE与eNodeB之间的随机接入过程期间传输的消息3(Msg3)中，其中y是大于或等于1的正整数，如框2210中那样。UE可包括一个或多个处理器，该一个或多个处理器被配置为在UE处确定UE与eNodeB之间的DL信道的DL信道质量测量，如框2220中那样。UE可包括一个或多个处理器，该一个或多个处理器被配置为在UE处编码Msg3以便通过上行链路信道递送到eNodeB，其中Msg3在随机接入过程期间递送并且包括具有DL信道质量测量的DL信道质量测量报告，如框2230中那样。另外，UE可包括存储器接口，该存储器接口被配置为从存储器检索DL信道质量测量报告。Another example provides functionality 2200 of a user equipment (UE) operable to perform downlink (DL) channel quality measurement reporting, as shown in FIG22. The UE may include one or more processors configured to decode, at the UE, a reduced bandwidth system information block type y (SIBy-BR) received from an eNodeB, wherein the SIB1-BR indicates that the UE includes a DL channel quality measurement report in a message 3 (Msg3) transmitted during a random access procedure between the UE and the eNodeB, wherein y is a positive integer greater than or equal to 1, as in block 2210. The UE may include one or more processors configured to determine, at the UE, a DL channel quality measurement of a DL channel between the UE and the eNodeB, as in block 2220. The UE may include one or more processors configured to encode, at the UE, the Msg3 for delivery to the eNodeB over an uplink channel, wherein the Msg3 is delivered during the random access procedure and includes a DL channel quality measurement report having a DL channel quality measurement, as in block 2230. Additionally, the UE may include a memory interface configured to retrieve the DL channel quality measurement report from the memory.
另一个示例提供了eNodeB的功能2300，该eNodeB可操作以对从用户装备(UE)接收到的下行链路(DL)信道质量测量报告进行解码，如图23所示。eNodeB可包括一个或多个处理器，该一个或多个处理器被配置为在eNodeB处编码带宽减小的系统信息块类型y(SIBy-BR)以便传输到UE，其中SIB1-BR指示UE将DL信道质量测量报告包括在UE与eNodeB之间的随机接入过程期间传输的消息3(Msg3)中，其中y是大于或等于1的正整数，如框2310中那样。eNodeB可包括一个或多个处理器，该一个或多个处理器被配置为在eNodeB处对通过上行链路信道从UE接收到的Msg3进行解码，其中Msg3在随机接入过程期间递送并且包括DL信道质量测量报告，如框2320中那样。另外，eNodeB可包括存储器接口，该存储器接口被配置为向存储器发送DL信道质量测量报告。Another example provides functionality 2300 of an eNodeB operable to decode a downlink (DL) channel quality measurement report received from a user equipment (UE), as shown in FIG23. The eNodeB may include one or more processors configured to encode a reduced bandwidth system information block type y (SIBy-BR) at the eNodeB for transmission to the UE, wherein the SIB1-BR indicates that the UE includes the DL channel quality measurement report in a message 3 (Msg3) transmitted during a random access procedure between the UE and the eNodeB, wherein y is a positive integer greater than or equal to 1, as in block 2310. The eNodeB may include one or more processors configured to decode, at the eNodeB, the Msg3 received from the UE over an uplink channel, wherein the Msg3 is delivered during the random access procedure and includes the DL channel quality measurement report, as in block 2320. Additionally, the eNodeB may include a memory interface configured to send the DL channel quality measurement report to a memory.
另一个示例提供了至少一个机器可读存储介质，该至少一个机器可读存储介质具有在其上体现的用于在用户装备(UE)处执行下行链路(DL)信道质量测量报告的指令2400，如图24所示。这些指令可在机器上执行，其中这些指令包括在至少一个计算机可读介质或一个非暂态机器可读存储介质上。当由UE的一个或多个处理器执行时，指令执行：在UE处对从eNodeB接收到的带宽减小的系统信息块类型y(SIBy-BR)进行解码，其中SIB1-BR指示UE将DL信道质量测量报告包括在UE与eNodeB之间的随机接入过程期间传输的消息3(Msg3)中，其中y是大于或等于1的正整数，如框2410中那样。当由UE的一个或多个处理器执行时，指令执行：在UE处确定UE与eNodeB之间的DL信道的DL信道质量测量，如框2420中那样。当由UE的一个或多个处理器执行时，指令执行：在UE处编码Msg3以便通过上行链路信道递送到eNodeB，其中Msg3在随机接入过程期间递送并且包括具有DL信道质量测量的DL信道质量测量报告，如框2430中那样。Another example provides at least one machine-readable storage medium having instructions 2400 embodied thereon for performing downlink (DL) channel quality measurement reporting at a user equipment (UE), as shown in FIG. 24. The instructions are executable on a machine, wherein the instructions are included on at least one computer-readable medium or a non-transitory machine-readable storage medium. When executed by one or more processors of a UE, the instructions perform: decoding, at the UE, a bandwidth-reduced system information block type y (SIBy-BR) received from an eNodeB, wherein the SIB1-BR indicates that the UE includes a DL channel quality measurement report in a message 3 (Msg3) transmitted during a random access procedure between the UE and the eNodeB, wherein y is a positive integer greater than or equal to 1, as in box 2410. When executed by one or more processors of the UE, the instructions perform: determining, at the UE, a DL channel quality measurement of a DL channel between the UE and the eNodeB, as in box 2420. When executed by one or more processors of the UE, the instructions perform: encoding Msg3 at the UE for delivery to the eNodeB over an uplink channel, wherein Msg3 is delivered during a random access procedure and includes a DL channel quality measurement report with a DL channel quality measurement, as in block 2430 .
图25示出了根据一些实施方案的网络的系统2500的架构。系统2500被示出为包括用户装备(UE)2501和UE 2502。UE 2501和2502被示出为智能电话(例如，可连接到一个或多个蜂窝网络的手持式触摸屏移动计算设备)，但是这些UE还可包括任何移动或非移动计算设备，诸如个人数据助理(PDA)、传呼机、膝上型计算机、台式计算机、无线手持终端或包括无线通信接口的任何计算设备。25 illustrates an architecture of a system 2500 of a network according to some embodiments. System 2500 is illustrated as including user equipment (UE) 2501 and UE 2502. UE 2501 and 2502 are illustrated as smart phones (e.g., handheld touch screen mobile computing devices that can connect to one or more cellular networks), but these UEs may also include any mobile or non-mobile computing devices, such as personal data assistants (PDAs), pagers, laptop computers, desktop computers, wireless handheld terminals, or any computing device that includes a wireless communication interface.
在一些实施方案中，UE 2501和2502中的任一者可包括物联网(IoT)UE，该物联网UE可包括被设计用于利用短期UE连接的低功率IoT应用程序的网络接入层。IoT UE可以利用技术诸如机器对机器(M2M)或机器类型通信(MTC)，经由公共陆地移动网络(PLMN)、基于邻近的服务(ProSe)或设备对设备(D2D)通信、传感器网络或IoT网络与MTC服务器或设备交换数据。M2M或MTC数据交换可以是机器启动的数据交换。IoT网络描述了互连的IoT UE，这些UE可包括具有短暂连接的唯一可识别的嵌入式计算设备(在互联网基础结构内)。IoT UE可执行后台应用程序(例如，保持活动消息、状态更新等)以促进IoT网络的连接。In some embodiments, any of UEs 2501 and 2502 may include an Internet of Things (IoT) UE, which may include a network access layer designed for low-power IoT applications that utilize short-term UE connections. The IoT UE may utilize technologies such as machine-to-machine (M2M) or machine-type communication (MTC) to exchange data with an MTC server or device via a public land mobile network (PLMN), proximity-based services (ProSe) or device-to-device (D2D) communication, a sensor network, or an IoT network. The M2M or MTC data exchange may be a machine-initiated data exchange. The IoT network describes interconnected IoT UEs, which may include uniquely identifiable embedded computing devices (within the Internet infrastructure) with short-lived connections. The IoT UE may execute background applications (e.g., keep-alive messages, status updates, etc.) to facilitate connectivity to the IoT network.
UE 2501和2502可被配置为与无线电接入网(RAN)2510连接，例如，以通信方式耦接—RAN 2510可以是例如演进通用移动电信系统(UMTS)陆地无线电接入网(E-UTRAN)、下一代RAN(NG RAN)或某种其他类型的RAN。UE 2501和2502分别利用连接2503和2504，其中每个连接包括物理通信接口或层(在下文中进一步详细论述)；在该示例中，连接2503和2504被示出为空中接口以实现通信耦接，并且可以与蜂窝通信协议保持一致，诸如全球移动通信系统(GSM)协议、码分多址(CDMA)网络协议、一键通(PTT)协议、蜂窝PTT协议(POC)、通用移动电信系统(UMTS)协议、3GPP长期演进(LTE)协议、第五代(5G)协议、新无线电(NR)协议等。UE 2501 and 2502 may be configured to connect, e.g., be communicatively coupled, to a radio access network (RAN) 2510, which may be, e.g., an evolved universal mobile telecommunications system (UMTS) terrestrial radio access network (E-UTRAN), a next generation RAN (NG RAN), or some other type of RAN. UE 2501 and 2502 utilize connections 2503 and 2504, respectively, each of which includes a physical communication interface or layer (discussed in further detail below); in this example, connections 2503 and 2504 are shown as air interfaces to achieve communicatively coupling, and may be consistent with a cellular communication protocol, such as a global system for mobile communications (GSM) protocol, a code division multiple access (CDMA) network protocol, a push-to-talk (PTT) protocol, a cellular PTT protocol (POC), a universal mobile telecommunications system (UMTS) protocol, a 3GPP long term evolution (LTE) protocol, a fifth generation (5G) protocol, a new radio (NR) protocol, etc.
在该实施方案中，UE 2501和2502还可以经由ProSe接口2505直接交换通信数据。ProSe接口2505可另选地被称为包括一个或多个逻辑信道的侧链路接口，该一个或多个逻辑信道包括但不限于物理侧链路控制信道(PSCCH)、物理侧链路共享信道(PSSCH)、物理侧链路发现信道(PSDCH)和物理侧链路广播信道(PSBCH)。In this embodiment, UE 2501 and 2502 may also directly exchange communication data via ProSe interface 2505. ProSe interface 2505 may alternatively be referred to as a sidelink interface comprising one or more logical channels including, but not limited to, a physical sidelink control channel (PSCCH), a physical sidelink shared channel (PSSCH), a physical sidelink discovery channel (PSDCH), and a physical sidelink broadcast channel (PSBCH).
示出UE 2502被配置为经由连接2507接入接入点(AP)2506。连接2507可包括本地无线连接，诸如与任何IEEE 2602.15协议一致的连接，其中AP 2506将包括无线保真路由器。在该示例中，示出AP 2506连接到互联网而没有连接到无线系统的核心网(下文进一步详细描述)。UE 2502 is shown configured to access access point (AP) 2506 via connection 2507. Connection 2507 may include a local wireless connection, such as a connection consistent with any IEEE 2602.15 protocol, where AP 2506 would include wireless fidelity. In this example, AP 2506 is shown connected to the Internet but not to the core network of the wireless system (described in further detail below).
RAN 2510可包括启用连接2503和2504的一个或多个接入节点。这些接入节点(AN)可以称为基站(BS)、NodeB、演进NodeB(eNB)、下一代NodeB(gNB)、RAN节点等，并且可包括地面站(例如，陆地接入点)或卫星站，其在地理区域(例如，小区)内提供覆盖。RAN 2510可包括用于提供宏小区的一个或多个RAN节点(例如，宏RAN节点2511)，以及用于提供毫微微小区或微微小区(例如，与宏小区相比，具有更小的覆盖区域、更小的用户容量或更高的带宽的小区)的一个或多个RAN节点(例如低功率(LP)RAN节点2512)。The RAN 2510 may include one or more access nodes that enable connections 2503 and 2504. These access nodes (ANs) may be referred to as base stations (BS), NodeBs, evolved NodeBs (eNBs), next generation NodeBs (gNBs), RAN nodes, etc., and may include ground stations (e.g., terrestrial access points) or satellite stations that provide coverage within a geographic area (e.g., a cell). The RAN 2510 may include one or more RAN nodes (e.g., macro RAN nodes 2511) for providing macro cells, and one or more RAN nodes (e.g., low power (LP) RAN nodes 2512) for providing femto cells or pico cells (e.g., cells with smaller coverage areas, smaller user capacity, or higher bandwidth than macro cells).
RAN节点2511和2512中的任一者可终止空中接口协议，并且可以是UE 2501和2502的第一联系点。在一些实施方案中，RAN节点2511和2512中的任一者可满足RAN 2510的各种逻辑功能，包括但不限于无线电网络控制器(RNC)功能，诸如无线电承载管理、上行链路和下行链路动态无线电资源管理和数据分组调度以及移动性管理。Either of the RAN nodes 2511 and 2512 may terminate the air interface protocol and may be the first point of contact for the UEs 2501 and 2502. In some embodiments, either of the RAN nodes 2511 and 2512 may fulfill various logical functions of the RAN 2510, including but not limited to Radio Network Controller (RNC) functions such as radio bearer management, uplink and downlink dynamic radio resource management and data packet scheduling, and mobility management.
根据一些实施方案，UE 2501和2502可被配置为根据各种通信技术，诸如但不限于正交频分多址(OFDMA)通信技术(例如，用于下行链路通信)或单载波频分多址(SC-FDMA)通信技术(例如，用于上行链路和ProSe或侧链路通信)，使用正交频分复用(OFDM)通信信号在多载波通信信道上彼此通信或与RAN节点2511和2512中的任一者通信，但是实施方案的范围在这方面不受限制。OFDM信号可包括多个正交子载波。According to some embodiments, UEs 2501 and 2502 may be configured to communicate with each other or with any of RAN nodes 2511 and 2512 on a multi-carrier communication channel using orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) communication signals according to various communication techniques, such as but not limited to orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) communication techniques (e.g., for downlink communication) or single carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA) communication techniques (e.g., for uplink and ProSe or sidelink communication), although the scope of the embodiments is not limited in this respect. OFDM signals may include multiple orthogonal subcarriers.
在一些实施方案中，下行链路资源网格可用于从RAN节点2511和2512中的任一者到UE 2501和2502的下行链路传输，而上行链路传输可利用类似的技术。网格可以是时频网格，称为资源网格或时频资源网格，其是每个时隙中下行链路中的物理资源。对于OFDM系统，此类时频平面表示是常见的做法，这使得无线资源分配变得直观。资源网格的每一列和每一行分别对应一个OFDM符号和一个OFDM子载波。时域中资源网格的持续时间与无线电帧中的一个时隙对应。资源网格中最小的时频单位表示为资源元素。每个资源网格包括多个资源块，这些资源块描述了某些物理信道到资源元素的映射。每个资源块包括资源元素的集合。在频域中，这可以表示当前可以分配的最少量资源。使用此类资源块来传送几个不同的物理下行链路信道。In some embodiments, the downlink resource grid can be used for downlink transmission from any one of the RAN nodes 2511 and 2512 to the UEs 2501 and 2502, while uplink transmission can utilize similar techniques. The grid can be a time-frequency grid, referred to as a resource grid or a time-frequency resource grid, which is a physical resource in the downlink in each time slot. For OFDM systems, such a time-frequency plane representation is a common practice, which makes wireless resource allocation intuitive. Each column and each row of the resource grid corresponds to an OFDM symbol and an OFDM subcarrier, respectively. The duration of the resource grid in the time domain corresponds to a time slot in a radio frame. The smallest time-frequency unit in the resource grid is represented as a resource element. Each resource grid includes a plurality of resource blocks, which describe the mapping of certain physical channels to resource elements. Each resource block includes a set of resource elements. In the frequency domain, this can represent the minimum amount of resources that can be currently allocated. Such resource blocks are used to transmit several different physical downlink channels.
物理下行链路共享信道(PDSCH)可将用户数据和高层信令承载到UE 2501和2502。物理下行链路控制信道(PDCCH)可以承载关于与PDSCH信道有关的传输格式和资源分配的信息等等。它还可向UE 2501和2502通知与上行链路共享信道有关的传输格式、资源分配以及H-ARQ(混合自动重传请求)信息。通常，可基于从UE 2501和2502中的任一者反馈的信道质量信息，在RAN节点2511和2512中的任一者处执行下行链路调度(将控制和共享信道资源块分配给小区内的UE 2502)。可在用于(例如，分配给)UE 2501和2502中的每一个的PDCCH上发送下行链路资源分配信息。The physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) may carry user data and high-layer signaling to UEs 2501 and 2502. The physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) may carry information about the transport format and resource allocation related to the PDSCH channel, among other things. It may also inform UEs 2501 and 2502 of the transport format, resource allocation, and H-ARQ (Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request) information related to the uplink shared channel. Typically, downlink scheduling (allocation of control and shared channel resource blocks to UEs 2502 within a cell) may be performed at either of the RAN nodes 2511 and 2512 based on channel quality information fed back from either of the UEs 2501 and 2502. Downlink resource allocation information may be sent on the PDCCH for (e.g., allocated to) each of the UEs 2501 and 2502.
PDCCH可以使用控制信道元素(CCE)来传送控制信息。在被映射到资源元素之前，可以首先将PDCCH复数值符号组织为四元组，然后可以使用子块交织器对其进行排列以进行速率匹配。可以使用这些CCE中的一个或多个来传输每个PDCCH，其中每个CCE可以对应于九个的四个物理资源元素集，称为资源元素组(REG)。四个正交相移键控(QPSK)符号可以映射到每个REG。根据下行链路控制信息(DCI)的大小和信道条件，可以使用一个或多个CCE来传输PDCCH。可存在四个或更多个被定义在LTE中具有不同数量的CCE(例如，聚合级别，L＝1、2、4或26)的不同的PDCCH格式。PDCCH can use control channel elements (CCE) to transmit control information. Before being mapped to resource elements, the PDCCH complex-valued symbols can first be organized into quadruplets, which can then be arranged using a sub-block interleaver for rate matching. One or more of these CCEs can be used to transmit each PDCCH, where each CCE can correspond to four sets of nine physical resource elements, called resource element groups (REGs). Four quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK) symbols can be mapped to each REG. Depending on the size of the downlink control information (DCI) and channel conditions, one or more CCEs can be used to transmit the PDCCH. There may be four or more different PDCCH formats defined in LTE with different numbers of CCEs (e.g., aggregation levels, L=1, 2, 4, or 26).
一些实施方案可以使用用于控制信道信息的资源分配的概念，其是上述概念的扩展。例如，一些实施方案可以利用将PDSCH资源用于控制信息传输的增强的物理下行链路控制信道(EPDCCH)。可以使用一个或多个增强的控制信道元素(ECCE)来传输EPDCCH。与以上类似，每个ECCE可以对应于九个的四个物理资源元素集，称为增强的资源元素组(EREG)。在一些情况下，ECCE可以具有其他数量的EREG。Some embodiments may use the concept of resource allocation for control channel information, which is an extension of the above concept. For example, some embodiments may utilize an enhanced physical downlink control channel (EPDCCH) that uses PDSCH resources for control information transmission. One or more enhanced control channel elements (ECCEs) may be used to transmit EPDCCH. Similar to the above, each ECCE may correspond to four sets of nine physical resource elements, referred to as enhanced resource element groups (EREGs). In some cases, ECCEs may have other numbers of EREGs.
RAN 2510被示出经由S1接口2513通信地耦接到核心网络(CN)2520。在多个实施方案中，CN 2520可以是演进分组核心(EPC)网络、下一代分组核心(NPC)网络或某种其他类型的CN。在该实施方案中，S1接口2513分为两部分：S1-U接口2514，它在RAN节点2511和2512与服务网关(S-GW)2522之间承载流量数据；以及S1-移动性管理实体(MME)接口2515，它是RAN节点2511和2512与MME 2521之间的信令接口。RAN 2510 is shown communicatively coupled to a core network (CN) 2520 via an S1 interface 2513. In various embodiments, CN 2520 may be an evolved packet core (EPC) network, a next generation packet core (NPC) network, or some other type of CN. In this embodiment, S1 interface 2513 is divided into two parts: S1-U interface 2514, which carries traffic data between RAN nodes 2511 and 2512 and a serving gateway (S-GW) 2522; and S1-mobility management entity (MME) interface 2515, which is a signaling interface between RAN nodes 2511 and 2512 and MME 2521.
在该实施方案中，CN 2520包括MME 2521、S-GW 2522、分组数据网络(PDN)网关(P-GW)2523和归属订户服务器(HSS)2524。MME2521在功能上可以类似于传统服务通用分组无线电服务(GPRS)支持节点(SGSN)的控制平面。MME 2521可管理访问中的移动性方面，诸如网关选择和跟踪区域列表管理。HSS 2524可包括用于网络用户的数据库，该数据库包括用于支持网络实体处理通信会话的订阅相关信息。根据移动订户的数量、装备的容量、网络的组织等，CN 2520可包括一个或多个HSS2524。例如，HSS 2524可提供对路由/漫游、认证、授权、命名/寻址解析、位置依赖性等的支持。In this embodiment, CN 2520 includes MME 2521, S-GW 2522, Packet Data Network (PDN) Gateway (P-GW) 2523 and Home Subscriber Server (HSS) 2524. MME 2521 can be similar in function to the control plane of a conventional Serving General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) Support Node (SGSN). MME 2521 can manage mobility aspects in access, such as gateway selection and tracking area list management. HSS 2524 may include a database for network users, which includes subscription-related information for supporting network entities to handle communication sessions. Depending on the number of mobile subscribers, the capacity of the equipment, the organization of the network, etc., CN 2520 may include one or more HSS 2524. For example, HSS 2524 may provide support for routing/roaming, authentication, authorization, naming/addressing resolution, location dependency, etc.
S-GW 2522可终止朝向RAN 2510的S1接口2513，并且在RAN 2510与CN 2520之间路由数据分组。另外，S-GW 2522可以是用于RAN间节点切换的本地移动锚点，并且还可以提供用于3GPP间移动的锚。其他职责可包括合法拦截、计费和执行某些策略。The S-GW 2522 may terminate the S1 interface 2513 towards the RAN 2510 and route data packets between the RAN 2510 and the CN 2520. In addition, the S-GW 2522 may be a local mobility anchor for inter-RAN node handovers and may also provide an anchor for inter-3GPP mobility. Other responsibilities may include lawful interception, charging, and enforcement of certain policies.
P-GW 2523可终止朝向PDN的SGi接口。P-GW 2523可以经由互联网协议(IP)接口2525在EPC网络2523与外部网络诸如包括应用服务器2530(另选地称为应用功能(AF))的网络之间路由数据分组。一般地，应用服务器2530可以是提供与核心网络一起使用IP承载资源的应用程序的元素(例如，UMTS分组服务(PS)域、LTE PS数据服务等)。在该实施方案中，P-GW 2523被示出经由IP通信接口2525通信地耦接到应用服务器2530。应用服务器2530还可被配置为经由CN 2520支持针对UE 2501和2502的一种或多种通信服务(例如，互联网协议语音(VoIP)会话、PTT会话、群组通信会话、社交网络服务等)。The P-GW 2523 may terminate the SGi interface toward the PDN. The P-GW 2523 may route data packets between the EPC network 2523 and an external network such as a network including an application server 2530 (alternatively referred to as an application function (AF)) via an Internet Protocol (IP) interface 2525. Generally, the application server 2530 may be an element that provides an application program that uses IP bearer resources with the core network (e.g., UMTS packet service (PS) domain, LTE PS data service, etc.). In this embodiment, the P-GW 2523 is shown to be communicatively coupled to the application server 2530 via an IP communication interface 2525. The application server 2530 may also be configured to support one or more communication services (e.g., Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) sessions, PTT sessions, group communication sessions, social network services, etc.) for UEs 2501 and 2502 via the CN 2520.
P-GW 2523还可以是用于策略实施和计费数据收集的节点。策略和计费执行功能(PCRF)2526是CN 2520的策略和计费控制元素。在非漫游场景中，与UE的互联网协议连接访问网络(IP-CAN)会话相关联的国内公共陆地移动网络(HPLMN)中可能存在单个PCRF。在具有本地流量突破的漫游场景中，可能存在与UE的IP-CAN会话相关联的两个PCRF：HPLMN内的国内PCRF(H-PCRF)和受访公共陆地移动网络(VPLMN)内的受访PCRF(V-PCRF)。PCRF 2526可经由P-GW 2523通信地耦接到应用服务器2530。应用服务器2530可发信号通知PCRF 2526以指示新服务流并且选择适当的服务质量(QoS)和计费参数。PCRF 2526可将该规则配置为具有适当的通信流模板(TFT)和QoS类别标识符(QCI)的策略和计费执行功能(PCEF)(未示出)，该功能开始由应用服务器2530指定的QoS和计费。The P-GW 2523 may also be a node for policy enforcement and charging data collection. The Policy and Charging Enforcement Function (PCRF) 2526 is a policy and charging control element of the CN 2520. In a non-roaming scenario, there may be a single PCRF in the domestic public land mobile network (HPLMN) associated with the UE's Internet Protocol Connectivity Access Network (IP-CAN) session. In a roaming scenario with local traffic breakout, there may be two PCRFs associated with the UE's IP-CAN session: a domestic PCRF (H-PCRF) within the HPLMN and a visited PCRF (V-PCRF) within the visited public land mobile network (VPLMN). The PCRF 2526 may be communicatively coupled to the application server 2530 via the P-GW 2523. The application server 2530 may signal the PCRF 2526 to indicate a new service flow and select appropriate quality of service (QoS) and charging parameters. The PCRF 2526 may configure the rules to a Policy and Charging Enforcement Function (PCEF) (not shown) with the appropriate Communication Flow Template (TFT) and QoS Class Identifier (QCI), which initiates the QoS and charging specified by the Application Server 2530.
图26示出了根据一些实施方案的设备2600的示例性部件。在一些实施方案中，设备2600可包括应用电路2602、基带电路2604、射频(RF)电路2606、前端模块(FEM)电路2608、一个或多个天线2610和电源管理电路(PMC)2612(至少如图所示耦接在一起)。图示设备2600的部件可以被包括在UE或RAN节点中。在一些实施方案中，设备2600可包括更少的元件(例如，RAN节点不可利用应用电路2602，而是包括处理器/控制器来处理从EPC接收的IP数据)。在一些实施方案中，设备2600可包括附加元件，诸如存储器/存储装置、显示器、相机、传感器或输入/输出(I/O)接口。在其他实施方案中，下述部件可包括在一个以上的设备中(例如，所述电路可单独地包括在用于云-RAN(C-RAN)具体实施的一个以上的设备中)。Figure 26 shows an exemplary component of a device 2600 according to some embodiments. In some embodiments, the device 2600 may include an application circuit 2602, a baseband circuit 2604, a radio frequency (RF) circuit 2606, a front-end module (FEM) circuit 2608, one or more antennas 2610, and a power management circuit (PMC) 2612 (at least coupled together as shown in the figure). The components of the illustrated device 2600 may be included in a UE or a RAN node. In some embodiments, the device 2600 may include fewer elements (e.g., the RAN node may not utilize the application circuit 2602, but includes a processor/controller to process IP data received from the EPC). In some embodiments, the device 2600 may include additional elements, such as a memory/storage device, a display, a camera, a sensor, or an input/output (I/O) interface. In other embodiments, the following components may be included in more than one device (e.g., the circuit may be separately included in more than one device for a specific implementation of a cloud-RAN (C-RAN)).
应用电路2602可包括一个或多个应用处理器。例如，应用电路2602可包括电路诸如但不限于一个或多个单核或多核处理器。一个或多个处理器可包括通用处理器和专用处理器(例如，图形处理器、应用处理器等)的任何组合。这些处理器可与存储器/存储装置耦接或可包括存储器/存储装置，并且可被配置为执行存储在该存储器/存储装置中的指令，以使得各种应用程序或操作系统能够在设备2600上运行。在一些实施方案中，应用电路2602的处理器可处理从EPC接收的IP数据分组。The application circuit 2602 may include one or more application processors. For example, the application circuit 2602 may include circuits such as, but not limited to, one or more single-core or multi-core processors. The one or more processors may include any combination of general-purpose processors and special-purpose processors (e.g., graphics processors, application processors, etc.). These processors may be coupled to or may include a memory/storage device, and may be configured to execute instructions stored in the memory/storage device to enable various applications or operating systems to run on the device 2600. In some embodiments, the processor of the application circuit 2602 may process IP data packets received from the EPC.
基带电路2604可包括电路诸如但不限于一个或多个单核或多核处理器。基带电路2604可包括一个或多个基带处理器或控制逻辑部件，以处理从RF电路2606的接收信号路径接收的基带信号并且生成用于RF电路2606的发射信号路径的基带信号。基带处理电路2604可与应用电路2602进行交互，以生成并处理基带信号并且控制RF电路2606的操作。例如，在一些实施方案中，基带电路2604可包括第三代(3G)基带处理器2604a、第四代(4G)基带处理器2604b、第五代(5G)基带处理器2604c、或其他现有代、正在开发或将来待开发的代的其他基带处理器2604d(例如第二代(2G)、第六代(6G)等)。基带电路2604(例如，基带处理器2604a-d中的一个或多个)可处理使能经由RF电路2606与一个或多个无线电网络通信的各种无线电控制功能。在其他实施方案中，基带处理器2604a-d的功能中的一些或全部可包括在存储在存储器2604g中的模块中，并且可经由中央处理单元(CPU)2604e来执行。无线电控制功能可包括但不限于信号调制/解调、编码/解码、射频移位等。在一些实施方案中，基带电路2604的调制/解调电路可包括快速傅里叶变换(FFT)、预编码或星座映射/解映射功能。在一些实施方案中，基带电路2604的编码/解码电路可包括卷积、咬尾卷积、turbo、维特比或低密度奇偶校验(LDPC)编码器/解码器功能。调制/解调和编码器/解码器功能的实施方案不限于这些示例，并且在其他实施方案中可包括其他合适的功能。The baseband circuit 2604 may include circuits such as, but not limited to, one or more single-core or multi-core processors. The baseband circuit 2604 may include one or more baseband processors or control logic components to process baseband signals received from the receive signal path of the RF circuit 2606 and generate baseband signals for the transmit signal path of the RF circuit 2606. The baseband processing circuit 2604 may interact with the application circuit 2602 to generate and process baseband signals and control the operation of the RF circuit 2606. For example, in some embodiments, the baseband circuit 2604 may include a third generation (3G) baseband processor 2604a, a fourth generation (4G) baseband processor 2604b, a fifth generation (5G) baseband processor 2604c, or other baseband processors 2604d of other existing generations, generations under development, or generations to be developed in the future (e.g., second generation (2G), sixth generation (6G), etc.). The baseband circuit 2604 (e.g., one or more of the baseband processors 2604a-d) may handle various radio control functions that enable communication with one or more radio networks via the RF circuit 2606. In other embodiments, some or all of the functions of the baseband processors 2604a-d may be included in a module stored in the memory 2604g and may be performed via the central processing unit (CPU) 2604e. The radio control functions may include, but are not limited to, signal modulation/demodulation, encoding/decoding, radio frequency shifting, etc. In some embodiments, the modulation/demodulation circuit of the baseband circuit 2604 may include fast Fourier transform (FFT), precoding, or constellation mapping/demapping functions. In some embodiments, the encoding/decoding circuit of the baseband circuit 2604 may include convolution, tail-biting convolution, turbo, Viterbi, or low-density parity check (LDPC) encoder/decoder functions. The implementation of the modulation/demodulation and encoder/decoder functions is not limited to these examples, and may include other suitable functions in other embodiments.
在一些实施方案中，基带电路2604可包括一个或多个音频数字信号处理器(DSP)2604f。音频DSP 2604f可包括用于压缩/解压缩和回声消除的元件，并且在其他实施方案中可包括其他合适的处理元件。在一些实施方案中，基带电路的部件可适当地组合在单个芯片、单个芯片组中，或设置在同一电路板上。在一些实施方案中，基带电路2604和应用电路2602的组成部件中的一些或全部可诸如在片上系统(SOC)上一起实现。In some embodiments, the baseband circuit 2604 may include one or more audio digital signal processors (DSPs) 2604f. The audio DSP 2604f may include elements for compression/decompression and echo cancellation, and may include other suitable processing elements in other embodiments. In some embodiments, the components of the baseband circuit may be appropriately combined in a single chip, a single chipset, or disposed on the same circuit board. In some embodiments, some or all of the components of the baseband circuit 2604 and the application circuit 2602 may be implemented together, such as on a system on a chip (SOC).
在一些实施方案中，基带电路2604可提供与一种或多种无线电技术兼容的通信。例如，在一些实施方案中，基带电路2604可支持与演进通用陆地无线电接入网(EUTRAN)或其他无线城域网(WMAN)、无线局域网(WLAN)、无线个人局域网(WPAN)的通信。其中基带电路2604被配置为支持一种以上无线协议的无线电通信的实施方案可被称为多模式基带电路。In some embodiments, the baseband circuit 2604 may provide communications compatible with one or more radio technologies. For example, in some embodiments, the baseband circuit 2604 may support communications with an Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network (EUTRAN) or other wireless metropolitan area network (WMAN), wireless local area network (WLAN), wireless personal area network (WPAN). Embodiments in which the baseband circuit 2604 is configured to support radio communications of more than one wireless protocol may be referred to as multi-mode baseband circuits.
RF电路2606可以使用调制的电磁辐射通过非固体介质与无线网络进行通信。在各种实施方案中，RF电路2606可包括开关、滤波器、放大器等以促进与无线网络的通信。RF电路2606可包括接收信号路径，该接收信号路径可包括用于下变频从FEM电路2608接收的RF信号并向基带电路2604提供基带信号的电路。RF电路2606还可包括发射信号路径，该发射信号路径可包括用于上变频由基带电路2604提供的基带信号并且向FEM电路2608提供用于传输的RF输出信号的电路。RF circuit 2606 can communicate with a wireless network through a non-solid medium using modulated electromagnetic radiation. In various embodiments, RF circuit 2606 may include switches, filters, amplifiers, etc. to facilitate communication with a wireless network. RF circuit 2606 may include a receive signal path, which may include circuits for down-converting RF signals received from FEM circuit 2608 and providing baseband signals to baseband circuit 2604. RF circuit 2606 may also include a transmit signal path, which may include circuits for up-converting baseband signals provided by baseband circuit 2604 and providing RF output signals for transmission to FEM circuit 2608.
在一些实施方案中，RF电路2606的接收信号路径可包括混频器电路2606a、放大器电路2606b和滤波器电路2606c。在一些实施方案中，RF电路2606的发射信号路径可包括滤波器电路2606c和混频器电路2606a。RF电路2606还可包括合成器电路2606d，该合成器电路用于合成供接收信号路径和发射信号路径的混频器电路2606a使用的频率。在一些实施方案中，接收信号路径的混频器电路2606a可被配置为基于由合成器电路2606d提供的合成频率来下变频从FEM电路2608接收的RF信号。放大器电路2606b可被配置为放大下变频信号，并且滤波器电路2606c可以是低通滤波器(LPF)或带通滤波器(BPF)，其被配置为从下变频信号中移除不想要的信号以生成输出基带信号。可将输出基带信号提供给基带电路2604以进行进一步处理。在一些实施方案中，尽管这不是必需的，但是输出基带信号可以是零频率基带信号。在一些实施方案中，接收信号路径的混频器电路2606a可包括无源混频器，但是实施方案的范围在这方面不受限制。In some embodiments, the receive signal path of the RF circuit 2606 may include a mixer circuit 2606a, an amplifier circuit 2606b, and a filter circuit 2606c. In some embodiments, the transmit signal path of the RF circuit 2606 may include a filter circuit 2606c and a mixer circuit 2606a. The RF circuit 2606 may also include a synthesizer circuit 2606d, which is used to synthesize the frequency used by the mixer circuit 2606a for the receive signal path and the transmit signal path. In some embodiments, the mixer circuit 2606a of the receive signal path may be configured to down-convert the RF signal received from the FEM circuit 2608 based on the synthesized frequency provided by the synthesizer circuit 2606d. The amplifier circuit 2606b may be configured to amplify the down-converted signal, and the filter circuit 2606c may be a low pass filter (LPF) or a band pass filter (BPF) configured to remove unwanted signals from the down-converted signal to generate an output baseband signal. The output baseband signal may be provided to baseband circuit 2604 for further processing. In some embodiments, although this is not required, the output baseband signal may be a zero frequency baseband signal. In some embodiments, the mixer circuit 2606a of the receive signal path may include a passive mixer, but the scope of the embodiments is not limited in this regard.
在一些实施方案中，发射信号路径的混频器电路2606a可被配置为基于由合成器电路2606d提供的合成频率来上变频输入基带信号，以生成用于FEM电路2608的RF输出信号。基带信号可由基带电路2604提供，并且可由滤波器电路2606c滤波。In some embodiments, mixer circuit 2606a of the transmit signal path may be configured to upconvert an input baseband signal based on a synthesized frequency provided by synthesizer circuit 2606d to generate an RF output signal for FEM circuit 2608. The baseband signal may be provided by baseband circuit 2604 and may be filtered by filter circuit 2606c.
在一些实施方案中，接收信号路径的混频器电路2606a和发射信号路径的混频器电路2606a可包括两个或更多个混频器，并且可以被布置为分别用于正交下变频和上变频。在一些实施方案中，接收信号路径的混频器电路2606a和发射信号路径的混频器电路2606a可包括两个或更多个混频器，并且可以被布置为用于镜像抑制(例如，Hartley镜像抑制)。在一些实施方案中，接收信号路径的混频器电路2606a和混频器电路2606a可以被布置为分别用于直接下变频和直接上变频。在一些实施方案中，接收信号路径的混频器电路2606a和发射信号路径的混频器电路2606a可被配置用于超外差操作。In some embodiments, the mixer circuit 2606a of the receiving signal path and the mixer circuit 2606a of the transmitting signal path may include two or more mixers and may be arranged to be used for orthogonal down-conversion and up-conversion, respectively. In some embodiments, the mixer circuit 2606a of the receiving signal path and the mixer circuit 2606a of the transmitting signal path may include two or more mixers and may be arranged to be used for image suppression (e.g., Hartley image suppression). In some embodiments, the mixer circuit 2606a of the receiving signal path and the mixer circuit 2606a of the transmitting signal path may be arranged to be used for direct down-conversion and direct up-conversion, respectively. In some embodiments, the mixer circuit 2606a of the receiving signal path and the mixer circuit 2606a of the transmitting signal path may be configured for superheterodyne operation.
在一些实施方案中，输出基带信号和输入基带信号可以是模拟基带信号，尽管实施方案的范围在这方面不受限制。在一些另选实施方案中，输出基带信号和输入基带信号可以是数字基带信号。在这些另选的实施方案中，RF电路2606可包括模数转换器(ADC)和数模转换器(DAC)电路，并且基带电路2604可包括数字基带接口以与RF电路2606通信。In some embodiments, the output baseband signal and the input baseband signal may be analog baseband signals, although the scope of the embodiments is not limited in this respect. In some alternative embodiments, the output baseband signal and the input baseband signal may be digital baseband signals. In these alternative embodiments, RF circuit 2606 may include analog-to-digital converter (ADC) and digital-to-analog converter (DAC) circuits, and baseband circuit 2604 may include a digital baseband interface to communicate with RF circuit 2606.
在一些双模式实施方案中，可以提供单独的无线电IC电路来处理每个频谱的信号，但是实施方案的范围在这方面不受限制。In some dual-mode embodiments, separate radio IC circuits may be provided to process signals for each spectrum, although the scope of the embodiments is not limited in this respect.
在一些实施方案中，合成器电路2606d可以是分数-N合成器或分数N/N+1合成器，但是实施方案的范围在这方面不受限制，因为其他类型的频率合成器也可以是合适的。例如，合成器电路2606d可以是Δ-∑合成器、倍频器或包括具有分频器的锁相环路的合成器。In some embodiments, synthesizer circuit 2606d can be a fractional-N synthesizer or a fractional N/N+1 synthesizer, but the scope of the embodiments is not limited in this respect, as other types of frequency synthesizers may also be suitable. For example, synthesizer circuit 2606d can be a delta-sigma synthesizer, a frequency multiplier, or a synthesizer including a phase-locked loop with a frequency divider.
合成器电路2606d可被配置为基于频率输入和分频器控制输入来合成输出频率，以供RF电路2606的混频器电路2606a使用。在一些实施方案中，合成器电路2606d可以是分数N/N+1合成器。Synthesizer circuit 2606d may be configured to synthesize an output frequency based on a frequency input and a divider control input for use by mixer circuit 2606a of RF circuit 2606. In some embodiments, synthesizer circuit 2606d may be a fractional-N/N+1 synthesizer.
在一些实施方案中，频率输入可由电压控制振荡器(VCO)提供，尽管这不是必须的。分频器控制输入可由基带电路2604或应用处理器2602根据所需的输出频率来提供。在一些实施方案中，可基于由应用处理器2602指示的信道来从查找表中确定分频器控制输入(例如，N)。In some embodiments, the frequency input may be provided by a voltage controlled oscillator (VCO), although this is not required. The divider control input may be provided by the baseband circuit 2604 or the application processor 2602 according to the desired output frequency. In some embodiments, the divider control input (e.g., N) may be determined from a lookup table based on the channel indicated by the application processor 2602.
RF电路2606的合成器电路2606d可包括分频器、延迟锁定环路(DLL)、复用器和相位累加器。在一些实施方案中，分频器可以是双模分频器(DMD)，并且相位累加器可以是数字相位累加器(DPA)。在一些实施方案中，DMD可以被配置为将输入信号除以N或N+1(例如，基于进位)，以提供分数除法比。在一些示例实施方案中，DLL可包括级联的、可调谐的、延迟元件、鉴相器、电荷泵和D型触发器集。在这些实施方案中，延迟元件可以被配置为将VCO周期分成Nd个相等的相位分组，其中Nd是延迟线中的延迟元件的数量。这样，DLL提供了负反馈，以帮助确保通过延迟线的总延迟为一个VCO周期。The synthesizer circuit 2606d of the RF circuit 2606 may include a frequency divider, a delay locked loop (DLL), a multiplexer, and a phase accumulator. In some embodiments, the frequency divider may be a dual-mode frequency divider (DMD), and the phase accumulator may be a digital phase accumulator (DPA). In some embodiments, the DMD may be configured to divide the input signal by N or N+1 (e.g., based on a carry) to provide a fractional division ratio. In some example embodiments, the DLL may include a cascaded, tunable, delay element, a phase detector, a charge pump, and a set of D-type flip-flops. In these embodiments, the delay element may be configured to divide the VCO cycle into Nd equal phase groups, where Nd is the number of delay elements in the delay line. In this way, the DLL provides negative feedback to help ensure that the total delay through the delay line is one VCO cycle.
在一些实施方案中，合成器电路2606d可被配置为生成载波频率作为输出频率，而在其他实施方案中，输出频率可以是载波频率的倍数(例如，载波频率的两倍，载波频率的四倍)并且可与正交发生器和分频器电路一起使用以在该载波频率上生成相对于彼此具有多个不同相位的多个信号。在一些实施方案中，输出频率可为LO频率(fLO)。在一些实施方案中，RF电路2606可包括IQ/极性转换器。In some embodiments, the synthesizer circuit 2606d can be configured to generate a carrier frequency as an output frequency, while in other embodiments, the output frequency can be a multiple of the carrier frequency (e.g., twice the carrier frequency, four times the carrier frequency) and can be used with a quadrature generator and divider circuit to generate multiple signals with multiple different phases relative to each other at the carrier frequency. In some embodiments, the output frequency can be the LO frequency (fLO). In some embodiments, the RF circuit 2606 can include an IQ/polarity converter.
FEM电路2608可包括接收信号路径，该接收信号路径可包括电路，该电路被配置为对从一个或多个天线2610处接收的RF信号进行操作，放大接收信号并且将接收信号的放大版本提供给RF电路2606以进行进一步处理。FEM电路2608还可包括发射信号路径，该发射信号路径可包括电路，该电路被配置为放大由RF电路2606提供的、用于通过一个或多个天线2610中的一个或多个天线进行传输的发射信号。在各种实施方案中，可仅在RF电路2606中、仅在FEM 2608中或者在RF电路2606和FEM 2608两者中完成通过发射或接收信号路径的放大。The FEM circuitry 2608 may include a receive signal path that may include circuitry configured to operate on RF signals received from one or more antennas 2610, amplify the receive signal, and provide an amplified version of the receive signal to the RF circuitry 2606 for further processing. The FEM circuitry 2608 may also include a transmit signal path that may include circuitry configured to amplify transmit signals provided by the RF circuitry 2606 for transmission via one or more of the one or more antennas 2610. In various embodiments, amplification by the transmit or receive signal path may be accomplished only in the RF circuitry 2606, only in the FEM 2608, or in both the RF circuitry 2606 and the FEM 2608.
在一些实施方案中，FEM电路2608可包括TX/RX开关以在发射模式与接收模式操作之间切换。FEM电路可包括接收信号路径和传输信号路径。FEM电路的接收信号路径可包括LNA以放大接收到的RF信号并且提供经放大的接收到的RF信号作为输出(例如，给RF电路2606)。FEM电路2608的发射信号路径可包括功率放大器(PA)，用于放大(例如，由RF电路2606提供的)输入RF信号；以及一个或多个滤波器，用于生成RF信号以用于后续传输(例如，通过一个或多个天线2610中的一个或多个天线)。In some embodiments, the FEM circuit 2608 may include a TX/RX switch to switch between transmit mode and receive mode operation. The FEM circuit may include a receive signal path and a transmit signal path. The receive signal path of the FEM circuit may include an LNA to amplify the received RF signal and provide the amplified received RF signal as an output (e.g., to the RF circuit 2606). The transmit signal path of the FEM circuit 2608 may include a power amplifier (PA) for amplifying an input RF signal (e.g., provided by the RF circuit 2606); and one or more filters for generating an RF signal for subsequent transmission (e.g., through one or more of the one or more antennas 2610).
在一些实施方案中，PMC 2612可管理提供给基带电路2604的功率。具体地，PMC2612可以控制电源选择、电压缩放、电池充电或DC-DC转换。当设备2600能够由电池供电时，例如，当设备包括在UE中时，通常可包括PMC 2612。PMC 2612可以在提供期望的具体实施大小和散热特性时提高功率转换效率。In some embodiments, PMC 2612 can manage the power provided to baseband circuit 2604. Specifically, PMC 2612 can control power selection, voltage scaling, battery charging, or DC-DC conversion. When device 2600 is capable of being powered by a battery, for example, when the device is included in a UE, PMC 2612 can generally be included. PMC 2612 can improve power conversion efficiency while providing the desired specific implementation size and heat dissipation characteristics.
虽然图26示出了仅与基带电路2604耦接的PMC 2612。然而，在其他实施方案中，PMC 2612可以与其他部件(诸如但不限于应用电路2602、RF电路2606或FEM 2608)附加地或另选地耦接，并且执行类似的电源管理操作。26 shows the PMC 2612 coupled only to the baseband circuit 2604. However, in other embodiments, the PMC 2612 may be additionally or alternatively coupled to other components (such as, but not limited to, the application circuit 2602, the RF circuit 2606, or the FEM 2608) and perform similar power management operations.
在一些实施方案中，PMC 2612可控制或以其他方式成为设备2600的各种省电机制的一部分。例如，如果设备2600处于RRC_Connected状态，其中该设备仍连接到RAN节点，因为它期望立即接收流量，则在一段时间不活动之后，该设备可进入被称为不连续接收模式(DRX)的状态。在该状态期间，设备2600可以在短时间间隔内断电，从而节省功率。In some embodiments, the PMC 2612 may control or otherwise be part of various power saving mechanisms of the device 2600. For example, if the device 2600 is in the RRC_Connected state, where the device is still connected to the RAN node because it expects to receive traffic immediately, then after a period of inactivity, the device may enter a state known as discontinuous reception mode (DRX). During this state, the device 2600 may be powered off for short time intervals, thereby saving power.
如果在延长的时间段内不存在数据流量活动，则设备2600可以转换到RRC_Idle状态，其中该设备与网络断开连接，并且不执行操作诸如信道质量反馈、切换等。设备2600进入非常低的功率状态，并且执行寻呼，其中该设备再次周期性地唤醒以收听网络，然后再次断电。设备2600在该状态下不能接收数据，为了接收数据，它必须转换回RRC_Connected状态。If there is no data traffic activity for an extended period of time, the device 2600 may transition to the RRC_Idle state, in which the device is disconnected from the network and does not perform operations such as channel quality feedback, handovers, etc. The device 2600 enters a very low power state and performs paging, in which the device periodically wakes up again to listen to the network and then powers down again. The device 2600 cannot receive data in this state, and in order to receive data, it must transition back to the RRC_Connected state.
附加的省电模式可以使设备无法使用网络的时间超过寻呼间隔(从几秒到几小时不等)。在此期间，该设备完全无法连接到网络，并且可以完全断电。在此期间发送的任何数据都会造成很大的延迟，并且假定延迟是可接受的。An additional power saving mode can keep a device from using the network for longer than the paging interval (which can range from a few seconds to several hours). During this time, the device is completely unable to connect to the network and can be completely powered off. Any data sent during this time will be significantly delayed, and it is assumed that the delay is acceptable.
应用电路2602的处理器和基带电路2604的处理器可用于执行协议栈的一个或多个实例的元件。例如，可单独地或组合地使用基带电路2604的处理器来执行层3、层2或层1功能，而应用电路2604的处理器可利用从这些层接收的数据(例如，分组数据)并进一步执行层4功能(例如，传输通信协议(TCP)和用户数据报协议(UDP)层)。如本文所提到的，第3层可包括无线电资源控制(RRC)层，下文将进一步详细描述。如本文所提到的，第2层可包括介质访问控制(MAC)层、无线电链路控制(RLC)层和分组数据会聚协议(PDCP)层，下文将进一步详细描述。如本文所提到的，第1层可包括UE/RAN节点的物理(PHY)层，下文将进一步详细描述。The processor of the application circuit 2602 and the processor of the baseband circuit 2604 can be used to execute elements of one or more instances of the protocol stack. For example, the processor of the baseband circuit 2604 can be used alone or in combination to perform layer 3, layer 2, or layer 1 functions, while the processor of the application circuit 2604 can utilize data received from these layers (e.g., packet data) and further perform layer 4 functions (e.g., transport communication protocol (TCP) and user datagram protocol (UDP) layers). As mentioned herein, layer 3 may include a radio resource control (RRC) layer, which will be described in further detail below. As mentioned herein, layer 2 may include a medium access control (MAC) layer, a radio link control (RLC) layer, and a packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) layer, which will be described in further detail below. As mentioned herein, layer 1 may include a physical (PHY) layer of a UE/RAN node, which will be described in further detail below.
图27示出了根据一些实施方案的基带电路的示例性接口。如上所讨论的，图26的基带电路2604可包括处理器2604a-2604e和由所述处理器利用的存储器2604g。处理器2604a-2604e中的每个处理器可分别包括用于向/从存储器2604g发送/接收数据的存储器接口2704a-2704e。FIG27 illustrates an exemplary interface of a baseband circuit according to some embodiments. As discussed above, the baseband circuit 2604 of FIG26 may include processors 2604a-2604e and a memory 2604g utilized by the processors. Each of the processors 2604a-2604e may include a memory interface 2704a-2704e for sending/receiving data to/from the memory 2604g, respectively.
基带电路2604还可包括一个或多个接口以通信地耦接到其他电路/设备，该一个或多个接口诸如存储器接口2712(例如，用于向/从基带电路2604外部的存储器发送/接收数据的接口)、应用电路接口2714(例如，用于向/从图26的应用电路2602发送/接收数据的接口)、RF电路接口2716(例如，用于向/从图26的RF电路2606发送/接收数据的接口)、无线硬件连接接口2718(例如，用于向/从近场通信(NFC)部件、部件(例如，Low Energy)、部件和其他通信部件发送/接收数据的接口)以及电源管理接口2720(例如，用于向/从PMC 2612发送/接收电源或控制信号的接口)。The baseband circuit 2604 may also include one or more interfaces to communicatively couple to other circuits/devices, such as a memory interface 2712 (e.g., an interface for sending/receiving data to/from a memory external to the baseband circuit 2604), an application circuit interface 2714 (e.g., an interface for sending/receiving data to/from the application circuit 2602 of FIG. 26), an RF circuit interface 2716 (e.g., an interface for sending/receiving data to/from the RF circuit 2606 of FIG. 26), a wireless hardware connection interface 2718 (e.g., an interface for sending/receiving data to/from a near field communication (NFC) component, Parts (e.g. Low Energy), components and other communication components to send/receive data) and a power management interface 2720 (for example, an interface for sending/receiving power or control signals to/from PMC 2612).
图28提供了无线设备的示例例示，该无线设备诸如用户装备(UE)、移动站(MS)、移动无线设备、移动通信设备、平板电脑、手持终端或其他类型的无线设备。无线设备可包括一个或多个天线，一个或多个天线被配置为与节点、宏节点、低功率节点(LPN)或传输站诸如基站(BS)、演进节点B(eNB)、基带处理单元(BBU)、远程无线电头端(RRH)、远程无线电装备(RRE)、中继站(RS)、无线电装备(RE)或其他类型的无线广域网(WWAN)接入点通信。无线设备可被配置为使用至少一种无线通信标准来通信，该至少一种无线通信标准诸如但不限于3GPP LTE、WiMAX、高速分组接入(HSPA)、蓝牙和WiFi。无线设备可针对每个无线通信标准使用单独的天线或针对多种无线通信标准使用共享的天线来通信。无线设备可在无线局域网(WAN)、无线个人局域网(WPAN)和/或WWAN中通信。无线设备还可包括无线调制解调器。该无线调制解调器可包括例如无线无线电收发器和基带电路(例如，基带处理器)。在一个示例中，该无线调制解调器可调制无线设备经由一个或多个天线发射的信号并解调无线设备经由一个或多个天线接收的信号。Figure 28 provides an example illustration of a wireless device, such as a user equipment (UE), a mobile station (MS), a mobile wireless device, a mobile communication device, a tablet computer, a handheld terminal, or other types of wireless devices. The wireless device may include one or more antennas, one or more antennas configured to communicate with a node, a macro node, a low power node (LPN), or a transmission station such as a base station (BS), an evolved node B (eNB), a baseband processing unit (BBU), a remote radio head (RRH), a remote radio equipment (RRE), a relay station (RS), a radio equipment (RE), or other types of wireless wide area network (WWAN) access points. The wireless device may be configured to communicate using at least one wireless communication standard, such as but not limited to 3GPP LTE, WiMAX, high speed packet access (HSPA), Bluetooth, and WiFi. The wireless device may use a separate antenna for each wireless communication standard or a shared antenna for multiple wireless communication standards. The wireless device may communicate in a wireless local area network (WAN), a wireless personal area network (WPAN), and/or a WWAN. The wireless device may also include a wireless modem. The wireless modem may include, for example, a wireless radio transceiver and baseband circuitry (eg, a baseband processor). In one example, the wireless modem may modulate signals transmitted by a wireless device via one or more antennas and demodulate signals received by a wireless device via one or more antennas.
图28还提供了可用于来自无线设备的音频输入和输出的麦克风和一个或多个扬声器的例示。显示屏可以是液晶显示器(LCD)屏或其他类型的显示器屏诸如有机发光二极管(OLED)显示器。显示屏可被配置作为触摸屏。触摸屏可使用电容式、电阻性或另一种类型的触摸屏技术。应用处理器和图形处理器可耦接到内部存储器以提供处理和显示能力。非易失性存储器端口还可用于向用户提供数据输入/输出选项。非易失性存储器端口还可用于扩展无线设备的存储器能力。键盘可与无线设备集成或无线地连接到该无线设备以提供附加的用户输入。还可使用触摸屏来提供虚拟键盘。FIG. 28 also provides an illustration of a microphone and one or more speakers that can be used for audio input and output from a wireless device. The display screen can be a liquid crystal display (LCD) screen or other types of display screens such as an organic light emitting diode (OLED) display. The display screen can be configured as a touch screen. The touch screen can use capacitive, resistive or another type of touch screen technology. An application processor and a graphics processor can be coupled to an internal memory to provide processing and display capabilities. A non-volatile memory port can also be used to provide data input/output options to a user. The non-volatile memory port can also be used to expand the memory capacity of a wireless device. A keyboard can be integrated with a wireless device or wirelessly connected to the wireless device to provide additional user input. A touch screen can also be used to provide a virtual keyboard.
实施例Example
以下实施例涉及特定技术实施方案，并且指出了在实现此类实施方案时可使用或以其他方式组合的具体特征、要素或动作。The following examples are directed to particular technical embodiments, and indicate specific features, elements, or acts that may be used or otherwise combined in implementing such embodiments.
实施例1包括一种可操作以执行下行链路(DL)信道质量测量报告的用户装备(UE)的装置，该装置包括：一个或多个处理器，该一个或多个处理器被配置为在UE处对从eNodeB接收到的带宽减小的系统信息块类型y(SIBy-BR)进行解码，其中SIB1-BR指示UE将DL信道质量测量报告包括在UE与eNodeB之间的随机接入过程期间传输的消息3(Msg3)中，其中y是大于或等于1的正整数；在UE处确定UE与eNodeB之间的DL信道的DL信道质量测量；并且在UE处编码Msg3以便通过上行链路信道递送到eNodeB，其中Msg3在随机接入过程期间递送并且包括具有DL信道质量测量的DL信道质量测量报告；和存储器接口，该存储器接口被配置为从存储器检索DL信道质量测量报告。Embodiment 1 includes an apparatus of a user equipment (UE) operable to perform downlink (DL) channel quality measurement reporting, the apparatus comprising: one or more processors configured to decode, at the UE, a reduced bandwidth system information block type y (SIBy-BR) received from an eNodeB, wherein the SIB1-BR indicates that the UE includes the DL channel quality measurement report in a message 3 (Msg3) transmitted during a random access procedure between the UE and the eNodeB, wherein y is a positive integer greater than or equal to 1; determine, at the UE, a DL channel quality measurement of a DL channel between the UE and the eNodeB; and encode, at the UE, the Msg3 for delivery to the eNodeB via an uplink channel, wherein the Msg3 is delivered during the random access procedure and includes a DL channel quality measurement report having the DL channel quality measurement; and a memory interface configured to retrieve the DL channel quality measurement report from a memory.
实施例2包括根据实施例1所述的装置，该装置还包括收发器，该收发器被配置为：从eNodeB接收SIB1-BR；并且将包括DL信道质量测量报告的Msg3传输到eNodeB。Embodiment 2 includes the apparatus according to embodiment 1, further comprising a transceiver configured to: receive a SIB1-BR from an eNodeB; and transmit Msg3 including a DL channel quality measurement report to the eNodeB.
实施例3包括根据实施例1至2中任一项所述的装置，其中DL信道质量测量报告包括在UE处用来以小于或等于1％的块错误率(BLER)对假设窄带物理下行链路控制信道(NPDCCH)或机器类通信(MTC)PDCCH(MPDCCH)进行解码的重复数和聚合级别(AL)中的至少一者。Embodiment 3 includes an apparatus according to any one of embodiments 1 to 2, wherein the DL channel quality measurement report includes at least one of a number of repetitions and an aggregation level (AL) used at the UE to decode a hypothetical narrowband physical downlink control channel (NPDCCH) or a machine type communication (MTC) PDCCH (MPDCCH) with a block error rate (BLER) less than or equal to 1%.
实施例4包括根据实施例1至3中任一项所述的装置，其中该一个或多个处理器被配置为：在eNodeB处采用早期数据终止(EDT)时使用介质访问控制(MAC)控制元素(CE)来编码Msg3以便递送到eNodeB，其中使用预留逻辑信道标识符(LCID)来标识MAC CE。Embodiment 4 includes an apparatus according to any one of embodiments 1 to 3, wherein the one or more processors are configured to: encode Msg3 using a medium access control (MAC) control element (CE) for delivery to the eNodeB when early data termination (EDT) is adopted at the eNodeB, wherein a reserved logical channel identifier (LCID) is used to identify the MAC CE.
实施例5包括根据实施例1至4中任一项所述的装置，其中该一个或多个处理器被配置为：在eNodeB处不采用早期数据终止(EDT)时使用介质访问控制(MAC)控制元素(CE)或两个未用介质访问控制(MAC)子标头字段来编码Msg3以便递送到eNodeB，其中使用预留逻辑信道标识符(LCID)来标识MAC CE。Embodiment 5 includes an apparatus according to any one of Embodiments 1 to 4, wherein the one or more processors are configured to: encode Msg3 using a medium access control (MAC) control element (CE) or two unused medium access control (MAC) subheader fields for delivery to the eNodeB when early data termination (EDT) is not adopted at the eNodeB, wherein a reserved logical channel identifier (LCID) is used to identify the MAC CE.
实施例6包括根据实施例1至5中任一项所述的装置，其中该一个或多个处理器被配置为：编码UE能力消息以便传输到eNodeB，其中该UE能力消息指示UE能够在Msg3传输到eNodeB中进行DL信道质量测量报告。Embodiment 6 includes an apparatus according to any one of Embodiments 1 to 5, wherein the one or more processors are configured to: encode a UE capability message for transmission to an eNodeB, wherein the UE capability message indicates that the UE is capable of performing DL channel quality measurement reporting in Msg3 transmitted to the eNodeB.
实施例7包括根据实施例1至6中任一项所述的装置，其中不为UE预定义用于来自UE的DL信道质量测量报告的参考资源。Embodiment 7 includes the apparatus of any one of Embodiments 1 to 6, wherein reference resources for DL channel quality measurement reports from the UE are not predefined for the UE.
实施例8包括根据实施例1至7中任一项所述的装置，其中该一个或多个处理器被配置为基于在随机接入过程期间从eNodeB接收到的Msg2来确定用于DL信道的DL信道质量测量，其中该Msg2对应于随机接入响应(RAR)消息。Embodiment 8 includes an apparatus according to any one of Embodiments 1 to 7, wherein the one or more processors are configured to determine a DL channel quality measurement for a DL channel based on a Msg2 received from the eNodeB during a random access procedure, wherein the Msg2 corresponds to a random access response (RAR) message.
实施例9包括根据实施例1至8中任一项所述的装置，其中该UE被配置用于增强型机器类通信(eMTC)系统中的Msg3中的DL信道质量报告。Embodiment 9 includes the apparatus of any one of Embodiments 1 to 8, wherein the UE is configured for DL channel quality reporting in Msg3 in an enhanced machine type communication (eMTC) system.
实施例10包括根据实施例1至9中任一项所述的装置，其中该UE被配置用于窄带物联网(NB-IoT)系统中的锚载波或非锚载波的Msg3中的DL信道质量报告。Embodiment 10 includes an apparatus according to any one of embodiments 1 to 9, wherein the UE is configured for DL channel quality reporting in Msg3 of an anchor carrier or a non-anchor carrier in a narrowband Internet of Things (NB-IoT) system.
实施例11包括一种可操作以对从用户装备(UE)接收到的下行链路(DL)信道质量测量报告进行解码的eNodeB的装置，该装置包括：一个或多个处理器，该一个或多个处理器被配置为：在eNodeB处编码带宽减小的系统信息块类型y(SIBy-BR)以便传输到UE，其中SIB1-BR指示UE将DL信道质量测量报告包括在UE与eNodeB之间的随机接入过程期间传输的消息3(Msg3)中，其中y是大于或等于1的正整数；并且在eNodeB处对通过上行链路信道从UE接收到的Msg3进行解码，其中Msg3在随机接入过程期间递送并且包括DL信道质量测量报告；和存储器接口，该存储器接口被配置为向存储器发送DL信道质量测量报告。Embodiment 11 includes an apparatus of an eNodeB operable to decode a downlink (DL) channel quality measurement report received from a user equipment (UE), the apparatus comprising: one or more processors configured to: encode a reduced bandwidth system information block type y (SIBy-BR) at the eNodeB for transmission to the UE, wherein the SIB1-BR indicates that the UE includes the DL channel quality measurement report in a message 3 (Msg3) transmitted during a random access procedure between the UE and the eNodeB, wherein y is a positive integer greater than or equal to 1; and decode the Msg3 received from the UE via an uplink channel at the eNodeB, wherein the Msg3 is delivered during the random access procedure and includes the DL channel quality measurement report; and a memory interface configured to send the DL channel quality measurement report to a memory.
实施例12包括根据实施例11所述的装置，该装置还包括收发器，该收发器被配置为：将SIB1-BR发送到UE；并且从UE接收包括DL信道质量测量报告的Msg3。Embodiment 12 includes the apparatus according to embodiment 11, further comprising a transceiver configured to: send the SIB1-BR to the UE; and receive Msg3 including the DL channel quality measurement report from the UE.
实施例13包括根据实施例11至12中任一项所述的装置，其中DL信道质量测量报告包括在UE处用来以小于或等于1％的块错误率(BLER)对假设窄带物理下行链路控制信道(NPDCCH)或机器类通信(MTC)PDCCH(MPDCCH)进行解码的重复数和聚合级别(AL)中的至少一者。Embodiment 13 includes an apparatus according to any one of embodiments 11 to 12, wherein the DL channel quality measurement report includes at least one of a number of repetitions and an aggregation level (AL) used at the UE to decode a hypothetical narrowband physical downlink control channel (NPDCCH) or a machine type communication (MTC) PDCCH (MPDCCH) with a block error rate (BLER) less than or equal to 1%.
实施例14包括根据实施例11至13中任一项所述的装置，其中在eNodeB处采用早期数据终止(EDT)时在eNodeB处经由介质访问控制(MAC)控制元素(CE)来接收Msg3，其中使用预留逻辑信道标识符(LCID)来标识MAC CE。Embodiment 14 includes an apparatus according to any one of embodiments 11 to 13, wherein Msg3 is received at the eNodeB via a medium access control (MAC) control element (CE) when early data termination (EDT) is adopted at the eNodeB, wherein a reserved logical channel identifier (LCID) is used to identify the MAC CE.
实施例15包括根据实施例11至14中任一项所述的装置，其中该一个或多个处理器被配置为：对从UE接收到的UE能力消息进行解码，其中该UE能力消息指示UE能够在Msg3传输到eNodeB中进行DL信道质量测量报告。Embodiment 15 includes an apparatus according to any one of Embodiments 11 to 14, wherein the one or more processors are configured to: decode a UE capability message received from a UE, wherein the UE capability message indicates that the UE is capable of performing DL channel quality measurement reporting in Msg3 transmitted to the eNodeB.
实施例16包括根据实施例11至15中任一项所述的装置，其中eNodeB包括在增强型机器类通信(eMTC)系统中。Embodiment 16 includes the apparatus of any one of Embodiments 11 to 15, wherein the eNodeB is included in an enhanced machine type communication (eMTC) system.
实施例17包括根据实施例11至16中任一项所述的装置，其中Msg3中的DL信道质量报告用于窄带物联网(NB-IoT)系统中的锚载波或非锚载波。Embodiment 17 includes an apparatus according to any one of Embodiments 11 to 16, wherein the DL channel quality report in Msg3 is used for an anchor carrier or a non-anchor carrier in a narrowband Internet of Things (NB-IoT) system.
实施例18包括至少一个非暂态机器可读存储介质，该至少一个非暂态机器可读存储介质具有在其上体现的用于在用户装备(UE)处执行下行链路(DL)信道质量测量报告的指令，当由UE处的一个或多个处理器执行时，所述指令执行以下操作：在UE处对从eNodeB接收到的带宽减小的系统信息块类型y(SIBy-BR)进行解码，其中SIB1-BR指示UE将DL信道质量测量报告包括在UE与eNodeB之间的随机接入过程期间传输的消息3(Msg3)中，其中y是大于或等于1的正整数；在UE处确定UE与eNodeB之间的DL信道的DL信道质量测量；并且在UE处编码Msg3以便通过上行链路信道递送到eNodeB，其中Msg3在随机接入过程期间递送并且包括具有DL信道质量测量的DL信道质量测量报告。Embodiment 18 includes at least one non-transitory machine-readable storage medium having instructions embodied thereon for performing downlink (DL) channel quality measurement reporting at a user equipment (UE), which, when executed by one or more processors at the UE, perform the following operations: decoding, at the UE, a reduced bandwidth system information block type y (SIBy-BR) received from an eNodeB, wherein the SIB1-BR indicates that the UE includes a DL channel quality measurement report in a message 3 (Msg3) transmitted during a random access procedure between the UE and the eNodeB, wherein y is a positive integer greater than or equal to 1; determining, at the UE, a DL channel quality measurement of a DL channel between the UE and the eNodeB; and encoding the Msg3 at the UE for delivery to the eNodeB via an uplink channel, wherein the Msg3 is delivered during the random access procedure and includes a DL channel quality measurement report having the DL channel quality measurement.
实施例19包括根据实施例18所述的至少一个非暂态机器可读存储介质，其中DL信道质量测量报告包括在UE处用来以小于或等于1％的块错误率(BLER)对假设窄带物理下行链路控制信道(NPDCCH)或机器类通信(MTC)PDCCH(MPDCCH)进行解码的重复数和聚合级别(AL)中的至少一者。Embodiment 19 includes at least one non-transitory machine-readable storage medium according to embodiment 18, wherein the DL channel quality measurement report includes at least one of a number of repetitions and an aggregation level (AL) used at the UE to decode a hypothetical narrowband physical downlink control channel (NPDCCH) or a machine type communication (MTC) PDCCH (MPDCCH) with a block error rate (BLER) less than or equal to 1%.
实施例20包括根据实施例18至19中任一项所述的至少一个非暂态机器可读存储介质，该至少一个非暂态机器可读存储介质还包括在执行时执行以下步骤的指令：在eNodeB处采用早期数据终止(EDT)时使用介质访问控制(MAC)控制元素(CE)来编码Msg3以便递送到eNodeB，其中使用预留逻辑信道标识符(LCID)来标识MAC CE。Embodiment 20 includes at least one non-transitory machine-readable storage medium according to any one of embodiments 18 to 19, and the at least one non-transitory machine-readable storage medium also includes instructions for performing the following steps when executed: using a medium access control (MAC) control element (CE) to encode Msg3 for delivery to the eNodeB when early data termination (EDT) is adopted at the eNodeB, wherein a reserved logical channel identifier (LCID) is used to identify the MAC CE.
实施例21包括根据实施例18至20中任一项所述的至少一个非暂态机器可读存储介质，该至少一个非暂态机器可读存储介质还包括在执行时执行以下步骤的指令：编码UE能力消息以便传输到eNodeB，其中该UE能力消息指示UE能够在Msg3传输到eNodeB中进行DL信道质量测量报告。Embodiment 21 includes at least one non-transitory machine-readable storage medium according to any one of Embodiments 18 to 20, and the at least one non-transitory machine-readable storage medium also includes instructions for performing the following steps when executed: encoding a UE capability message for transmission to an eNodeB, wherein the UE capability message indicates that the UE is capable of performing DL channel quality measurement reporting in Msg3 transmitted to the eNodeB.
实施例22包括根据实施例18至21中任一项所述的至少一个非暂态机器可读存储介质，该至少一个非暂态机器可读存储介质还包括在执行时执行以下步骤的指令：基于在随机接入过程期间从eNodeB接收到的Msg2来确定用于DL信道的DL信道质量测量，其中该Msg2对应于随机接入响应(RAR)消息。Embodiment 22 includes at least one non-transitory machine-readable storage medium according to any one of embodiments 18 to 21, and the at least one non-transitory machine-readable storage medium also includes instructions for performing the following steps when executed: determining a DL channel quality measurement for a DL channel based on a Msg2 received from the eNodeB during a random access process, wherein the Msg2 corresponds to a random access response (RAR) message.
实施例23包括根据实施例18至22中任一项所述的至少一个非暂态机器可读存储介质，其中该UE被配置用于增强型机器类通信(eMTC)系统中的Msg3中的DL信道质量报告。Embodiment 23 includes at least one non-transitory machine-readable storage medium according to any one of Embodiments 18 to 22, wherein the UE is configured for DL channel quality reporting in Msg3 in an enhanced machine type communication (eMTC) system.
实施例24包括根据实施例18至23中任一项所述的至少一个非暂态机器可读存储介质，其中该UE被配置用于窄带物联网(NB-IoT)系统中的锚载波或非锚载波的Msg3中的DL信道质量报告。Embodiment 24 includes at least one non-transitory machine-readable storage medium according to any one of Embodiments 18 to 23, wherein the UE is configured for DL channel quality reporting in Msg3 of an anchor carrier or a non-anchor carrier in a narrowband Internet of Things (NB-IoT) system.
各种技术或其某些方面或部分可采用体现在有形介质诸如软盘、光盘只读存储器(CD-ROM)、硬盘驱动器、非暂态计算机可读存储介质或任何其他机器可读存储介质中的程序代码(即，指令)的形式，其中当该程序代码被加载到机器诸如计算机中并由该机器执行时，该机器变成用于实践各种技术的装置。在可编程计算机上执行程序代码的情况下，计算设备可包括处理器、可由该处理器读取的存储介质(包括易失性和非易失性存储器和/或存储元件)、至少一个输入设备和至少一个输出设备。易失性和非易失性存储器和/或存储元件可以是随机存取存储器(RAM)、可擦除可编程只读存储器(EPROM)、闪存驱动器、光驱、磁性硬盘驱动器、固态驱动器或用于存储电子数据的其他介质。节点和无线设备还可包括收发模块(即，收发器)、计数模块(即，计数器)、处理模块(即，处理器)和/或时钟模块(即，时钟)或定时模块(即，定时器)。在一个示例中，收发模块的选定部件可位于云无线电接入网络(C-RAN)中。可实现或利用本文所述的各种技术的一个或多个程序可使用应用编程接口(API)、可重复使用的控件等。此类程序可以高级程序性的或面向对象的编程语言来实现以与计算机系统通信。然而，如果需要，一个或多个程序可以汇编语言或机器语言来实现。在任何情况下，语言可以是编译或解译语言，并且与硬件具体实施相组合。Various technologies or some aspects or parts thereof may be in the form of program codes (i.e., instructions) embodied in tangible media such as floppy disks, compact disk read-only memories (CD-ROMs), hard disk drives, non-transitory computer-readable storage media, or any other machine-readable storage media, wherein when the program code is loaded into a machine such as a computer and executed by the machine, the machine becomes a device for practicing various technologies. In the case of executing program codes on a programmable computer, a computing device may include a processor, a storage medium (including volatile and non-volatile memory and/or storage elements) readable by the processor, at least one input device, and at least one output device. Volatile and non-volatile memory and/or storage elements may be random access memory (RAM), erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), flash drives, optical drives, magnetic hard disk drives, solid-state drives, or other media for storing electronic data. Nodes and wireless devices may also include transceiver modules (i.e., transceivers), counting modules (i.e., counters), processing modules (i.e., processors), and/or clock modules (i.e., clocks) or timing modules (i.e., timers). In one example, selected components of the transceiver module may be located in a cloud radio access network (C-RAN). One or more programs that may implement or utilize the various techniques described herein may use an application programming interface (API), reusable controls, and the like. Such programs may be implemented in a high-level procedural or object-oriented programming language to communicate with a computer system. However, if desired, one or more programs may be implemented in assembly language or machine language. In any case, the language may be a compiled or interpreted language and combined with a hardware implementation.
如本文所用，术语“电路”可指以下项、可以是以下项的一部分或可包括以下项：执行一个或多个软件或固件程序、组合逻辑电路和/或提供所述的功能的其他合适的硬件部件的专用集成电路(ASIC)、电子电路、处理器(共享、专用或组)和/或存储器(共享、专用或组)。在一些实施方案中，电路可实现在一个或多个软件或固件模块中，或与该电路相关联的功能可由一个或多个软件或固件模块来实现。在一些实施方案中，电路可包括逻辑部件，该逻辑部件可至少部分地在硬件中操作。As used herein, the term "circuit" may refer to, may be part of, or may include an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), electronic circuit, processor (shared, dedicated, or group), and/or memory (shared, dedicated, or group) that executes one or more software or firmware programs, combinational logic circuits, and/or other suitable hardware components that provide the described functionality. In some embodiments, a circuit may be implemented in one or more software or firmware modules, or the functionality associated with the circuit may be implemented by one or more software or firmware modules. In some embodiments, a circuit may include a logic component that may operate at least partially in hardware.
应当理解，本说明书中所述的许多功能单元已被标记为模块，以便更具体地强调它们的实施独立性。例如，模块可实现为硬件电路，该硬件电路包括定制的超大规模集成(VLSI)电路或门阵列、现成半导体(诸如逻辑芯片、晶体管)或其他分立部件。模块还可在可编程硬件设备(诸如，现场可编程门阵列、可编程阵列逻辑、可编程逻辑设备等)中实现。It should be understood that many of the functional units described in this specification have been labeled as modules in order to more specifically emphasize their implementation independence. For example, a module may be implemented as a hardware circuit that includes a custom very large scale integrated (VLSI) circuit or gate array, an off-the-shelf semiconductor (such as a logic chip, a transistor), or other discrete components. A module may also be implemented in a programmable hardware device (such as a field programmable gate array, a programmable array logic, a programmable logic device, etc.).
模块还可在软件中实现以由各种类型的处理器执行。经识别的可执行代码模块可例如包括计算机指令的一个或多个物理或逻辑块，该一个或多个物理或逻辑块可例如被组织为对象、过程或功能。然而，经识别的模块的执行档可不物理地定位在一起，但可包括存储在不同位置的不同指令，当逻辑地连接在一起时，这些指令包括模块并实现该模块的既定目的。Modules may also be implemented in software to be executed by various types of processors. An identified executable code module may, for example, include one or more physical or logical blocks of computer instructions, which may, for example, be organized as objects, procedures, or functions. However, the executable files of the identified modules may not be physically located together, but may include different instructions stored in different locations, which, when logically connected together, comprise the module and achieve the intended purpose of the module.
实际上，可执行代码的模块可以是单个指令或许多指令，并且甚至可分布在若干不同的代码段上、在不同程序之间以及在若干存储器设备上。类似地，操作数据可在本文中被识别和示出在模块内，并且可以任何合适的形式体现并被组织在任何合适类型的数据结构内。操作数据可收集为单个数据集，或者可分布在不同位置上，包括分布在不同存储设备上，并且操作数据可至少部分地仅作为系统或网络上的电子信号而存在。模块可以是无源的或有源的，包括可操作以执行所需功能的代理。In practice, a module of executable code may be a single instruction or many instructions, and may even be distributed over several different code segments, between different programs, and over several memory devices. Similarly, operational data may be identified and shown herein within a module, and may be embodied in any suitable form and organized within any suitable type of data structure. The operational data may be collected as a single data set, or may be distributed over different locations, including over different storage devices, and the operational data may exist at least in part only as electronic signals on a system or network. A module may be passive or active, including agents operable to perform a desired function.
整个说明书中所提到的“一个示例”或“示例性”是指结合示例所描述的特定特征、结构或特性包括在本技术的至少一个实施方案中。因此，整个说明书中多处出现短语“在一个示例中”或单词“示例性”不一定是指相同的实施方案。References throughout the specification to "one example" or "exemplary" mean that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in conjunction with the example is included in at least one embodiment of the present technology. Thus, multiple appearances of the phrase "in one example" or the word "exemplary" throughout the specification are not necessarily referring to the same embodiment.
如本文所用，为了方便起见，可将多个项目、结构元件、组成元件和/或材料呈现在共同的列表中。然而，这些列表应被理解为是尽管如此，但列表的每个成员被分别识别为单独且唯一的成员。因此，不应仅基于在没有相反的指示的情况下呈现在一个共同的小组中而将此类列表中的任何一个成员理解为事实上相当于同一名单中的任何其他成员。此外，本技术的各种实施方案和示例可在本文中连同其各种部件的另选方案一起引用。应当理解，此类实施方案、示例和另选方案不应被理解为是彼此事实上的等效物，而应被认为是本技术的单独且自主的表示。As used herein, for convenience, multiple items, structural elements, constituent elements and/or materials may be presented in a common list. However, these lists should be understood to be despite this, but each member of the list is identified as a separate and unique member. Therefore, any member in such a list should not be understood to be equivalent to any other member in the same list based solely on being presented in a common group without contrary instructions. In addition, various embodiments and examples of the present technology may be cited in this article together with alternatives of its various parts. It should be understood that such embodiments, examples and alternatives should not be understood to be equivalent to each other in fact, but should be considered as separate and autonomous representations of the present technology.
此外，所述特征、结构或特性可以任何合适的方式组合在一个或多个实施方案中。在以下描述中，提供了许多具体细节，例如布局的示例、距离、网络示例，以提供对本技术的实施方案的彻底理解。然而，相关领域的技术人员将认识到，本技术可在没有一个或多个具体细节的情况下被实践或者与其他方法、部件、布局等一起被实践。在其他情况下，未示出或未详细描述熟知的结构、材料或操作，以避免模糊本技术的各个方面。In addition, the features, structures or characteristics can be combined in one or more embodiments in any suitable manner. In the following description, many specific details are provided, such as examples of layouts, distances, network examples, to provide a thorough understanding of the embodiments of the present technology. However, those skilled in the relevant art will recognize that the present technology can be practiced without one or more specific details or practiced with other methods, components, layouts, etc. In other cases, well-known structures, materials or operations are not shown or described in detail to avoid blurring various aspects of the present technology.
虽然前述示例说明了本技术在一个或多个特定应用中的原理，但对于本领域的普通技术人员将显而易见的是，在不运用创造性才能的情况下并且在不脱离本技术的原理和概念的情况下，可对具体实施的形式、使用和细节作出许多修改。While the foregoing examples illustrate the principles of the present technology in one or more specific applications, it will be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art that many modifications may be made to the form, use, and details of the specific implementations without exercising creative talent and without departing from the principles and concepts of the present technology.
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